Alkaline inhalations, which involve the use of baking soda or mineral water, are one of the most effective and time-tested treatments for coughs, as well as other symptoms of the common cold. Today, these can be done at home with the help of professional devices - nebulizers. Such activities help to cleanse the throat and nasal cavity. At proper conduct procedures unpleasant symptoms diseases disappear quickly.

Indications for alkaline inhalation

Such activities are recommended by doctors for various inflammatory diseases top respiratory tract and lungs, especially frequent bronchitis. And now professional manipulations have become available at home thanks to nebulizers that can be refilled. medicines, mineral water and herbal decoctions.

Ultrasound models are great for treatment chronic pathologies respiratory system including bronchial asthma. Such devices operate almost silently, therefore they are suitable for use by young children, including infants. Alkaline treatments can also be carried out with the help of more traditional steam devices, which effectively warm up the airways and alleviate the patient's condition.

Alkaline inhalations carried out at home are highly effective, as they contribute to the rapid removal of sputum.

At the same time, there are no side effects and discomfort during the procedure.

In the first days of treatment, the procedures are carried out up to 8 times a day, gradually reducing their number to 2 times. Such frequent holding allows you to get rid of discomfort in a few days. To maximize the effectiveness of the procedure, it is recommended to wrap yourself in a warm blanket after this, avoid eating and talking for at least an hour.

If desired, alkaline solutions are supplemented with herbs and oils. Such compositions help to overcome cough, runny nose, contribute to the restoration of mucous membranes.

How to do inhalation at home

Any mineral water is suitable for the procedure. Such a liquid is absolutely harmless, because it does not contain synthetic substances. It is recommended to opt for water like "Narzan", "Borjomi", "Essentuki". It will take only 2-5 ml of water. You can repeat the procedure every 2 hours thanks to total absence contraindications.

Instead of mineral water, soda is allowed. Inhalation for adults lasts 10 minutes, children should not breathe in pairs for longer than 3.

Soda mixtures are used only twice a day, regardless of the age of the patient. When his condition improves, the need for soda inhalations disappears, because there is a possibility of drying up the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

It should be noted that hot soda solutions cannot be used for nebulizers. In the presence of severe runny nose The steam should only be inhaled through the nose. 1-3 drops of iodine or essential oils of juniper, eucalyptus, fir can increase the effectiveness of soda.

Alkaline inhalations conducted by a nebulizer

In order for the recovery process to be as short and effective as possible, it is necessary to observe several simple rules when using the device:

1. The procedure is performed 1.5-2 hours after the meal;
2. The required amount of liquid is measured with a special glass;
3. The event is held in a lying or sitting position;
4. Can't be used too hot water. The maximum allowable temperature is 57°C. For babies, the optimal temperature is 35-37 ° C;
5. With a runny nose, breathe through the nose, with a dry cough, bronchitis - inhale through the mouth;
6. Mineral water is used only non-carbonated or it is opened in advance so that gases come out;
7. Do not exceed the allowable duration of the procedure;
8. After each use, the device is thoroughly washed and disinfected;
9. Do not drink, eat or talk for at least 1 hour after the procedure.

Inhalations should be carried out carefully, especially with young children. In addition, the presence of contraindications must also be taken into account, for example, they cannot be carried out at elevated temperature, hypertension, nosebleeds, cardiovascular and respiratory failure.

Other types of inhalations at home

Alkaline solutions do not have to be used only for special devices. At home, you can use a regular teapot and even a saucepan. The container is filled with mineral water, heated to the temperatures indicated above.

It is very important to endure temperature regime, because cold products will not have the desired effect, and too hot will lead to burns. Instead of mineral water, you can use the aforementioned soda solution.

Inhalations traditional method should last no more than 4 minutes. Procedures can be carried out up to 3 times a day. Alkaline inhalations are especially recommended for children. Many pediatricians now prefer nebulizers because it is quite difficult for babies to sit over a pot or kettle for several minutes. In addition, there is a chance of getting burned, especially in overly active guys.

