A dog in the house is not just a pet. In most cases, she becomes a real member of the family, any illness of which is perceived very seriously. And dogs get sick not so rarely. A common disease condition in dogs is poisoning. What situations lead to intoxication, how to recognize the disease and, most importantly, how to help your pet without aggravating his condition?

The statistics are staggering, but out of a hundred cases of animal intoxication, in 87 the owner himself is found to be the culprit. This happens for various reasons:

• The owner does not provide proper supervision, allowing the pet to pick up food waste. Most often, dogs rummage through garbage in search of food due to hunger, malnutrition, lack of any vitamins, or not having received the necessary training and education in due time.
• Does not comply with the rules and regulations for storing food.
• It sends products of inadequate quality to the animal's food - with a "smell", expired, sour.
• Leaves products freely available household chemicals, fertilizers, medicines.
• The diet is incorrectly composed, including a large amount of meat in the dog’s menu. This leads to the development of protein intoxication in the animal (read,).

Types of dog poisoning

There are two types of intoxication, differing in the method of penetration of toxic components into the body:

1. Food poisoning – toxic substances enter the animal’s body through the esophagus. This includes eating spoiled food, household chemicals, medications, etc. Sometimes, for severe poisoning, just licking the toxin from the fur is enough.
2. Non-food poisoning is the penetration of toxins through the skin or respiratory system. TO this species Intoxication includes bites of poisonous insects, snakes, inhalation of harmful gases and fumes.

Signs and symptoms of poisoning in dogs

Diarrhea as a sign of poisoning

To provide first aid to your pet, it is necessary to promptly identify signs of poisoning. Obvious symptoms intoxication is observed on average after 7 hours. In case of poisoning with rat poison and other similar toxic substances, symptoms can be observed within 3 hours.

With gradual intoxication that slowly poisons the animal’s body, the disease can manifest itself weeks or even months later.

Most often, the gastrointestinal tract is the first to respond to poisons:

• The pet has hypersalivation ( copious discharge saliva);
• the dog licks itself frequently;
• observed;
• mucous and bloody impurities may be detected in feces and vomit.

Doesn't stand aside respiratory system, can be observed following symptoms intoxication:

• rapid breathing;
• , wheezing;
• foam comes out of the nose;
• pulmonary edema (occurs during late stage poisoning).

The entry of toxins into the body leads to disorder cardiovascular system, signs of the disease can be extremely severe:

• heart rate increases;
• hypertensive manifestations (increased blood pressure) are observed;
• if intoxication occurs due to consumption by an animal or narcotic drugs, then bradycardia (sinus rhythm disturbance) may develop.

Such conditions often lead to cardiac arrest in a state of shock and death of the animal.

Intoxication can also affect the nervous system, then poisoning is accompanied by the following conditions:

• lack of coordination - the dog staggers when walking and standing in one place; the pet tries to throw its head back;
• trembling throughout the body, convulsive states, tremor may be observed;
• possible loss of consciousness;
• in some cases, damage to the central nervous system leads to overexcitation of the animal, sudden aggression, and the pet may moan.

In case of poisoning, involuntary urination may occur, or the opposite situation may occur - anuria, that is, lack of urine. The latter is usually a sign of kidney failure.

At severe forms intoxication, against the background of impaired metabolic processes, a sharp decrease in body temperature is possible - hypothermia.

Poisoning with certain substances is accompanied by specific conditions. Rat poison causes multiple hemorrhages, isoniazid - foam from the mouth, confusion.

Chronic intoxication leads to itching and peeling of the skin. The skin and mucous membranes may change color. If these symptoms occur, it is recommended to undergo diagnostic testing in a clinical setting.

First aid for pet intoxication

Salt solution for poisoning

In case of poisoning, it is very important to provide first aid, since the poison begins to affect one system of the body after another, however wrong actions can do a lot of harm. What to do if an animal is poisoned?

An important step in case of food poisoning is the removal of toxic substances from the body. You need to provoke vomiting in the dog; to do this, you can give your pet a warm solution of salt (1 tablespoon per glass of water) or hydrogen peroxide (at a ratio of one to one).

For insect bites damaged tissues cold is applied - a piece of ice or a compress. If poison gets on your pet's skin, you need to wash it off with water.

