Tooth decay in young children is a common problem. If you do not prevent the disease and do not treat the affected teeth, you can get many complications. Caries of primary teeth in young children develops rapidly, so treatment must be carried out as soon as the problem is discovered.

Do caries need to be treated?

Many parents wonder whether it is necessary to treat caries of baby teeth, because they will fall out anyway. You are mistaken if you think this is not necessary. Caries quickly affects a child's tooth, and the infection can spread to the root and gums. Often, due to the disease, abscesses and tissue suppuration occur, which is dangerous for the child’s body. In such cases, simple fillings are not enough. The only way out is to remove the diseased tooth, which children are afraid of, and this traumatizes their immature psyche.

Removal can ruin the baby’s bite, cause speech impairment, and bad smell from the mouth. An ugly smile can cause many complexes, children will make fun of him. Therefore, you should carefully approach solving this problem and try to prevent the occurrence of caries.

Important! Most often, the disease occurs in babies under one year of age who have only recently erupted teeth. Every tenth child experiences this disease - caries of baby teeth.

Causes of caries

The reason for such rapid growth and proliferation of caries in the mouth may be various factors that contribute to this. One of the reasons is the entry of pathogenic microflora into the oral cavity, which contains microbes that cause the destruction of tooth enamel. This can happen if parents lick the baby's spoon, pacifier, give food from their mouth, or kiss the baby hard on the lips.

Insufficient compliance with hygiene rules; the child rarely brushes his teeth or does it incorrectly.
If your baby's diet contains a lot of sugar, tooth decay may occur. Sweet environments are an excellent place for the growth of bacteria that cause diseases in the oral cavity.
Young children eat mostly soft foods that do not need to be chewed thoroughly. This leads to a decrease in the secretion of saliva, which naturally cleanses the oral cavity.
With food, the baby receives little calcium, and as a result, the teeth begin to deteriorate.
Incorrect formation of teeth in the womb, due to past diseases or taking illegal drugs.
Taking food or liquid through a pacifier has a negative effect. Food comes into contact with teeth for a long time, which is why caries appears faster.
If your parents bad teeth, then there is a high probability that this will be passed on to the offspring.
With rickets, tooth enamel is destroyed.

Important! Water that has increased content fluoride can cause decay and illness in a child's mouth.

Photos of caries of baby teeth in children

Symptoms of the disease

The classic onset of the disease is the appearance of a small white spot. At first you may not even notice it. The child has no painful sensations, he eats his usual food without discomfort. Identifying the problem at this stage is not so easy. IN for preventive purposes It is recommended to visit a doctor once every six months. The dentist may coat the teeth with a special substance that will discolor the affected areas, or examine the oral cavity with a special optical instrument.

Without adequate treatment, caries develops at the white spot stage. Appear on baby teeth dark spots, small holes. The child begins to complain of pain when eating hot, cold or sweet foods; food may get stuck between the teeth. Over time, the affected areas increase in size, the pain becomes more noticeable and sharp, and bad breath appears.

How does caries affect a child’s body?

untreated caries is a source of infection in the body and can cause other diseases in the baby (sinusitis, sore throat, otitis media);
damage to the gums and soft tissues of the oral cavity, blood poisoning;
the destruction of baby teeth can negatively affect the formation of permanent teeth;
the child begins to eat poorly;
there is sleep disturbance due to pain;
the bite changes, speech defects may appear.

Photos of caries in children, initial stage

Treatment of teeth affected by caries

To treat such a disease, the same methods can be used as for treating adults. The only point that parents need to pay attention to is how to prepare the child mentally for the treatment procedure as much as possible. To date, many methods have been developed painless treatment both dairy and permanent teeth in children, but psychological factor remains the responsibility of mom or dad. Let's look at the most common treatment methods.

