Among the estrogens, called female sex hormones, estradiol is the most important. It is he who bears the main responsibility for the formation and functioning of the female reproductive system, as well as for the mental and the physical state representatives of the fair sex.

Thanks to the action of estradiol, the female figure acquires a characteristic shape

Despite the fact that estradiol (international designation E2) is a female hormone, it is produced from male testosterone adrenal glands and ovaries. They have a direct effect on its synthesis. The result of the work of estradiol is a female figure, however, besides this, it affects many other systems and organs:

• regulation of the menstrual rhythm;
• tone increase;
• increased bone strength;
• regulation of cholesterol levels;
• effect on the condition of the skin;
• regulation of blood clotting;
• improving the ability of muscles to contract;
• preparation of the endometrium for embryo implantation.

Hormone levels depend on menstrual phase. In the first phase, its amount is small, by the time of ovulation it increases three times, and in the second phase it decreases.

Estradiol, although in smaller quantities, is also produced in men. IN male body it also strengthens bones, regulates clotting, stimulates metabolism and, moreover, is involved in spermatogenesis.

How and when to take the analysis?

Determining the level of estradiol may be indicated if the following symptoms are present:

• changes in the menstrual cycle;
• lack of ovulation;
• uterine bleeding between periods;
• reduced fertility;
• infertility;
• pituitary insufficiency;
• osteoporosis;
• polycystic ovaries.

In addition, this study is mandatory in preparation for IVF and is included in those that must be passed before entering the protocol. The rules for passing the analysis are standard:

1. It is carried out on an empty stomach.
2. For the day it is necessary to exclude the intake of drugs and physical exercise.
3. Women are recommended to take an analysis on days 3-5 or 20-21, depending on the goals of the study, which will be indicated by the doctor.
4. Men can donate blood any day.

Blood test for estradiol in women

The norms of estradiol for women differ in different phases menstrual cycle. If the woman is not pregnant and is of childbearing age, the generally accepted norms are as follows (in picograms, pg/ml):

1. In the follicular phase (before ovulation) - from 57 to 227.
2. During ovulation - from 127 to 476.
3. In the luteinizing phase (after ovulation) - from 77 to 227.

Some laboratories use different units, so it is important to pay attention to the letters on the form. They, in addition to the above, may be as follows:

Picomol (pmol/liter):

• In the follicular phase (before ovulation) - from 68 to 1269.
• During ovulation - from 131 to 1655.
• In the luteinizing phase (after ovulation) - from 91 to 861.

Nanomole (nmol/litre). The difference between pico and nanomoles is 10 to the power of 3. Accordingly, to determine the norms in nanomoles, you need to divide the reference values ​​\u200b\u200bin picomoles by 1000.

Below normal

Reduced estradiol can be observed in pathologies such as:

• malfunction of the pituitary gland;
• a significant increase in the content of prolactin;
• inflammatory processes of the genital area;
• insufficiency of the luteal phase.

In addition, estradiol is lowered with some lifestyle habits. Among them are regular physical activity, vegetarianism, high quantity carbohydrates in the diet reduced content squirrel.

Above normal

Causes elevated estradiol become the following ailments:

• pathology thyroid gland leading to a violation of its function;
• tumors, including malignant ones, of the uterus and ovaries;
• endometriosis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• obesity.

During pregnancy and menopause

With the onset of pregnancy, the amount of hormone in female body begins to rise, as the placenta is connected to its production. Estradiol is necessary while waiting for a child, because it prepares the uterus for bearing: it ensures its growth throughout the entire period, regulates the condition of the vessels and blood circulation in them.

Puffiness, which occurs in many pregnant women, can be triggered by high levels of estradiol, since it has the ability to retain sodium in the tissues.

The hormone norms established for pregnant women are shown in the table.

Other norms of the content of the hormone and with menopause. Over the years, its production decreases, and with menopause normal values are between 20 and 87 (in picograms) or less than 73 (in picomoles).