In case of intoxication with gases or vapors, it is important to take the dog away, into a room with possible ventilation, or outside. Turpentine or gasoline fumes can cause vomiting and seizures. In this case, it is necessary to pour 1-2 tablespoons of any vegetable oil into the animal’s mouth, and after 15-20 minutes give it.

Self-therapy in some cases

It is possible to cure a dog yourself if it is poisoned only in certain situations. To do this, you need to know the exact cause of intoxication and have some medical skills:

• Isoniazid poisoning. If a dog is poisoned with this anti-tuberculosis drug, then the first signs appear within the first half hour. The pet's coordination is impaired and convulsions are observed. In this case, effective are intravenous injections 1% solution of pyridoxine (from 30 to 50 ml, depending on the weight category of the pet). If you cannot inject the medicine into a vein, you can give an injection into the muscle.
• Poisoning with rat poison. The main sign of intoxication with this toxin is the appearance of uncoagulated blood in the vomit, nose and mouth bleeding. It is important to administer vitamin K intramuscularly at the first sign. It helps eliminate blood clotting.
• Acids entering the gastrointestinal tract. When acids enter the stomach, it is undesirable to provoke vomiting. Immediately rinse your mouth, nose and tongue plain water. In this case, you need to give your pet absorbent drugs and rinse the stomach.
• Arsenic poisoning. After first aid, treatment includes taking a mixture of a solution of magnesium oxide and ferric oxide sulfate. Every quarter of an hour the pet is given 50 ml of liquid. 3-4 techniques are enough.

If your pet is intoxicated, you can give:

• boiled flaxseeds;
• starch paste;
• raw egg white diluted with water.

As laxatives, it is permissible to use vegetable oils, Glauber's salt or Carlsbad salt.

Treatment of poisoning in the clinic

Naturally, feeling unwell pet is important reason to visit veterinary clinic. Here, experienced specialists will examine the sick animal. They will take a series of tests to identify the type of toxin and evaluate the dog’s condition. Only after this is adequate treatment prescribed, including various measures:

• gastric lavage;
• enemas that cleanse the intestines;
• administering a suitable antidote;
• the use of diuretics that promote the rapid removal of poisons from the body;
• medicinal procedures that support vital organs - kidneys, liver, heart muscle;
• normalization of breathing;
• relieving seizures using special medications;
• use – relevant for intoxication of infectious origin.

Pet's diet after poisoning

After therapeutic treatment The pet will need some time to recover. During this period, it is very important to monitor the dog’s nutrition, having previously adjusted the diet. The menu must include the following products:

• cottage cheese;
• boiled eggs;
• boiled liver and lean meat.

If your pet refuses to eat at first, you should not insist. At this time it is necessary to provide the dog a large number fresh water. You should start feeding your dog in small portions, including in the diet foods and foods that are well absorbed by the body.

When getting a pet, it is worth remembering that all responsibility for its health and well-being falls on the shoulders of the owner. This means that it is necessary to prevent such cases of poisoning by eliminating potential toxic substances away from your pet.

Rat poisoning in dogs is uncommon because rodent baits are not very attractive to carnivores. Also, for the poison to take effect, you need to take enough large dose. Number of patients who applied for veterinary care in cases of poisoning of dogs with rodent baits, is less than 0.1% of cases.

The risk of a dog eating poisoned baits increases if they are made from meat components. In addition, an animal can become poisoned if it eats several carcasses of a rodent that has died from poison. Rare but serious cases include intoxication with rodenticides (poisons for rodents) of acute action. How to recognize signs of intoxication and what to do if your dog is poisoned by rat poison?

What is rat poison

Rat poison is used to kill rodents. Baits are made with it, usually on a grain basis. They also produce ready-made briquettes, paste or granules.

There are two groups of rodenticides:

• acute agents;
• means of subacute and chronic action.

Only baits with poisons of the second group are available for free sale, since they are less dangerous for humans and animals. On the territory of the Russian Federation, a limited number of rodenticides included in the lists of the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture and Rospotrebnadzor are permitted for use.

Rodenticides related to rat poisons:

If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the signs will depend on the group to which the rodenticide belongs.

Why are rat poisons dangerous for dogs?

The effect of rat poison on dogs is distinguished by the type of toxin.

If a dog has eaten rat poison with anticoagulants, the effect of the toxin will not appear immediately, but after 3-5 days. This is due to the presence of vitamin K reserves in the body.