Remineralization

Remineralization of enamel or restoration of tooth tissue. A special substance is applied to the cleaned tooth surface, which contains a lot of calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus. This will restore damaged enamel. The procedure must be repeated every six months. It is used for the early stages of the disease, when large holes have not yet formed. Also this ideal method Treatments without a drill for very young children.

Remineralization of teeth in a child

Silvering

Silvering is a coating of the surface of teeth with silver nitrate that protects the enamel from destruction. Silvering produces a bactericidal effect. The procedure must be repeated after six months. The disadvantage of this method is that the teeth become black.

Important! If a child is afraid to visit the dentist, nitrous oxide can be used. After breathing through a little special mask, the baby will calm down, relax and the doctor will be able to treat.

Silvering of teeth in a child

Seal

Filling can be done without a drill. Apply a product containing an acid to the affected area with a hole, which corrodes the enamel and disinfects it. Then a special polymer is placed into the hole, which hardens under ultraviolet light.

Standard filling is also used. Using a drill, a hole in the tooth enamel is cleaned, after which it is filled. Baby teeth, like permanent teeth, have nerve endings. Therefore, the dentist may use local anesthesia.

Important! Sometimes children categorically refuse to open their mouths for the dentist. Then the doctor may decide to do general anesthesia. This method has many contraindications, so it is not advisable to use it.

Filling a child's teeth

Prevention of caries

Preventative measures that can be followed together with your child will help prevent the occurrence of caries. To do this, follow simple recommendations.

Limit your carbohydrate intake, including sweet compotes and fruit juices.
Make sure your child doesn't fall asleep with the bottle. If this happens, carefully remove the pacifier from your mouth and clean your teeth with a tissue.
When your baby's first teeth erupt, limit feeding at night.
After the first ones appear, start cleaning in the morning and evening.

Important! Children under two years of age can brush their teeth without using toothpaste.

Do not lick the baby's pacifier, spoon, or give food from your mouth.
Come to your appointment as early as possible pediatric dentist, it is better to do this before the child is one year old.
Contact your doctor immediately after symptoms of tooth decay appear.

How to properly brush your child's teeth

Use toothbrush possible after a year of life. Buy a special brush that is designed for children. Carry out oral hygiene in a playful way, do not yell at your baby, and do not force him to clean. The child must understand that there is nothing wrong with this procedure. You need to brush your teeth thoroughly and for at least 2-3 minutes.

Important! Before the age of three, do not buy toothpaste containing fluoride for your child.

To clean the first teeth of babies up to one year old, use gauze. Wrap it around your finger and wipe the surface. Do not use toothpaste, but just wet it with water.

Considering the prevalence of caries in children, from the moment the first teeth appear, parents should pay attention to special attention on the child’s hygiene and nutrition, as well as regularly visit the dentist for examinations and preventive procedures. All this is necessary in order to protect baby teeth as much as possible until the moment when they are replaced by molars. Look at the statistics: in children aged a year and a half, caries is diagnosed on average in 10 - 15% of cases, and by the age of five, more than 70% of children already suffer from this disease. Moreover, caries in children up to school age develops at a much faster rate than in adults, so if left untreated, the child risks losing all his milk teeth even before they begin to be replaced by molars. The causes of caries can be very different, which is largely why it is a widespread dental disease. Below we will talk about the most common causes of caries in children.

Caries in children: why does it occur?

How to stop caries in a child? This question interests almost all parents, but in order for treatment to be more effective, you need to know the causes of this disease.

Genetic predisposition. Genetics is not a direct factor in the development of tooth decay, but if parents have a predisposition to tooth decay, then their children are likely to have similar dental problems.
Negative influence on the fetus during pregnancy. Smoking, drinking alcohol and taking certain medications can adversely affect the development of the fetus and cause problems in the formation of tooth enamel (so-called congenital caries in children).

Poor hygiene. From the moment the first tooth appears, parents should begin to accustom their children to dental hygiene and help them with this. During the first year, babies' teeth are especially sensitive and susceptible to external environment, therefore, if you do not carry out special hygiene, the child’s first caries will not be long in coming.

