Measles vaccination when. Do people who have had measles need to be vaccinated? Medical contraindications to vaccination

Each of us knows that it is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later. The same can be said about measles. Universal vaccination has reduced the number of cases of this disease by 90%. Which once again proves the effectiveness of vaccination.

Danger of measles

Measles is called dangerous viral infection, transmitted by airborne droplets, to which unvaccinated children are more susceptible. Among adults and adolescents, this disease is diagnosed much less frequently.

The source of infection is usually a sick person. The incubation period for measles is 7-17 days. In a normal environment, the virus dies quickly enough, so to protect others it is enough to simply ventilate the room in which the patient was.

Measles can lead to the following complications:

pneumonia;
encephalitis - inflammation of the brain;
Thrombocytopenia is a significant decrease in the number of platelets in a person’s blood. In case of illness, their number decreases to 150*109/l or less, with the norm being 180-320*109/l;
ear infections.

To date, measles vaccination is the only in an effective way infection prevention dangerous virus. Since small children who come into contact with other children are most susceptible to it, measles vaccination was introduced in mandatory schedule vaccinations.

women of childbearing age;
medical and educational institutions where there is a risk of infection;
for those planning to visit countries where measles cases have been reported.

If a person has been in contact with a person with measles, he is recommended to undergo unscheduled vaccination within 3-7 days from the date of contact.

Find out Dr. Komarovsky's opinion regarding measles vaccination in the video:

Contraindications

Despite the importance of vaccination, measles vaccinations are contraindicated in the following cases:

allergic reactions to other vaccines and medications;
the presence of HIV infection in the human body;
cancer;
woman's pregnancy;
tuberculosis disease;
taking blood products;
during acute period any disease;
if there are violations in immune system, which is observed after organ transplantation;
if checked insufficient quantity platelets in the patient's blood.

Vaccination for children

The vaccination schedule depends on whether it is a planned vaccination or an emergency one.

Scheduled vaccination according to the vaccination calendar is carried out for the first time every 1-1.5 years of the baby. The second vaccination is given at 6 years of age. The minimum permissible interval between vaccinations cannot be less than 4 years. Modern vaccines work well together. Therefore, the measles vaccine is often given together with the rubella and rubella vaccinations.

The measles vaccine is quite reliable and protects the child for long period. A repeat dose, which is administered during revaccination, is necessary to ensure that the child receives lasting immunity for life.

But there are situations when a deviation from the vaccination schedule is required:

When a case of measles is diagnosed, the vaccine is given to everyone who was in direct contact with the patient. This category includes everyone aged 1 to 40 years who has not had this disease and has not received vaccinations according to the calendar.
If a woman gives birth to a child whose body does not have antibodies to the disease, it is recommended to vaccinate him at the age of 8 months. This will make it possible to reduce the likelihood of infection of the baby. He will be vaccinated a second time at the age of 15 months and beyond according to the calendar.
At the age of six months, children who live in regions with a difficult epidemiological situation are vaccinated against measles.

The vaccine should be administered under the skin in the forearm area (for children) or under the shoulder blade (for adults).

It can only be done in vaccination clinics. There you are required to provide all the information regarding the drug. If a patient suffers from any type of allergy, before administering the vaccine, a special test must be carried out under the supervision of an allergist.

Those who have already had measles do not need to be vaccinated, since after recovery a person develops stable, lifelong immunity and is no longer afraid of the virus.

Side effects

Used to vaccinate children against measles live vaccine with a weakened virus. Therefore, approximately 10% of vaccinated children may develop vaccine measles - light form diseases. Its symptoms include fever and slight skin rash, which are completely harmless to others and are easier to tolerate than ordinary measles.

Extremely in rare cases Vaccinated children are diagnosed with measles. However, this percentage is too small and is comparable to the number of cases in which a child was infected with the virus twice.

Simply put, without vaccination, the risk of the disease is 100%, while a person who has been vaccinated or has already had measles can only get sick in 0.5% of cases. At the same time reinfection and infection of vaccinated children is always mild.

Features of adult vaccination

Despite the fact that measles has always been considered a childhood disease, adults can also encounter it. In addition, in adulthood, the disease is much more difficult to tolerate and can cause complications. People whose bodies lack vitamin A are primarily susceptible to the disease. Therefore, all adults who do not monitor their diet are at risk.