Relationship with testosterone

In addition to the absolute values ​​indicating the content of estradiol, doctors evaluate its ratio with other hormones - with prolactin, progesterone, but first of all - with testosterone. Normally, the content of estradiol should be 10 times higher than testosterone, if we are talking about the female body. In some cases, a reduction to 7 to 1 is acceptable.

A decrease in the ratio to 5 to 1 and below is considered critical. Such a state is called hyperandrogenism; accompanied by changes such as

• menstrual disorders;
• deterioration of the skin;
• obesity;
• change in voice and figure.

With hyperandrogenism, secondary manifestations are also possible, which occur if the level of hormones is not regulated for a long time. The first is the development of diabetes.

However, the opposite situation is also possible. hyperestrogenism, in which the level of testosterone is too low compared to estradiol. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

• expressed premenstrual syndrome;
• heavy bleeding during menstruation;
• nervousness, irritability;
• occurrence of intermenstrual bleeding.

If hyperestrogenism is not eliminated, excess estrogen can lead to the development of fibroids, malignant tumors.

Estrogens - female beauty hormones

Treatment

Estradiol is found in many medicines, which the doctor prescribes for deviations in the tests. Their choice is explained by the reasons why the hormone is increased or decreased, the age of the woman, concomitant diseases. General principles treatments are the following:

1. Women reproductive age, as well as patients with severe premenstrual syndrome are selected oral contraceptives, most of which are a combination of estrogens and gestagens.
2. In menopause, estradiol preparations (such as, for example, estradiol valerate, ovestin) are prescribed according to the contraceptive scheme for 3-4 months.
3. With estrogen deficiency, a course is prescribed that involves taking estradiol for 6 months (3 weeks of admission and a week off).
4. If tumors are found during the examination and search for the cause of the change in hormone levels, surgical intervention is indicated.

If the deviations from the norm are insignificant, a change in the diet with the inclusion of legumes, protein products of animal origin, cabbage, tomatoes, grapes, and soy products helps to cope with them.

The presence of the hormone estradiol in women within the normal range determines the manifestation of secondary sexual characteristics, affects the performance reproductive function. Estradiol is produced by the gonads and adrenal glands.

Secondary sexual characteristics are formed during the growth and puberty of the body.

What are the functions of estradiol

The biologically active substance is produced by both the female and male body, the difference is only in concentration. Therefore, the functions of a substance can be divided into two groups: those that are performed in the body, regardless of gender, and those that are inherent in a purely female body.

General Functions for women and men are:

• work regulation circulatory system;
• activity Bladder;
• intestinal peristalsis;
• Job skeletal muscle;
• ensuring the strength of the skeleton;
• withdrawal nervous tension;
• participation in metabolic processes.

With the onset of puberty girls female hormone enters the bloodstream, secondary sexual characteristics begin to appear in her: breast growth, roundness of the figure, high timbre of voice, formation of the uterus, proper functioning of the gonads. Estradiol in women is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, affects the maturation of the egg, prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy.

beauty hormone

Estradiol is rightly called beauty hormone. In addition to providing metabolic processes, performing a reproductive function, it has a strong effect on nervous system and skin condition.

under the influence of normal hormonal background women's skin becomes soft, velvety, wrinkles are smoothed out, the complexion improves, there is a sparkle in the eyes. female hormone improves mood, increases efficiency, helps the female body to withstand stress.

What causes an increase in the amount of estradiol

All hormones must be present in the blood in a certain amount, the concentration of the hormone estradiol in women not an exception. The amount of this steroid hormone depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle, age-related changes. The norm indicators are as follows:

• 57-227 pg/ml in the follicular phase;
• 127-476 pg / ml during ovulation;
• 77-227 pg / ml in the luteal phase;
• 19-80 pg / ml during menopause.

If after ovulation the indicators remain maximum with highly likely We can say that pregnancy has come. In other cases, an increased concentration indicates pathological processes in a woman's body. Among them:

• liver disease;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
• the presence of a tumor;
• ovarian cysts;
• a sharp decline body weight.