Indications for alkaline inhalation - diseases of the respiratory system, which are accompanied by strong cough. Such procedures are quite easy to carry out at home, following the rules listed above.

How to prepare an alkaline solution for home inhalation

For cooking soda solution you will need 1/2 tsp. soda and glass warm water. Soda is stirred in the liquid until completely dissolved. Mineral water does not need special preparation. The funds are either mixed with hot water, or pour into a nebulizer and breathe in steam. It is enough to apply soda solutions twice a day so that the swelling subsides over the next few days. It is recommended to carry out such manipulations with a dry cough, since alkaline solutions activate the cough center.

Alkaline oil inhalation procedures

Solutions based on alkaline substances and essential oils help to overcome diseases that spread by airborne droplets, increase immunity, restore the affected mucous membranes, liquefy sputum, reduce the activity of inflammatory processes.

Pure essential oils should not be used for the procedure, because they can provoke irritation of the mucous membranes, burns and poisoning. V without fail the oil must be diluted before use, that is, a solution is used.

Therapeutic measures can not be carried out after a meal, physical overstrain and training. In this case, you need to wait at least an hour. Essential oils should not be mixed with hormonal drugs, antibiotics and among themselves. With the appearance of nausea, dizziness, disturbances heart rate the process is stopped.

V chemical analysis often used: 0.1 n. solutions of caustic soda or caustic potash; less often - 0.5 n., 0.05 n. and 0.001 n. solutions of these alkalis, as well as saturated solutions of calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; alcohol solution of caustic potassium; 0.1 N soda solution; 0.1 N solution of an alkaline mixture consisting of equal volumes 0.1 N solutions of caustic soda and soda; aqueous solutions of ammonia.

Not for cooking large quantities exact solutions of caustic alkalis can be used fixanals. Alkaline fixants are suitable for certain period(up to six months); very old alkaline fixatives may be inaccurate due to contamination with glass leaching products. Alkali solutions prepared from fixanals are usually used to check the concentration of acid solutions.

To prepare large quantities solutions of caustic soda or caustic potash use chemically pure solid alkalis or their concentrated solutions. If the solution is prepared from solid alkali, then it is more convenient to take a granular (scaly) preparation. The sample weight of this drug is calculated by the formula.

After weighing the granular preparation on a techno-chemical scale, it is dissolved with cooling and constant stirring in a volume of water approximately equal to the volume of the solution. For dissolution take distilled water, freed from carbon dioxide.

If a lumpy alkali preparation is used to prepare the solution, then the freshly chopped pieces are weighed on a technical scale, while the weight should be 30-50% more than necessary. Before dissolving the sample, it is quickly rinsed twice with distilled water to remove sodium carbonate from the surface of the pieces, and immediately dissolved in in large numbers water, approximately equal in weight to the initial amount of alkali, and then diluted with distilled water to the desired volume.

To obtain working solutions of caustic alkalis that do not contain carbonates, concentrated alkali solutions should be used. To do this, solid alkali is dissolved in an equal mass of water (lump preparation is quickly washed with distilled water before that). The preparation of the solution is carried out using goggles and gloves. The dissolution is carried out with constant stirring and cooling in a heat-resistant glass or porcelain dish, adding alkali in small portions. The solution is poured into a tall bottle or cylinder, closed with a rubber stopper and left to stand for settling for 1-2 weeks. In this case, carbonates precipitate. After determining the density of the solution according to the tables, the concentration of the alkali solution is found. The volume of a concentrated alkali solution required to prepare a working solution is calculated using the formulas.

To prepare the solution, take a volume of water equal to the difference between the volumes of the working and concentrated solutions.

When preparing the working solution, a clear concentrated alkali solution is taken with a pipette and diluted with distilled water, free from carbon dioxide.