In order not to expose yourself to danger, it is recommended that all adults who have not had this infection and were not vaccinated in childhood be vaccinated against measles. This especially applies to those who are in contact with a large number people and have a weakened immune system.

The administration of the drug is tolerated quite easily by adults, and the vaccination itself can protect against the disease for 19 years.

Vaccination and pregnancy

Any virus is very dangerous for pregnant women and developing fetus. In case of illness on early stages pregnancy, women experience miscarriage. If the pregnancy was maintained, then almost half of the children begin to develop various pathologies. Modern polyvalent vaccines contain a minimal amount of virus and are therefore considered gentle on the fetus. If a woman does get measles during pregnancy, she is given an injection of immunoglobulin.

To avoid infection during pregnancy, doctors recommend that a woman be vaccinated at the stage of planning pregnancy. After giving birth, a woman will be able to get vaccinated no earlier than 2-3 weeks later.

Possible consequences

Often, the measles vaccine does not cause adverse reactions. In isolated cases, body temperature may rise and skin rashes may appear. All adverse reactions go away on their own within a few days.

Children with allergies are susceptible to urticaria, angioedema, or even anaphylactic shock after administration of the drug. An increase in temperature in such children can lead to seizures. To prevent such reactions, pediatricians recommend giving the child paracetamol on the 5th day after the vaccine is administered.

In extremely rare cases, when the vaccine is initially administered to children who have not previously had measles, encephalitis and thrombocytopenia may develop.

In any case, it should be remembered that vaccination rarely leads to complications, but it can save health and life in the event of infection with a dangerous virus.

Measles vaccines

There are monovaccines and polyvaccines, which contain components that protect not only against the measles virus. The monovaccine is usually used to vaccinate adults.

Children are recommended to be vaccinated with a divaccine (measles and mumps) or a trivaccine (measles-rubella-mumps). In terms of tolerability, they are all identical and are capable of protecting a person from infections for a long period.

Experts' opinion about measles and vaccination against this disease in the video:

Is it possible to get sick after vaccination?

There is a chance of contracting the measles virus after vaccination, but it is minimal. Most often, people who get measles get only one instead of two recommended vaccinations. After all, it is after revaccination that stable immunity is formed in the human body.

There is also a possibility of infection for a person who was vaccinated more than 10 years ago and was not revaccinated. This is due to the fact that over time (usually 10-20 years) the protection decreases, which can cause the virus to develop in the human body.

When faced with the choice of whether to vaccinate their child against measles or not, parents should always remember that this is the only way to prevent their child from contracting a dangerous infection. In case of infection, the vaccine can reduce the possibility of developing complications to zero.

Many infections are much more dangerous for adults than for children. One such disease is measles, which kills 165,000 people worldwide every year. Recent years The incidence of measles in adults in Russia has become more frequent due to a decrease in immunity against this disease. People born after 1956 have lost their immunity, which was acquired as a result of vaccination at 1 year of age or after an illness. Measles vaccinations were mandatory for children in Russia in 1980. In 2014, Russia introduced routine measles vaccination for all adults. Vaccinations are carried out with the LCV vaccine (live measles culture vaccine).

At what age can adults be vaccinated against measles? Should I get this vaccine or not? - let's look at these questions.

What kind of disease is measles? Measles is considered a childhood infection, but adults can also get it. The causative agent of the disease is an RNA virus from the Morbillivirus family. Infection occurs from another patient. The virus is transmitted through contact by sneezing, coughing, or runny nose. The incubation period is 1–2 weeks. The disease becomes contagious within the last 2 days incubation period when there are no signs of the disease yet. The disease begins with general symptoms:

runny nose, cough, sore throat;
temperature rise to 39–40 °C;
conjunctivitis, accompanied by photophobia and lacrimation;
swelling of the cheeks and face;
spots localized on the mucous membrane of the cheeks near the molars and on the gums appear on the 3rd day;
rash all over the body.

Filatov-Kolsky spots on the oral mucosa are an important sign for diagnosis. Skin rashes differ in the order of appearance and disappearance. It appears on the 3rd day from the day the temperature rises, first on the face, neck, chest, then moves to the torso and limbs. The rashes last for 3 days and begin to fade and disappear in the same order in which they appeared. Specific treatment no for measles.

