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Ministry of Education of the Omsk Region

Budget professional educational institution Omsk region

"Omsk State College of Management and Professional Technologies" (BPOU OGKUiPT)

Department of Management and Humanities

Coursework

Language and style official documents

Pivina Veronika Andreevna

Introduction

1. Concepts about an official document. Place and role of official document in management

1.1 Official document

2.3 Editing and editing of official documents

2.4 Common mistakes

Conclusions

Application

Introduction

Each of us has to write business texts. When applying for a job, we write applications for employment; many people need to prepare the text of a service letter, draw up an act, draw up a protocol or write a report.

But in order to correctly and quickly compose such a text, it is important to know at least in general terms the features of the language of official documents and the requirements for it. Failure to comply with these requirements, at best, makes it difficult to work with the document, at worst, deprives it of practical and legal significance.

Documentation management activities- the basis of office work and one of the most difficult issues resolved in the process of working with documents. The verbal formulation of decisions and actions plays an important role. Language does not act as a passive fixer of decisions made, but plays an active stimulating role in management activities.

The language of professional communication requires unambiguous interpretation of the main key concepts expressed in terms. This is especially important for documentation support of management: the language of business communication is closely related to the vocabulary of legislative and regulatory acts and relies on it, and inaccurate use of a particular term can have legal consequences.

The variety of language used in a particular sphere of human activity is called a linguistic style.

Style is a functional variety of language. Any information needs a language in which it will be recorded, transmitted and perceived. This complex process can be implemented using special terminology - the main component of any functional style. The language and style of official documentation are subject to the laws of compiling text documents from the point of view of the so-called official business style of speech. This style has its own specific differences from colloquial speech and other styles of literary language (scientific, journalistic, artistic). The style of official business communication between people in different spheres of life: economic, socio-political and cultural has developed under the influence of the need to present facts with extreme accuracy, brevity, specificity and avoid ambiguity.

Based on the above, we can conclude that the research topic is relevant from both theoretical and practical points of view.

The purpose of this work: to identify distinctive features modern language and style of official documents.

1. Study the concept of an official document. Determine the place and role of the official document in management.

2. Give a brief description of the styles of the modern Russian language. Identify the distinctive features of the modern business style of language used to write official documents.

Object: official documents.

Subject: language and style of official documents.

Structure of the work: the first chapter is devoted to consideration of the features of compiling the text of official documents and their functions, as well as establishing the place and role of official documents in management.

The second chapter will examine the styles of the modern Russian language, identifying the distinctive features of the modern business style as a style of language used for writing official documents.

In solving the objectives of the course work, the following research methods were used:

· analysis of research literature;

· comparisons;

· analysis and synthesis;

· systemic;

Practical significance: failure to comply with the language requirements of official documents, at best, can lead to difficulties in working with the document, and at worst, deprives it of practical and legal significance. Therefore, in order not to find yourself in this position, this course work will clarify some practical questions on this topic.

1. The concept of an official document. Place and role of official document in management

1.1 Official document

Consider the definition of an official document:

An official document is an official document that is used in the current activities of an organization. Documents are called official documents because they are drawn up on behalf of the enterprise or institution and signed by their authorized representatives. The official document must use formal business style. This document should be concise, consistent, and accurately present the facts and decisions made.

An official document has a form and elements of content. The form of an official document is a set of elements of its design and content, assessed from the point of view of their composition, volume, sequence of arrangement and mutual connection. Design elements include: name, various addresses, dates, registration numbers, etc.

There is a language for official documents that must meet the following requirements:

1. Compliance with the norms of official business style and modern literary language, primarily those that help express ideas more clearly and fully.

2. As a norm, there are often such language options that are the most appropriate, appropriate and therefore preferable. For example, when choosing options like “provide assistance - help”, “make a mistake - make a mistake”, you need to take into account the traditions of style that are used in this case.

3. The presence of words used in official documents, entrenched in administrative and clerical speech.

4. Use of terms and professionalisms, primarily legal and accounting.

5. Widespread use of complex denominative prepositions expressing standard aspects of content.

6. Limited use of complex syntactic constructions - sentences with participial and participial phrases, with various types of enumerations.

And also official documents have the following mandatory qualities:

Reliability and objectivity;

Accuracy, eliminating double understanding of the text;

Maximum brevity, laconism of formulations;

Legal integrity;

Standardity of language when presenting typical situations of business communication;

Neutral tone of presentation;

Compliance with the norms of official etiquette, which appears in the choice of stable forms of address and genre-appropriate words and phrases, in the construction of phrases and the entire text.

Official documents must be drawn up and executed on the basis of the rules set out in the Unified state system records management (USD).

The main feature of the composition of official documents is that there are uniform requirements and rules for it, which are established by state regulations. Compliance with these rules ensures their legal force, prompt and high-quality preparation and execution of documents, organization of a quick search for documents, as well as more active use of a personal electronic computer (PC) in the preparation of official documents.

Types of official documents:

Service memo (Appendix 1);

Memorandum (Appendix 2);

Application (Appendix 3);

Act (Appendix 4);

Agreement;

Employment agreement;

Order.

The design of all these documents is unified, but in content they can be completely different:

1. By place of compilation: internal (documents coming from other enterprises, organizations and individuals).

3. By form: individual - the content of each document has its own characteristics, screen - part of the document is printed, and part is filled out during preparation, standard - created for a group of homogeneous enterprises (all standard and screen documents are printed typographically or on duplicating machines).

4. By deadlines: urgent, requiring execution within certain period, and not urgent, for which the deadline is not set.

5. By origin: official, affecting the interests of an enterprise, organization, and personal, relating to a specific person and being registered.

6. By type of design: authentic, graphic, photographic and film documents, etc.

Functions of official documents:

Any document is multifunctional, i.e. contains various functions that change their dominant meaning over time. General and special functions are distinguished. General ones are informational, social, communicative, cultural; special - managerial, legal, historical source function, accounting function.

The information function is determined by the need to capture information for the purpose of preservation and transmission and is inherent in all documents without exception. The reason for the appearance of any document is the need to record information about facts, events, phenomena, practical and mental activity. The information contained in the documents can be divided into:

1. Respective (relating to the past).

2. Operational (current).

3. Perspective (relating to the future).

There are other classifications of information. For example, division into primary and secondary; by genre; species; carriers and others.

Each document has information capacity.

Information capacity is characterized by the following indicators: completeness, objectivity, reliability, optimality, relevance of information, its usefulness and novelty. The higher these indicators, the more valuable the document.

The social function is also inherent in many documents, because They are created to meet the various needs of both society as a whole and its individual members. The document itself can also influence social relations them, depending on their purpose and role in a given society, and can not only stimulate their development of social processes, but also inhibit them. The communicative function performs the task of transmitting information in time and space, information communication between members of society. Without the exchange of information, opinions, and ideas, social connections cannot be maintained. There are two categories of documents in which the communicative function is clearly expressed:

1. Documents oriented in one direction (law, decrees, orders, instructions, etc.)

2. Bilateral documents (business and personal correspondence, contractual documents, etc.)

3. Cultural function - the ability of a document to preserve and transmit cultural traditions, aesthetic norms accepted in society (movie, photograph, scientific and technological document, etc.).

4. The management function is performed by official documents that are specially created for the purposes and in the management process (laws, regulations, charters, protocols, decisions, summaries, reports, etc.). These documents play a large role in the information support of management, they are diverse, reflect various levels of decision making.

5. The legal function is inherent in documents that establish changes in legal norms and offenses. We can distinguish two categories of documents endowed with a legal function: those that initially possess it and those that acquire it temporarily. The first group includes all documents establishing, consolidating, changing legal norms and legal relations or terminating their validity, as well as other documents entailing legal consequences. This includes everyone legal acts organs state power(laws, decrees, resolutions, etc.), judicial, prosecutorial, notarial and arbitration acts, all contractual, identification documents (passports, passes, certificates, etc.) and supporting financial documents (invoices, receipt orders, accounting documents) payment requests, etc.) The second category includes documents that temporarily acquire this function, being evidence of any facts in court, investigative authorities and the prosecutor's office, notary office, and arbitration. In principle, any document can be evidence and thereby temporarily have a legal function.

6. The accounting function provides not a qualitative, but a quantitative characteristic of information related to economic, demographic and other social processes for the purpose of their analysis and control. The author of a document, as a rule, endows it with some function, but objectively this document also carries other functions, and over time the relative weight of this or that function changes.

1.2 Place and role of official document in management

In management activities, it is very important to be able to speak written language, which is reflected in official documents. Official documents are officially used in the process of organizing the management of production and service activities. A set of official documents used in a certain field of activity and reflecting its specifics; a system of official documentation. The use of official documentation forms one of the main forms of organizational activity.

The main element of official documentation in managing the activities of almost any organization is a written document that consolidates information by means of written language communication in accordance with the lexical and grammatical norms of the state language, state standards, departmental instructions, as well as established traditions and established procedures for office work in a particular organization .

