Of all the types of anemia found in animals, the most common is iron deficiency anemia in piglets. The disease is widespread, affecting a large number of piglets during the first 2–3 months of life, especially those born in the cold seasons of the year. The death rate of piglets from anemia reaches 33% (Karol U. and.

Krider D.). However, the economic damage from the disease will be much higher if we take into account such difficult-to-account losses as a decrease in the resistance of young animals to various non-contagious (pulmonary and gastrointestinal), infectious (paratyphoid) and invasive (ascariasis) diseases, which often result in death.

Etiology. Iron reserves in the body of piglets are small. Therefore, for the synthesis of hemoglobin, which includes iron, and the maintenance normal composition blood needs a constant supply into the body, starting from the first week of life. IN natural conditions pig habitat is not a problem. The specificity of obtaining and consuming feed by pigs from the surface layer of soil and plants creeping along the ground enriches the animals with a sufficient amount of this element, if there is enough iron in the soils of a given zone. In conditions of domesticated pig keeping, especially with intensive use of animals, when they are deprived of access to land and kept on hard floors, the occurrence of varying degrees iron deficiency in the body. Therefore, of all animal species, pigs are the most prone to developing anemia.

The etiology of anemia in piglets is significantly related not only to iron deficiency, but also to many conditions affecting its absorption in the body. These include the presence of copper, vitamins 12B, and A in the body. Copper is a catalytic element in the synthesis of hemoglobin; With vitamin A deficiency, iron absorption is impaired; Vitamin 12B affects the conversion of carotene to vitamin A.

High precocity of piglets and constant selection of pigs to increase their fertility predispose to the occurrence of anemia. Pigs are the only animals that, in the first three months of life, are able to increase their weight by 16–18 times compared to their birth weight.

A large number of piglets in a litter also increases iron consumption by the uterus and is more likely to create iron deficiency in piglets. However, all of the above does not detract from the importance of the intensive use of pigs; on the contrary, it is the basis for the creation of a technology that would make it possible to fully realize the productive abilities of pigs and prevent the loss of piglets not only from anemia, but also from other diseases.

The tendency of pigs to develop anemia when kept in cold rooms is explained by a decrease in the sucking activity of piglets when low temperatures and, consequently, the lack of iron they already lack in milk.

Pathogenesis. Piglets are born with an iron reserve of about 50 mg. The daily requirement for iron is 15 mg, and they receive only 1 mg from mother's milk. At long absence access to land, they develop anemia from iron deficiency. Hemoglobin level decreases from 8-12 at birth to 2-3 g% by one month old. With anemia, not only hematopoiesis decreases, but also secretion hydrochloric acid in the stomach. If the pH of the stomach contents in healthy piglets is 2.3, then in sick piglets it increases to 4.9, i.e. acidity gastric juice goes down. This promotes the survival of microorganisms that have entered the stomach and their entry into thin section intestines; here they are not threatened, they multiply and compete with the body in the use of digestive products. This significantly exhausts the body. In addition, microorganisms are released from food fat fatty acids which can irritate the intestines and cause diarrhea. Low acidity environment in the stomach can also predispose piglets to the occurrence of edema, infestation by worm eggs and, consequently, to helminthic diseases.

Iron deficiency greatly affects the functioning of many systems associated with the growth process, metabolic state, and immunobiological functions of the body. Piglets with anemia are stunted in growth and respond poorly to vaccination both in the level of antibody accumulation and in the duration of post-vaccination immunity.

SymptomsClinical signs anemia reaches its maximum manifestation in the third week of postnatal life. By this time, the number of red blood cells decreases to 3–4 million, the hemoglobin level to 2–4 g%; pallor of the skin is noticeable, especially in the ear area. Piglets may be alert but have a reduced growth rate. By the 40th day, they weigh 2 times less than healthy peers. In sows with reduced level hemoglobin, there is an increase in the number of stillborn piglets in the litter. In the severe stage of the disease, piglets are inactive, there is a noticeable weak desire to suckle the uterus, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, increased heart rate even after slight physical effort. Characteristically, diarrhea appears by this time, which later stops spontaneously if there are no other reasons that can cause it. The mucous membranes are anemic and slightly icteric. There may be swelling of the head and front of the body, giving piglets a puffy appearance. Death usually occurs suddenly, and the surviving piglets appear emaciated.