Alcohol solutions of alkalis prepared by dissolving a sample of alkali in alcohol or in a water-alcohol mixture upon cooling. In the analysis, a solution of caustic potassium in 90% (vol.) alcohol is used. This solution is prepared by dissolving flake chemically pure potassium hydroxide in distilled water and diluting the resulting solution to the desired volume with 96% alcohol.

The volume of 90% alcohol will be approximately equal to the volume of the solution. The volume of 96% alcohol is calculated by the formula:

V 96 = 90V / 96,

where V is the volume of the solution.

The volume of distilled water for preliminary dissolution of a sample of alkali is determined by the difference between the volumes of the solution and 96% alcohol.

The dissolution of the alkali and the dilution of the solution are carried out under cooling. The volume percentage concentration of alcohol is preliminarily determined by an alcohol meter.

If alcohol contains impurities, especially unsaturated compounds, then alcohol solutions alkalis turn yellow and darken, as alkalis cause them to resinify. Therefore, for the preparation of alkali solutions, it is necessary to use alcohol free from impurities capable of resinifying. Alcohol can be freed from these impurities by mixing it with caustic potash, at the rate of 10 g of caustic potash per 1 liter of alcohol. The mixture is refluxed for 30 minutes, and then the alcohol is distilled off.

calcium hydroxide solution prepared in the form saturated solution(0.04 N). To do this, 20 g of calcium hydroxide is shaken in 1 liter of distilled water that does not contain carbon dioxide and the solution is allowed to settle for a day. Before use, it is decanted through a siphon.

barium hydroxide solution often used in the form of a saturated solution (0.35 N.) and for its preparation, 70 g of Ba (OH) 2 8H 2 O are shaken in 1 l of distilled water that does not contain carbon dioxide; settling and decanting the clear solution. Solutions of lower concentration are obtained by diluting a saturated solution.

Ammonia solutions used in the form of approximate solutions, often 6 N. and 2 n. They are prepared by diluting concentrated (25%) ammonia solution with distilled water.

The volume of a concentrated ammonia solution is calculated by the formula.

The concentration of a 25% ammonia solution T to = 228 g/l, its density d to =0.91 g/cm 3 .

The concentration of a concentrated solution can be found from the table, based on the density of the solution, which is previously determined with a hydrometer.

Alkaline mixture solution caustic soda and soda are prepared by mixing equal volumes of 0.1 N. sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1 N. soda solution. This gives 0.1 n. alkaline solution.

The amount of soda ash required to prepare a certain volume of 0.1 N. solution, calculated by the formula:

where V is the volume of the solution, ml.

Mass of caustic soda:

40 0.1 12000 / 1000 = 48 g.

According to the table we find the concentration of a concentrated solution of alkali T to = 645 g / l.

Volume of concentrated solution:

40 0.5 500 / 645 = 155 ml.

Example 3 Determine the concentration of a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution if 10 ml of this solution are diluted with water in a 500 volumetric flask and 10 ml of the diluted solution are titrated with 20.40 ml of 0.1036 N sodium hydroxide solution. hydrochloric acid solution.

Concentration of concentrated solution:

40 0.1036 20.40 500 / 10 10 = 423 g/l.

Weight of sample of caustic potash:

56 0.5 2000 / 1000 = 56 g.

The volume of 90% alcohol is 2 liters.

Volume of 96% alcohol:

90 2 / 96 = 1.875 = 1875 ml.

Water volume 2000 - 1875 = 125 ml.

The concentration of concentrated ammonia solution (according to the table) T to = 228 g/l.

Volume of 25% ammonia solution:

17 2 1000 / 228 = 150 ml.

Water volume 1000 - 150 = 850 ml.

Drivers need the skills to prepare an electrolyte for a battery in two cases: in the first case, the battery simply fails, and you minimal cost you need to change the charger; in the second, you pre-purchase a dry-charged device that requires additional maintenance.

Electrolytes for different types of batteries

We make an electrolyte for an alkaline battery

The main electrolyte source material for alkaline battery is distilled water, meeting GOST 6709-72. Alternatively, you can use the usual drinking water. But she has to stand a little.