Symptoms of rat poisoning in a dog

Let's look at the signs of poisoning by rat poison in dogs, which contains anticoagulants (zoocoumarins, coumarins):

• weakness;
• dyspnea;
• pallor of the mucous membranes;
• bleeding from the nose, gums;
• lack of appetite.

In severe cases, bleeding from the rectum, blood in the urine, subcutaneous hemorrhages, abdominal pain, lameness, and coughing up blood are observed. The animal dies from numerous hemorrhages.

With timely veterinary care, the prognosis is favorable - more than 85% of dogs recover. However, owners should be aware that if they are repeatedly poisoned by rat poison, the chances of recovery are less, since the animal becomes hypersensitive to it.

Ratside and zinc phosphide are currently practically not used. If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the symptoms from zinc phosphide will be as follows:

Symptoms of rat poisoning:

Signs develop within a few hours of eating the bait.

What to do if your dog is poisoned by rat poison

Is it possible to save a dog if it is poisoned by rat poison? In most cases, when eating baits with anticoagulants, the outcome is favorable.

What to do if your dog ate rat poison in front of you? The pet is given first aid:

What not to do? You should not induce vomiting if more than 4–6 hours have passed since eating the bait - everything has already passed from the stomach to the intestines. You should also not induce vomiting if your dog is showing signs of impairment. nervous system: convulsions, loss of consciousness, paralysis.

You cannot give milk, eggs, vegetable oil, castor oil In case of poisoning with zinc phosphide, this only speeds up the absorption of the poison into the blood.

Antidote

In case of poisoning with anticoagulants, the antidote is vitamin K1 - phytomenadione. It is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5–5 mg per kg of dog weight. If it is known that the animal ate bait with a first generation rodenticide, then the dose will be less - 0.25–2.5 mg per kg.

There is no specific antidote for rat poisoning. In the stomach, the poison is bound by drinking a 1% tannin solution.

When eating bait with zinc phosphide, give a 0.5% solution orally copper sulfate as prescribed by a veterinarian or 2% baking soda solution.

Treatment of rat poison poisoning in dogs

When the first signs of dog intoxication appear, seek veterinary help - rat poison poisoning must be distinguished from certain blood diseases. The doctor will make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

1. You will need a long course of vitamin K1 - from one to four weeks, depending on the poison and laboratory tests blood.
2. If possible, a blood or plasma transfusion is given on the first day to replenish red blood cells and reserves of coagulation factors.
3. In case of poisoning with acute poisons, carry out symptomatic treatment: anticonvulsant and cardiac drugs, restoration of liver function, treatment of pulmonary edema.

Let's summarize. If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the symptoms and treatment will depend on what active substance was in the bait. The most common poisons are those that interfere with blood clotting (anticoagulants - coumarins, zoocoumarins). The effects of toxins appear a few days after they enter the body. Refusal to feed, weakness, bleeding from the nose and gums develop, and sometimes blood is found in the urine and feces.

Vitamin K1, phytomenadione, is administered subcutaneously as an antidote. Treatment will be required for several weeks. The help of a specialist is required, as there may be various complications. You also need to carry out differential diagnosis from other diseases with similar symptoms.

Rat poisoning in dogs is less common than food poisoning or viral diseases gastrointestinal tract. Dose of poisonous chemicals in baits for rodents is small for the dog and thanks to this, timely treatment is always effective. The danger is that many owners cannot distinguish the signs of poisoning from other diseases or poisonings, and do not provide first aid correctly, and this can cause irreversible consequences in the pet’s body.

For deratization (extermination of rats and mice), products with different chemical composition. One substance differs from another not only in how it acts on the body of a poisoned dog, but also in a different antidote and method of providing first aid.

Rat poison, which causes severe symptoms, can be divided into 4 types:

• chemicals that prevent blood from clotting (anticoagulants), which causes internal bleeding;
• funds from high content vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), cause renal failure;
• products containing calcium cyanide (bromethalin) cause swelling of the brain and disrupt the functioning of the nervous system;
• products containing zinc and aluminum phosphides. When they enter the stomach, they react with hydrochloric acid to form dangerous phosphine gas, which affects the liver.

It is important not only to determine that the dog was poisoned by rat poison and not something else, but also to find out what kind of substance it is. In case of intoxication of the body with various poisons, treatment is carried out with appropriate drugs. If you fail to recognize the symptoms of rat poison poisoning in your dog and provide first aid incorrectly, you can aggravate the situation and waste time.