An increase in the concentration of the substance can be caused by the use of alcoholic beverages, long-term use medicines. Long-term excess of the norm leads to complications in the form of depression, bleeding, tumors, infertility, anemia. At timely treatment these consequences can be avoided.

How does a decrease in the amount of estradiol manifest itself?

Prolonged decrease in the concentration of the hormone in the body of a woman childbearing age also leads to serious disorders in the body. First of all, they are associated with problems in the menstrual cycle, as a result of which pregnancy does not occur. A decrease in the amount of the hormone affects the state of the musculoskeletal system (bones become brittle), problems arise in work of cardio-vascular system.

Interpretation of low estradiol:

• hyperprolactinemia;
• deficiency of luteal phase hormones
• pituitary dwarfism;
• virilny syndrome;
• chronic inflammation internal genital organs;
• Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome.

The woman becomes irritable, she shows signs premature aging(hair falls out, wrinkles appear, dry skin is observed). After testing, appointment by the attending physician hormone therapy, the concentration rises, and the norm is restored. This is facilitated by the organization proper nutrition, vitamin therapy, sex life.

Testing for estradiol

Material for research: Venous blood

Hormonal control will help to avoid deviations in the activity of the body and possible pathologies. To determine the hormone in the blood should be taken on an empty stomach venous blood. In order to obtain accurate results, it is necessary to refrain from physical overload, use alcoholic beverages, sexual contact, smoking. The delivery of the analysis should fall on the 3rd-5th day of the menstrual cycle or on the 20th-21st.

The effect of estradiol on a woman's body weight

Estradiol is responsible for more than four hundred functions. Starting from blooming appearance to normal sexual reactions and childbearing function. The hormone begins to function during puberty until menopause.

Often the loss of the hormone leads to the fact that in abdominal cavity And internal organs more fat is formed, the ability to recover muscles worsens.

In a young female body, it is much larger; with age, the amount of the substance decreases. The most important consequences of hormonal age-related changes include:

• the amount of adipose tissue increases significantly;
• muscle loses its tone and collapses;
• disruption of the thyroid gland;
• sleep disorder occurs.

Estradiol is important steroid hormone which affects women's health in general and reproductive system in particular. Any deviation from the norm for a long time is an indicator pathological processes in organism, the cause of which must be sought by comprehensive examination.

The only exception is pregnancy, upon the occurrence of which the level of the hormone rises. He performs more than four hundred functions in the body of a woman, therefore it is necessary to monitor the level of content in the blood biologically active substance via laboratory analysis blood.

What is the hormone estradiol in women? It is a hormone that belongs to the class of steroids. It influences the formation of the reproductive system and sexual characteristics of the secondary type in the female half of humanity. This hormone is also present in the male body. The intensity of production depends on luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.

What is he responsible for?

In childhood, the level of estradiol is at the same level in both sexes. Only during the puberty of girls, the synthesis of the hormone increases. What is the hormone estradiol responsible for? In this period it contributes to the harmonious development of the reproductive system, and also for forms female figure. It is under his influence that the chest begins to grow, the forms gradually begin to round, and the waist becomes narrower. Subjected to change voice, skin condition.

In addition to external changes, estradiol promotes the growth and maturation of the follicles, improves blood flow in the uterus and its growth not only during maturation, but also during pregnancy. Under the influence of the hormone, the epithelial layer thickens, thereby preparing reproductive system to accept the embryo.

except physiological changes This hormone is also responsible for the hormonal background. That is, with a sufficient amount of it, a woman feels a surge of strength, energy throughout her body. She becomes physically active and hardy, her mood improves. Estradiol in a woman's body, together with testosterone, is responsible for sex drive . That is why, with its deficiency, the following deviations are observed:

• Depression;
• Chronic fatigue;
• Frigidity;
• There is a risk of developing diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• The aging process in the body is accelerated.