Pathological and anatomical changes. Pallor of the skin and all serous integuments is characteristic. The blood is thin and watery. The heart is enlarged, the cavities are expanded. The heart muscle is pale and soft. The liver is pale, enlarged, spotted, with foci of fatty infiltration of a gray-yellow color.

Diagnosis. The clinical and pathological-anatomical pictures of the disease are characteristic, and its diagnosis is not difficult. The diagnosis, if necessary, can be confirmed by a blood test for the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin. In case of disease, they are respectively less than 6 million and 4–5 g%. Sometimes there is a need differential diagnosis from hemolytic jaundice of piglets. The latter is characterized by hemoglobinuria and the onset of the disease in early dates(first week of life).

Treatment and prevention. The most natural preventive measure is allowing piglets to the ground and turf. But in the conditions of industrial technology, this measure is excluded for reasons of preventing infection of piglets with helminthic and infectious diseases. Walking sows alone before farrowing or in the first days after farrowing does not bring the desired results. Therefore, the most justified preventive measure is the use of iron supplements in piglets soon after birth. Currently, preparations are being manufactured in which iron is in colloidal form in combination with carbohydrates. In our country, such drugs are ferroglucin for parenteral administration and glycerophosphate - for internal. 1 ml of ferroglucin contains from 50 to 75 mg of ferric iron. The drug is applied to the thigh muscles at 3-5 days of age. The dose of the drug depends on the iron content in it and the season of the year. In winter and spring periods 3 ml of ferroglucin is injected once; if necessary, the injection is repeated after 10 days. In summer and early spring, the dose of the drug is reduced to 2 ml.

Pregnant uteruses with low level hemoglobin to prevent anemia and stillbirth 14–20 days before farrowing, piglets are injected with 5 ml of the drug into the area behind the ear.

IN summer time at proper organization summer pasture keeping, the use of iron-containing preparations for pigs of all ages and even piglets can be excluded.

Despite wide application iron in the prevention and treatment of anemia in piglets, it can sometimes cause mortality within some litters. Deaths occur within 3-12 hours, sometimes up to 3 days. There are no clinical signs. But sometimes they exist and include apathetic state, drowsiness, difficulty breathing, coma. At autopsy, swelling around the injection site and pallor are found skeletal muscles, enlarged kidneys, hemorrhages under the epicardium, hydropericarditis, hydrothorax, liver necrosis. Histologically, muscle necrosis and nephrosis are established. Toxic dose iron is 0.6 g/kg for a 3-10 day old piglet. It is believed that the cause of toxicosis is a deficiency of vitamin E. It has been established that the use of vitamin E in such cases increases the resistance of piglets to toxicosis caused by the injection of iron preparations.

It has been proven to have a preventive effect on horse blood anemia in piglets. Injected intramuscularly in a dose of 2 ml, it has a good stimulating effect on the hematopoietic function: the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin increases, and by weaning age, an increase in live weight of up to 11% compared to piglets that did not receive blood injections. The preventive effect of heterogeneous blood appears to be higher than that of ferroglucin.

Biryukov M.V.,
leading veterinarian- consultant of the VIK group of companies,
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences

Introduction

Iron deficiency anemia, despite ongoing preventive measures, remains one of the most common pathologies in newborn piglets. What underlies the development of this type of anemia? There are several reasons for this. All newborn piglets are born with limited iron stores. The reserves are sufficient to maintain hemoglobin levels for 3-4 days, i.e. pigs are born with a normal hemoglobin level in the blood of 120-130 g/l, but it quickly drops to 60-70 g/l by 10-14 days of life. After which, if they are not given additional iron, the piglets develop iron deficiency anemia. Next reason is the rapid growth rate of a pig compared to most other animals (already on the 6-8th day of life after birth, the piglet’s weight doubles, by two months it increases by 14-16 times, and by 6-7 months - by 50-60 times). This extremely rapid growth rate means that both muscle mass, and the circulating blood volume increases rapidly and the hemoglobin concentration becomes too low. Sow milk is the only source of food for piglets and is an extremely poor source of iron. A liter of milk contains only about 1 mg of iron, but piglets require 7 to 8 mg every day. This means that a piglet must drink 7-8 liters of milk every day (can you imagine a 1.5 kg piglet drinking that much milk per day?) just to get enough iron. Finally, pigs are raised in an environment where they cannot obtain iron from other endogenous sources. IN natural conditions Iron deficiency is not a problem because wild pigs get their iron from the soil, which contains large number of this element to meet their needs. In industrial pig farming, this is not possible because sows and piglets are kept in an environment of concrete, metal, rubber or plastic.