Wrong diet. The most common cause of caries at the time of the appearance of a set of baby teeth. Chocolate, sweet drinks and other foods that contain carbohydrates and accumulate in the interdental spaces contribute to the development of pathogenic bacteria leading to the occurrence of the disease. Bottle caries, caused by drinking sugary drinks through bottles with special nipples, is especially common.

Calcium and fluoride deficiency. Sometimes the child does not receive required quantity calcium or fluorine, which are the main elements responsible for the integrity of tooth enamel. Diseases gastrointestinal tract. Gastritis, ulcers and other stomach diseases change the composition of saliva, as a result of which plaque forms on the teeth much more intensely. Caries in children and adolescents must be prevented, including by visiting a gastroenterologist.

Infection with bacteria through cutlery and hygiene items. Harmful microorganisms such as Streptococcus, which are the very “carious monsters”, can get into oral cavity child through a spoon or toothbrush that belonged to a person who already has dental caries.

Types of caries in children

There are several parameters for classifying childhood caries. The key ones are the type of caries at the site of origin and the degree of its development. Below you can see what caries looks like in children in its various manifestations.

Proximal caries
Carious lesions are present on both one and the other antagonist teeth. Caries between teeth in children is also common, which some experts also classify as the approximal type.

Cervical caries
Formed at the point of contact of the crown part of the tooth with soft tissues. Often goes deep into the tooth.

Circular caries
Unlike cervical caries, which are localized in a specific area, circular dental caries in children spreads along the entire gingival line surrounding a specific tooth, so that over time the crown part simply falls off. This type caries is very common in children with baby teeth.

Fissure caries
It affects fissures - grooves on the chewing surface of the teeth. It is considered one of the most common types of caries in both primary and permanent teeth.

Stages of childhood caries

Initial caries. At first glance it is almost invisible and represents small speck on enamel. This type of caries is highly treatable because it has not yet penetrated into the layers of enamel and dentin.
Superficial caries. This type of caries affects the enamel layer, but not deep enough to reach the dentin. Enamel caries in children is also treated quite quickly and effectively.
Average caries in children. At this stage, caries affects not only the enamel, but also the dentin.
Deep caries. At deep caries all tooth tissues are affected (enamel, pulp, dentin). Root caries in children is the final stage.

In addition to the parameters described above, experts distinguish caries according to the rate of development: from compensated (slowly progressing caries) to decompensated (when damage to tooth tissue occurs very quickly). In addition, the disease can be either local (that is, covering one tooth) or focal, when caries moves from one tooth to another. Caries on the front teeth of a child often occurs according to the second scheme, especially in the absence timely treatment.

Diagnosis of caries in children

Caries in children preschool age(especially in the early stages) is often not so easy to detect without the use of special equipment. When a child has a toothache at this age, caries is almost always in the middle or deep stage, therefore, it is impossible to be guided only by the presence of pain here. Symptoms of caries in children up to certain point may not appear at all, but this does not mean that you do not need to visit a doctor at this time. Modern clinics use a number of techniques to detect the disease at any stage. These are primarily technologies such as sighting and panoramic pictures, 3D computed tomography - they allow you to obtain accurate information about all processes taking place in the oral cavity. The development of the disease in the initial stages helps to identify laser diagnostics of caries in children (Diagnocam technology).

Treatment of dental caries in young children

When we talk about dental caries in young children, we mean age category from six months to 5 years - it is at this age that a number of baby teeth are fully formed, but the process of their loss has not yet begun. Caries of primary teeth in children usually progresses quite quickly, so parents always need to be on guard in order to detect the disease in time and take the child to the dentist. As practice shows, not all parents know what methods exist for diagnosing and treating caries. In particular, this is confirmed by Internet queries, which are a litmus test when assessing the information awareness of patients. “A child has caries, what to do,” “a one-year-old child has caries, what to do,” “a 2-year-old child has caries, what to do” are among the top queries on the topic of pediatric dentistry. Below we will describe in more detail how caries can be cured in young children.