Responsible for a huge number of processes occurring in the body, the hormone must always be in the normal range so that the female body does not suffer as a result of the consequences of its deficiency.

The norm of estradiol in women is painted by age in the table. At different intervals, the level of the hormone in the body fluctuates, which is caused both by the state of the body itself (preparation for menstruation or pregnancy) and age. If we take the phase of the menstrual cycle, then the rate of content in the body of a woman of estradiol fluctuates as follows:

As you can see the smallest content hormone in the body is observed in children and also during menopause.

Blood estradiol levels are highest during ovulation, which directly indicates readiness for probable pregnancy and acceptance of the fetus organism. If fertilization has occurred, then the synthesis of progesterone, which is the main hormone of pregnancy, further increases. It reduces the contraction of smooth muscles in the uterus and promotes the development of the mammary glands.. That is, there is a systematic preparation of the female body for motherhood. At the same time, the level of estradiol in the woman's body is increased, since its synthesis is now carried out by the ovaries, as well as additionally by the placenta. About a week before delivery, its level begins to gradually decrease.

Causes of a decrease in estradiol

Even during the cycle, the level of the hormone is below normal. Any deviations of estradiol affect the body of a woman, as we have already learned earlier. But the reasons for this phenomenon may be different. Among them:

Symptoms in women vary: with a decrease in estradiol in the body by day, the frequency of menstruation is disturbed from delay to total absence. mammary glands decrease, as does the size of the uterus. Skin become dry. The ratio of estradiol to testosterone is disturbed, which provokes an intensive growth of hair on the body and face, as in men. Manifest Bad mood and depression.

Estradiol is one of the female sex hormones, the deviation from the norm of which in women negatively affects well-being. A table by age and menstrual cycle helps to correctly decipher the analysis.

Estradiol is one of the most active female sex hormones. The substance belongs to estrogens. Estradiol is formed in the ovaries in women or in the testes in men. In expectant mothers in early pregnancy, it is synthesized by the placenta.

In women, estradiol is responsible for reproductive health.

It is thanks to its norm (in the table), at the appropriate age, it has rounded shapes, beautiful skin and hair, high and soft voice. Doctors have not thoroughly studied the role of estradiol for men, but agreed that its deficiency leads to diseases of the sexual and skeletal systems.

Functions of estradiol in the body:

1. The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics: vegetation on the pubis, chest, fat deposits on the thighs.
2. Improving the condition of the skin and hair.
3. Formation of female libido.
4. Follicle formation during the menstrual cycle.
5. Preparing a woman's body for childbearing.
6. Stimulation of blood circulation and growth of the uterus during pregnancy.
7. Regulation of the nervous system.
8. Removal of "dangerous" cholesterol from the body.
9. Condition improvement bone tissue.
10. Strengthening of blood vessels and walls of the myocardium.
11. Maintaining the tone of the bladder.
12. Improved blood clotting.

Indicators depending on age, phase of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy: table

The hormone estradiol, the norm in women by age (table) reflects depending on the development of the woman's reproductive abilities.

Hormone levels during pregnancy

Hormone levels during the menstrual cycle

The role of the hormone during pregnancy

Immediately after conception, the amount of estradiol begins to increase, its level normalizes only after the placenta is fully formed and can independently produce hormones.

The role of the hormone during pregnancy:

1. Promotes the growth of the uterus during the development of the baby.
2. Improves blood circulation in the genital area of ​​the expectant mother.
3. Strengthens bones, prepares them for increased loads.
4. Improves the stamina of a pregnant woman.
5. It has a positive effect on the mood of the expectant mother.
6. Improves blood clotting by reducing the amount of cholesterol.

An elevated level of estradiol is not a pathology during pregnancy. In some cases, this can cause swelling. Low estradiol is a condition dangerous for pregnancy. If a woman initially lacks this hormone, the possibility of conceiving a child is almost minimal.