Why are newborn piglets so vulnerable to iron deficiency? When a pig doesn't get enough iron, its body doesn't produce enough hemoglobin. This leads to slow growth, insufficient weight gain and anemia. Early symptoms iron deficiency anemia include pallor and refusal to feed. In more severe cases, slowed growth, difficulty breathing and chronic diarrhea caused by violations immune system and, as a result, death.

Iron deficiency anemia in piglets can be easily prevented by injecting iron supplements in the first days after birth. At the same time, the quality and composition of the drug is of great importance.

Iron supplements are standardly offered injection solution, containing ferric iron in the form of a molecular complex with dextran. Fe3+ - Dextran complexes have been used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia since the 60s of the last century, and during this time the parameters/criteria for the quality of these drugs have been determined. Medicines for parenteral administration must meet the following requirements: high bioavailability of iron, safety, ease of use and storage stability. The main parameter is the stability of the Fe3+ - Dextran complex and the presence of free Fe3+ ions in the preparation. The stability of the complex directly depends on the starting material of dextran; dextran molecules must be of a certain mass, only then the complex will be stable. Fe3+ ion is known to cause toxic effects when administered to an animal, therefore good drug practically does not contain these ions - all the iron in it is bound into the Fe3+ - Dextran complex.

Currently on the market veterinary drugs A large number of means are presented for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in piglets. Among them unique product joint development VIC - Animal Health (Russia) and Serumwerk Bernburg AG (Germany) Ursoferran® - 100, -200, available to consumers since 1997. Distinctive Features this drug are: special way production, purification from iron ions and low-molecular impurities using technology based on fractional ultrafiltration of both dextran raw materials and finished product, patented by Serumwerk Bernburg AG Germany. To increase the stability of the “Fe3+ - Dextran” bond, dextran molecules are chemically activated, which eliminates the accumulation of free Fe3+ ions in the preparation during storage.

Comparative production tests of the effectiveness of iron-containing preparations

The purpose of this study was to comparatively test the effectiveness of the drug Ursoferran®-200 in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in piglets. Ursoferran®-200 injection solution containing 200 mg/ml iron (Fe3+) in the form of iron(III)-dextran-heptonic acid.

Materials and methods

In a pig farm, using the principle of analogues, two groups of animals of 50 animals each were created. Piglets in the control group were injected with the iron preparation used on the farm twice according to the instructions for use, and pigs in the experimental group were injected once with Ursoferran®-200 at a dose of 0.75-1.0 ml on the third day of life. The drugs were administered deeply intramuscularly in the area of ​​the upper third of the thigh, observing aseptic and antiseptic measures.

In piglets from the experimental groups, the indicators of safety and weight gain during the period of the experiment were taken into account. Also, on day 21 after the administration of iron-containing drugs, blood was taken from animals of both groups for hematological studies (determining the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin).

Hematological studies were carried out in the laboratory of the testing center of the All-Russian Scientific Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Voronezh).

Research results

The production indicators of the experimental groups are reflected in Table 1. From the data obtained it can be seen that the safety of piglets in the experimental group was 88%, which is 3.3% higher than the control group (84.7%). There is also a difference in average daily weight gain between pigs treated with Ursoferran®-200 and animals treated with another iron-containing drug. During the observation period it amounted to 700 g (10.14%). These criteria are essential when assessing the effectiveness and economics of veterinary preventive measures carried out in pig farming.

When analyzing the data obtained as a result of hematological studies, there is also a significant difference in the indicators of the experimental and control groups. As can be seen from Figure 1, the number of red blood cells on average in piglets that were injected with Ursoferran®-200 is 12% higher compared to animals in the control group. The data obtained from the study of hemoglobin indicate more content it is 16.4% in the blood of piglets of the experimental group compared to the control group, which also indicates positive impact Ursoferran®-200 injections on pig hematopoiesis.