So, official documents are important element in management activities. For an employee working in the field of office work, it is very important to know the features and functions of official documents. Without knowing the features and functions, the process of drawing up official documents can take a lot of time.

2. Types and brief description styles of modern Russian language. Distinctive features of the modern business style of language used for writing official documents

2.1 Types and brief characteristics of styles of the modern Russian language

Style is a functional variety of language. There are 5 types of styles of modern Russian:

1. Scientific style is a functional style of speech in a literary language, which is characterized by a number of features: pre-thinking of the statement, monologue in nature, strict selection of linguistic means, inclination towards normative speech. The scientific style is characterized by a logical sequence of presentation, an ordered system of communication between parts of the statement, and the authors’ desire for accuracy, conciseness, unambiguity while preserving and richness of content. Logicity is, if possible, the presence of semantic connections between successive units (blocks) of text. Consistency is possessed only by a text in which the conclusions follow from the content, they are consistent, the text is divided into separate semantic segments that reflect the movement of thought from the particular to the general or from the general to the particular. Clarity, as a quality of scientific speech, implies intelligibility and accessibility.

Under scientific style styles:

1) scientific and business;

2) popular science;

3) scientific and technical;

4) educational and scientific;

5) scientific and journalistic.

2. Literary-artistic - the main feature of stylistically artistic speech is the search for the specifics of an artistic text, the creative self-expression of the artist of the word. The features of the language of fiction as a whole are determined by several factors. It is characterized by a broad metaphorical nature, imagery of linguistic units of almost all levels, the use of synonyms of all types, polysemy, and different stylistic layers of vocabulary is observed. The artistic style (compared to other functional styles) has its own laws of word perception. The meaning of a word is largely determined by the author’s goal setting, genre and compositional features of that work of art, of which this word is an element: firstly, it is in the context of this literary work may acquire artistic ambiguity not recorded in dictionaries. Secondly, it retains its connection with the ideological and aesthetic system of this work and is assessed by us as beautiful or ugly, sublime or base, tragic or comic.

Under literary and artistic styles:

1) poetic;

2) prosaic;

3) dramatic.

3. Official - business style is an arsenal of lexical - verbal and grammatical means that help the speaker and writer emphasize the official nature of communication. The choice of a word and its form, the construction of a sentence - all these techniques with the help of which the author of the test not only conveys information, but also signals to the recipient about its importance, about how to react to receiving the message. It covers international relations, jurisprudence, and the military industry.

There are the following styles of formal business style:

1) legislative (it is used in the field of government);

2) administrative and clerical (this is the maintenance of personal business papers of the organization);

3) diplomatic (manifests itself at the international level).

Official business style is used in documents such as:

· Reference

· Explanatory note

· Statement

· Instructions

· Resolution

· Power of attorney

· Legislative act

Many features in the official business style, such as specific vocabulary, phraseology, and syntactic phrases, give it a conservative character. A distinctive feature is the presence of numerous speech standards - clichés.

General features of formal business style:

1) conciseness, economical use of language means;

2) standard arrangement of material;

3) widespread use of terminology;

4) private use of verbal nouns, denominal prepositions;

5) narrative nature of the presentation.

4. Journalistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in genres: article, essay, report, interview, etc.

The journalistic style serves to influence people through the media (newspapers, magazines, posters, booklets). It is characterized by the presence of socio-political vocabulary, logic, emotionality, evaluativeness, appeal.

It widely uses, in addition to neutral, high, solemn vocabulary and phraseology, emotionally charged words, the use of short sentences, chopped prose, verbless phrases, rhetorical questions, exclamations, repetitions and others. The linguistic features of this style are affected by the breadth of the topic: there is a need to include special vocabulary that requires explanation. On the other hand, a number of such topics are in the center of public attention, and vocabulary related to these topics takes on a journalistic connotation. Among such topics, we should highlight politics, economics, education, healthcare, criminology, and military topics.

For journalistic styles:

1) informational;

2) actually journalistic;

3) artistic and journalistic.

Functions of journalistic style:

1) informational - this is the desire to inform people of news as soon as possible;

2) influencing - this is the desire to influence people's opinions.

5. Conversational style is a functional style of speech that serves for informal communication, when the author shares his thoughts or feelings with others, exchanges information on everyday issues in an informal setting. It often uses colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.

In a conversational style, gestures, facial expressions, and the surrounding environment play an important role. Greater freedom in the choice of emotional words and expressions is determined by the relaxed atmosphere of communication.

The form of implementation is dialogue; this style is most often used in oral speech. The conversational style has a generalization function.

2.2 Distinctive features of the modern business style of language used to write official documents

When drafting official documents, the correct choice of words that accurately conveys the meaning of the information plays an important role. The choice of a word and its form, the construction of a sentence - all these are techniques with the help of which the author of the text not only conveys information, but also signals to the addressee about its importance, about how to react to the message received. To do this, you need to remember a few basic vocabulary rules.

It is very important to correctly use terms - words or phrases that name a special concept from any area of ​​human activity. If you doubt that the meanings of the terms you use are clear to the addressee, a decoding should be given in the text. When decoding, you need to use a dictionary (for example: explanatory, terminological, foreign words, etc.). If you do not use your dictionary, the translation may be inaccurate. For example, “the contract provides for force majeure circumstances (namely cases of natural disasters)”

Using terms in business documentation, it is necessary to provide that the term should be clear to both the author and the addressee, and if necessary, the content of the term must be disclosed, which can be done in several ways:

1) decrypt;

2) give an official definition of the term;

3) replace the term with a generally understood word or expression.

The definition of the term must be accurate, clear and complete.

One of the most common diseases of the official style is pleonasm (excess). It lies in the fact that the phrase contains redundant, unnecessary words from the point of view of meaning. For example:

· subtle nuance (the noun “nuance” is derived from the French Nuance - shade, subtle difference);

· force at an accelerated pace (the verb “to force” is derived from the French Forcer - to accelerate the pace of activity);

· in the month of December (December cannot be anything other than a month);

· 375 thousand rubles of money (only money is calculated in rubles);

· price list (the word “price list” has the French root prix - price). But the expression “retail price list” is acceptable;

· the main point(“the essence” is the main thing), etc.

However, some pleonastic phrases have come into use and acquired shades of meaning that justify their existence. For example, “real reality”, “message”, “experience”, clarify their meaning.

Often in service dictionaries there is also a tautology - a repetition of words with the same root within the same phrase. This stylistic error makes the text dissonant and makes it difficult to understand. For example: the benefits of using something; The following factors should be taken into account and addressed to: Such phrases must be replaced by others without loss of meaning: “benefit from using something”, “the following factors must be taken into account”, “directed to the address”.

When preparing a document, it is necessary to remember that not all words are combined with each other in the way that is convenient for us. There are rules of compatibility in language.

You can clarify them using the “Dictionary of Compatibility of Words in the Russian Language”. Some typical combinations of words for business speech:

· order - issued

· official salary - set

reprimand - announced

· censure - issued, etc.

Particular attention should be paid to the combination of “make a difference” and “play a role” and never interchange their components.

When using ambiguous terms, it should be taken into account that in each specific case the term is used only in one of its meanings. If the same concept is denoted by several terms, synonymy of terms arises.

Synonymous terms have different sounds, but the same meaning. For example, the terms “questionnaire” and “questionnaire”. They can be complete or partial. When using synonymous terms, it is important to pay attention to which side or properties of the concept need to be designated and highlighted in the context.

For example, terms such as “agreement”, “contract”, “agreement” differ in usage practice: in labor legislation multilateral transactions are called treaties, etc.

When working with text, you should distinguish between paronyms - related words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning and compatibility. Sometimes replacing a word with a paronym entails significant distortions of meaning. Errors with paronyms are especially common:

Pay - pay (the difference lies in the grammatical compatibility of these verbs: the word “pay” requires a direct object: “to pay for something”; “to pay” requires an indirect object: “to pay for something”).

Compilers of official documents often abuse abbreviations, not taking into account the fact that this may complicate the process of studying the document.

It is difficult to guess that the abbreviation losses means potential losses, that a LU on a BV is a linear accelerator of charged particles on a traveling wave. Such an abbreviation is not acceptable in business writing.

Abbreviation rules:

1. An abbreviation must not be the same in form as an existing word, overlap with a known phrase pattern, or coincide with another abbreviation.

2. The reduction must be reverse, i.e. such that it can always be expanded into the full name of which it is the equivalent. However, this rule does not apply to abbreviations that have already become independent words.

3. Abbreviations must comply with the norms of Russian pronunciation and spelling.

In modern Russian there are three ways to form an abbreviation:

1) according to the first letters of the words included in the abbreviation;

2) according to the initial syllables of the words included in the abbreviation;

3) connecting one or two initial syllables of the first word with full second in a word.

Types of abbreviations:

· initial abbreviations - abbreviations formed from the initial letters of words denoting a concept; they in turn are divided into:

ь Letter: Ministry of Emergency Situations, MP, KB;

ь Sound (sounds are pronounced when reading): GOST, GAI, CHPP;

ь Letter-sound (when reading, it is pronounced by letters, and the other part by sounds): GUVD, LLP.