Low hormone levels early in pregnancy lead to the following:

• due to insufficient development of the placenta, a miscarriage occurs;
• poor circulation and as a result - oxygen starvation embryo;
• malnutrition of the child.

Relationship with the menstrual cycle

The norm of estradiol indicators in women changes throughout the cycle. This can be tracked using age tables. Therefore, diagnostic tests various diseases and pathologies are assigned to different days after menses.

After the menstruation ends, the level of the hormone begins to rise rapidly, and a follicle forms in the ovaries. The maximum level of the hormone in the blood is observed with the onset of ovulation. This is due to the fact that the possibility of conception at this moment is maximum, and the hormone is necessary for normal development pregnancy on early dates.

After the rupture of the follicle, the amount of estradiol begins to gradually decrease. With the opposite phenomenon, we can talk about the beginning of pregnancy. During the decline in estrodiol levels, the hormone breaks down into 2 other estrogens: estrone and estriol. The amount of a substance also changes depending on the time of day: at night its level is lower than during the day.

Hormone in menopause

During menopause, estradiol decreases, the norm in women by age, the table reflects depending on the development of menopause. Estradiol can "fall" down to zero. Gynecologists recommend that you regularly take tests at this time to exclude diseases associated with the endocrine system.

Symptoms of menopause that are associated with a decrease in estrodiol levels:

• hot flashes;
• decreased libido;
• lack of vaginal lubrication;
• fragility of bones;
• violation or absence of menstruation.

Opinions on the account of the level of this sex hormone differ from different doctors. Most believe normal quantity up to 54 pg / ml, but some refer to a healthy level - up to 82 pg / ml. If the hormone levels are higher, this may indicate a disease.

The disease can be ruled out with additional analysis to another female sex hormone - estriol.

It is produced only during the reproductive age of a woman, its presence in the blood indicates that menopause has not occurred and the level of estradiol can correspond to the level of a young woman.

Decreased hormone levels, causes

There are a large number of reasons for the decrease in estradiol. This can lead not only to the disease, but also to the characteristics of a woman's life.

1. Usage hormonal drugs as contraception (this can both reduce and increase the concentration of estradiol in the blood).
2. Chemotherapy in the treatment of tumors.
3. Diets. For young women, it is not recommended to completely abandon animal products and engage in a raw food diet.
4. Abuse of alcoholic beverages.
5. Smoking.
6. Threatened miscarriage or loss of a child.
7. Work associated with heavy physical labor.
8. Heavy sports activities.
9. Inflammatory processes in the genitals.
10. Delay in sexual development.
11. Testicular hypofunction in men.
12. A large amount of prolactin in the blood.
13. Disorders of the pituitary gland, which is accompanied by dwarfism.

Low esterol can occur during a cycle if the follicle does not rupture and a cyst forms in its place. After a break, as a rule, the level of the hormone rises sharply. Therefore, doctors recommend doing repeated analyzes throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

Increasing the level, causes

The following pathologies and diseases can increase the amount of estradiol in the body:

1. Severe liver disease, including cirrhosis.
2. Diseases and disorders of the thyroid gland.
3. Inflammatory diseases of the ovaries, uterus, adrenal glands. In cases infectious diseases female reproductive system temporary hormone surges are possible.
4. Malignant tumors.
5. Testicular tumors (in men).
6. Obesity.
7. Alcoholism.

A disease does not always lead to an increased level of the hormone. High estradiol is observed with the use of drugs for hormonal treatment, as well as with irrational nutrition and abuse of traditional therapy.

Symptoms of low hormone levels

Exist the following signs low estradiol:

• serious violation reproductive health: infertility, frequent early miscarriages;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• anxiety during sleep;
• unstable emotional background;
• discomfort in the breast area;
• the appearance of edema;
• hair loss;
• deterioration in the condition of the skin of the face and nails;
• weight loss;
• absence of menstruation for more than six months.