Attention! Mineral water is not suitable, as it contains many additional trace elements, interfering with the process of accumulation of a sufficient amount electrical energy.

In order to prepare the electrolyte for the battery, you will also need potassium caustic KOH. Even grade B is suitable, but still A is better. In this case, the final raw material will turn out to be an order of magnitude higher in quality.

one more important element The composition of the future energy solution for batteries is the so-called Li(OH)3. This is lithium, technical oxide hydrate. Inclusion in this chemical compound allows to increase the service life of the electrolyte by three times. The main thing is to add during the preparation of the substance given element.

Attention! On average, a nickel-cadmium battery can withstand about 1000 charge and discharge cycles.

To prepare an electrolyte for a battery, it is allowed to use alkalis both in liquid and in solid form. The main thing is that they are properly packaged. Solid alkalis should be in iron cans, hermetically preserved.

Liquid alkali should be packaged in glass bottles. Stoppers must be rubber. To ensure complete tightness, the top is filled with paraffin. Such a measure precaution will be more than enough to prepare the electrolyte for the battery.

Sealed packaging is needed because of carbon dioxide, which causes irreparable harm to alkali, making it unsuitable for further use. If the lye turns brown or yellow, it will not work to prepare an electrolyte for the battery.

To prepare the electrolyte for the battery, you need to take iron or cast iron dishes, plastic is also suitable. The container must first be cleaned of any contamination. Moreover, the dishes should have a tight-fitting lid.

Important! Do not use a container made of zinc, copper, aluminum or lead. Ceramics and glass are also prohibited.

The density of the composition of the energy element is determined primarily by the needs of the battery. Usually desired parameters indicated in the instructions that come with the unit. In extreme cases, the necessary manual can be searched on the manufacturer's website.

In order to prepare a solution of the desired consistency, strictly follow the instructions, which consists of the following steps:

1. measure out right amount water and pour it into a vessel.
2. Take steel tongs and use them to lower pieces of alkali into the container. However, they should not be large. If the lye is liquid, carefully pour the right amount.
3. To speed up the process, take a plastic stirrer and stir the solution.

In the process of work, you need to carefully monitor the density of the solution and its temperature. The last parameter should not exceed 25 degrees. If necessary, you will need to heat or cool the substance.

Important! With an increase in temperature by one degree, the density of the electrolyte decreases by 0.005 g / cm 3.

After the mixing of the solution is carried out, it is necessary to hermetically close the vessel and let it brew for six hours. At the end, part of the substance will become completely light. It is it that needs to be drained and used in the battery.

If, in order to prepare an electrolyte for a battery, you used potassium-lithium alkali as a starting material, keep in mind that its density is 1.41 g/cm3. At the end of the work there will be a white precipitate that must be diluted with water. The substance must be stirred until the precipitate is completely dissolved.

Very often, during the preparation of the electrolyte for the battery, excess is formed. They must be handled with extreme caution. Pour the resulting substance into glass bottles and close them with rubber stoppers. Then fill with paraffin.

On each bottle you need to stick a tag on which the composition and date of creation will be written. The electrolyte that you prepared for the battery can be used in the future or sold.

Lead battery electrolyte

To prepare an electrolyte for a lead battery, you need pure sulfuric acid and water. During the process, the liquid becomes very hot, so extreme care must be taken.

Important! Acid is poured into water, not vice versa.

The fact is that when acid is added to a liquid, a sharp release of heat is observed. Because of this, it increases ambient temperature. That is why, for the stability of the process, it is necessary to do exactly the opposite. In this case, the solution must be constantly stirred. Constant stirring prevents the sediment from sinking to the bottom of the vessel.

To prepare an electrolyte for a lead battery, you will need a porcelain or glass container. If we are talking about a large amount of mortar, it is better to take a potter's vat lined with lead from the inside.

Important! No other material can process the clay surface of the vessel.