The above data indicate that Ursoferran®-200 more intensively stimulates erythropoiesis, due to the active inclusion of iron in hemoglobin and tissue enzymes (cytochromes, cytochrome oxidases, peroxidases, etc.) and, as a result, increases the overall resistance of the body of suckling piglets. Ursoferran®-200 is a long-acting drug. Produced using patented technology, the iron(III)-dextran-heptonic acid complex slowly releases Fe3+ ions, which ensures a long-lasting effect of the drug in the body of piglets after a single use.

Conclusion

The conducted comparative experiment allows us to conclude that the administration of the drug Ursoferran®-200 to piglets on the 3rd day of life compensates for iron deficiency, optimizes the number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin in the blood. A single injection of Ursoferan®-200 to piglets is effective and economically justified, as evidenced by the data obtained as a result of this experiment.

I would also like to note the fact that Ursoferran® - 100, -200 contains iron dextran molecules with increased stability of the “Iron-Dextran-Complex®” bond, which is achieved thanks to a unique patented technology of chemical activation of molecules. That is why free iron ions do not accumulate in the Ursoferran® - 100, -200 solution throughout long term shelf life (5 years).

2.4. Nutritional (iron deficiency) anemia of piglets

In young animals, anemia is most common and is associated with a lack of iron.

Characterized by activity disorder hematopoietic organs and violation metabolic processes, which leads to growth retardation in young animals and a decrease in disease resistance.

Mostly piglets are affected.

Etiology

The main cause of the disease is a lack of iron in the body. The need of young animals for it is determined by two factors - the consumption of iron for the implementation of life processes and the increase in live weight, and thus the volume of blood. Due to the high growth rate of piglets, their need for iron is much greater than that of young animals of other animal species. So, already on the 6-8th day of life after birth, the piglet’s weight doubles, by two months (weaning) it increases by 14-16 times, and by 6-7 months - by 50-60 times.

Piglets have two opportunities to satisfy their iron needs - through that supplied with mother's milk or feed and through internal (endogenous) iron, associated mainly (65%) with red blood cells. Sow milk, rich in plastic substances, is very low in iron. In particular, there is 2 times less of it in their colostrum than in the colostrum of cows. Therefore, a piglet can receive only 1-1.5 mg of iron per day with milk, or only 15-20%.

Endogenous iron, released from hemoglobin during the breakdown of red blood cells, is about 1% per day. From plasma, it is usually absorbed by the reticuloendothelial system and goes to the synthesis of new red blood cells, consumed in the body or deposited. However, a feature of young animals, including piglets, is that their reticuloendothelial system functions poorly.

A factor predisposing piglets to anemia is the fact that at birth their iron reserve is only 50 mg, since the supply of iron to the fetus during the pregnancy of sows is limited by the placental barrier and amounts to only 2% of what the sow receives. Such a small reserve of it is quickly consumed, since only 1 kg of weight gain requires approximately 27 mg of this element. Therefore, by the 7-8th day of life of piglets, they become iron deficient, and by 3-4 weeks of age, anemia reaches its climax.

Deficiencies in the body contribute to the occurrence and severity of the disease. nutrients, vitamins and mineral elements. It is also possible that the lifespan of red blood cells in pigs is 63 days versus 120 days in other animals.

Pathogenesis

Metabolism of iron in the body. In the stomach, under the influence of hydrochloric acid and other factors, iron is ionized in the mucous membrane duodenum binds to the iron-specific protein apoferritin, resulting in the formation of a complex of ferritin with ferric iron. This complex is absorbed into the blood, where iron is released from it and absorbed by the reticulohistocyte system.

The importance of iron for the body. Iron deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the activity of iron-containing enzymes, which are closely related to protein synthesis and other important cellular functions. In addition, iron in hemoglobin performs important role in the formation of the “oxygen-hemoglobin” complex and prolongation (increasing the duration) of its existence, in time sufficient for this complex to reach the most peripheral parts of the body, where it gradually disintegrates along the way and releases released oxygen to the tissues. In case of iron deficiency, the duration of existence of such a complex is varying degrees contracts, a state of hypoxia occurs. In this case, breathing and heart function become compensatory and cardiac hypertrophy develops. In addition, iron deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the activity of iron-containing enzymes.

Iron deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the activity of iron-containing enzymes, which are closely related to protein synthesis and other important cellular functions.