Symptoms of elevated hormone levels

There are the following signs of high estradiol levels:

• a large number of blackheads, acne;
• excess weight while dieting;
• frequent swelling;
• severe fatigue, impaired emotional background;
• menstrual disorders, bleeding, pain;
• the appearance of fat deposits on the buttocks and chest, hair loss on the face and pubis, decreased libido;
• pain in the mammary gland;
• constant feeling of numbness and coldness in the fingers and toes;
• abdominal pain, indigestion;
• sleep disorders;
• convulsions.

How to conduct a study: analyzes

Blood for estradiol is always taken on an empty stomach. It is not allowed to drink tea and coffee without sugar, any drinks and juices. If you are very thirsty, you can quench it with a small amount of clean water.

Preparation and delivery of an analysis for estradiol:

1. For a few days you need to stop smoking.
2. On the eve of the analysis, it is recommended not to exercise, to refuse to engage in any kind of sports.
3. Usually, the analysis is carried out a week after the onset of menstruation, but in some cases, the doctor may prescribe other terms.
4. If necessary, the analysis is repeated after 20 days.
5. If a woman uses oral contraceptives, they should not be used on the day of the test, and the name and type of the drug should be reported to the laboratory assistant.
6. A few days before the analysis, you need to observe sexual rest.
7. It is recommended to take tests at the same time, preferably from 8 to 10 am.

With scheduled diagnostics, the results of the analysis are prepared from 3 to 5 days. At emergency, most often with the threat of miscarriage, the analysis can be ready within a day. Ways to increase estradiol: diet and ethnoscience Phytotherapy of low estradiol is safe and useful way stabilize the hormonal background.

1. A decoction of sage. It is necessary to use the remedy from the first days of menstruation - at this time, sage is most favorable for the female body. To prepare a decoction, you need 1 tbsp. l. dry herbs pour boiled hot water(1 glass) and insist for 20-25 minutes. The resulting liquid should be divided into 3 doses and consumed within a day.
2. A decoction of the red brush. In a big mug hot water you need to pour a spoonful of red brush. The broth is simmered in a water bath for several minutes, avoiding boiling. After that, the liquid should be infused for at least 1 hour.
3. Infusion of rapeseed. About 1-1.5 tbsp is added to a cup of hot water. l. grass of the common rape. The manufacture and use of the infusion is similar to the recipe using sage.

During the preparation of infusions and decoctions, do not use boiling water. After boiling, it must be left for a few minutes until the temperature drops to 80 degrees.

You can also increase estradiol with the help of nutrition.

Norms in women by age (table) can be raised using the following products:

• flax-seed;
• olive oil;
• beans, including soybeans;
• tomatoes;
• cabbage;
• beet;
• apricots;
• tangerines;
• melon;
• parsley;
• tuna;
• brown rice;
• coffee;
• bitter chocolate.

How to increase with medication

Medications are used when there is a severe decrease in estrodiol levels. It is recommended to take them in combination with vitamin and mineral complexes.

To increase the hormone, the following drugs can be used:

1. Estradiol valerate (dipropionate). Synthetic analog hormone. The drug is prescribed not only with a decrease in the level of natural estradiol, but also to improve well-being before menopause, as well as after removal of the ovaries.
2. Premarin. The composition of the drug includes hormones of the estrogen group. It is recommended to use it to reduce the symptoms of menopause and diseases associated with it. Also, the drug is used to correct the hormonal background in diseases of the female reproductive system.
3. Gemafemin. Is biologically active additive, can be used to improve the well-being of a woman with hormonal disorders and severe psycho-emotional stress. As prophylactic can be prescribed with a reduced level of estrogen to prevent early aging of a woman's body.
4. Proginova. The drug is a source of synthetic estradiol. It is recommended to use it to prevent bone thinning during menopause and after removal of the ovaries.

How to lower using medication

Lowering estrodiol is more difficult than raising it.