Caries in children under one year and at 1 year

When a child is one year old, dental caries is quite unpleasant problem which needs to be fixed urgently. This is the so-called early caries in children, which is becoming more common today. Before the age of one year, a child usually develops front incisors. The treatment is gentle and is carried out without a drill. Usually this is fluoridation and remineralization of teeth. What is used to protect children's teeth from caries? Saturation of teeth occurs useful minerals(calcium, fluoride, etc.).

Caries in a child at 1.5 years, at 2 years and at 3 years

Caries in children under 3 years of age is also usually treated with gentle methods. At this age, doctors actively use the silvering technique, when teeth are treated with a solution of silver nitrate. This is very effective technique, the disadvantage of which is staining of tooth enamel. For more obvious signs of caries, photodynamic therapy is effective - removing damaged tissue and treating the tooth with a laser. When teething chewing teeth caries in a 3-year-old child can be prevented by sealing fissures (treating the grooves of chewing teeth). Caries in a child's chewing teeth can develop very quickly, so fissure sealing is a good preventative measure.

Caries in a child at 4 years old and at 5 years old

After children reach 3 years of age, it is actively used for dental treatment. ICON technology(polymerization of teeth with treatment of carious cavities with instruments). On early stages Ozone therapy is used, which allows you to destroy carious bacteria. For deep caries, depophoresis is effective: copper and calcium hydroxide is injected into the area affected by caries. The solution penetrates the root tubules and destroys pathogenic bacteria.

Caries in a child at 6 years old, at 7 years old, at 8 years old, at 9 years old

At this age, there is an active replacement of milk teeth with molars. During these years, doctors do not recommend placing light and photopolymer fillings. At advanced stages of caries, today, as a rule, glass ionomer fillings or colored compomers are placed on baby teeth.

Caries in a child at 10 years old, at 11 years old, at 12 years old

After ten years, the child receives a set of permanent teeth. Often, molars are treated using “adult” methods, but there are also some nuances here, in particular, various depulpation protocols and more active use drills. Caries of the 6th tooth is especially common in children with molars, so sealing the fissures of chewing teeth is also relevant at this age.

Caries of permanent teeth in children

If a child has caries of molars, then in the long term this can cause more problems than in the case of baby teeth, because they will no longer be replaced. The peculiarities of caries in children with molars are that they need to be treated in a special format. What do we mean? Firstly, even at 15 years old, a child remains a child and has all the same fears. That is why it is recommended to use gentle techniques and sedation as anesthesia. Secondly, it is still not recommended to put polymer and some other types of fillings on children's molars. On the other hand, the anatomy and structure of molars differ from baby teeth, so in most cases it is quite difficult to do without a drill.

Features of the treatment of caries in children: approaches and methods

Unfortunately, childhood caries is very widespread. This is the most frequent occasion to contact a pediatric dentist. It is incorrect and even dangerous to believe that caries of baby teeth is a minor problem, because they will eventually be replaced by permanent teeth anyway. The health of teeth in adulthood depends on how timely caries was treated in childhood.

Causes of caries in children

Many factors can lead to the development of childhood caries. Children's teeth deteriorate various reasons, let's look at the main ones.

Insufficient hygiene. Children do not really like brushing their teeth: they often try to avoid this activity. Parents do not always control the implementation of this procedure. This is why you need to teach your child to brush their teeth from a very early age. Once the teeth have erupted, they need to be brushed daily. From the age of one you can start using a special soft rubber brush, from the age of 2 - a miniature children's brush with soft bristles. From the age of 3, it is recommended to start teaching your child to rinse his mouth after every meal and gradually move on to brushing his teeth on his own. Of course, using a children's brush and age-appropriate children's toothpaste. Children often shirk cleaning due to bad taste pasta, so choose not only high-quality, but also pleasant-tasting - berry, fruit, candy-flavored or chewing gum: thanks to this, children will happily take on their least favorite activity.