· syllabic abbreviations - formed from parts, syllables of words;

· partially abbreviated words - formed from part or parts of words and a full word;

· telescopic abbreviations - formed from the beginning and end of the constituent words.

Spelling is no less important when preparing official documents.

Most often, the person composing the document has difficulty writing the names of institutions, organizations, and enterprises. It is necessary to remember that in the names of the highest government, most important international organizations all words are written with a capital letter. For example:

United Nations.

In most names, the first word is capitalized:

Federal Archival Service of Russia.

In the names of Russian territorial-administrative entities, the words edge, region, national district, district are written with lowercase letter.

In compound names of documents and cultural monuments, the first word and all proper names are written with a capital letter:

Constitution of the Russian Federation, St. Isaac's Cathedral, Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

Spelling difficulties are caused by the spelling of names associated with proper names, which is completely natural, since in this section of Russian orthography there is no complete uniformity, and changes are constantly taking place.

2.3 Editing and editing official documents

Editing (this is checking and correcting text) is one of the most important stages of working on a document.

When starting to edit text, it is important to clearly understand what goals are being set for you. Editing can be either purely stylistic or semantic. In the first case, the editor is required, first of all, to have impeccable literacy and a subtle sense of words. In the second - along with this, the fundamental importance of the essence of the issue, the possession of factual material.

Officially, business style has its own specifics. One of the fundamental requirements for the language of official documents is accuracy and unambiguity of statements. And although usually repeating the same word within a short text is considered a stylistic error, it is acceptable if we are talking about repetition of terms. Special vocabulary has a number of features that must be taken into account. The meaning of the term is specific; most often it does not have absolute synonyms and cannot be replaced by another word without changing the essence of the statement. Therefore, it is often necessary to make exceptions for texts rich in terminology and preserve verbal repetitions for the sake of accuracy of meaning.

Important editorial principles:

· keeping the contents of the document unchanged;

· the ability to prove that intervention in the text is necessary;

· integrity and consistency;

· clarity and accuracy,

Editorial functions are considered completed after all doubts have been resolved and only notes intended for making corrections remain in the margins of the document.

There are four main types of editorial changes (Appendix 5);

· Editing - proofreading;

· Editing - processing;

· Editing and reworking.

A document corrected by a qualified editor must:

· Be perfectly literate in terms of spelling and punctuation;

· Have optimal volume;

Be built according to the laws of logic;

2.4 Common mistakes

Errors when using the full and short forms of adjectives. Compilers of official letters should take into account that short forms of adjectives are more commonly used in official business speech.

Drafting the text of official documents is work that involves quite high level language competence. You cannot learn to write documents correctly without knowing the features of the official business style. The modern Russian language has accumulated invaluable experience in the field of written business communication, represented by unified and standard forms.

Conclusion

The following tasks were completed in the course work:

1. The concept of an official document has been studied. The place and role of the official document in management are determined.

2. The types and one-time characteristics of the styles of the modern Russian language are shown. Identify the distinctive features of modern business style as a style of language used for writing official documents.

Thus, the goal of this work - identifying the distinctive features of modern language and style of official documents - has been achieved.

The work draws the following conclusions

Firstly, for an employee working in the field of office work, it is very important to know the features and functions of official documents. Documents must be drawn up and executed on the basis of the rules set out in the Unified State Records Management System (USSD). Official documents constitute a system of official documentation, which forms one of the main forms of organizational activity.

Secondly, drafting documents is a difficult and complex process that takes a lot of working time. Knowing the rules of the modern Russian language and the distinctive features of the official business style of documents, you can significantly reduce the time for their preparation.

Distinctive features of modern business style are:

· competent use of terms - words or phrases naming a special concept from any area of ​​human activity.

· knowledge of the basic rules of grammar, such as the use of the passive and impersonal sentences, the use of participial phrases and others.

· the ability to arrange and present material in such a way as to make it as accessible as possible to the recipient.

official document business language

List of references and sources

1. Federal law dated December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ “On joint stock companies"(as amended and supplemented on June 13, 1996, May 24, 1999).

2. Federal Law of November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ “On Accounting” (as amended on July 23, 1998).

3. Kuznetsov S.L. Office work on a computer. - M.: JSC Business School Intel-Sintez, 1999, 208 p.

4. Kuznetsova T.V. Office work (Documentation support for management). - M.: JSC Business School Intel-Sintez, 1999, 818 p.

5. Dictionary of combinability of words in the Russian language. / Under. Ed. P.N. Denisova, V.V. Morkovkina. M., 1983

6. Drawing up and execution of official documents: A practical guide for commercial firms / T.V. Kuznetsova: JSC "Business School", 1997.

7. Mikhalkina I.V. Compliance with the norms of the Russian language in official business correspondence and official documents // Directory of the secretary and office manager 2012. - No. 4. - P. 61-67.

8. GOST R 51141-98. Record keeping and archiving. Terms and definitions

9. I.N. Kuznetsov. Office work: Educational and reference manual. - M.: "Dashkov and Co", 2007. - 520 p.

10. N. Kushnarenko. Documentation: Textbook. - Kyiv: Knowledge, 2008. - 459 p.

11. N.S. Larkov. Documentation: Textbook. - M.: AST: East - West, 2006. - 427, p.

12. M.Yu. Rogozhin. Office work. Course of lectures: training manual. - M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. - 240 p.

13. K.B. Gelman-Vinogradov. Difficulties in the scientific interpretation of the concept of “document” and ways to overcome them // Domestic archives. 2005. No. 6.

14. A.S. Demushkin. Recognition of document forgeries // Secretary-referent. 2003. No. 4

15. L.N. Mazur. Bureaucratic cycles of Russian statehood in the 18th-20th centuries. and the evolution of the office work system // 16. Office work. 2011. No. 2.

17. V.F. Yankovaya. Original, copy, duplicate // Secretary-referent. 2005. No. 11

Appendix 1

Sample design of a memo

Appendix 2

Sample format for a report

Appendix 3

Sample application form

To the Director of Zhelanie LLC

Stepanov G.N.

Sales Manager

Larionov Vasily Ivanovich

Statement

I ask you to dismiss me from my position at my own request on September 19, 2013.

Larionova

Appendix 4

Sample registration of the act

Appendix 5

Types of editorial changes

Edit type	Brief description
Editing and proofreading	As close as possible to proofreading work. It is a correction of spelling and punctuation errors and typos. Such corrections usually do not require approval from the person signing the document.
Edit-abbreviations	Produced in two main cases: Firstly, when it is necessary to make the document shorter by any means; Secondly, when the text contains redundant information - repetitions and “commonplaces”. The editor is obliged to eliminate from the document well-known facts, truisms, unnecessary introductory words and designs. It is important that the editor is well versed in the material and is able to determine whether the repetition of the same words is justified and whether their replacement with synonyms is acceptable.
Editing - processing	Represents an improvement to the style of the document. Errors and shortcomings associated with the violation of the compatibility of words, failure to distinguish between paronyms, the use of cumbersome constructions, etc. are eliminated.
Editing and reworking	It is used in preparing for printing manuscripts of those authors who have a poor command of the literary language. Editing and reworking is widely used in newspaper editorial offices, especially in letter departments, since materials sent by readers, for various reasons, can be difficult to send to print in the form in which they were received.

Appendix 6

Examples of syntax errors

Type of errors	Characteristic
Errors associated with incorrect word order in a sentence	There are errors in the texts of official letters, indicating that their compilers do not follow the word order in Russian written speech.	The first sentence contains an indication by what time the OJSC completed the order. The second sentence states that the JSC fulfilled the order. The third sentence indicates which JSC completed the order
Violation of the specific use of participial phrases	The participial phrase serves as a means of conveying an action that occurs simultaneously or in connection with another action. Using this circumstance, various ethical issues can be conveyed through the participial phrase.	Wrong: “By studying the problems of urban transport, scientists have obtained interesting results.” Right: “When studying urban transport problems, scientists obtained interesting results”
Incorrect use of prepositions	In official written speech, phrases with a preposition and with dependent nouns in the prepositional case have become widespread.	Wrong: “The plant director noted the importance of the problem posed.” Right: “The director noted the importance of the problem posed.”
Incorrect case agreement	Compilers of official documents often make incorrect case agreement. The most common misuse of a noun is genitive case instead of dative	Wrong: “According to your request...” Right: “According to your request...”

Position 7

Examples of morphological errors

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Systematization of documents at the enterprise. Standard order form and types of orders. Layout of documents into files. Parts of a business letter and their arrangement. Basic requirements for the text of the letter. Drawing up and filling out an application for transfer to another job.

test, added 07/11/2011


Documentation of management activities. Forms of documents, registration of their details. Preparation and execution of main types of documents. Preparation of documents containing trade secrets. Features of working with documents in electronic form.

presentation, added 08/07/2013


General requirements for the texts of official documents. Rules for the use of lexical and graphic abbreviations and compound words in the texts of official documents. Standardization of some accepted species abbreviations, writing dates in business documents.

abstract, added 08/02/2013


The concept of documents, their meaning. Species accounting documents at the enterprise, their classification. Accounting for the formation and use of the depreciation fund. Composition and location of document details. Errors made when preparing documents.