If there is a suspicion that a dog has been poisoned by rat poison and the symptoms indicate this, it is necessary to urgently call a veterinarian at home, or take the pet to a veterinary clinic. Failure to provide timely assistance can lead to fatal outcome, and in case of recovery, the restoration of the body will be long and difficult.

Symptoms of anticoagulant poisoning and treatment

Rat poison containing anticoagulants prevents blood clotting. This causes severe internal bleeding. Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone are commonly used rat poisons that have this effect. The rate of effect on the body depends on how much active ingredient is contained in the rat repellent. Bromadiolone contains a small amount of toxic substance, it will act slowly, and symptoms may appear within five days. If a dog is poisoned with Brodifacoum, it can act instantly.

Poisoning with anticoagulants can be confirmed if the following signs appear:

• nosebleeds;
• bleeding gums;
• blood in urine;
• diarrhea (may be with blood, or maybe without it);
• the appearance of blood around the anus;
• vomit;
• pallor of the mucous membranes;
• cough with expectoration, possibly bloody foam;
• lack of appetite.

A characteristic symptom of rat poisoning in dogs is a lethargic state. It is expressed by lethargy, slowness of action, fatigue, drowsiness, and heavy breathing.

The antidote for dogs poisoned by such drugs is intramuscular injection vitamin K. Treatment will be long-term, the course lasts more than a month. Therapy is stopped when the blood test is normal.

It is important to know that if poisoning is caused by anticoagulants, you cannot induce vomiting and rinse the stomach when providing first aid. This will increase internal bleeding, which is life-threatening. You can give sorbents.

Symptoms of poisoning with a product containing vitamin D3

Poisoning a dog with rat poison containing a large amount of vitamin D3, if left untreated for 2-3 days, causes kidney failure followed by death.

Symptoms:

• strong thirst;
• frequent urination;
• loss of appetite;
• unpleasant odor from the mouth, similar to the smell of stale urine;
• lethargic state.

There is no special antidote against this poison, but timely therapy, which can be carried out in a veterinary clinic, leads to full recovery. Therapy includes the use of diuretics and drugs that quickly remove calcium from the body. Therapy is long-term, at least 1.5 months.

Calcium cyanide poisoning

Calcium cyanide, or bromethalin is potent substance. IN large quantities it causes disruption of the central nervous system, swelling of the membranes of the brain. If help is not provided on time, death is likely.

Symptoms of dog poisoning from rat poison containing calcium cyanide:

• loss of coordination;
• movement disorders;
• convulsions;
• paralysis of individual limbs or the entire body.

The speed at which symptoms appear depends on the amount of poison that enters the dog’s body. If a dog has swallowed a small dose of poison, symptoms may appear only after two days. If a dog is poisoned by a large amount of a toxic substance, the body’s reaction can begin immediately – after 1-2 hours. The products used for deratization contain a small dose of calcium cyanide, so severe poisoning is unlikely.

If you suspect that your dog may have been poisoned by ingesting such rat poison, you should monitor it for two days, and at the first symptom that appears, you should contact a veterinarian.

There is no antidote for cyanide. Help is provided by giving the dog several times during the day activated carbon or any other sorbent, as well as diuretics. Gastric lavage is necessary.

Symptoms of zinc and aluminum phosphide poisoning

Rat control products containing phosphides are very poisonous. For deratization they are used less frequently than other means.

When phosphides enter the stomach, they react with hydrochloric acid and release dangerous phosphine gas, which attacks the liver.

Symptoms of poisoning:

• severe flatulence;
• nausea and vomiting;
• stomach ache;
• the appearance of fear in an animal.

There is no antidote, but timely therapy is very effective. It includes:

• antacids (Maalox), which neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This reduces the amount of gas produced;
• activated carbon, the intake of which alternates with gastric lavage.

It is undesirable to self-medicate with such poisoning, because the gas released along with vomiting is poisonous. It is also dangerous for people. Treatment procedures preferably carried out on outdoors, and if this is not possible, then you need to open the windows and doors.

Treatment if the composition of rat poison is unknown

If the components of the poison are unknown, then general therapy. It is universal and effective in case of poisoning with various substances:

• within 7-10 days, the dog is given vitamin K in the form of injections;
• put on glucose drips to maintain general condition body;
• prescribe heart medications;
• diuretics.

