Hydrochloric acid poisoning poses a particular threat to human life. Often such intoxications are diagnosed in industrial conditions, but the possibility of overdose at home is possible. What to do in case of poisoning?

How does poisoning occur?

Hydrochloric acid – liquid substance without color, but with characteristic pungent odor. One of the strongest acids, capable of dissolving some metals. Easily turns into gas.

Hydrogen chloride is used in the textile industry, tanning, metallurgy of precious metals, in the production of glue and acids.

The substance is present in the stomach in minimal concentration. Acid promotes normalization digestive process, protects the body from harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

At a concentration exceeding 24%, hydrochloric acid can cause irreversible harm to the human body. Vapors formed upon contact with air cause irritation to the visual and respiratory system. There are several factors that can provoke the development of poisoning.

Factors:

• Vapor intoxication is possible when working in areas with poor ventilation,
• Ingestion through negligence, most often occurs in children,
• Hit hydrochloric acid on the epidermis, mucous membrane if the rules for using the reagent are not followed.

Poisoning of the substance at home in adults occurs as a result of use without protective equipment for the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Intoxication can occur when acid is inaccurately poured from one container to another.

Symptoms of acid poisoning

It is impossible not to notice the symptoms of hydrochloric acid intoxication. Signs appear very quickly and differ depending on how the poisoning occurred.

Vapor overdose:

• Painful sensations in chest and throat area,
• Bleeding from the nose,
• In case of poisoning with highly concentrated vapors, blood may be present in the vomit,
• Cough,
• Hoarseness,
• Respiratory disorder
• Eye pain, redness,
• The flow of tears
• Swelling of the lungs, asthma attacks,
• Loss of consciousness.

Ingestion of hydrochloric acid leads to serious disorders and manifests itself with vivid symptoms.

Signs:

1. Burns to the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, gums,
2. Strong, unbearable pain inside,
3. Painful shock
4. Vomiting blood
5. Severe cough
6. Increased salivation
7. Yellowness of the skin,
8. Urine is dark brown
9. Difficulty urinating
10. Soreness in the right side,
11. High concentrations can lead to gastric perforation.
12. Convulsive states
13. Coma.

Skin contact:

• Redness,
• Burning,
• Painful sensations at the site of contact,
• Presence of blisters.

Symptoms become apparent after a short period of time. Period acute poisoning lasts up to two days.

Why is intoxication dangerous?

Hydrochloric acid is particularly dangerous for human body. In case of poisoning with such a substance, it is possible to develop serious complications and dysfunction of the body.

Complications:

1. Impaired liver function, as a result of toxic hepatitis,
2. Bleeding in the stomach due to destroyed walls of the organ,
3. Shock from pain when acid hits a large area,
4. In case of contact with the eyes, visual impairment may occur,
5. Serious problems with the kidneys,
6. Impaired breathing, suffocation, lack of air,
7. Development of a coma.

Such consequences develop gradually depending on the degree of poisoning.

First aid and treatment methods

If signs of poisoning are detected, an ambulance must be called. At home, it is allowed to carry out measures aimed at improving the condition of the victim. First aid for hydrochloric acid poisoning should be carried out quickly to reduce the risk of negative consequences.

Events:

1. If the salt compound gets on the skin, the damaged area is washed a large number cool water. The processing time is at least half an hour.
2. In case of vapor intoxication, the victim is provided with access to fresh air, windows are opened, and tight clothing is unbuttoned.
3. It is recommended to monitor the patient’s condition; if there are no signs of life, resuscitation is carried out.
4. The victim of vapors is allowed to drink warm tea and water. It is recommended to rinse your nose and mouth with cool water.
5. In case of an overdose resulting from ingestion of acid, an ice pack is placed on the stomach to eliminate or reduce possible bleeding.
6. It is not allowed to use any medicines. It is allowed to give the patient a glass of water (mineral alkaline water is possible). You need to drink the liquid in small sips.
7. It is not allowed to rinse the stomach or try to induce vomiting at home. Such first aid can lead to the development of throat burns and bleeding.