Symptoms

In the first 10-15 days, young animals of all animal species experience a decrease in hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. In foals, calves and lambs it is usually temporary, but in piglets it often turns into severe form diseases.

Nutritional anemia occurs more often in well-developed piglets at the age of 3-6 weeks.

Pallor of the skin and visible mucous membranes appear, which later acquire a yellow color, swelling of the eyelids, and lethargy.

The mobility of piglets noticeably decreases, they become inactive, bury themselves in the litter, suckle the sow poorly, are stunted, the stubble becomes rough, brittle, and the skin becomes wrinkled.

There may be a perversion of appetite, digestive disorders. The abdomen is often swollen or pulled up, diarrhea alternates with constipation. There may be some mucus in the stool. Hemoglobin in the blood sharply decreases from 10 to 3-5 g%. The number of red blood cells usually does not change.

The qualitative composition of erythrocytes changes, accompanied by anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromatophilia, erythroblasts are detected.

Pathological changes

When examining dead animals, attention is drawn to the anemic nature of the skin and mucous membranes.

The liver is light clay in color and enlarged. The muscles are pale, the spleen is enlarged. In the kidneys degenerative changes, the lungs are swollen, the heart is dilated. Swelling in the neck, chest and abdomen subcutaneous tissue.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Early diagnosis consists of determining the amount of iron in the blood, liver, spleen, and kidneys. In other cases, an analysis of piglet feeding is carried out, based on clinical symptoms and the results of hematological studies. Piglets with a hemoglobin content below 40% are considered sick. Determining the color indicator of blood is of great diagnostic importance.

When differentiating the disease, anemia that occurs due to the influence of other factors on the body of young animals, and, in particular, infectious and invasive factors, is excluded.

Forecast

Favorable in mild cases.

In others, the piglets have questionable or unfavorable results. The disease develops quickly, and without treatment, piglets die on the 10-14th day, usually suddenly and the best litters, often without visible signs, but most likely due to acute hypoxia.

Death rate can be 60-80%.

Treatment

Use medications containing iron. The most effective are iron dextran, which are obtained by combining iron with the polysaccharide dextran, which easily forms colloidal solutions. These include impoferon, imposil-200, myofer, armidextran, ferrobal, ferrodextran, ferrodex, ferroglucin. They are administered intramuscularly in the thigh area or behind auricle.

Treatment of piglets with them is most effective on the 3rd-4th day of their life, since in the first two days iron is poorly absorbed by the not yet formed reticulohistiocytic system of their body. Re-introduction drugs are recommended after 7-10 days.

Good results obtained from the use of iron glycerophosphate in the form of powder, paste or as part of a special granulated feed.

In addition to ferroglucin, piglets 30-40 days old are given solutions of microelements: iron sulfate, copper sulfate and cobalt chloride.

From 10-14 days of age, when piglets eat feed, microelements are added to it in the form of briquettes or mixtures of iron sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese chloride.

Positive results gives piglets the use of the drug microanemin, consisting of iron sulfate, copper sulfate and cobalt chloride.

Prevention.

It is carried out using the same methods and the same drugs that are used to treat anemic piglets. Important has possible early accustoming of piglets to feeding. They grow faster, develop better, and are more resistant to disease.

Anemia in pigs is common in commercial pig production facilities around the world. There are many factors influencing the occurrence of the disease, which appears in various age groups. The most common type of anemia is piglet anemia caused by low content iron in the body at birth. The following are various types anemia in different age groups.

PIGS

Classic anemia is often observed in piglets due to the fact that they are raised in industrial conditions, where they do not have the opportunity to rummage in the ground. Without receiving a portion of iron, which is administered orally or by injection, piglets develop anemia on days 5-7 of life. The most common method of administering iron is the injection method. In many pig herds, the use of iron supplements in piglets is insufficient or incorrect, resulting in one or more pigs not receiving the necessary iron supplements at all, or receiving them too late.

As a result, pigs experience various disorders such as diarrhea, pneumonia, joint inflammation, etc. The reason for this is the weakened state of the pigs, which suffer from anemia, making them more susceptible to infections. Finally, anemic piglets that are weaned from the pig have more low weight, and are much more susceptible to disease.