The paste should not contain fluoride - this element is good for teeth, but harmful when taken orally, and children early age They often swallow the paste.

Long contact with the nipple on the bottle. Doctors even talk about " bottle caries", affecting the front teeth. It develops when a baby spends too much time holding the nipple of a feeding bottle between his teeth. Do not let your baby fall asleep with a pacifier in his mouth, and if you use a pacifier, you should remove it after your baby falls asleep.

Transmission of infection from parents. Yes, parents can also cause tooth decay. It is transmitted from adults to children by wetting the pacifier with their own saliva, or by feeding when an adult and child use the same spoon. This should not be done even if all your teeth are healthy - hygiene standards apply to parents and children in the same way as to any other people. In addition, adults should monitor the condition of their teeth - especially if there is a child in the house.

Congenital features. Some children have naturally weak teeth - this is caused by genetics or adverse effects during pregnancy. So, if during pregnancy the mother smoked or took certain medications, the risk of caries increases.

Love for sweets. This is perhaps the most well-known cause of dental caries. Sugar is an excellent breeding ground for bacteria. If a child is addicted to candy, the chances that he will develop tooth decay are much higher. It is caramels, chewing candies, and toffees that are especially harmful in this case - they remain in the mouth for a long time.

Types and signs of caries

Tooth decay develops slowly, and with careful regular inspection, parents can detect it in its earliest stages. The sooner changes are noticed, the easier treatment will be.

Initial stage. Small spots appear on the teeth, which are slightly different in color from the rest of the enamel. Over time, these spots darken, turning brown.

Superficial caries of primary teeth. At this stage, the destruction of the enamel is insignificant, but the damaged tooth, as a rule, already reacts to hot and cold.

Average caries. The appearance of a carious cavity at the site of the destruction of the enamel of the hole. It can already be seen with the naked eye. When exposed to cold and hot, severe pain appears, and the affected area grows over time.

Deep caries. The last stage, when not only the enamel is affected, but also the dental tissue. Without treatment, sooner or later pulp inflammation and cyst growth will begin.

Features of the treatment of caries of primary and molar teeth in children

A pediatric dentist should not only be a professional high class. He requires the skills of a psychologist, tact, attention and extreme accuracy. The health of your teeth in adulthood depends on your first experience with a dentist. If everything went well and painlessly, the child will not be afraid of dentists and skip regular routine examinations when he grows up.

When treating caries in children, doctors are often forced to refuse standard methods and use softer and more gentle methods. This is due not only to the need to provide comfort little patient, but also by the fact that local anesthesia for children differs from anesthesia for adults - much less anesthetic is administered during injection. In doing this, doctors are guided by the principle of “do no harm.”

Painlessness is one of the main priorities of modern pediatric dentistry. Treatment of caries in children should in no case cause psychological trauma. Therefore, doctors make every effort to ensure that the child feels safe and not nervous. As a rule, when treating caries, a child should not spend more than half an hour in the dentist’s chair, otherwise he will get tired and begin to experience irritation and discomfort.

Before injecting the anesthetic, the doctor additionally numbs the injection site with a spray or ointment. Today, ultra-thin needles are used for injections, which cause virtually no discomfort.

The drill is used to a minimum in the treatment of caries in children; everything that can be done manually is done exactly that way - even adults have a hard time withstanding the loud, unpleasant sound of the equipment, and children like it even less.

In addition, when filling, special materials are used that are designed specifically for children’s teeth.

Treatment of caries at the initial stage of the disease

If parents notice caries in the early stages, treatment will be simple, quick and non-traumatic.