If poisoning is noticed at the wrong time, and the intoxication of the dog’s body is very strong, then drugs are prescribed that restore the functions of the kidneys and liver, eliminate edema, and sometimes a blood transfusion may be required.

First aid at home

If you notice the first signs of poisoning, you must call a veterinarian, and before he arrives, provide first aid:

• induce vomiting. To do this, pour table salt onto the far end of the dog’s tongue;
• give any adsorbent (activated carbon, polysorb);
• perform gastric lavage with water at room temperature. You can pour water down the dog’s throat using a large syringe without a needle or a syringe;
• give a laxative.

Inducing vomiting, gastric lavage and giving laxatives should not be done if the poisoning is caused by anticoagulants that reduce blood clotting. There is a possibility of strengthening internal bleeding, which is dangerous for the dog's life.

If about 4 hours have passed since the dog swallowed the poison, vomiting should not be caused. The substance that enters the stomach is already absorbed into the blood.

Usually, when a dog is poisoned, there is no appetite, but if it asks for food, you should not feed it. You can give a lot of water to drink.

Prevention of poisoning

Most often, dogs are poisoned by rat poison if they are walking on their own. When walking with your pet, you need to walk him on a leash, and to prevent him from grabbing the bait, it is advisable to put a muzzle on him.

If it is known that extermination of rats and mice is planned, these places should be avoided.

An important aspect of raising a dog is training with early age to the fact that when walking you cannot pick up anything from the ground, no matter how tempting it smells.

As practice shows, any dog ​​can become a victim of a flayer, both domestic and stray. Flayers scatter poison everywhere - in parks, playgrounds, kindergartens, on the streets, in courtyards.

Therefore, everyone who has pets must have them in their home. necessary medications and know the instructions for providing first aid to an animal in case of poisoning. You and your pet may simply not be able to get to the veterinary clinic, for the reason that the dog can die within 40 minutes if it is not helped.

IF THE DOG JUST EATED SUSPICIOUS PIECE ON THE STREET- don’t be lazy to play it safe!

Under no circumstances should dogs be fed; feeding may accelerate the absorption of the poison.

1.Induce vomiting(for example, by forcefully drinking a large amount boiled water(NOT saline solution, you can poison the animal with the salt itself). With caution, you can use hydrogen peroxide with water - 1:1 (at the rate of 1 tablespoon of the product per 3 kg of animal weight).

Some extreme owners manage to induce vomiting mechanically by pressing their fingers on the root of the tongue - but take into account the character of your dog, take care of your hands. (Popular methods - salt, mustard, soda - are dangerous!)

2. After vomiting or if it was not possible to induce vomiting, give adsorbents(activated carbon - 1 tablet per 1 kg of weight, grind, dilute with water and give the animal to drink; enterosgel, polypefam, enterosorb, etc.),

3. Then give a glass laxative salt solution(magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate - a tablespoon per glass of water).

4. Carefully monitor the dog's condition. It is better to repeat the adsorbents several more times.

LIST OF MEDICINES WHAT YOU SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE IN YOUR FIRST KIT:

-INitamin B6 (Piridoxine)injectable- in any human pharmacy, available;

- INitamin K1(in any human pharmacy, accessible, veterinary only abroad - check how it is in Russia with this), as a last resort K3 (Vikasol);

-Unithiol(human, expensive, but effective antidote to several types of poisoning) - should only be used by a doctor;

- Aadsorbents: Activated carbon, Enterosgel, Sorbex, Polypefam, Enterosorb, etc.;

May need Atropin- not on free sale. It’s good if you can buy it, but only a doctor should use it, THE DRUG IS DANGEROUS;

-Preparations, vomiting (Emetiki) - hellebore tincture (use only after consulting a doctor!); other drugs, such as Apomorphine hydrochloride, not commercially available, are DANGEROUS and should only be used by a doctor;

- WITHlabile salts(for example, Glauber's salt);

- Mflammable(Furosemide);

- Antispasmodics(No-shpa);

- Sh2, 5, 20 ml syringes, droppers.

1. ISONIAZID POISONING:

SYMPTOMS:

Drowsiness, confusion - appear after 30 minutes

The dog begins to lose coordination, its legs give way, it skids to the sides

Vomit

Excessive salivation, foam at the mouth

- In severe poisoning, coma is possible, respiratory depression, convulsions, lactic acidosis.