How dangerous is measles for adults? Measles in adults significantly reduces immunity. The disease is much more severe than in children. The following complications often occur:

pneumonia caused by measles virus or bacterial infection;
bronchitis;
otitis;
hepatitis;
sinusitis;
eye damage in the form of keratitis leads to loss of vision in 20% of cases;
eustachitis occurs in severe form and may lead to hearing loss or hearing loss;
meningitis;
meningoencephalitis.

Dangerous complications of measles in adults:

Meningoencephalitis is a viral infection nervous system person. The complication occurs in 0.6% of cases. After the temperature drops at the end of the rash, the temperature suddenly rises sharply again, consciousness becomes confused, and convulsions appear. There is no specific treatment. Measles encephalitis is the cause of death in 25% of cases. The only thing effective remedy protect yourself from dangerous infection- vaccination of children and adults against measles.

When to vaccinate?

Within national program routine vaccination for measles in adults is regulated by a schedule. There is a specific vaccination schedule throughout the country that determines when and how many times adults should be vaccinated against measles. Free vaccination is provided to people under 35 years of age who have not been sick before and have not been vaccinated or who do not have information about their vaccinations. Those persons who have had contact with measles patients, regardless of age, are vaccinated without payment, if they have not been vaccinated before and have not had this disease. For other persons, paid vaccination is carried out.

Adults receive 2 vaccinations with a 3-month interval between them. If an adult has been vaccinated against measles once, then he is vaccinated from the very beginning, according to a 2-fold schedule.

There is no revaccination against measles in adults. Immunity after a double vaccination lasts for at least 12 years or more.

Where do adults get the measles vaccine? It is done in the upper third of the shoulder subcutaneously or intramuscularly. It is not recommended to vaccinate in the gluteal region due to the abundant subcutaneous fat layer. The vaccine is not given into the skin, where a lump may form. In both cases, vaccination rules are violated. Intravenous administration vaccines are contraindicated.

According to WHO, in 2013 the epidemiological situation with measles worsened in 36 EU countries, where 26,000 cases of infection were recorded. Most cases of the disease are observed in Germany, Turkey, and Italy. Currently, fatal measles infections have been reported in Georgia and Ukraine. In Russia, cases of imported measles infection from countries visited by Russian tourists have become more frequent: China, Singapore, Italy, Thailand, Turkey.

When planning a trip abroad, find out when adults are vaccinated against measles. Vaccination against measles is done according to the planned calendar, but you can get an emergency vaccination at any time a month before your expected departure.

What vaccines are used?

“Live cultural measles vaccine” is produced in Russia and registered in 2007. The virus for it is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.
MMR II, manufactured by Merck Sharp&Dohme (Holland). Live vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella.
"Priorix" produced in Belgium by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. Live measles, mumps, rubella vaccine.

Which vaccine to choose - domestic or imported? The Priorix and MMR II vaccines are complex; they produce immunity against 3 diseases at once: measles, rubella, and mumps. Priorix can be used for vaccination not only against three infections simultaneously, but also separately for each disease.

The Russian vaccine produces antibodies only against measles.

All drugs have typed viruses and form stable immunity. Complex vaccines are interchangeable. Vaccination can be done with one vaccine, and revaccination with another.

According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the Russian vaccine is supplied to clinics. Imported vaccines are purchased at your own expense.

The virus for the live measles culture vaccine is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.

Live measles cultural vaccine is given in a dosage of 0.5 milliliters twice with an interval of 3 months. Immunity is provided for a period of about 20 years.

The MMR II and Priorix vaccines in adults are given a single dose of 0.5 ml at any age and repeated every 10 years.

Indications for vaccination for adults. The vaccine is given:

for routine vaccination of all adults against rubella, measles and mumps at the same time;
For emergency prevention when planning travel;
emergency prevention is done in case of contact with a person with measles; the vaccine in such cases is administered within 3 days after contact.

Vaccination when planning a trip abroad should be carried out 1 month before the planned trip.

Vaccination contraindications for adults. Measles vaccination for adults has contraindications. Temporary contraindications are respiratory infection or exacerbation of existing diseases. In this case, the vaccination is delayed for a month.