2.3. Language and style of official documents

The language of business communication used in office work is the official business style. Business style is a functional type of language intended for communication in the field of management.

Speech communication in the field of management has a number of specific features explained by the conditions of business communication. Of particular importance in this regard is the fact that the participants in business communication are essentially legal entities– organizations, institutions, enterprises, officials, personnel of the organization. Character and content information links which they can join depend on the organization’s place in the hierarchy of management bodies, its competence, the functional content of its activities and other factors.

The conditions of business communication form the following properties of management information: the official nature of the information; targeting of information; repeatability of information; thematic limitation.

As a result of centuries-old development in the official business style, such linguistic means and methods of expression have been developed that make it possible to most effectively record management information, meeting all the requirements that apply to them.

The official business style is characterized by the use of words only in those meanings that are recognized as the norm of general literary usage, as well as in meanings traditional specifically for business documents, which do not violate their stylistic uniformity and correspond to the general trend of standardization business language.

Vocabulary selection assumes attentive attitude to the lexical meaning of words. Ignorance lexical meaning individual words leads to errors such as: “it is necessary to improve zootechnical and veterinary services for livestock farming” (services for livestock can be improved, but not livestock farming), “costs can be reduced in price” (goods and products can be made cheaper, but not costs).

Not allowed the use of neologisms, even those formed according to traditional models, for example “constructorate”, “reorganization”, as well as words related to colloquial vocabulary, for example “secretary”, “laboratory assistant”.

If you incorrectly choose a word from a number of similar roots that differ in meaning, you can distort the meaning. For example, the words “present” and “provide” are often confused. (the word imagine - has the meaning: to present; to inform; to introduce to someone; to petition for something; to compose; to discover; to mentally imagine; to depict, to show. The word to provide - has the meaning: to put at someone’s disposal; to give the right, the opportunity to do; to carry out something; to allow one to act independently or to leave it unattended.).

The inability to express a thought accurately and concisely leads to the following errors: “in the month of April” (April is a month, and nothing else), “information message” (any message contains information), etc. Repetitions like: “ benefit from use”, “the following facts should be taken into account”, “this phenomenon is fully manifested in the conditions”, etc.).

The texts of official documents are not characterized by the use of figurative phraseology or phrases with reduced stylistic overtones.

Standard figures of speech such as: “in connection with the order of the Government”, “in order to provide financial assistance”, “in connection with the difficult situation that has arisen ...” - are constantly reproduced in official documents, acquire a stable character and in their role are close to phraseological units. In the language of documents, they perform the same function as stable combinations such as “take into account”, “bring to the attention of”. But if the norms are violated due to ignorance of the peculiarities of using a particular phraseological unit, errors occur. For example, the verb “allow” (“to allow”) in the meaning of “to do something, to commit” is usually combined with the words “violation”, “error”, “miscalculation” and some other nouns that characterize negative phenomena, but do not name a specific act.

Use of linguistic formulas. One of the features of business speech is the widespread use language formulas - stable (template, standard) language expressions used unchanged. Their presence in business speech is a consequence of the regulation of official relations, repetition management situations and thematic limitations of business speech.

Language formulas- this is the result of the unification of linguistic means used in similar repetitive situations. In addition to expressing typical content, language formulas are often legally significant components of the text, without which the document does not have sufficient legal force, or are elements that determine its type. For example:

“We guarantee loan repayment in the amount of...... up to.....”;

“We guarantee payment. Our current account......";

“Control over the implementation of...... is entrusted to.......”

Mastery of business style- This is largely the knowledge and ability to use language formulas. By expressing typical content, language formulas ensure accuracy and unambiguous understanding of the text by the addressee, reducing the time for preparing the text and its perception.

The use of words in the same type case forms Oh. The use of the same type of case forms with a noun is usually called “stringing of cases.” Most often, in the texts of documents, sequential subordination of words in the genitive case is used, less often in the instrumental case. For example:

“We offer you options for solutions for the reconstruction (r.p.) of heating and ventilation systems of residential and industrial buildings (r.p.)."

The widespread use of such constructions is explained by the fact that in the presence of fairly common sentences in business speech, the exclusion of prepositions makes the structure of the sentence more transparent and easier to perceive.

Limited use of verbs in personal form. Written business communication is characterized by the non-personal (impersonal) nature of the presentation of the text, i.e. the use of verbs in the 1st and 2nd person forms is limited, and verbs in the 3rd person form are usually used in an indefinitely personal meaning. For example:

“The commission conducted an inspection and found.....”;

“The act was signed by the commission members and approved by management.”

This also explains the predominance of passive constructions over active voice forms, for example:

“The project provides for the construction of a building that meets international standards” (Instead of: “The project provides for ....”);

“Moscow organizations will supply energy equipment” (instead of “Moscow organizations will supply ...”).

Construction of proposals. A feature of business style is the predominant use of simple common sentences, one-part or two-part, having isolated revolutions. For example:

“Having reliable information about the large empty areas of regional subordination available in a number of districts of Saratov, unused due to the corporatization and sharp reduction staffing level collectives, we consider it advisable to use such premises to house the structures of the Saratov OPS by decision of the Government of the Saratov Region.”

Words in literary or colloquial speech have wide compatibility possibilities, but in business style they are, as a rule, limited.

For example:

The limited compatibility of words in business speech contributes to the typification of the content expressed in the text, as if bringing phrases closer to linguistic formulas, which ultimately contributes to the adequacy of the perception of the text of the document.

Constructions with a verbal noun. In business speech, to express action, constructions of a verbal noun with the meaning of action and a semi-nominal verb are extremely actively used instead of a simple verb form.

For example:

“to assist”, not “to assist”;

“to provide assistance”, not “to help”;

“clean up”, not “remove”;

“make repairs”, not “repair”.

This phenomenon is called “predicate splitting.” The content of the document is always a management action aimed at a specific object, and under these conditions, a phrase consisting of a verbal noun and a semi-nominal verb not only names the action (“produce”), but also designates the subject of this action (“repair”), while one the verb (“repair”) means this in a less explicit form.

Abbreviated words. Long words and phrases make them difficult to use, so in oral and written speech, in order to compress speech, abbreviations are used to denote concepts.

There are two main types of abbreviations:

1) lexical abbreviations (abbreviations)– compound words formed by removing part of their constituent letters or by combining parts of words: CIS, OPS, deputy, auto overhaul, etc.;

2) graphic abbreviations– abbreviated word designations used in written speech: mr, dot, zh-d, ex. etc.

Abbreviations function as independent words. Graphic abbreviations are not words; they are used only in writing and when reading are deciphered and read in full.

The following are distinguished: types of abbreviations:

1) initial abbreviations– abbreviations formed from the initial letters of words denoting a concept. They in turn are divided into:

a) alphabetic (letters are pronounced when reading) - Ministry of Emergency Situations, ZhSK, AKB, etc.;

b) sound (sounds are pronounced when reading) - GOST, GAI, TEO, CHPP, DEZ, etc.;

c) letter-sound (when reading, part of the word is pronounced with letters, part with sounds) - Main Department of Internal Affairs, LLP, R&D, etc.;

2) syllabic contractions– formed from parts, syllables of words: deputy chairman, chief accountant, manager, Sarzhilstroy, etc.;

3) partially abbreviated words formed from a part or parts of words and a full word – Moslesopark, Moskollektor, self-financing, repair base.

4) truncation: deputy, manager, special, head;

5) telescopic cuts– formed from the beginning and end of the constituent words: walkie-talkie (ra(di-station), bionics (bio(logy and electrical)

6) mixed abbreviations– VNIITorgmash, SargorBTI, etc.

Syllabic and partially abbreviated abbreviations are written with a capital letter if they denote individual names of organizations, institutions, and enterprises. Generic names are written with a lowercase letter. Initial abbreviations, regardless of whether they are a designation of a proper name or a common noun, are written in capital letters. Sound abbreviations are written in capital letters if they are formed from a proper noun, and in capital letters if they are formed from a common noun.

The first part of mixed type abbreviations, formed partly from initial letters and truncated words, is written in capital letters, the second part - in lowercase letters, and abbreviations formed from truncated words (full words) and from initial letters are written as follows: in the first part, the first letter is capitalized ( if the abbreviation denotes a proper name), the rest are lowercase; if the abbreviation denotes a common noun, all the letters of the first part are lowercase, and the letters of the second part are capitalized.

When using graphic abbreviations, remember that they should not end in a vowel. It is allowed to use only generally accepted graphic abbreviations recorded in state standards and dictionaries.

Graphic abbreviations in the plural are generally not doubled.

It is not allowed to overload the text with graphic abbreviations; it is not recommended to use several graphic abbreviations in a short text.