With an excess of female sex hormone, it is recommended to use the following medicines:

1. Tamoxifen. The drug is used to treat cancer and precancerous conditions of the breast in women. Regular intake of the drug in a lower dose prescribed by a doctor leads to a decrease in estrogen levels.
2. Orgametril. Contains the synthetic hormone gestogen, an antagonist of female sex hormones. Negatively affects ovulation, prevents conception. Used for contraception, delaying menstruation and heavy bleeding from the uterus.
3. Mastodinon. herbal preparation, which is used for the treatment and prevention of mastopathy. homeopathic remedy great for women whose hormone levels are slightly elevated and lead to painful sensations in the chest and to PMS.
4. Indiol. Used to stabilize hormonal balance. Can be used on early stages cancer treatment. The course of treatment for elevated estradiol is from 3 months to six months.

Hormones and a healthy lifestyle

Lifestyle is one of the indicators that directly affect the hormonal background of every woman. Smoking is one of the most negative factors for women's endocrine health. With increased and reduced estradiol It is forbidden to smoke even in small quantities.

Important component hormonal health- sport. At elevated level estradiol, it is recommended to engage in power sports, weightlifting, and have a high physical activity. This contributes to the release of male sex hormones, which are female antagonists and reduce its level.

With a reduced amount of the hormone, it is better to give preference to various meditations and yoga.

Women's endocrine system largely depends on nutrition. At in large numbers Estrodiol is forbidden to consume legumes, especially soy. Beer is a phyto-hormone, so women should not consume it in large quantities. It is allowed to drink only dry red wine no more than one glass per day.

Knowing the table of norms for the level of estradiol in women by age helps to find out about the approaching menopause, change lifestyle and adjust the intake of certain medications.

Video about the hormone estradiol, its normal levels and ways to normalize

How to increase the level of sex hormones, expert advice:

How to apply hormones and detailed description estrogen:

The female sex hormones estrogens include in their list such an important element as the hormone estradiol, which is formed not only in the female, but also in the male body. It directly forms the female reproductive system and is responsible for the normalization of the physical and mental state.

What is estradiol

The production of estradiol occurs during the period when male hormones processed by the body into women. This process also captures the placenta at the stage of pregnancy. The content of the hormone in the blood is close connection with the menstrual cycle. At the beginning of the cycle, it enters the body in large quantities, and is replaced after ovulation.

Thanks to estradiol, in the female reproductive system, proper development eggs. When the maximum concentration of this hormone occurs, it is removed from the follicle. In addition, estradiol stimulates the growth of cells lining the uterine cavity. When the hormone is released into the body, the woman is at the peak of sexuality. It is at this time that ovulation occurs, and the entire period is considered successful for conceiving a child. The mood of a woman is transmitted to a man. A woman becomes physically resilient, sexually active and especially beautiful. Therefore, estradiol is also known as the beauty hormone.

Its effect promotes the production of serotonin, which provides a strong healthy sleep And good mood. With the help of estradiol in the body is maintained normal level cholesterol levels, blood pressure levels out, vision improves, wrinkles disappear. There comes the activation of all metabolic processes. The hormone serves as the basis for many drugs. They are prescribed by the attending physician if there are hormonal disruptions in the female body.

What is the hormone estradiol responsible for in women?

In the female body, the hormone estradiol performs many functions. As a result, it is widely used as medicinal product in case of any abnormalities such as estrogen deficiency or menopause. The drugs are available in the form of tablets, gels, patches and solutions for injection. These funds are also prescribed as a prophylactic against osteoporosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system before the onset of menopause. These drugs are taken by girls in case of delayed puberty.

Estradiol is used in diseases such as alopecia, which occurs under the influence of hyperandrogenemia, as well as hirsutism, which is affected by an ovarian cyst. It activates the weak tribal activity and effectively treats primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver. This hormone often plays a role emergency contraceptive applied immediately after sexual intercourse. Palliative care also uses estradiol for diseases such as breast or prostate cancer.