Treatment is carried out in medical institution under the supervision of specialists.

Therapy:

• Cleansing the stomach using a probe,
• Using droppers with medicinal solutions,
• Prescribing medications to relieve pain
• The use of medications aimed at restoring the functioning of organs and systems,
• If necessary, inhalation of oxygen and artificial ventilation lungs,
• Carrying out resuscitation therapy in the absence of signs of life,
• Selection of vitamins and special nutrition.

Treatment is carried out in intensive care and then in hospital. The duration depends on the patient's condition and the degree of poisoning.

Prevention in case of poisoning

An overdose of hydrochloric acid can lead to adverse consequences in the form of exacerbation of chronic diseases, disruption of the digestive system. Often after such poisonings people develop peptic ulcer, pathologies of the kidneys and liver are noted. Intoxication adversely affects the respiratory and visual systems.

It is possible to avoid poisoning by following the rules of prevention.

Rules:

• When working with hydrochloric acid, it is required to wear protective equipment,
• The room must be well ventilated, have good ventilation,
• At home use harmful substance not recommended.

Hydrochloric acid poisoning is dangerous for human life. At proper treatment the prognosis is favorable, but the development of negative consequences in the future cannot be ruled out.

Chemical properties of hydrochloric acid - video

IN national economy and in everyday life various concentrated and

weak acids: nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, acetic, oxalic, hydrofluoric and

a number of their mixtures (“aqua regia”).

General symptoms. Inhalation of strong acid vapors causes irritation and burns.

eyes, mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, larynx, nosebleeds, pain in

larynx and lungs.

When acids come into contact with the skin, chemical burns, depth and heaviness

which are determined by the acid concentration and burn area.

When acid enters the body, it is affected digestive tract: sharpest

pain in the mouth, along the esophagus and stomach. Repeated vomiting with

blood, esophageal and gastric bleeding. Significant salivation (profuse

salivation), leading to mechanical asphyxia (suffocation) due to

painful coughing and swelling of the larynx. By the end of the first day in

in severe cases, especially in case of poisoning with vinegar essence, appears

jaundice skin. Urine turns pink to

dark brown. The liver is enlarged and painful on palpation. Phenomenon

reactive peritonitis. On days 2-3, abdominal pain increases, possibly

perforation of the stomach.

Frequent complications are purulent tracheobronchitis and pneumonia, burn

asthenia, cachexia, cicatricial narrowing of the esophagus and stomach. Death may come

in the first hours with symptoms of burn shock.

First aid and treatment. If poisoning occurs from inhalation of vapors,

the victim must be removed from the contaminated atmosphere, rinsed

a sip of water, soda solution(2%) or furatsilin solution (1:5000).

Inside - warm milk with soda or alkaline mineral (Borjomi) water,

mustard plasters on the larynx area. Rinse eyes and drip 1-2 drops of 2% solution

novocaine or 0.5% dicaine solution.

If poisoning occurs due to ingestion of poison, immediate

gastric lavage with copious amounts of water through a tube or tubeless

way. Inside - milk, egg whites, starch, mucous decoctions, oxide

magnesium (burnt magnesia) -- 1 tablespoon per glass of water, swallow pieces

ice, drink vegetable oil(100 g).

Basic principles of symptomatic treatment after hospitalization - combating

painful shock. If dark urine appears, inject bicarbonate into a vein

sodium, cardiovascular drugs, novocaine blockade. In cases

significant blood loss - repeated blood transfusions. Early Application

massive doses of antibiotics, hydrocortisone or ACTH. Vitamin therapy.

Hemostatic agents - vikasol intramuscularly, calcium chloride V

For laryngeal edema, inhalation of penicillin aerosols with ephedrine. In case

the failure of this measure - tracheotomy.

Fast for 2-3 days, then diet N 1a for up to 1.5 months.

Nitric acid. Symptoms: pain and burns of the lips, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus,

stomach. Yellow coloration of the oral mucosa. Vomiting of yellowish bloody substances.