Absolute contraindications:

allergic reaction to chicken and quail eggs;
allergy to antibiotics;
allergic reaction to a previous vaccination;
pregnancy and lactation period.

What reactions can there be to the vaccine?

Typically, adults have a mild reaction to the measles vaccine:

redness at the injection site;
elevated temperature no more than 37.5 °C;
runny nose, cough;
joint pain.

The measles vaccine sometimes causes dangerous side effects in adults:

allergic shock;
hives;
perhaps the appearance allergic edema Quincke.

After vaccination against measles, adults rarely experience severe consequences:

encephalitis;
myocarditis;
meningitis;
myocarditis;
pneumonia.

To avoid a severe reaction to a vaccine, adults must be healthy on the day of vaccination. Before vaccination, you should consult your doctor and inform him of any allergies to antibiotics or chicken protein and do not eat unfamiliar foods.

Due to the deterioration of the epidemiological situation in Russia and in all countries of the world, there is an urgent need to routinely vaccinate all adults against measles. Vaccinations are carried out according to schedule National calendar Russian and imported vaccines. All vaccinations are safe, interchangeable and effective. In order to minimize the occurrence of complications, you need to prepare for vaccination.

It appears twice in the vaccination calendar. This drug stimulates the production of active immunity against infection. The vaccination itself is tolerated differently by children, so you need to know the basics. side effects and complications.

Should your child be vaccinated against measles?

Pediatricians are increasingly faced with a situation where mothers, doubting the effectiveness and necessity of vaccination, ask them whether to get vaccinated against measles. All doctors clearly adhere to the rule that all vaccinations due to a child must be carried out in accordance with the calendar. This is the only way to form a reliable, strong immune system in your baby for many years to come.

The measles virus is highly virulent - entry of the pathogen into the body leads to the development of the disease in almost 100% of cases (in the absence of vaccination). Infectious disease In most cases, it is well tolerated by children who do not have an immune deficiency and do not have chronic diseases. However, even in this case, it is impossible to completely exclude complications of measles, which may appear some time after recovery.

What vaccination is given against measles?

In the CIS countries, the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine is used to prevent this disease. You can often see the abbreviated name of the vaccine - . One injection eliminates the need for mumps and rubella vaccinations, which are also common childhood infections. Among the actively used drugs for vaccination against measles:

1. Mono-vaccines (measles component only):

Ruwax;
dry measles vaccine.

2. Combination vaccines:

Priorix (measles, rubella, mumps);
Trimovax (imported PDA);
mumps-measles vaccine.

KPK - composition

The vaccine measles rubella mumps is a homogeneous porous mass of white or pinkish color. For administration, the drug is diluted colorless clear liquid without impurities and odor, which comes in a separate bottle. Compound combination vaccine Priorix fully complies with the requirements World Organization healthcare to production biological drugs. This measles vaccine contains:

3.5 lgTCD50 live attenuated measles virus, Schwartz strain;
4.3 lgTCD50 live attenuated mumps virus strain RIT4385;
3.5 lgTCD50 live attenuated rubella virus strain Wistar RA 27/3.

The PDA also contains additional components:

neomycin sulfate;
lactose;
amino acids;
sorbitol;
mannitol

How is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine tolerated?

The reaction to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine is not severe in most patients. A rise in body temperature to 37–38 degrees and a slight malaise in the child, which lasts no more than 3 days, are common. In children with a predisposition to allergies, a rash may appear between 4 and 15 days after vaccination. It is pale pink in color and covers the child’s arms, face, and torso. Occurs in one in twenty vaccinated people. Among others possible options reactions to the introduction of measles vaccination should be distinguished:

Joint pain– in the first 3 weeks, inflammation of the hand and finger joints may appear. Symptoms of this kind do not require treatment; they go away on their own.
Allergic reactions- in most cases develops on additional component vaccines, not the active substance.
Pain at the injection site, slight swelling. Pain and numbness at the injection site are normal phenomena after MMR vaccination.
Increase lymph nodes – observed within 3–4 days.
Catarrhal phenomena– cough appears.

Which measles vaccine is best?