Silvering

A minimally invasive, safe, inexpensive and absolutely painless method of treating caries in the early stages. Silver has antibacterial properties and can significantly slow down the development of caries. The surface of the teeth is coated with a silver solution using a cotton swab. You should know that the method has one significant drawback. Silver gives the teeth a black color, and the whiteness of the enamel is no longer restored - you will have to wait until the baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones.

Remineralization

As a rule, this procedure is recommended for children of primary school age, especially if fissures - grooves on the surface of the tooth - are naturally deep or complex in shape. The method is effective at the very beginning of the development of caries, at the stage of the appearance of a spot - a focus of demineralization. Remineralization can not only slow down the process, but also reverse it. The procedure involves the use of special solutions with calcium, fluorine and phosphorus. After their application for more effective penetration chemicals Ultrasound, vacuum or electrophoresis are used in the enamel. Remineralization is carried out in courses.

Ozone therapy

This is one of the most modern methods treatment of caries in children. It is absolutely non-traumatic and completely painless, does not require anesthesia, does not damage appearance teeth. When ozonating, ozone is applied to the tooth through a small silicone cup, which in a few seconds makes the tooth almost sterile, destroying bacteria that cause caries. The procedure ends with treating the enamel with a strengthening compound.

Treatment of medium and deep caries

If caries has already destroyed the enamel, the methods described above are powerless - more serious intervention is required.

Sealing

For filling children's teeth, materials different from those used in dental treatment for adults are used. For example, silicate cements, plastics with artificial resins, and some composites are not used. Instead, glass ionomer and silicophosphate cements are used, which are more suitable for delicate children's teeth. Today it is possible to place a filling with fluoride, which will gradually pass into the tooth tissue and strengthen it, as well as multi-colored fillings and even fillings with sparkles - they introduce some element of play into treatment and, as a rule, children really like.

Depophoresis

The depophoresis method is successfully used to clean hard-to-reach canals of baby teeth. During depophoresis, the doctor injects a solution of copper and calcium hydroxide into the cavity that is safe for the child’s health. The liquid penetrates the dental canals and disinfects them. This is a very gentle method.

Preparation

Today, preparation is more often used, in which a thin powerful stream of water, air or a special abrasive acts on the tooth. The force of the jet is designed in such a way as to affect only the affected tissue, without affecting healthy tissue. After preparing the carious cavity, the adhesion of the filling to the tooth will be more reliable.

Prevention of caries in children

For a child, any meeting with a doctor is already stressful situation. Therefore, experts strongly recommend that parents pay attention to caries prevention and regularly check the condition of their child’s teeth. Statistics dental diseases among Russian children is truly catastrophic - every third child’s teeth begin to deteriorate immediately after teething. Advanced caries in 1-3 year old children is not uncommon. Some parents blame everything on the bad environment, lack of vitamins, or even on the child himself - they say it’s all because he loves candy so much. In fact, the responsibility lies entirely with the parents. The baby cannot determine that he is developing caries, cannot make an appointment with a doctor, does not know about the rules of prevention, and he cannot buy sweets for himself. It is the parents who must ensure that the child’s teeth are healthy.

Proper nutrition is an important part of prevention. Of course, you should limit your baby’s sweets, instilling in him a love of berries and fruits, and not chocolate and caramel. Make sure your child gets as many solid foods as possible, such as raw vegetables. Our teeth need a certain load. In addition, when chewing, food debris is removed from the surface of the teeth and saliva is released abundantly, destroying pathogenic microbes. Add to your diet foods containing calcium (milk, cottage cheese), phosphorus (fish), vitamin D ( fermented milk products, as well as oatmeal and potatoes), fluoride (spinach, fish, apples, pumpkin).

WITH early years teach your child to rinse his mouth and brush his teeth, and later use dental floss. You should not punish a child if he does not want to use a toothbrush, force him or shame him - this will only form negative attitude to such a routine procedure. You need to teach your child to keep their teeth clean in a playful way, using bright brushes and tasty toothpastes. Brushing your teeth should be fun, enjoyable - and over time it will become a habit.