PIGS RAISED IN A DIFFERENT CLIMATE

Among pigs raised in other climates, common problem is that pigs arrive with anemia. This, in turn, very often causes diarrhea in piglets weaned from the pig. In addition, piglets weaned from anemic pigs that receive insufficient iron gain significantly less weight. In herds of pigs with anemia, big difference in weight is observed in pigs that move from their usual climate conditions after 8 weeks of age. In groups of pigs raised in other climates, diseases associated with poor nutrition and/or viral diseases, which in turn can lead to anemia caused by blood loss. Blood loss occurs through ulcers in the white part of the stomach.

In addition, viral diseases such as influenza, porcine circovirus type 2, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome can cause short-term or long-term anemia due to bone marrow suppression.

PIGS FOR Slaughter

Anemia is not very common in pigs raised for slaughter. The reason for this is the sufficient nutrition that pigs receive throughout long period. Thus, iron is absorbed during nutrition. On the other hand, anemia caused by gastric ulcers, on the contrary, is quite common. In this case, large blood loss occurs, as a result of which the pigs turn pale and have an unhealthy appearance. In some countries, it has been proven that about 45% of slaughter pigs suffer from gastric ulcers, due to which they develop anemia of varying degrees of complexity. Diseases caused by various viruses, can also lead to anemia, but at this age pigs recover from illness faster.

BREEDING ANIMALS

Anemia in breeding animals, particularly sows, is a condition that occurs in different herds with varying frequencies. In herds fed with poor quality feed, peptic ulcer stomach problems occur more often. In addition, there is an increasing decline in the use of vitamin E in feed, which is caused by its high cost. Insufficient vitamin E levels lead to decreased iron absorption, resulting in anemia in pigs. Infectious diseases animals, which also cause anemia, usually do not last long, so their effect on the occurrence of anemia is negligible.

TO common features include:

• pale skin;
• hematomas;
• pale mucous membrane of the eyes;
• lethargy, apathy.

To make this diagnosis, you need to undergo a blood test for specific red blood cells. Depending on their type, there are 3 forms of the disease.

Nutritional anemia of piglets

Appears before 3 weeks of life and is observed in suckling animals. Special symptoms:

• pallor;
• lethargy;
• refusal to suck;
• increased heart rate and breathing.

The cause of nutritional anemia is an incorrectly composed diet. It includes fertilizing and mother's milk. If the sow herself suffers from anemia, she will not be able to provide necessary microelements and young animals.

Iron deficiency anemia of piglets

Affects pigs of any age. More often these are mature, early-maturing and highly productive breeds. Symptoms include a hunched back, dry skin, and paleness. It is formed in piglets if the mother has iron deficiency. The mortality rate from the disease is 38%.

During the analysis, the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin will be indicative. A common type of anemia in pig farms. The disease occurs less frequently in industrial housing and feeding.

Hemolytic anemia of piglets

Dangerous condition of newborn animals. Occurs due to incompatibility of antibodies between the mother and the piglet. They penetrate the animal's body through colostrum and reduce normal iron levels. Symptoms of hemolytic anemia in piglets:

• yellowness of mucous membranes;
• pallor;
• low red blood cell count.

Treatment and prevention of anemia in piglets

The alimentary type is treated by introducing supplements of iron, manganese, cobalt, and zinc into the diet. Vitamins of groups A and B are prescribed. Iron-containing premixes can be given. Injections of iron dextran preparations are also common. They are replaced with nitrated blood of the sow, injecting it into the piglets 5-7 ml at a time.

Iron deficiency anemia is treated in 2 ways:

1. A single injection of ferroglucin, ferrodex or imposil up to 3 days of age.
2. Addition of copper and iron salts to daily meals. The concentration of the solution of iron sulfate is 2.5 g and copper 1 g per 10 l. One pig needs 10 ml per day.

The hemolytic type is not treated with drugs. It is necessary to transfer the piglets to another sow for 2-5 days, then return them to the same one if necessary. When breeding animals, always ensure that they are healthy.

Preventive measures on the farm:

• balanced complementary feeding for piglets and diet for adult pigs, add premixes or separate vitamins;
• monitor newborn animals and the mother in order to recognize anemia in time;
• cull individuals that have produced offspring with hemolytic deviation.

When administering drugs, the dose is calculated for a specific age and weight. It is better to make a diagnosis directly after a blood test. Because hemolytic anemia Clinically, it is easily confused with leptospirosis. Normal level- 9-15 g per 100 ml of blood.