Measles vaccine is included in the list mandatory vaccinations, so parents often ask the question: which of the vaccines on the market is better? In practice, all measles vaccines have equal efficiency and trigger an immune response. However, some drugs are less well tolerated by children. Mothers themselves give preference to the means imported production, even considering that you have to purchase them at your own expense.

Timing of measles vaccination

When they get vaccinated against measles for the first time, many mothers find out what kind of vaccine it is only when vaccination room. In most cases, they strictly follow the instructions of the local pediatrician who issued the referral for vaccination. This first happens after the baby turns 12 months old. This is the time for the first measles vaccination.

In order to develop lasting immunity, the measles vaccine must be repeated. It is done in most cases at school or before entering an educational institution. In this case, the child must be 6 years old - the period for reintroduction vaccines. Doctors call this revaccination. People are no longer vaccinated against measles during their lifetime.

MMR vaccination - where is it done?

The measles vaccine should be administered exclusively intramuscularly. The specific injection site is determined by the patient’s age: during the first vaccination for babies it is given in the thigh, revaccination for children is given in the shoulder. The procedure itself is no different from a regular injection in terms of its specifics. The nurse first dissolves the vaccine with a special liquid that comes with the dry substance. Maintaining sterility is prerequisite and prevents complications.

MMR vaccination - consequences

The measles vaccine causes serious complications after use. However, they cannot be completely excluded. Conventionally, all consequences can be divided according to severity into:

Light degree: rash, temperature above 38, lymphadenitis (occurs in the first 7–12 days).
Average degree: the appearance of seizures, thrombocytopenia, impaired blood clotting, joint pain.
Severe: hearing loss, decrease mental abilities, brain damage, coma. Such complications are extremely rare and are recorded only once in several thousand vaccinated people.

Measles vaccination - contraindications

The day before the appointment MMR vaccination, the doctor carefully examines the child, assessing his condition. A mandatory procedure is thermometry - measuring body temperature. At increased rate vaccination is postponed. Other contraindications to vaccination against measles include:

ARVI, acute respiratory infections;
weakened immunity;
the presence of a severe version of the previous dose of the vaccine;
the presence of allergic reactions to components – neomycin, gelatin;
management of blood products on the eve of vaccination (plasma, immunoglobulins);
presence of cold symptoms (cough, runny nose);
oncological diseases.

Can you get measles after vaccination?

Many mothers consider this vaccine useless, since vaccination does not provide 100% protection against the disease. However, in practice, measles occurs after vaccination in no more than 5% of cases. At the same time, a pattern was noticed: more often the infection occurs when the measles vaccination was administered to children once, and revaccination was not carried out. As a result, lasting immunity against measles is not formed.

According to the observations of virologists, those who were first vaccinated more than 10 years ago and have not been revaccinated since then get measles more often. After this time, the immune response weakens, so any decrease protective forces organism can lead to the development of measles when the pathogen enters the body. If you follow the vaccination schedule and receive timely vaccinations, the likelihood of contracting measles is low.

Measles is a dangerous infection. It most often affects children under 5 years of age. You can become infected with a “childhood disease” at any age. Measles is especially dangerous for pregnant women and people with chronic pathologies.

And the probability of infection upon contact with a patient is 100%. In our country there is an annual increase in incidence. Therefore, doctors advise adults to do it without fail.

Mechanism of action and names of measles vaccines

The measles virus is very mobile and easily travels long distances. It is transmitted through the air or directly through contact with a sick person. First, the nasopharynx becomes infected, and then the entire body.

Only vaccination can prevent infection. Measles immunization has been carried out around the world for more than 50 years. How does it work?

Once inside, the measles virus induces a cellular immune response: the body immediately begins an “attack” on the hostile protein material, producing specific antibodies that eventually neutralize the virus, remaining in the blood for many years. There are monovalent (contain one type of antigen) or combination drugs(from several infections).

Measles immunization is carried out with live vaccines. This means that the virus in their composition is weakened in a special way (but not killed). Thus, it cannot infect the body, but is able to induce in it the amount of antibodies necessary for lasting immunity.

Live vaccines have their advantages:

a small dose of antigens is required, since vaccine viruses independently replicate in the body;
1 dose is enough to form protective immunity;
do not contain adjuvants;
less .