Estrogen deficiency involves the duration of taking hormonal drugs for 3 weeks, with a break of 1 week, after which the medicine is taken again. The course of treatment is up to six months, then an examination is required.

Estradiol norm in women

The unit of measure for the content of estradiol is the number of picograms per 1 milliliter of plasma (pg / ml). It should be remembered that the beauty hormone does not have well-defined regulatory indicators. Its amount is closely related to age and individual characteristics female body.

For newly born girls normative indicator has a zero value, at the age of 4 to 6 years it is no more than 22 pg / ml. In adolescent girls, the level of estradiol rises to 25-30 pg / ml. A significant increase occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (57-227), before the onset of ovulation (127-476), in the luteal phase (77-227) and during pregnancy (210-27000). At the onset of menopause, the normative indicator of estradiol again decreases to 19-82 pg / ml.

Decreased estradiol in women

A decrease in the level of the hormone becomes noticeable due to changes in the body, especially when planning a pregnancy. In these cases, the monthly cycle is disturbed, characterized by irregular menstruation or even infertility. The main symptoms of low estradiol are painful menstruation and premenstrual syndrome. The reserve of forces decreases, comes fast fatiguability, headaches, pressure surges. Weight begins to decrease rapidly.

Become noticeable specific features in the form of hair male type. The figure changes: the shoulders become wide, and the hips become narrow. Pregnancy does not occur for a long time. Traumatism is characterized by frequent sprains and fractures. There is a feeling of dryness and burning in the vagina.

A decrease in estradiol levels occurs for a variety of reasons. First of all, it is heredity, the presence concomitant diseases, not healthy lifestyle life and bad habits. Negative influence engage in intense physical activity to perfect figure, as well as unbalanced and malnutrition. A serious reason is the uncontrolled use of drugs, especially antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs that affect the state of the hormonal background. This also includes contraceptives used without a doctor's prescription.

If it is impossible to get pregnant within 1-1.5 years, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist, since the cause of this condition may be low level estradiol. The final diagnosis is established after blood tests and ultrasound reproductive system.

Estradiol is elevated in a woman

There are several reasons high content estradiol in the blood. For example, during pregnancy, high hormone levels are considered normal. Thus, the preservation of the fetus until the onset of childbirth is ensured.

In other cases, an increase in estradiol is pathological character when specialist intervention is required. negative situation occurs under the influence of cysts or tumors of the ovaries, thyroid diseases, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver, obesity, tumors of the mammary glands, as well as uncontrolled intake hormonal, antifungal, anticonvulsant and other drugs.

At high level estrogen in the female body, changes occur in the form of disorders monthly cycle, swelling of the hands and feet, obesity, increased hair loss and acne. The mammary glands become painful, sleep is disturbed and upset.

To eliminate this problem, the intervention of several specialists is necessary - andrologists, gynecologists, endocrinologists and others. Necessary treatment assigned on an individual basis thorough examination and blood test.

Estradiol during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the beauty hormone in the female body significantly exceeds the norm. With the approach of the date of birth, there is an increase in the level of estradiol in the blood plasma. The peak concentration is observed immediately before childbirth and reaches approximately 26960 pg / ml. On the 4-5th day after childbirth, the content of the hormone in the female body gradually decreases.

Large doses of estradiol act on the uterus, preparing it for serious tests for nine months. Together with testosterone, this hormone contributes to full development and bearing a baby. It controls blood circulation in the uterine tissues, ensuring the timely and complete receipt of oxygen and nutrients by the fetus.

Hormone estradiol when to take on which day of the cycle

The concentration of the hormone in the blood is determined by conducting tests. For getting correct result, several rules must be followed.

On the eve of donating blood for the hormone estradiol, it is necessary to exclude any physical activity. Alcohol and smoking are prohibited for 1-2 days. Should not be allowed psychological stress and nervous experiences. Tests are taken on an empty stomach in the morning. On the day of delivery, medications containing estrogens are excluded. More detailed advice should be obtained on an individual basis from the attending physician.