Difficulty swallowing. Abdominal pain and bloating. There is protein and blood in the urine. IN

in severe cases, collapse and loss of consciousness.

First aid: gastric lavage, burnt magnesia or lime water through

5 minutes, 1 tablespoon. Drink plenty of fluids water, ice water, milk

(glasses), raw eggs, raw egg white, fats and oils, mucous decoctions.

Boric acid. Symptoms: vomiting and diarrhea. Headaches. Skin rashes

starting with the face. Decline cardiac activity, collapse.

First aid: gastric lavage, alkaline drink. In case of heart failure

exciting activities.

Sulfuric acid. Symptoms: burns of the lips are blackish in color, mucous membranes are white and

brown color. Vomit is brown, chocolate-colored. First aid - see

Nitric acid.

Hydrochloric acid. Symptoms: burns of the oral mucosa that are blackish in color. First

help - see Nitric acid.

Acetic acid, vinegar essence.

Symptoms: bloody vomiting, grayish-white color of the oral mucosa, odor

vinegar from the mouth.

First aid - see Nitric acid.

Phenols (carbolic acid, lysol, guaiacol). Lethal dose carbolic

acids: 10 g.

Symptoms: dyspepsia, chest pain and abdominal pain, vomiting

admixture of blood, loose stool. Mild poisoning is characterized by dizziness,

stupefaction, headache, severe weakness, cyanosis, increasing shortness of breath. At

In severe poisoning, a coma quickly develops, for which

characterized by constriction of the pupils, respiratory failure similar to mechanical asphyxia

(aspiration of vomit, retraction of the tongue. The phenomena of narcotic drugs predominate

damage to the central nervous system. After 2-3 days, development is possible

acute renal failure, especially for extensive skin burns with Lysol or

carbolic acid solution. Typical dark urine due to oxidation

air of phenol products released with it. Death occurs from paralysis

breathing and decline in cardiovascular activity.

First aid. Restoration of impaired breathing - oral toilet, etc.

Careful gastric lavage through a tube warm water with the addition of 2 tablespoons

spoons activated carbon or burnt magnesia. Saline laxative. Fats in

including castor oil, are contraindicated! If phenol comes into contact with skin

remove clothing that comes into contact with the poison, wash the skin with olive oil (vegetable)

Treatment. Unithiol (10 ml of 5% solution) intramuscularly. Sodium thiosulfate (100 ml

30% solution) drip with glucose into a vein. Bilateral perinephric block

novocaine. Vitamin therapy: ascorbic acid(10 ml 5% solution)

intramuscularly. Forced diuresis (alkalinization of urine and water load).

Cardiovascular drugs. Antibiotics.

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid that has a very pungent odor. This substance is potent and can dissolve various metals.

To obtain it, hydrogen chloride in the form of a gas is dissolved in water. How does poisoning with this substance occur? What symptoms indicate poisoning? How to provide first aid to an injured person?

Intoxication with this substance, or rather its vapors, usually occurs on industrial production, where they work with this component. Typically, such poisoning is associated with an accident:

• If ventilation was damaged at work;
• If corrosion appears on the equipment;
• If during transportation the integrity of the container where the acid is stored is damaged;
• If containers with a toxic substance are depressurized under production conditions.

Particularly dangerous in similar situations be on the lower floors of the enterprise, in the basement, because the vapors of this substance are heavier than air, they are located below.

Poisoning can also occur if a person, when working with acid, does not use the means personal protection, violates safety rules at work.

Intoxication with this dangerous component is also possible in everyday life. The reasons for such poisoning may be the following:

• When pouring hydrochloric acid, a person may accidentally inhale its vapors.
• A person can prepare a solution for external use for the purpose of self-treatment Houses.
• The person used a strong concentration solution to clean plumbing fixtures and in other household conditions.

Intoxication with hydrochloric acid can occur in acute form, and maybe chronic (when a person inhales low doses of acid for a long time).