When including an abbreviation in the text of a document, you should carefully analyze: is such an abbreviation convenient for pronunciation and memorization; does this abbreviation coincide with an existing abbreviation to denote another concept in the same field or with the name of an organization, company, trade name, etc.

Use of uppercase and lowercase letters. In the names of bodies under the President of the Russian Federation, the first word and proper names are written with a capital letter.

All words with a capital letter are written in the names of executive authorities: Government of the Russian Federation; Collegium of the Government of the Russian Federation; Government of the Saratov region, etc.

In the names of ministries, state committees and other central government bodies of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, the first word is written with a capital letter. If a phrase includes proper names or names of other institutions, these proper names and names are written in the same way as when used independently. In the plural or not as a proper name, names of the specified type are written with a lowercase letter: “government”, “ministry”, “state committee”.

Name federal bodies executive power and their abbreviated name must comply with the Order of August 6, 2004 of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1363 and the Government Office of the Russian Federation No. 1001 and drawn up in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1. Name of federal executive authorities.

The names of judicial authorities are usually written as follows:

Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation.

The names of the corresponding bodies and positions of the federal subjects within the Russian Federation are written in a similar way.

In all other cases, the words “court”, “judge”, state arbitrator” are written with a lowercase letter.

In the names of acts of the highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Federation, capital letters are used as follows:

Constitution of the Russian Federation;

Declaration of Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen;

Federative Treaty;

Fundamentals of legislation of the Russian Federation;

Law of the Russian Federation “name of the law”;

Code of the Russian Federation “name of the code”;

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “name of the decree”;

order of the President of the Russian Federation (Government of the Russian Federation).

The names of positions in the system of state power and management of the Russian Federation are written with a capital letter:

President of the Russian Federation;

Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

Chairman Supreme Court Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation;

Minister (name of ministry) of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on (name of committee);

Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The names of positions in the system of representative, executive and judicial power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are written in a similar way.

The following job titles are written with a lowercase letter:

Head of the State Legal Department of the President of the Russian Federation;

boss control department Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

General Director of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation;

First Deputy (Deputy) Minister (name of the ministry) of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Russian Federation Committee on (name of committee);

General Director of the Russian (name) agency;

head of the administration of the Saratov region;

governor (name of region);

mayor (name of city);

Prime Minister of the Moscow Government;

Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

Member of the Board of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.

Managers' job titles public organizations are written with a lowercase letter.

Names such as: Hero of the Russian Federation, Hero are written with a capital letter, in quotation marks. Soviet Union, Honorary titles of the Russian Federation.

In a special stylistic use and with a capital letter, the words “Motherland”, “Fatherland”, “Man”, “Fatherland”, etc. are written.

In official and business correspondence, it is recommended to use the full and, as an exception, abbreviated names of central executive authorities. The selected version of the full or abbreviated spelling of the name of the central bodies of the federal executive power should be used throughout the document.

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Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-1.jpg" alt="> LANGUAGE AND STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS">!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-2.jpg" alt=">event HOW TO CONVEY the holiday?"> событие КАК праздник ПЕРЕДАТЬ? ЗАФИКСИРОВАТЬ? открытие Прогноз погоды ВОСПРИНЯТЬ? ЛЮБАЯ средством ИНФОРМАЦИЯ взаимодействия Дата прибытия является встреча теплохода ЯЗЫК!!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-3.jpg" alt="> Style is a feature of language, manifested in selection, combination and organization"> Стиль – это особенность языка, проявляющаяся в отборе, сочетании и организации языковых средств связи с задачами общения. В соответствиями с функциями языка можно выделить !} the following types styles: q Journalistic; q Scientific; q Fiction and literature; q Colloquial and everyday; q Official business.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-4.jpg" alt="> Journalistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in the genres of article,"> Публицистический стиль - функциональный стиль речи, который используется в жанрах статья, очерк, репортаж, фельетон, интервью, памфлет, ораторская речь. Служит для воздействия на людей через СМИ (газеты, журналы, телевидение, афиши, буклеты). От слова ПУБЛИЧНЫЙ В нём широко используется, помимо нейтральной, высокая, торжественная лексика и фразеология.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-5.jpg" alt=">Scientific style is a style that serves the scientific sphere of public activity. He"> Научный стиль - это стиль, который обслуживает научную сферу общественной деятельности. Он предназначен для передачи !} scientific information in a prepared and interested audience.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-6.jpg" alt=">Artistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in fiction. "> Artistic style is a functional style of speech that is used in fiction. In this style, it affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the wealth of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, and is characterized by imagery and emotionality of speech.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-7.jpg" alt=">Conversational style is a style that serves the sphere of oral communication or oral communications."> Разговорный стиль – это стиль, который обслуживает сферу устного общения или устной коммуникации. Разговорный стиль (разговорная речь) используется в широкой сфере личных, т. е. неофициальных, внеслужебных отношений. Этот стиль чаще называют разговорно-обиходным.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-9.jpg" alt="> It would be wrong and unfair to call the official business style clerical .This is a whole"> Официально-деловой стиль было бы неверно и несправедливо, неточно называть канцелярским. Это целая разновидность русского литературного языка. И это стиль целесообразный, имеющий свои средства выражения, способы называния предметов и явлений, и даже по-своему выразительный.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-10.jpg" alt="> "> "With today“I’m on vacation” statement Please consider me to be on vacation from June 15, 2013. The meaning is the same, but what about the style of presentation?

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-11.jpg" alt=">The origin of Russian official business speech begins in the 10th century, with era of Kievan Rus,"> Зарождение русской официально-деловой речи начинается с Х в. , с эпохи Киевской Руси, и связано оформлением договоров между !} Kievan Rus and Byzantium.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-12.jpg" alt=">The most important monument of ancient Russian law -"> Важнейший памятник древнерусского права - " Русская правда ", сборник законодательных установлений древнерусского государства. Язык договоров и других документов был именно тем языком, из которого позднее выработался литературный язык.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-13.jpg" alt=">In Muscovite Rus' there were two parallel book languages: Church Slavonic and business language orders"> В Московской Руси было два параллельных книжных языка: церковнославянский и деловой язык приказов т. е. учреждений, ведавших !} separate industry management or a separate territory. During the XV-XVI centuries. Muscovite Rus' used these two languages ​​depending on the genre of speech.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-14.jpg" alt="> As a result of a long process of their interaction, by the end of the 17th century - the beginning"> В результате длительного процесса их взаимодействия к концу XVII - началу XVIII в. общегосударственный приказный язык становится общим языком письменности Московской Руси, из которого впоследствии и сформировался современный русский литературный язык.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-15.jpg" alt=">The formal business style serves purely official and extremely important areas of human relationships .Two features"> Официально-деловой стиль обслуживает сугубо официальные и чрезвычайно важные сферы человеческих взаимоотношений. Две особенности официально-делового стиля: q Выражаемое официально-деловым стилем содержание, учитывая его огромную важность, должно исключать всякую двусмысленность, всякие разночтения. q Официально-деловой стиль характеризуется определенным более или менее ограниченным кругом тем. Фактически от рождения и до смерти человек находится в сфере действия официально-деловой речи.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-16.jpg" alt=">These features contributed to the consolidation of traditional established means of linguistic expression and the development certain"> Эти особенности способствовали закреплению в нем традиционных устоявшихся средств языкового выражения и выработке определенных форм и приемов построения речи. Официально-деловой стиль характеризуется: q высокой регламентированностью речи (определенный запас средств выражения и способов их построения); q официальностью (строгость изложения; слова употребляются обычно в своих прямых значениях, образность, как правило, отсутствует, тропы очень редки); q безличностью (официально-деловая речь избегает конкретного и личного).!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-17.jpg" alt=">The ODS is characterized by a special form of etiquette (Dear Igor Sergeevich!). For example, substitutes"> Для ОДС характерна специальная форма этикета (Уважаемый Игорь Сергеевич!). Например, вместоимения Я принято применять пассивную конструкцию: я сделал - мною проделана. Основными особенностями ОДС являются: Ø Доказательность (достоверные факты) Ø Объективность Ø Информативность Ø Логичность Ø Стандартное размещение материала Ø Отсутствие эмоций!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-18.jpg" alt=">If we talk about speech genres, about the structure of the official business style, then he"> Если говорить о речевых жанрах, о структуре официально-делового стиля, то он подразделяется на две разновидности, два подстиля: q официально-документальный; q обиходно-деловой.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-19.jpg" alt="> The language of diplomacy has its own system of terms (international terms). Rules of diplomatic politeness"> Язык дипломатии имеет свою систему терминов (международные термины). Правила дипломатической вежливости выработали определенные формы начала и особенно концовок различного рода дипломатических приемов. Язык законов - это официальный язык, язык государственной власти, на котором она говорит с населением. Язык законов требует прежде всего точности. Здесь недопустимы какие-либо двусмысленности, инотолкование. Главное - конкретность выражения мысли.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-20.jpg" alt="> Official correspondence, or industrial correspondence, refers to the everyday business variety"> Служебная переписка, или промышленная корреспонденция, относится к обиходно-деловой разновидности официально-делового стиля. Язык деловых писем, вообще служебных документов специфичен. Норма делового письма - краткость и точность. Многословие, языковые излишества - самый большой стилистический недостаток языка деловой переписки.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-21.jpg" alt="> Business papers, which include: application, autobiography, receipt, power of attorney,"> Деловые бумаги, к которым относятся: заявление, автобиография, расписка, доверенность, счет, почтовый перевод, справка, удостоверение, докладная записка, протокол, резолюция, письменный отчет о работе и т. д. , следует писать коротко и ясно.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-22.jpg" alt=">Official business speech is one of the most important styles of the Russian literary language, playing a big role"> Официально-деловая речь - один из важнейших стилей русского литературного языка, играющего большую роль в жизни общества. Он строг, официален и по-своему выразителен.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-23.jpg" alt=">Logical construction of a sentence – characteristic feature syntax of an official document Rules for the arrangement of words in "> Logical construction of a sentence is a characteristic feature of the syntax of an official document Rules for the arrangement of words in a sentence: 1. Direct word order, BUT when the semantic load falls on the action, the reverse word order is used. The transition to economic calculation helped to increase discipline. .