Before pouring the prepared electrolyte into the battery, wait until it cools down. Otherwise, you risk damaging the battery. Also, the solution must be diluted before direct use.

Advice! Very often, a jet of compressed air is used to speed up the cooling process.

If you want to avoid a strong increase in temperature during the preparation of the electrolyte for the battery, use ice. It must be prepared exclusively from distilled water.

To prepare the electrolyte for the battery, first carefully read the specification of the device. The instructions should indicate the proportions of water and acid needed for optimal performance.

Density

To prepare a high-quality electrolyte for batteries, the solution must have an appropriate density. This is the most important parameter on which the life of the device depends.

If the density is too high, it will negatively affect the service life of the electrolyte. The fact is that corrosion will corrode the positive electrode at a high speed.

Another parameter that must be taken into account when calculating the density of an electrolyte is the freezing temperature. If the density is 1.28 g/cm3, the solution will freeze at -64 degrees. Reducing the density of just one gram lowers the temperature bar to 58 degrees Celsius.

There is a special device that allows you to measure the density of the electrolyte prepared for the battery with high accuracy - a densimeter. It must be thoroughly wiped before use.

Important! The tip of the densimeter is immersed strictly vertically into the liquid.

Results

As you can see, preparing an electrolyte for a battery is not so difficult. This requires a minimum of ingredients. And the basis is plain water. Additional reagents are sulfur and alkali.

Health conscious people are wondering how alkaline water is made at home to drink with healing effect? To thoroughly understand the topic, you should find out the properties and characteristics of the composition.

What is alkaline water?

One of the main indicators of liquid - acid-base balance or pH level. When it rises more than 7 units. the composition is considered alkaline. The human body is very sensitive to imbalances leading to high acidity. It reacts with hypertension, increased sugar and other diseases. Normalization of the natural balance restores the natural course of metabolic processes.

The mineralization of a liquid in nature occurs by dissolving salts, trace elements and other minerals in it. active substances. There are three types of saturation levels:

Alkaline water composition

In solutions with a pH value of 7.1 or more, hydrocarbonate ions, sodium and magnesia predominate. Alkali metals form hydroxides with water, in the form of various compounds, sodium and potassium are found in human tissues and play important role in metabolism. Replenishment of these macronutrients occurs when mineral water is taken. Bicarbonate solutions reduce the acidity of the stomach, relieve the feeling of heaviness and inflammation of the intestines. In the treatment of gastritis, alkaline mineral water without gas is used. Carbon dioxide causes the release gastric juice As a result, acidity increases.

How to make alkaline water at home?

To improve the body, it is not necessary to go to the mountains, buy "Borjomi", "Polyana Kvasova" or "Luzhanskaya", it is enough to artificially mineralize the liquid. Long term treatment will require you to spend a significant amount in a store or pharmacy, but knowing how to prepare alkaline water can save you money.

Cooking medicinal composition will require simple and affordable components:

• baking soda (0.5 teaspoon);
• purified water (1 liter);
• table salt (0.5 teaspoon).

The components are mixed into bottles until completely dissolved, after which the composition can be drunk.

Healing properties and contraindications

Mineral water is indicated in the following situations:

• inflammation of the housing and communal services;
• nervous exhaustion;
• infectious diseases;
• obesity, metabolic disorders;
• poisoning.

When the body is acidified, harmful waste accumulates in the muscles and organs, and microelements are poorly absorbed. A liquid saturated with components with high level pH.

Contraindications for admission are:

• kidney failure;
• urinary tract problems;
• diabetes.

Balance stabilizationpH provides normal work internal organs, blood and metabolism.

Used in alkaline inhalations mineral water and soda. This type of inhalation is used to eliminate the symptoms of a cold - cough, runny nose, sore throat. If earlier this method of inhalation procedures was not available at home, then with the advent of nebulizers the situation has changed. Also became available and alkaline oil inhalations containing essential oils. Consider the method of alkaline inhalation at home.