Symptoms of acute intoxication:

• Conjunctival hyperemia develops;
• Soreness, burning and soreness in the nasopharynx;
• Increased lacrimation;
• Photophobia also develops;
• There is a pain in the eyes;
• The person begins to cough and sneeze heavily;
• Respiratory function is impaired;
• The voice becomes hoarse, in some cases it may disappear altogether;
• Mucous discharge appears from the nose.

If acid vapors get on the epidermis, coagulation necrosis develops - ulcers and erosions appear on the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs.

The systemic effect of poisons begins to appear 3-4 days after direct contact with the poison. appear various diseases bronchopulmonary region, sometimes, if the poisoning is strong enough, asphyxia may occur.

The most dangerous consequence Such poisoning is pulmonary edema.

This dangerous condition manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Heart rate increases greatly;
• There is a cough with foamy pinkish sputum;
• Severe pain appears in the sternum;
• The person becomes very weak;
• Wheezing appears in the lungs;
• The skin becomes cyanotic in color;
• Severe shortness of breath appears.

Symptoms appear within 2 days, over the next 2-3 days they begin to develop in the opposite direction.

If the poisoning is chronic, it becomes the cause of disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, the appearance of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, destruction of tooth enamel, and the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.

When the first signs of such poisoning appear, you need to perform the following actions:

1. Immediately remove the victim from the area where the acid evaporated.
2. Ensure a flow of fresh air - ventilate the room by opening doors and windows; if the victim is wearing clothing that restricts movement, then it must be unbuttoned or removed.
3. If a poisoned person has lost consciousness, then you need to turn him on his side. This is necessary so that in case of vomiting he does not suddenly choke on the vomit.
4. The nasal cavity, as well as the skin that was exposed to acid vapors, should be washed with a soda solution (2%), rinse the mouth with water.
5. You need to rinse your eyes with water for 20-25 (at least) minutes, then drip Novocaine. Instead, you can also use Vaseline oil.
6. Perform inhalation with soda solution.
7. Give the patient milk or still water to drink.

In case of intoxication with vapors of the substance in question, you should contact a doctor in absolutely all cases. After all, such poisoning is very dangerous for human health, and sometimes even for human life.

After providing first aid to the victim, you need to call a medical team as quickly as possible.

Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is extremely toxic to the body. Any contact with hydrogen chloride, as this compound is also called, is dangerous to human health and life and is highly traumatic. Both hydrochloric acid vapors and the liquid itself are poisonous, although the damaging effect is in various ways contact with it varies.

It is visually difficult to distinguish pure hydrochloric acid - HCl - from water, because it is transparent and colorless. However, her sharp strong smell It’s impossible not to feel it, so accidental poisoning can only occur in children who carelessly take a sip from an unidentified bottle that was improperly stored. Well, highly concentrated hydrochloric acid, when uncorked, forms a cloud of smoke (“fog”), which smells just as pungent, by which it can be recognized. The acid that is used in industrial conditions, is technical and has various impurities (for example, iron, which also gives it a faint greenish or yellowish tint.

How does hydrochloric acid poisoning occur?

If you remember school course biology and chemistry, it turns out that hydrochloric acid in a minimum, safe concentration is in the stomach of each of us: this is the active component gastric juice, due to which food is broken down. However, in industrial, laboratory and technical concentrations, hydrochloric acid is a powerful destructive factor.

Poisoning with hydrochloric acid is possible not only in laboratories (it can be obtained by mixing water with hydrogen chloride) or in production (hydrogen chloride is used by the chemical and pharmacological industries, it is also used in food production). Household poisoning It is also possible, because it is used, for example, for cleaning surfaces.

If poisoning occurs in production and in laboratories, the causes are usually negligence, violation of technology and safety precautions when using the substance, or a sudden leak during accidents and depressurization of containers for storing or transporting acid, as well as a ventilation malfunction. The most dangerous thing is to be on the floor or in the lower floors and basements, since the vapors of hydrochloric acid are heavier than air and fall down.