The following are licensed and used in our country:

(Russia). Protection guaranteed for 18 months;
Divaccine( . This domestic development. Recommended for revaccination for adults;
Priorix– 3-component drug (measles, ). British remedy. Made in Belgium. A high degree of purification determines low radiotogenicity;
Ruwax(France). Single drug. The effect of the injection lasts up to 20 years;
MMR II– 3-valent vaccine (). For routine and emergency immunization.

If simultaneous injections are expected, then the procedure is carried out with different syringes and in various areas bodies. When the injections are given more than once, the time interval between the live measles vaccine and the inactivated antihepatitis drug can be any.

How to vaccinate an adult against measles in a clinic?

Vaccines used in state clinics, as a rule, domestic production. More often these are single drugs, sometimes they are Divaccine. If the decision to immunize is made, you first need to go to the treatment room of the clinic at your place of residence.

There you will learn about the vaccination schedule. This is followed by a mandatory visit to a therapist.

After studying your medical history and performing an examination, the doctor will either make a positive decision for immunization or suggest additional examination. An ECG or x-ray may be needed.

All necessary procedures and tests must be carried out. If you have allergic reactions– warn your doctor about this. This is the only way to avoid negative post-injection symptoms. An important condition is to be healthy at the time of vaccination.

Mumps-measles vaccine (Divaccine)

Vaccination can be done in private clinics. Nowadays there are more and more such hospitals, so when choosing, you should definitely find out whether the commercial medical institution has a license to carry out such practices. Among the advantages of such vaccination is the procedure at home.

IN major cities There are special immunological centers where vaccination is carried out by accredited specialized specialists.

How much do measles vaccines cost: price in pharmacies

IN public clinics Measles vaccination is free. It makes sense to buy drugs at a pharmacy if you decide to do paid immunization.

The cost of vaccines varies slightly by region of the country and is (rub/dose):

Cultured measles vaccine – 475-520;
Divaccine (measles, mumps) 300-400;
Priorix – 1000;
Ruvax – 500;
MMR II – 600.

To the cost of one injection, the price for a mandatory medical examination should be added. IN paid clinic it (depending on the region and the pricing policy of the institution) will vary from 600 to 1000 rubles.

Is it possible to bathe and drink alcohol after vaccination?

Correct patient behavior after injection - important condition to exclude possible complications. Regarding water procedures after measles vaccination, they are not prohibited.

The main rule is clean water. For this reason, it is better not to swim in bodies of water for the first days after the procedure to avoid the risk of infection of the wound. Can I drink alcohol? To date, no negative connection between vaccination and alcohol has been established.

To help the body cope with the virus, do not weaken it by drinking alcohol.

Video on the topic

Should adults be vaccinated against measles? Doctor Komarovsky answers:

In recent years, our country has seen an unstable epidemiological picture. Therefore, measles vaccination for adults is required rather than recommended. The vaccines used are safe.

Choose domestic or imported drugs, they are equally effective. Do not be afraid of vaccination, it is not scary for an adult body. It would be much sadder to get seriously ill with measles and regret the missed opportunity to get vaccinated.

Many infections are much more dangerous for adults than for children. One such disease is measles, which kills 165,000 people worldwide every year. In recent years, the incidence of measles in adults in Russia has become more frequent due to a decrease in immunity against this disease. People born after 1956 have lost their immunity, which was acquired as a result of vaccination at 1 year of age or after an illness. Measles vaccinations were mandatory for children in Russia in 1980. In 2014, Russia introduced routine measles vaccination for all adults. Vaccinations are carried out with the LCV vaccine (live measles culture vaccine).

At what age can adults be vaccinated against measles? Should I get this vaccine or not? - let's look at these questions.

What kind of disease is measles?

Measles is considered a childhood infection, but adults can also get it. The causative agent of the disease is an RNA virus from the Morbillivirus family. Infection occurs from another patient. The virus is transmitted through contact by sneezing, coughing, or runny nose. The incubation period is 1–2 weeks. The disease becomes contagious already in the last 2 days of the incubation period, when there are not even signs of the disease. The disease begins with general symptoms:

runny nose, cough, sore throat;
temperature rise to 39–40 °C;
conjunctivitis, accompanied by photophobia and lacrimation;
swelling of the cheeks and face;
spots localized on the mucous membrane of the cheeks near the molars and on the gums appear on the 3rd day;
rash all over the body.