Seizures are usually long lasting and do not stop anticonvulsants. If there are no seizures, then lactic acidosis does not occur. (Acidosis is the accumulation of negatively charged particles (anions) of acids in the blood and other tissues of the body; lactic acidosis is the accumulation of lactate).

ANTIDOTE:

VITAMIN B6 (Pyridoxine), sold in a human pharmacy!

If the animal tends to “vacuum”, the vitamin can be given orally (and in doses exceeding therapeutic doses) or administered intramuscularly (up to 10 ml per dose). If the animal is prone to allergies, you don’t have to use it prophylactically, but at the slightest sign of poisoning, administer it! Next - take the dog to the clinic, and as soon as possible!

FIRST AID:

Administer Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and deliver it to the veterinary clinic as soon as possible!

Antidote (antidote) PYRIDOXINE (vitamin B6).

1) ADMINISTRATE PYRIDOXINE intravenously in a dose equal to the amount of isoniazid taken(if you don’t know how to do intravenous injections, then in extreme cases you can inject intramuscularly)

If this amount is unknown, administer 3-5 g.

If the effect is incomplete or symptoms recur, the administration of pyridoxine is repeated.

Vitamin B6 is non-toxic even in large doses, so even if another poison is later confirmed, it will not be worse.

Administration of pyridoxine can lead to rapid cessation of seizures and correction of metabolic acidosis, but consciousness is sometimes restored only after several hours. For acidosis, sodium bicarbonate may be needed.

Dosage for treatment with vitamin B6:

dogs - 1-10 milligrams per 1 kilogram of weight,

cats - 5-20 milligrams.

ALSO URGENTLY carry out measures to remove the toxic substance from the gastrointestinal tract:

1. Induce vomiting(for example, by forcibly drinking a large amount of boiled water (NOT saline solution, you can poison the animal with the salt itself). With caution, you can use hydrogen peroxide with water - 1:1 (at the rate of 1 tbsp. l of the product per 3 kg of animal weight);

2. After vomiting or if it was not possible to induce vomiting - adsorbents(activated carbon 1-3g\kg, enterosgel (dilute with water to a jelly state, pour into the mouth with a syringe/syringe);

3. Corvalol(15 drops per 20 kg.);

4. Cleansing enema + laxative salts;

5. Give as much fluid as possible + diuretics(diuretic, such as furosemide), antispasmodics possible(no-spa intramuscular injection);

6. TO THE VETERINARIAN.

2) POISONINGZOOCOUMARINE, RAT POISON

SYMPTOMS OF POISONING:

Bloody vomiting, bloody diarrhea, bleeding from the rectum, lethargy, lack of appetite, anemia of the mucous membranes, shortness of breath, tachycardia, the animal groans, temperature up to 40*C.

Rat poison - bloody vomiting, bloody diarrhea, blood everywhere - clotting is impaired.

HOW RAT POISON WORKS :

Rat poisons are anticoagulants, suppress the production of vitamin K, which is involved in the synthesis of coagulation factors, damage the walls of capillaries, as a result of which blood clotting is impaired and the animal dies from bleeding from all natural orifices, blood leaking into the peritoneum, and hemorrhage in the brain.

After the poison enters the body, the animal’s health remains normal for some time - until its own reserves of vitamin K are exhausted. Typical time of onset of development clinical symptoms varies from 3 to 5 (sometimes more) days from the rodenticide entering the body.

MEDICINES:

Vitamin K1 ( Phytonadione ) — vital for restoring the function of blood clotting (veterinary grade is not sold here, it is often replaced with vikasol (K3), BUT IT IS BETTER to find human K1Konakion, Konavit, Mefiton, Monodion. )

It’s even better to find in advance the opportunity to buy veterinary K1 abroad: Veta-K1, Veda-K1, Mephyton, Aqua-Mephyton, both injectable and in capsules (tablets), treatment involves the use of both.

An antidote against certain types of rat poisons, as well as poisoning by arsenic, mercury and other thiol poisons, is UNITHIOL, a drug from the human pharmacy.

May need Atropine.

FIRST AID:

1.Give adsorbents(activated carbon 1 tab/kg, enterosgel, polypefam, enterosorb, etc. - but this should not be done if the animal is very lethargic, lethargic, in comatose, cannot swallow or has seizures).

THEN GO TO THE CLINIC IMMEDIATELY, YOU CANNOT DELAY! Take a sample of the poison so that antidotes and dosage can be determined.