Household vapor poisoning occurs if, when using acid (for cleaning), a person neglects to protect the skin, respiratory system and mucous membranes of the eyes. Contact poisoning through contact of a substance with the skin most often occurs when it is poured into another container or used carelessly.

Symptoms of hydrochloric acid poisoning

How the acid interacts with the tissues and organs of the human body depends on the method of injury.

Hydrochloric acid vapors affect the body through the respiratory tract. It is they who become the “target” of harmful effects, causing:

• pain in the chest and throat area,
• nosebleeds and vomiting of blood in case of high vapor concentrations,
• painful cough.
• hoarseness,
• feeling of lack of air, suffocation,
• pain in the eyes and painful reaction to light,
• redness of the conjunctiva,
• lacrimation,
• asphyxia, swelling of the mucous membranes of the larynx, bronchi, and then the lungs, which can cause the death of the victim.

In order not to miss the signs of a terrible complication - pulmonary edema - it is important to know them. This:

• chest pain,
• severe shortness of breath,
• frothy cough with pinkish sputum,
• wet rales in the lungs,
• lethargy and weakness,
• bluish skin,
• frequent heartbeat.

Liquid acid can also come into contact with the skin and internal organs- depending on the situation. In any case, it necrotizes and cauterizes tissue, destroying proteins, coagulating them (causing so-called coagulation necrosis: the appearance of ulcers and erosions on the mucous membranes).

Contact with acid on the skin causes a burn, which will be the stronger the more concentrated the substance caused it. Relatively minor burn will cause painful redness and burning, more serious – severe pain (up to painful shock), blisters, tissue death, yellowish-gray discoloration of the skin. Acid getting into the eyes is extremely traumatic - it is almost guaranteed to cause partial or total loss vision.

Internal acid damage almost always has the most serious consequences. What happens if you drink hydrochloric acid? Severe burn of mucous membranes over the entire area of ​​contact with it: lips, tongue, teeth and the entire oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines are affected. Externally, the symptoms look like this:

• burning pain inside, which can cause painful shock,
• gray-yellow tint of the affected mucous membranes,
• bloody, painful vomiting and sputum,
• cough accompanied by severe pain,
• possible pulmonary edema and toxic pneumonia,
• profuse salivation,
• yellowing of the skin,
• brown spots on teeth,
• dark brown urine (a sign of kidney damage),
• pain in the right side (a sign of the development of severe liver damage),
• at a high concentration of the substance, perforation of the stomach is possible - it is burned through.

A state of shock, in addition to pain, can also be caused by general intoxication of the body with damage to the liver and kidneys, caused by the destruction and death of body cells.

In a word, if this is a method of suicide, it is extremely painful, excruciating, long-lasting ( acute condition lasts up to 2 days), and most importantly - unreliable, since the modern level of medicine allows us to help even in such cases with timely assistance, but the consequences for health will be extremely severe, up to lifelong disability.

How and with what can you help before the doctors arrive?

The victim, regardless of the method of injury, in case of hydrochloric acid poisoning needs immediate medical care and, as a rule, emergency hospitalization. Therefore, if you find a poisoned person with the above symptoms (an adult or child), or you yourself are injured and conscious, the first thing you need to do is call an ambulance or take him to the hospital.

The next steps are:

• stopping the damaging effects of acid:
  • if these are couples, it is necessary fresh air(open windows or take the victim out of the room);
  • what to do if acid gets on your skin: abundant, long-term rinsing with clean running water (you can also use soapy water), followed by treatment with a weak soda solution (1 tsp per glass of water) and rinsing again;

Important: do not tear off any remaining clothing if it is stuck to the skin!

• • if the substance gets into the eyes, rinse them abundantly with cool water for at least 15-20 minutes.
• Inspection of the scene: if you manage to find a container with remains of the substance, hand it over to doctors for analysis: as we already know, industrial hydrochloric acid contains impurities, which in themselves can be strong toxins.

What is the healing process?