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-24.jpg" alt=">2. Arrangement of words according to informative significance - informational role of the word"> 2. Расположение слов по информативной значимости - информационная роль слова или словосочетаний возрастает к концу предложения Студенты колледжа помогали взрослым во время каникул в работе по благоустройству парка. Во время каникул студенты колледжа помогали взрослым в работе по благоустройству парка.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-25.jpg" alt=">Based on the customer’s letter, the unfinished scope of work on the production of a prototype is transferred to second"> На основании письма заказчика незавершенный объем работ по изготовлению опытного образца переносится на второй квартал 2016 года (указание срока изготовления опытного образца) На второй квартал 2016 года незавершенный объем работ по изготовлению опытного образца переносится на основании письма заказчика (обоснование причины переноса срока сдачи заказа)!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-26.jpg" alt=">3. Location of definitions Ø Agreed definitions are placed before the word being defined, and inconsistent - after"> 3. Расположение определений Ø Согласованные определения ставятся перед определяемым словом, а несогласованные - после него. соглас. опред. определяющее слово служебная командировка, основное внимание, несоглас опред. вопрос !} important

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-27.jpg" alt=">4. Arrangement of adverbials - adverbials of degree are placed before the adjective, and complements after"> 4. Расположение обстоятельств - обстоятельства степени ставят перед прилагательным, а дополнения после него Исключительно интересный проект, крайне нежелательный эффект 5. Расположение числительных - существительное следует за числительным десять дней, пять человек, две бригады. Но в таблице: количество штатных единиц - 75.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-28.jpg" alt=">The style of official documents is characterized by the use of stable phrases Ø Archive - process, hand over"> Для стиля служебных документов характерно употребление устойчивых словосочетаний Ø Архив - обрабатывать, сдавать в, создавать; Ø Вакансия – замещать, иметь; Ø Совещание – готовить, вести, закрывать, открывать, переносить, приглашать на, проводить, устраивать. Ø приказ – издавать, Ø контроль - возлагается на какое-либо лицо или осуществляется, Ø должностные оклады – устанавливаются, выговор – объявляется, Ø порицание – выносится и т. д.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-29.jpg" alt=">Use of split predicates: Business speech Colloquial speech provide assistance"> Использование расщепленных сказуемых: Деловая речь Разговорная речь оказать помощь помочь осуществить ремонт отремонтировать провести расследование расследовать обеспечить контроль проконтролировать допустить ошибку ошибиться оказать содействие содействовать!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-30.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing the motives for creating the document Ø In confirmation of our agreement."> Языковые формулы выражающие мотивы создания документа Ø В подтверждение нашей договоренности. . . Ø В соответствии с ранее достигнутой договоренностью (направляем, сообщаем). . . Ø В соответствии с письмом заказчика. . . Ø В порядке оказания помощи прошу Вас. . . Ø В ответ на Ваш запрос сообщаем. . . Ø Ссылаясь на Ваш запрос от. . . Ø Согласно постановлению правительства. . . Ø На основании нашего телефонного разговора. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-31.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing the reasons for creating the document Ø Due to the delay"> Языковые формулы, выражающие причины создания документа Ø Ввиду задержки получения груза. . . Ø По причине задержки оплаты. . . Ø В связи с чрезвычайными финансовыми трудностями. . . Ø В связи с нарушением срока поставки. . . Ø Учитывая, что цены на энергоносители увеличились на. . . Ø Учитывая увеличение спроса на продукцию. . . Ø Ввиду особых обстоятельств. . . Ø В связи с завершением работ по. . . Ø В связи с проведением совместных работ. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-32.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing the purpose of creating a document Ø For exchange purposes"> Языковые формулы, выражающие цель создания документа Ø В целях обмена опытом направляем в Ваш адрес. . . Ø В целях увеличения товарооборота. . . Ø В целях упорядочения работы структурных подразделений института Ø В целях расширения спектра образовательной деятельности университета. . . Ø Во исполнение постановления Ученого совета университета. . . Ø Во избежание конфликтных ситуаций Ø Для согласования !} controversial issues

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-33.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing requests, demands, orders Ø Please consider the possibility ."> Языковые формулы, выражающие просьбы, требования, распоряжения Ø Прошу рассмотреть возможность. . . Ø Прошу изыскать для нужд организации. . . Ø Обращаемся к Вам с просьбой. . . Ø Прошу Вас направить в мой адрес. . . Ø Убедительно прошу решить вопрос о. . . Ø Настаиваем на соблюдении всех условий настоящего договора. . . Ø Приказываю создать комиссию в составе. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-34.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing a reminder, warning Ø We remind you that the deadline"> Языковые формулы, выражающие напоминание, предупреждение Ø Напоминаем Вам, что срок соглашения истекает. . . Ø Напоминаем, что по плану совместных работ Вы должны. . . Ø Организация уведомляет Вас о том, что. . . Ø Считаем необходимым еще раз напомнить Вам о том, что. . . Ø Организация сохраняет за собой право в одностороннем порядке приостановить действие договора о. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-35.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing an offer or refusal of an offer: Ø"> Языковые формулы, выражающие предложение или отказ от предложения: Ø По Вашей просьбе предоставляем Вам обзор рынка товаров нашей фирмы. . . Ø В ответ на Ваш запрос на. . . мы предлагаем Вам. . . Ø Наша компания рассматривает возможность сотрудничества с Вами и продвижения продукции Вашей фирмы на рынок. . . региона. . . Ø Благодарим Вас за просьбу дать предложение на отгрузку товара в Ваш адрес. . Ø Просим Вас принять заказ на 20 -футовый контейнер из. . . на условиях. . . Ø Подтверждая получение Вашего запроса, мы можем поставить Вам. . . Ø К сожалению, удовлетворить Вашу просьбу не представляется возможным, поскольку. . . Ø Мы не можем предоставить интересующую Вас информацию, так как!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-36.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing order, order Ø Appoint to the position of chief"> Языковые формулы, выражающие распоряжение, приказ Ø Назначить на должность начальника отдела легкой промышленности. . . Ø Обязать руководителей всех подразделений… Ø Контроль за исполнением настоящей директивы возложить на. . . Ø Назначить расследование по факту. . . Ø Изыскать дополнительные возможности для. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-37.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing a message, notification Ø We inform you that."> Языковые формулы, выражающие сообщение, уведомление Ø Сообщаем, что. . . Ø Извещаем Вас о том, что. . . Ø Ставим Вас в известность о том, что. . . Ø Считаем необходимым поставить Вас в известность о. . . Ø Докладываю о. . . Ø Довожу до Вашего сведения, что. . . Ø Организация извещает о. . . Ø Нам приятно сообщить (Вам), что. . . Ø Сообщаем к Вашему сведению, что. . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-38.jpg" alt="> Language formulas expressing promises, guarantees Ø We guarantee that."> Языковые формулы, выражающие обещание, гарантии Ø Гарантируем, что. . . Ø Безопасность гарантируется. . . Ø Конфиденциальность информации обеспечена. . . Ø Выявленные недостатки будут устранены в кратчайшие сроки. . . Ø Просим выслать в наш адрес наложенным платежом (вид гарантии). . .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-39.jpg" alt=">Common mistakes Ø Tautology Ø Pleonasms Ø Paronymous words"> Распространенные ошибки Ø Тавтология Ø Плеоназмы Ø Слова-паронимы Ø Разговорные и устаревшие слова, архаизмы.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-40.jpg" alt="> Tautology is a semantic repetition that occurs in cases where proposal"> Тавтология - смысловой повтор, который возникает в тех случаях, когда в предложении соседствуют однокоренные слова Ø адресовать в адрес Ø следует отметить следующее Ø май месяц Ø пять человек детей Ø польза от использования навесных агрегатов Ø следует учитывать следующие факторы Ø данное явление полностью проявляется в условиях!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-41.jpg" alt="> Pleonasms - partial coincidence of the meaning of words forming the phrase Ø memorable souvenir"> Плеоназмы – частичное совпадение значения слов, образующих словосочетание Ø памятный сувенир (сувенир - подарок на память) Ø передовой авангард (авангард - те, кто идет впереди) Ø совместное сотрудничество (сотрудничество - !} collaboration, joint problem solving) Ø “industrial industry” (the word “industry” already contains the concept “industrial”); Ø “to speed up construction at an accelerated pace” (to speed up - to carry out at an accelerated pace); Ø “to suffer a complete fiasco” (a fiasco is a complete defeat).