2. If there is time before taking the animal to the veterinary clinic - rinse the stomach and intestines with a warm water enema.

3. Consulting with a doctor by phone, you can inject K-1 or K3 (Vikasol) in the dosage that the doctor will indicate .

The approximate dosage of K1 is 2.5 mg for large dogs; 5 mg for small dogs as a single dose subcutaneously or orally if vomiting - NOT intramuscularly.

Be careful, the vitamin from your medicine cabinet may have a different dosage.

4. Take with you, if you have Unithiol, K1 (K3-vicasol), Atropine.

For example, Unithiol is used if an animal has been poisoned by a poison containing, in addition to zoocoumarin, arsenic poisons.

5. You can give your dog water or strong iced tea.

Giving milk is risky!

3) POISONINGOTHER SUBSTANCES

Signs of poisoning in dogs:

Signs of poisoning in dogs vary. Depending on chemical structure Poisoning of a toxic substance in a dog can manifest itself in different ways. Fulminant and acute cases of poisoning are characterized by sudden occurrence and clearly expressed clinical manifestations. Chronic poisoning develops gradually in a dog, and it is quite difficult for the owner or veterinarian to immediately recognize it.

Once in a dog’s body, the poison affects the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, and skin.
The main picture of lightning or acute lesion of certain organs of the dog occurs immediately after poisoning. The dog falls, its head twitches, it grinds its teeth. Repeated vomiting, profuse salivation, and body convulsions may occur. Dogs are often excited, their consciousness is darkened, and they may be prone to aggression. In some cases of poisoning, on the contrary, dogs are depressed, lethargic, do not respond to their names, and hide in dark corners. Within a few hours they develop lesions individual organs and death comes.

General principles of provision first aid dog:
Helping an injured dog is a difficult task not only for dog owners or handlers, but also for experienced veterinarians, since it is usually very difficult to determine what poison the animal was poisoned with. But nevertheless, first aid to the dog should be provided as soon as possible.

If poisoning is suspected or there is a clear picture of poisoning, it is necessary first of all to find out the possible nature of the poison and the routes of its penetration into the body: through the mouth, respiratory organs, skin. Information received from those who were handling the dog at the time of poisoning can help with this.

Residues of food, smells of gas, vomit with a characteristic odor and other evidence found at the site of poisoning can help quickly gain an idea of ​​the nature of the poison. Only then is it possible to provide the right help the injured dog.

Let's consider measures to provide first aid to a dog in case of poisoning with an unknown poison.

Providing assistance consists of the following activities:

a) ensure that the poison does not enter the dog’s body;

b) if the poison has entered the stomach, quickly remove it from the body by giving an emetic;

c) reduce the concentration of poison in gastrointestinal tract by drink plenty of fluids and inducing vomiting, performing cleansing enemas;

d) reduce the concentration of poisons in the blood by bloodletting and simultaneously administering intravenous solutions glucose, sodium chloride, etc. (this procedure is performed only by a veterinarian);

d) promptly restore the impaired functions of the dog’s body.

Almost everything medicines- antidotes, i.e. remedies for helping poisoned dogs are based on the interaction of antidotes with the substances that caused the poisoning. An example is the neutralization of alkalis with acids and, conversely, acids with alkalis. A raster of potassium permanganate of pale pink color oxidizes the poison organic origin, i.e. renders it inactive. To absorb the poison located in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to give animals adsorbents: activated carbon - carbolene, burnt magnesia, chalk, talc, white clay, milk, strong iced tea. To reduce the absorption of poisons, you should use enveloping agents: give the dog a slimy decoction of rolled oats, rice, etc. preferably with added fat or egg white. To quickly remove the poison from the body, the dog is force-fed with plenty of water or diuretic tea.

If a toxic substance gets on the surface of the dog’s body, causes damage to the coat and affects the body by absorption through the skin, then the simplest and the right way first aid - washing off the poison with regular cool water, better with soap.
If it gets on your skin toxic substances, which are easily soluble in fats, such as chlorophos, and are easily absorbed through intact skin, they only need to be washed off cold water, because warm water cutting increases the absorption of venom through the skin.
After providing first aid, you should immediately consult a veterinarian.

Rat poisoning in dogs is uncommon because rodent baits are not very attractive to carnivores. Also, for the effect of the poison to take place, a fairly large dose must be taken. The number of patients seeking veterinary care for dogs poisoned by rodent baits is less than 0.1% of cases.