And remember, the child should visit the dentist at least once every six months - even the most attentive parents cannot always notice the beginning of caries.

Dentists in Russia and around the world are sounding the alarm about the increased number of patients being diagnosed.

And everything would be fine, but increasingly caries affects baby teeth and is diagnosed in children who are 2-3 years old, no more. The disease is a lesion of tooth enamel.

Through further development, tooth and gum tissues are affected. If you do not resort to timely intervention and do not start treatment, the tooth is completely destroyed and leads to inflammation of the gums. How to prevent such troubles?

Meet the destroyer of teeth and enamel

How to recognize the disease in time?

The main symptom of caries is the child experiencing pain and discomfort while eating food.

As soon as the baby complains to his parents, they should conduct a visual examination of the oral cavity. Caries manifests itself as characteristic white or yellow spots on the teeth. Sometimes the baby’s pain begins to bother him already late stage development of the disorder.

After a child complains, you should immediately contact a dentist for help. He will tell you what to do, including advice on further actions on the part of parents for the treatment of childhood caries or its prevention.

Childhood caries that affected baby teeth

Features of treatment

Treatment of caries of primary teeth is based either on preserving the tooth at an early age of the child, or on its complete removal in an advanced stage.

To treat the disease, several methods are used, the choice of which directly depends on the condition of the tooth, the baby himself and the preferences of the parents.

Traditional way

Traditional treatment involves the use of a drill. With its help, you can remove the top black layer, clean the canals and fill a tooth affected by caries.

The procedure is carried out in the following sequence:

children need before using the drill administer anesthesia, today sprays or gels are used for children, less often they resort to injections;
using a drill or hand tools affected and partially destroyed tissues are removed;
using filling paste clean and treat tooth canals;
after all processing the tooth is completely filled to prevent food from entering the canals and nerve.

This is the easiest way to treat a baby tooth affected by caries. True, often parents or children themselves do not want to treat the tooth, believing that it is time for it to fall out.

Not all dentists insist on treatment; some give in to the patient’s requests, which can result in a long stay without a tooth at all, and this is not so pleasant - the gums can be injured.

Alternative methods

Today there are several types of caries treatment, where the use of a drill is not considered at all.

To such interesting methods include:

– the special composition is simply applied to baby tooth, where the initial stage of the lesion is noted. After the composition dries, it acquires gray shade, which can be quite noticeable.
Remineralization– the affected tooth is treated with mineral paste. Can only be used in case of initial stages of damage. Several treatments are used. The principle of action is to saturate the hard part of the tooth with minerals and calcium, after which it gains strength.
Ozone therapy– is based on treating the affected tooth with ozone, which completely kills bacteria. The presented technique is effective only if used on initial stage development of caries, because ozone cannot penetrate into the depths of carious cavities.
Depophoresis– effective in use for deep carious lesions. This method is based on the introduction to carious cavity a special composition consisting of copper and calcium hydroxide. The composition perfectly disinfects the affected areas, while the dentist begins removing the damage using electric current.
Photodynamic therapy– in the process of tooth treatment, photographic materials and laser are involved. The medicine is applied to the tooth and illuminated with a laser, as a result of which the microbes are killed and the damage is partially restored.

The choice of technique depends on the degree of tooth decay. But we should not forget about the financial component of the issue, because all of the above methods are provided in private dental clinics and may require large financial investments.

Possible risks

In the photo there is bilateral pulpitis

Lack of timely treatment of caries in primary teeth is fraught with inflammation of the pulp (the core of the tooth). This defeat entails the beginning inflammatory process, suppuration and severe pain.

In such cases, you should immediately contact your dentist, because severe pain and suppuration further lead to intoxication and increase. As a rule, such a tooth is removed under local anesthesia.