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-42.jpg" alt="> Paronymous words are related words that are close in sound Ø guarantee"> Слова-паронимы – близкие по звучанию родственные слова Ø гарантийный – гарантированный; Ø поместить – разместить Ø оплатить – заплатить!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/160484274_437278262.pdf-img/160484274_437278262.pdf-43.jpg" alt=">Colloquial and obsolete words, archaisms Clerk, institution">!}

Language and style various types documents.

Records management specialists distinguish different types and types of documents.

By addressing factor – internal and external business correspondence. The documents exchanged between the parties are called official letters.

By field of human activity: managerial, scientific, technical, production, financial, etc.

Based on availability: open, restricted and confidential.

By due date: urgent, minor, final, periodic.

According to the criterion of primacy: original and copy.

According to the form of dispatch: for postal correspondence, electronic correspondence, fax.

There is a single rule for all documents: compliance with the rules of execution in accordance with existing GOSTs and standards.

We will look at the documents that you may need now.

Reference– a document containing the requested information or confirmation of any facts and events. The name of the document is written in the center of the sheet in capital letters. The main text is presented using standard models: “Given (full name) that ...”, the interval below informs the organization for which the certificate is issued or the phrase “The certificate is given at the place of request.” Below is the signature, including the position, the personal signature of the person who issued the certificate. The signature is certified by the seal of the organization.

Statement– an internal official document intended to bring narrowly focused information to the attention of an official.

To the Dean of the SPF

prof. Spirina V.I.

1st year students name,

living at the address:...,

Statement.

Please excuse me from classes from April 1 to April 10 to travel home for family reasons.

Date ____________Signature

A power of attorney is a document that gives authority to its bearer to perform any actions on behalf of the principal.

Power of attorney

I, full name, passport details: _______, living at the address: ________, trust the full name, passport details: _______, living at the address: ________, receive a scholarship for October 2006.

Date ____________Signature

IN lately Documents of an informational and advertising nature have become widespread: product offers, messages to potential consumers about the types of goods produced, resumes.

The requirements for these documents are different than for regulated business papers. They must be memorable and arouse commercial interest, so they use linguistic means of expression.

Please note resume – the word came from French and meant “short conclusion”, for example, on documents: “I agree”, “I don’t object”. Recently, the term has come to mean: “A brief written summary of biographical data characterizing educational training, profession, personal qualities of a person applying for a particular job or position.”

A resume resembles a questionnaire, but you can approach it creatively, because... There are no hard and fast rules. The main task is to present yourself as advantageously as possible, precisely the information that is important to relate to the chosen job: education, work experience, personal qualities, and characteristics of additional skills. For example, if you want to become an advertising agent, then their professional qualities are the ability to communicate with people, resourcefulness, knowledge of the basics of the psyche; If the vacancy is a primary school teacher, then the necessary qualities are love for children, responsiveness, kindness, patience...

Typical resumes include:

· personal data (full name, date and place of birth, marital status);

· address and telephone number for contact;

· name of the vacancy;

· main text: list of places of study, work in chronological order indicating the official name of the organization, time of study or work, name of the position held;

· additional information: freelance work experience, social activities, professional retraining;

· other information: related knowledge and skills: foreign language, travel abroad, computer skills, driving...;

· interests, inclinations related to the intended professional activity;

· other supporting information (at the discretion of the applicant);

· date and signature.

When formatting, the following is taken into account: the word “resume” is not written. It is better to write the surname in block letters for better legibility. This is where paperwork begins. Further in the middle - full name, at the left border of the sheet: home address, phone number; on the right is the address and name of the organization in which the applicant studied or worked, and the office telephone number. Under this data, the name of the vacancy is given exactly as given in the source, followed by information about the applicant.

ANTONOVA Bella Mikhailovna

born in Armavir on July 30, 1980.

House. address: Institute address:

Tel.: Work. tel.:

Primary school teacher.

Information about education and work experience – ASPU, 3rd year, socio-pedagogical faculty, OZO student.

She completed cutting and sewing courses at the Polet studio in 2003.

She led the “Skillful Hands” circle at the Moscow Secondary School No. 23 from 2003-2006.

Add. intelligence:

· Participated in the conference “Children are our future” (Armavir, 2005)

· Completed an internship at...

· Completed advanced training courses.

Other information:

· I read and translate from English with a dictionary.

· I have advanced computer skills.

· I have a driver's license to drive a category C motor vehicle (I do not have a personal car).

Interests: I am interested in theater, sewing for puppet theaters...

Additional information: open-minded, sociable by nature, love children...

Date ______________Signature

Question 5: The concept of “speech etiquette”

Speech etiquette call a system of requirements (rules, norms) that explain to us how to establish, maintain and break contact with another person in a certain situation. The norms of speech etiquette are very diverse; each country has its own peculiarities of communication culture.

Compliance with the rules of speech etiquette will help you correctly convey your thoughts to your interlocutor and quickly achieve mutual understanding with him.

Mastering the etiquette of verbal communication requires acquiring knowledge in the field of various humanitarian disciplines: linguistics, psychology, cultural history and many others. To more successfully master communication culture skills, they use such a concept as speech etiquette formulas.

Basic formulas of speech etiquette are learned at an early age, when parents teach their child to say hello, say thank you, and ask for forgiveness for mischief. With age, a person learns more and more subtleties in communication, masters different styles of speech and behavior. The ability to correctly assess a situation, start and maintain a conversation with a stranger, and competently express one’s thoughts distinguishes a person of high culture, education and intelligence.

Speech etiquette formulas - these are certain words, phrases and set expressions, used for three stages of conversation:

starting a conversation (greeting/introduction)

main part

final part of the conversation

Submitting your good work to the knowledge base is easy. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Language and style of official documents

The language of business communication used in office work is the official business style. Business style is a functional type of language intended for communication in the field of management.

Speech communication in the field of management has a number of specific features explained by the conditions of business communication. Of particular importance in this regard is the fact that the participants in business communication are essentially legal entities - organizations, institutions, enterprises, officials, personnel of the organization. The nature and content of the information connections into which they can enter depend on the organization’s place in the hierarchy of management bodies, its competence, the functional content of its activities and other factors.

The conditions of business communication form the following properties of management information: the official nature of the information; targeting of information; repeatability of information; thematic limitation.

As a result of centuries-old development in the official business style, such linguistic means and methods of expression have been developed that make it possible to most effectively record management information, meeting all the requirements placed on them.

The official business style is characterized by the use of words only in those meanings that are recognized as the norm of general literary usage, as well as in meanings traditional specifically for business documents, which do not violate their stylistic uniformity and correspond to the general trend of standardization of business language.

The selection of vocabulary requires careful attention to the lexical meaning of words. Ignorance of the lexical meaning of individual words leads to errors such as: “it is necessary to improve zootechnical and veterinary services for livestock farming” (you can improve livestock services, but not livestock farming), “reduce the cost of production” (you can reduce the price of goods and products, but not the cost).

The use of neologisms, even those formed according to traditional models, such as “constructorate”, “reorganization”, as well as words related to colloquial vocabulary, such as “secretary”, “laboratory assistant”, is not allowed.

If you incorrectly choose a word from a number of similar roots that differ in meaning, you can distort the meaning. For example, the words “present” and “provide” are often confused. (the word imagine - has the meaning: to present; to inform; to introduce to someone; to petition for something; to compose; to discover; to mentally imagine; to depict, to show. The word to provide - has the meaning: to put at someone’s disposal; to give the right, the opportunity to do; to carry out something; to allow one to act independently or to leave it unattended.).

The inability to express a thought accurately and concisely leads to the following errors: “in the month of April” (April is a month, and nothing else), “information message” (any message contains information), etc. Repetitions like: “ benefit from use”, “the following facts should be taken into account”, “this phenomenon is fully manifested in the conditions”, etc.).

The texts of official documents are not characterized by the use of figurative phraseology or phrases with reduced stylistic overtones.

Standard figures of speech such as: “in connection with the order of the Government”, “in order to provide financial assistance”, “in connection with the difficult situation that has arisen ...” - are constantly reproduced in official documents, acquire a stable character and in their role are close to phraseological units. In the language of documents, they perform the same function as stable combinations such as “take into account”, “bring to the attention of”. But if the norms are violated due to ignorance of the peculiarities of using a particular phraseological unit, errors occur. For example, the verb “allow” (“to allow”) in the meaning of “to do something, to commit” is usually combined with the words “violation”, “error”, “miscalculation” and some other nouns that characterize negative phenomena, but do not name a specific act.