Why is measles dangerous for adults?

Measles in adults significantly reduces immunity. The disease is much more severe than in children. The following complications often occur:

pneumonia caused by measles virus or bacterial infection;
bronchitis;
otitis;
hepatitis;
eye damage in the form of keratitis leads to loss of vision in 20% of cases;
pyelonephritis;
Eustachitis is severe and can lead to hearing loss or hearing loss;
meningitis;
meningoencephalitis.

Dangerous complications of measles in adults:

Meningoencephalitis is a virus affecting the human nervous system. The complication occurs in 0.6% of cases. After the temperature drops at the end of the rash, the temperature suddenly rises sharply again, consciousness becomes confused, and convulsions appear. There is no specific treatment. Measles encephalitis is the cause of death in 25% of cases.

The only effective way to protect yourself from a dangerous infection is to vaccinate children and adults against measles.

When to vaccinate

As part of the national program, routine measles vaccination for adults is regulated by a schedule. There is a specific vaccination schedule throughout the country that determines when and how many times adults should be vaccinated against measles. Free vaccination is provided to people under 35 years of age who have not been sick before and have not been vaccinated or who do not have information about their vaccinations. Those persons who have had contact with measles patients, regardless of age, are vaccinated without payment, if they have not been vaccinated before and have not had this disease. For other persons, paid vaccination is carried out.

There is no revaccination against measles in adults. Immunity after a double vaccination lasts for at least 12 years or more.

What vaccines are used

“Live cultural measles vaccine” is produced in Russia and registered in 2007. The virus for it is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.

MMR II, manufactured by Merck Sharp&Dohme (Holland). Live vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella.

"Priorix" produced in Belgium by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. Live measles, mumps, rubella vaccine.

Which vaccine to choose - domestic or imported?

The Priorix and MMR II vaccines are complex; they produce immunity against 3 diseases at once: measles, rubella, and mumps. Priorix can be used for vaccination not only against three infections simultaneously, but also separately for each disease.

The Russian vaccine produces antibodies only against measles.

All drugs have typed viruses and form stable immunity. Complex vaccines are interchangeable. Vaccination can be done with one vaccine, and revaccination with another.

According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the Russian vaccine is supplied to clinics. Imported vaccines are purchased at your own expense.

The virus for the live measles culture vaccine is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.

Live measles cultural vaccine is given in a dosage of 0.5 milliliters twice with an interval of 3 months. Immunity is provided for a period of about 20 years.

The MMR II and Priorix vaccines in adults are given a single dose of 0.5 ml at any age and repeated every 10 years.

Indications for vaccination for adults

The vaccine is given:

for routine vaccination of all adults against rubella, measles and mumps at the same time;
for emergency prevention when planning travel;
emergency prevention is done in case of contact with a person with measles; the vaccine in such cases is administered within 3 days after contact.

Vaccination when planning a trip abroad should be carried out 1 month before the planned trip.

Vaccination contraindications for adults

Measles vaccination for adults has contraindications. Temporary contraindications are respiratory infection or exacerbation of existing diseases. In this case, the vaccination is delayed for a month.

Absolute contraindications:

allergic reaction to chicken and quail eggs;
allergy to antibiotics;
allergic reaction to a previous vaccination;
pregnancy and lactation period.

What reactions can there be to the vaccine?

Typically, adults have a mild reaction to the measles vaccine:

redness at the injection site;
elevated temperature no more than 37.5 °C;
runny nose, cough;
joint pain.

The measles vaccine sometimes causes dangerous side effects in adults:

allergic shock;
hives;
possibly the appearance of allergic Quincke's edema.

After vaccination against measles, adults rarely experience severe consequences:

encephalitis;
myocarditis;
meningitis;
myocarditis;
pneumonia.

Due to the deterioration of the epidemiological situation in Russia and in all countries of the world, there is an urgent need to routinely vaccinate all adults against measles. Vaccinations are carried out according to the National Calendar schedule with Russian and imported vaccines. All vaccinations are safe, interchangeable and effective. In order to minimize the occurrence of complications, you need to prepare for vaccination.

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