Preventive measures

Prevention of caries in children is as follows:

Only timely preventive actions and visiting a dentist will help maintain dental health. Parents should monitor the condition of the child’s oral cavity and promptly contact specialists.

To date, the problem of tooth decay has been studied well enough to accurately determine the type and condition of the disease in order to properly provide assistance to the patient.

The child's body, due to its unformed state, is not able to fight this process, so the disease in children begins to appear at the age of two years, as an exception, up to two years.

in a 2 year old child localized on the milky bone formations in the upper part of the oral cavity on the molars:

Stage 1 of the appearance of the destructive process is a change in the color of the enamel. The bone formation loses its transparency, the tooth becomes dull with yellow spots. This process is called the chalk spot stage.
The next step is the formation of roughness on the tooth surface. At the same time, dentin is not yet affected, so it cannot be called the disease process itself, it is only its development, formation.
Stage 3 is more severe damage to the oral cavity. In this case, deep destruction of dentin occurs. This process can be recognized by carefully examining the oral cavity: caries usually develops in the area of chewing folds, called fissures.
The last stage is complete destruction bone formation. At the same time, the tooth is a base with layers of dentin, which has entered the stage of a softened bottom. The tooth root becomes separated.

Main reasons

Scientists have proven that obvious reason the appearance of this type of disease is the impact of microbial flora on the external areas of dental formation.

From mother to child - this is how tooth decay can occur. Even in the womb, the child is able to receive this process tooth decay. Also, after birth, the baby can develop this disease.

Microorganisms are a serious, but not the only cause of the disease:

Bacterial processes are becoming the most common version of the occurrence of destructive formations, according to the attending physicians.
The presence of special microflora that causes caries is also a cause, although not as common. In this case, doctors recommend being very careful about oral hygiene in order to prevent the onset of the disease.
Carbohydrates and various products nutrition can cause the development of a destructive process. ( Flour products, bakery products)
This disease can also be caused by the presence of other chronic or systemic diseases in the body, such as small child, and in an adult.
Decreased immunity - this can cause and actively develop caries.
Dentures can destroy the top layer of enamel, which leads to the spread of microbes throughout the area of bone formation.

Treatment of caries: basic methods

Scientists have proven that the first attempts to heal teeth were made more than 9 thousand years ago, when the only device that could cure was a stone.

Now modern equipment and people’s knowledge give good results. Dental treatment for caries is a rather painful and lengthy process.

There are two main ways to treat caries:

Dental method;
Folk method.

Let's look at the first method:

The doctor first removes all plaque from the bone formation.
Seal. At this stage of treatment, the attending physician needs to select the correct filling that will match the color of the tooth and its shape criteria.
If the disease cannot be removed in a simple way, the doctor chooses a different treatment method. To do this, a careful selection of a drug is made that can reduce pain during work.
Areas that cannot be restored are removed by a specialist using equipment. As a rule, these areas are enamel or dentin.
The doctor examines some of the nuances in the formation of a filling. For example, it checks the condition of a tooth or removes drool from the desired area.
Specialists also treat the oral cavity with any antiseptic agents before work.
After installing the filling, the doctor checks the patient’s comfort in this case, grinds and removes excess formations.

Second treatment method

This treatment method is only effective if dental education not globally damaged by caries.

Below are ways for children to remove destructive processes.

treatment with propolis;
laundry soap;
onions;
fir oil;
sea salt;
mint;
garlic;
soda;

Prevention of dental caries in children of different ages

Because children's body It is too weak at birth and needs to be strengthened during pregnancy.

For example, a young mother should eat a large amount of foods containing minerals to strengthen the future teeth of a small child:

To keep your teeth healthy, you need to eat right and follow a daily routine, that is, take proper care of your oral cavity: timely cleansing of the mouth, rinsing daily.
Undergo timely examination in medical institutions.
Be sure to have your mouth professionally cleaned by specialists every few months.
Take vitamins and others medicines to improve the condition of teeth.