Indications for use

An alkaline solution for inhalation is prescribed for diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, especially for bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Alkaline procedures should be carried out using special devices- nebulizers. For infants purchase ultrasonic nebulizers, characterized by silent operation. With the help of these devices, the child can be treated during sleep.

The effectiveness of alkaline inhalation with a nebulizer:

• promotes hydration of the mucous membranes;
• softens thick sputum and removes from the body;
• does not provide side effects after application;
• easily tolerated by patients of different age groups.

Note! After alkaline inhalations, it is recommended to rest for a while, covered with a blanket.

V alkaline solution decoctions can be added medicinal herbs and essential oils, which will help to get rid of the symptoms of a cold as soon as possible. It is worth noting that alkaline inhalations with a nebulizer with a cold are not very effective - only with a dry / wet cough.

Methodology

Alkaline inhalations at home are carried out using non-carbonated mineral water - Essentuki, Narzan, Borjomi. Since the procedure is completely safe for health, inhalation is allowed every 2-3 hours, even for small children.

How to prepare a solution? To do this, you just need to pour 4 or 5 ml of mineral water into a special compartment of the nebulizer and turn on the start button. If there is no mineral water, prepare the usual soda solution.

Note! The duration of the procedure for children is 3 or 5 minutes, adults can breathe aerosols for 10 minutes.

Soda solution, unlike mineral water, can be used only 2 times a day. This is due to the effect of soda on the mucous membrane: it contributes to drying. In alkaline inhalations with a dry cough, you can add the essential oil of juniper, fir or eucalyptus. To disinfect the mucous membranes, a couple of drops of iodine are added to the soda.

In some cases, inhalation is prohibited. It concerns elevated temperature body, tendency to nosebleeds, heart ailments and respiratory failure.

Rules for inhalation

What special requirements are there when using nebulizers? Alkaline inhalations at home differ little from stationary ones. You must adhere to the following recommendations:

• the procedure is carried out 1.5 hours after the last meal;
• temperature aqueous solution must correspond to that specified in the instructions - not higher than +57 for adults and + 37 for children;
• for the treatment of a cold, you need to inhale steam through your nose, for the treatment of pulmonary ailments - through your mouth;
• breathing rhythm should be natural;
• it is necessary to strictly observe the duration of the procedure;
• after alkaline inhalation with a nebulizer, you must refrain from eating, talking and walking on the street for an hour.

Important! Carrying out inhalation procedures must be coordinated with the attending physician. Self-administration of inhalations little child unacceptable.

After the procedure, the nebulizer should be rinsed and dried.

Soda inhalation

Consider the recipe for the preparation of a conventional soda solution for home inhalation. To do this, take half a teaspoon of soda and dilute in warm boiled water. However, this solution is not recommended for the treatment of infants and pregnant women, because it is not sterile. It is better to use bottled mineral water or saline.

Which Essential Oils Help Relieve Cold Symptoms? These include:

• fir;
• chamomile;
• mint;
• juniper;
• eucalyptus;
• Pine;
• Linden;

The specified vegetable raw materials contribute to the disinfection of the mucosa, tissue restoration and the removal of puffiness.

Important! Alkaline solution oils must not be used in ultrasonic nebulizer, compressor type models are suitable for this.

Breathe essential oils it is possible without a nebulizer: for this it is enough to prepare an aroma lamp. However, it is necessary to observe the dosage of oils: exceeding the concentration vegetable substances may cause allergies. Essential inhalations oil are prohibited for asthma, pneumonia and heart failure.

Outcome

Why alkaline procedures are carried out, we found out. It is recommended to use a nebulizer with a dry cough to thin the sputum and quickly remove it from the body. However, before treating cough and runny nose, it is necessary to find out the cause of the onset of the disease, so you need to see a doctor. Self-treatment symptoms are prohibited. It is also necessary to consult a doctor about inhalation: this procedure is not indicated for everyone. A contraindication may be systemic disease, allergy to components and simply intolerance to steam procedures. If you feel sick after inhalation, tell your doctor.