The actual treatment and removal pain syndrome is as follows:

• If mucous membranes are damaged respiratory tract, nose and mouth, rinse with a two percent soda solution, and also prescribe warm milk with soda or Borjomi water, for coughs -
• If it gets into the eyes, doctors will instill an antibiotic (for example, chloramphenicol) and painkillers (Novocaine, Dicaine), and then inject sterile peach or petroleum jelly into the conjunctival sac. Next, it is recommended to wear sunglasses so that your eyes are not further irritated by bright light.
• If the skin is burned, wet furatsilin dressings are applied after washing to prevent the development of infection in the wounds. For minor burns (1st degree), methylene blue can be used. With more severe defeat(2nd degree burn) after treating the skin with alcohol and removing the blisters, a bandage soaked in an anesthetic is applied.
• If the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are damaged, they are treated with a solution of dicaine (2%). Every 2 hours oral cavity treated with a mixture of vegetable oil with an antibiotic and anesthetic.
• If the acid gets inside, into the esophagus and stomach, anesthesia with promedol or morphine is necessary, and then emergency rinsing cold water with the addition of milk or egg white using an oil-treated probe. If it is not possible to rinse the stomach with a tube, antiemetics are not used, but induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue after drinking at least 3-5 glasses of cool water (repeat 3-4 times). It is also necessary to take mucous-enveloping agents internally: beaten egg whites, milk, vegetable oil, mucous decoctions (for example, flaxseed). Small pieces of ice that are swallowed and an ice pack on the stomach also help. Next, forced diuresis is carried out.

Important: soda should not be used internally, as it causes copious discharge gas when reacting with acid, which additionally injures the mucous membranes. Laxatives are also not used, so as not to provoke acid damage to the entire intestine.

• Relieving pain is necessary to prevent shock, so analgesics are prescribed.
• Also appointed symptomatic treatment: cardiac medications for heart problems, detoxification to prevent kidney and liver damage, antibiotics to prevent the development of infections, etc.

Prevention methods

• Store the acid correctly: the container must be special, acid-resistant, and the storage location must be out of reach of children. There should be a marking on the bottle, and so that even a child can understand it, there should be an expressive sticker with symbols mortal danger. Never pour acids into glass drink bottles to prevent children from drinking them by mistake.
• Strictly adhere to all safety rules before and while working with aggressive chemicals: wear gloves and protective clothing to protect your skin, use goggles and a respirator to protect your mucous membranes, and always check the ventilation.

Hydrochloric acid (H Cl)hazard class 3

(concentrated hydrochloric acid)

Colorless, transparent, aggressive, non-flammable liquid with a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride. Represents 36% ( concentrated) a solution of hydrogen chloride in water. Heavier than water. It boils at a temperature of +108.6 0 C, and hardens at a temperature of –114.2 0 C. It dissolves well in water in all proportions, “smoke” in air due to the formation of hydrogen chloride with water vapor and fog droplets. Interacts with many metals, metal oxides and hydroxides, phosphates and silicates. When interacting with metals, it releases a flammable gas (hydrogen); when mixed with other acids, it causes spontaneous combustion of some materials. Destroys paper, wood, fabrics. Causes burns upon contact with skin. Exposure to hydrochloric acid fog, which is formed as a result of the interaction of hydrogen chloride with water vapor in the air, causes poisoning.

Hydrochloric acid is used in chemical synthesis, for processing ores, pickling metals. It is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. Technical hydrochloric acid is produced with a strength of 27.5-38% by weight.

Hydrochloric acid is transported and stored in rubberized (coated with a layer of rubber) metal railway and road tanks, containers, cylinders, which are its temporary storage. Typically, hydrochloric acid is stored in above-ground cylindrical vertical rubberized tanks (volume 50-5000 m3) at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature or in 20-liter glass bottles. Maximum storage volumes 370 tons.

Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in the air inhabited items is 0.2 mg/m 3 in air working area production premises 5 mg/m3. At a concentration of 15 mg/m3, the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes are affected, a sore throat, hoarseness, cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing appear. At concentrations of 50 mg/m3 and above, bubbling breathing occurs, sharp pains behind the sternum and in the stomach area, vomiting, spasm and swelling of the larynx, loss of consciousness. Concentrations of 50-75 mg/m 3 are difficult to tolerate. A concentration of 75-100 mg/m3 is intolerable. A concentration of 6400 mg/m 3 within 30 minutes is lethal. The maximum permissible concentration when using industrial and civil gas masks is 16,000 mg/m 3 .

When eliminating accidents, associated with a spill of hydrochloric acid, it is necessary to isolate the danger zone, remove people from it, stay to the windward side, and avoid low places. Directly at the accident site and in contaminated areas with high concentrations at a distance of up to 50 m from the spill site, work is carried out in insulating gas masks IP-4M, IP-5 (using chemically bound oxygen) or breathing apparatus ASV-2, DASV (using compressed air), KIP-8, KIP-9 (using compressed oxygen) and skin protection products (L-1, OZK, KIKH-4, KIKH-5). At a distance of more than 50 m from the source, where the concentration sharply decreases, skin protective equipment need not be used, and for respiratory protection, industrial gas masks with boxes of brands B, BKF, as well as civilian gas masks GP-5, GP-7, PDF-2D are used , PDF-2Sh complete with an additional cartridge DPG-3 or respirators RPG-67, RU-60M with a box of brand V.

Protective equipment		Time of protective action (hour) at concentrations (mg/m 3)
Name	Brand boxes				5000
Industrial gas masks large size
	BKF
Civilian gas masks GP-5, GP-7, PDF-2D, PDF-2Sh	with DPG-3
Respirators RU-60M, RPG-67

Due to the fact that hydrochloric acid "smoke" in the air with the formation droplets of fog interacting hydrogen chloride with water vapor, the presence in the air is determined hydrogen chloride.

The presence of hydrogen chloride is determined:

In the air of an industrial zone with an OKA-T-N gas analyzer Cl , gas alarm IGS-98-N Cl , universal gas analyzer UG-2 with a measurement range of 0-100 mg/m 3 , gas detector of industrial chemical emissions GPHV-2 in the range of 5-500 mg/m 3 .

In open space – with SIP “CORSAR-X” devices.

Indoors – SIP “VEGA-M”

Neutralizes hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride vapors the following alkaline solutions:

5% aqueous solution caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of soda powder (for example, 50 kg of soda some powder for 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of slaked lime (for example, 50 kg of slaked lime per 950 liters of water);

5% water solution of caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

In the event of a hydrochloric acid spill and there is no embankment or pan, the spill site is fenced off with an earthen rampart, hydrogen chloride vapor is precipitated by placing a water curtain (water consumption is not standardized), the spilled acid is neutralized to safe concentrations with water (8 tons of water per 1 ton of acid) in compliance with all measures precautions or a 5% aqueous solution of alkali (3.5 tons of solution per 1 ton of acid) and neutralize 5% aqueous solution of alkali (7.4 tons of solution per 1 ton of acid).

To spray water or solutions, watering and fire trucks, auto-filling stations (ATs, PM-130, ARS-14, ARS-15), as well as hydrants and special systems available at chemically hazardous facilities, are used.

To dispose of contaminated soil at the site of a hydrochloric acid spill, the surface layer of soil is cut off to the depth of contamination, collected and transported for disposal using earthmoving vehicles (bulldozers, scrapers, motor graders, dump trucks). The cut areas are covered with a fresh layer of soil and washed with water for control purposes.

Leader actions: isolate the danger zone within a radius of at least 50 meters, remove people from it, stay to the windward side, avoid low places. Enter the accident area only in full protective clothing.

Providing first aid:

In the contaminated area: rinse eyes and face generously with water, put on anti-vogaza, urgent withdrawal (removal) from the outbreak.

After evacuating a contaminated area: warming, rest, washing off the acid from exposed skin and clothing with water, washing the eyes abundantly with water, if breathing is difficult, apply heat to the neck area, subcutaneously - 1 ml. 0.1% atropine sulfate solution. Immediate evacuation to a medical facility.