Use of linguistic formulas. One of the features of business speech

Widespread use of language formulas - stable (template, standard) language expressions used unchanged. Their presence in business speech is a consequence of the regulation of official relations, the repetition of managerial situations and the thematic limitations of business speech.

Linguistic formulas are the result of the unification of linguistic means used in similar repetitive situations. In addition to expressing typical content, language formulas are often legally significant components of the text, without which the document does not have sufficient legal force, or are elements that determine its type. For example:

“We guarantee loan repayment in the amount of...... up to.....”;

“We guarantee payment. Our current account......";

“Control over the implementation of...... is entrusted to.......”

Proficiency in business style is, to a large extent, knowledge and ability to use language formulas. By expressing typical content, language formulas ensure accuracy and unambiguous understanding of the text by the addressee, reducing the time for preparing the text and its perception.

The use of words in the same type of case forms. The use of the same type of case forms with a noun is usually called “stringing of cases.” Most often, in the texts of documents, sequential subordination of words in the genitive case is used, less often in the instrumental case. For example:

“We offer you options for solutions for the reconstruction (r.p.) of heating and ventilation systems of residential and industrial buildings (r.p.)."

The widespread use of such constructions is explained by the fact that in the presence of fairly common sentences in business speech, the exclusion of prepositions makes the structure of the sentence more transparent and easier to perceive.

Limited use of verbs in personal form. Written business communication is characterized by the non-personal (impersonal) nature of the presentation of the text, i.e. the use of verbs in the 1st and 2nd person forms is limited, and verbs in the 3rd person form are usually used in an indefinitely personal meaning. For example:

“The commission conducted an inspection and found.....”;

“The act was signed by the commission members and approved by management.”

This also explains the predominance of passive constructions over active voice forms, for example:

“The project provides for the construction of a building that meets international standards” (Instead of: “The project provides for ....”);

“Moscow organizations will supply energy equipment” (instead of “Moscow organizations will supply ...”).

Construction of proposals. A feature of business style is the predominant use of simple common sentences, one-part or two-part, with separate phrases. For example:

“Having reliable information about the large-sized empty areas of regional subordination available in a number of districts of Saratov, unused due to corporatization and a sharp reduction in staffing levels, we consider it advisable to use such premises to house the structures of the Saratov OPS by decision of the Government of the Saratov Region.”

Words in literary or colloquial speech have wide compatibility possibilities, but in business style they are, as a rule, limited.

For example:

The limited compatibility of words in business speech contributes to the typification of the content expressed in the text, as if bringing phrases closer to linguistic formulas, which ultimately contributes to the adequacy of the perception of the text of the document.

Constructions with a verbal noun. In business speech, to express action, constructions of a verbal noun with the meaning of action and a semi-nominal verb are extremely actively used instead of a simple verb form.

For example:

“to assist”, not “to assist”;

“to provide assistance”, not “to help”;

“clean up”, not “remove”;

“make repairs”, not “repair”.

This phenomenon is called “predicate splitting.” The content of the document is always a management action aimed at a specific object, and under these conditions, a phrase consisting of a verbal noun and a semi-nominal verb not only names the action (“produce”), but also designates the subject of this action (“repair”), while one the verb (“repair”) means this in a less explicit form.

Abbreviated words. Long words and phrases make them difficult to use, so in oral and written speech, in order to compress speech, abbreviations are used to denote concepts.

There are two main types of abbreviations:

1) lexical abbreviations (abbreviations) - compound words formed by removing part of their constituent letters or by combining parts of words: CIS, OPS, deputy, auto overhaul, etc.;

2) graphic abbreviations - abbreviated designations of words used in written speech: mr, dot, zh-d, ex. etc.

Abbreviations function as independent words. Graphic abbreviations are not words; they are used only in writing and when reading are deciphered and read in full.

The following types of abbreviations are distinguished:

1) initial abbreviations - abbreviations formed from the initial letters of words denoting a concept. They in turn are divided into:

a) alphabetic (letters are pronounced when reading) - Ministry of Emergency Situations, ZhSK, AKB, etc.;

b) sound (sounds are pronounced when reading) - GOST, GAI, TEO, CHPP, DEZ, etc.;

c) letter-sound (when reading, part of the word is pronounced with letters, part with sounds) - Main Department of Internal Affairs, LLP, R&D, etc.;

2) syllabic abbreviations - formed from parts, syllables of words: deputy chairman, chief accountant, manager, Sarzhilstroy, etc.;

3) partially abbreviated words formed from part or parts of words and the full word - Moslesopark, Moskollektor, self-financing, repair base.

4) truncations: deputy, manager, special, chairman;

5) telescopic abbreviations - formed from the beginning and end of the constituent words: walkie-talkie (ra(dis-station), bionics (bio(logy and electrical)

6) mixed type abbreviations - VNIITorgmash, SargorBTI, etc.

Syllabic and partially abbreviated abbreviations are written with a capital letter if they denote individual names of organizations, institutions, and enterprises. Generic names are written with a lowercase letter. Initial abbreviations, regardless of whether they represent a proper name or a common noun, are written in capital letters. Sound abbreviations are written in capital letters if they are formed from a proper noun, and in capital letters if they are formed from a common noun.

The first part of mixed type abbreviations, formed partly from initial letters and truncated words, is written in capital letters, the second part - in lowercase letters, and abbreviations formed from truncated words (full words) and from initial letters are written as follows: in the first part, the first letter is capitalized ( if the abbreviation denotes a proper name), the rest are lowercase; if the abbreviation denotes a common noun, all the letters of the first part are lowercase, and the letters of the second part are uppercase.

When using graphic abbreviations, remember that they should not end in a vowel. It is allowed to use only generally accepted graphic abbreviations recorded in state standards and dictionaries.

Graphic abbreviations in the plural are generally not doubled.

It is not allowed to overload the text with graphic abbreviations; it is not recommended to use several graphic abbreviations in a short text.

When including an abbreviation in the text of a document, you should carefully analyze: is such an abbreviation convenient for pronunciation and memorization; does this abbreviation coincide with an existing abbreviation to denote another concept in the same field or with the name of an organization, company, trade name, etc.

Use of uppercase and lowercase letters. In the names of bodies under the President of the Russian Federation, the first word and proper names are written with a capital letter.

All words with a capital letter are written in the names of executive authorities: Government of the Russian Federation; Collegium of the Government of the Russian Federation; Government of the Saratov region, etc.

In the names of ministries, state committees and other central government bodies of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, the first word is written with a capital letter. If a phrase includes proper names or names of other institutions, these proper names and names are written in the same way as when used independently. In the plural or not as a proper name, names of the specified type are written with a lowercase letter: “government”, “ministry”, “state committee”.

The name of the federal executive authorities and their abbreviated name must comply with the Order dated August 6, 2004 of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1363 and the Government Office of the Russian Federation No. 1001 and drawn up in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1. Name of federal executive authorities

The names of judicial authorities are usually written as follows:

Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation.

The names of the corresponding bodies and positions of the federal subjects within the Russian Federation are written in a similar way.

In all other cases, the words “court”, “judge”, state arbitrator” are written with a lowercase letter.

In the names of acts of the highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Federation, capital letters are used as follows:

Constitution of the Russian Federation;

Declaration of Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen;

Federative Treaty;

Fundamentals of legislation of the Russian Federation;

Law of the Russian Federation “name of the law”;

Code of the Russian Federation “name of the code”;

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “name of the decree”;

order of the President of the Russian Federation (Government of the Russian Federation).

The names of positions in the system of state power and management of the Russian Federation are written with a capital letter:

President of the Russian Federation;

Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation;

Minister (name of ministry) of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on (name of committee);

Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The names of positions in the system of representative, executive and judicial power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are written in a similar way.

The following job titles are written with a lowercase letter:

Head of the State Legal Department of the President of the Russian Federation;

Head of the Control Department of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

General Director of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation;

First Deputy (Deputy) Minister (name of the ministry) of the Russian Federation;

Chairman of the Russian Federation Committee on (name of committee);

General Director of the Russian (name) agency;

head of the administration of the Saratov region;

governor (name of region);

mayor (name of city);

Prime Minister of the Moscow Government;

Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

Member of the Board of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.

The job titles of heads of public organizations are written with a lowercase letter.

Names such as: Hero of the Russian Federation, Hero of the Soviet Union, Honorary titles of the Russian Federation are written with a capital letter, in quotation marks.

In a special stylistic use and with a capital letter, the words “Motherland”, “Fatherland”, “Man”, “Fatherland”, etc. are written.

In official and business correspondence, it is recommended to use the full and, as an exception, abbreviated names of central executive authorities. The selected version of the full or abbreviated spelling of the name of the central bodies of the federal executive power should be used throughout the document.

References

Nepogoda A.V., Semchenko P.A. Company records management, 2005

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