The risk of a dog eating poisoned baits increases if they are made from meat components. In addition, an animal can become poisoned if it eats several carcasses of a rodent that has died from poison. Rare but serious cases include intoxication with rodenticides (poisons for rodents) of acute action. How to recognize signs of intoxication and what to do if your dog is poisoned by rat poison?

What is rat poison

Rat poison is used to kill rodents. Baits are made with it, usually on a grain basis. They also produce ready-made briquettes, paste or granules.

There are two groups of rodenticides:

• acute agents;
• means of subacute and chronic action.

Only baits with poisons of the second group are available for free sale, since they are less dangerous for humans and animals. On the territory of the Russian Federation, a limited number of rodenticides included in the lists of the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture and Rospotrebnadzor are permitted for use.

Rodenticides related to rat poisons:

If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the signs will depend on the group to which the rodenticide belongs.

Why are rat poisons dangerous for dogs?

The effect of rat poison on dogs is distinguished by the type of toxin.

If a dog has eaten rat poison with anticoagulants, the effect of the toxin will not appear immediately, but after 3-5 days. This is due to the presence of vitamin K reserves in the body.

Symptoms of rat poisoning in a dog

Let's look at the signs of poisoning by rat poison in dogs, which contains anticoagulants (zoocoumarins, coumarins):

• weakness;
• dyspnea;
• pallor of the mucous membranes;
• bleeding from the nose, gums;
• lack of appetite.

In severe cases, bleeding from the rectum, blood in the urine, subcutaneous hemorrhages, abdominal pain, lameness, and coughing up blood are observed. The animal dies from numerous hemorrhages.

With timely veterinary care, the prognosis is favorable - more than 85% of dogs recover. However, owners should be aware that if they are repeatedly poisoned by rat poison, the chances of recovery are less, since the animal becomes hypersensitive to it.

Ratside and zinc phosphide are currently practically not used. If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the symptoms from zinc phosphide will be as follows:

Symptoms of rat poisoning:

Signs develop within a few hours of eating the bait.

What to do if your dog is poisoned by rat poison

Is it possible to save a dog if it is poisoned by rat poison? In most cases, when eating baits with anticoagulants, the outcome is favorable.

What to do if your dog ate rat poison in front of you? The pet is given first aid:

What not to do? You should not induce vomiting if more than 4–6 hours have passed since eating the bait - everything has already passed from the stomach to the intestines. You should also not induce vomiting if the dog has signs of nervous system dysfunction: convulsions, loss of consciousness, paralysis.

You cannot give the animal milk, eggs, vegetable oil, or castor oil. In case of poisoning with zinc phosphide, this only speeds up the absorption of the poison into the blood.

Antidote

In case of poisoning with anticoagulants, the antidote is vitamin K1 - phytomenadione. It is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5–5 mg per kg of dog weight. If it is known that the animal ate bait with a first generation rodenticide, then the dose will be less - 0.25–2.5 mg per kg.

There is no specific antidote for rat poisoning. In the stomach, the poison is bound by drinking a 1% tannin solution.

When eating bait with zinc phosphide, give a 0.5% solution of copper sulfate orally as prescribed by a veterinarian or a 2% solution of baking soda.

Treatment of rat poison poisoning in dogs

When the first signs of dog intoxication appear, seek veterinary help - rat poison poisoning must be distinguished from certain blood diseases. The doctor will make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

1. A long course of vitamin K1 will be required - from one to four weeks, depending on the poison and laboratory blood tests.
2. If possible, a blood or plasma transfusion is given on the first day to replenish red blood cells and reserves of coagulation factors.
3. In case of poisoning with acute poisons, symptomatic treatment is carried out: anticonvulsant and cardiac drugs, restoration of liver function, treatment of pulmonary edema.

Let's summarize. If a dog is poisoned by rat poison, the symptoms and treatment will depend on what active substance was in the bait. The most common poisons are those that interfere with blood clotting (anticoagulants - coumarins, zoocoumarins). The effects of toxins appear a few days after they enter the body. Refusal to feed, weakness, bleeding from the nose and gums develop, and sometimes blood is found in the urine and feces.

Vitamin K1, phytomenadione, is administered subcutaneously as an antidote. Treatment will be required for several weeks. The help of a specialist is mandatory, as various complications may arise. It is also necessary to carry out differential diagnosis from other diseases with similar symptoms.