Staphylococcus is an opportunistic microorganism that can be found in environment. It is contained within normal limits in the body of any person.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus becomes necessary when, under the influence of certain factors, it begins to actively multiply in the human body, thereby causing harm to it.

It is known that Staphylococcus is a pathogenic bacterium capable of causing many diseases, both life-threatening and harmless. This microorganism was discovered in the 1880s; in the 40s of the 20th century, many scientists showed interest in it, and it began to be studied in more detail.

Many people do not know how to answer the question of Staphylococcus aureus, what is it, but in fact it is the same as Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 27 strains of this microorganism have been identified in nature, but the most dangerous for humans are the following:

1. Golden.
2. Epidermal.
3. Saprophytic.

Staphylococcus aureus

All of the above types of bacteria are treatable, but do not forget that this should be done strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

It is the doctor who, based on the tests and the degree of infection, for example, if Staphylococcus aureus is found in a child’s stool, will prescribe suitable effective medications.

Methods of infection

A pathogenic bacterium can enter the human body in several ways:

1. Airborne.
2. Nutritional.
3. Contact and household.
4. Through the dust.
5. Through poorly processed medical instruments.

Many patients who have Staphylococcus aureus in their nose are interested in the question of... Treatment of this microorganism with antibiotics is a fairly widespread practice today, but sometimes taking them is simply not necessary, since The bacteria may be contained in the body within acceptable limits and in this case there is no need to treat it.

Also, indirect causes of infection with any type of pathogenic microorganism can be:

1. Weak immunity.
2. Frequent stress.
3. Bad habits.
4. Frequent acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.
5. AIDS and HIV.
6. Viral infections.
7. Chronic diseases.
8. Avitaminosis.
9. Unbalanced and inadequate nutrition.
10. Work in heavily polluted areas.
11. Frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs.

Whatever the cause of the disease, it is necessary to treat Staphylococcus aureus, otherwise there may be serious complications in the form of meningitis, endocarditis, fever, lung abscess, etc.

Staphylococcus aureus

Most often, a person experiences symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus, which are as follows:

1. General weakness.
2. Fever.
3. Rhinitis.
4. Sinusitis.
5. Sinusitis.
6. Pyoderma.
7. Angina.
8. Pneumonia.
9. Pharyngitis.
10. Laryngitis.
11. Cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
12. Osteomyelitis.
13. Purulent discharge from the nasopharynx and oropharynx.
14. Stye on the eyelid.
15. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.

Staphylococcus aureus - the causative agent of sore throat

Staphylococcus aureus can infect humans at any age, including newborns. Very often you can find Staphylococcus aureus in the feces of a baby. An infant whose feces contain this pathogenic microorganism experiences severe discomfort in the tummy, cries a lot, eats poorly and gains little weight. But in this case you should not look for an answer to the question,

If a pathogenic bacterium is detected in the baby's stool to a degree exceeding the norm, it must be treated by a specialist; in this case, the stool test will need to be taken again after treatment. In this case, the bacterium destroyed by taking pyobacteriophages both internally and in the form of enemas. The course of treatment lasts no more than 15 days.

Staphylococcus aureus differs from other species in that it is capable of infecting most human organs and systems, and in addition, it is very resistant to many types of antibiotics.

Very often, this pathogenic bacterium causes diseases of the ENT organs, for example, long-term rhinitis or sunusitis, which is not treated for a long time. In that case It is advisable to undergo a culture test of this microorganism and then entrust the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose to a doctor. Works quite successfully in this case

It is known that Staphylococcus aureus bacteria exist in any organism, usually on human skin and mucous membranes. Many people begin to worry when they see tests that show Staphylococcus aureus 10 to 3 degrees.

This degree does not indicate the development of a serious disease, the upper limit is 10 to 6 degrees, so Staphylococcus aureus 10 to 5 degrees and Staphylococcus aureus 10 to 4 degrees may not cause concern.

In general, in medical practice there are four main degrees of the disease:

1. In the first degree, there are no symptoms and drug treatment is not necessary.
2. The second degree has mild symptoms and requires antibiotic therapy.
3. The third degree is characterized by the patient’s complaints of certain symptoms, carried out antibacterial therapy and therapy aimed at strengthening the immune system.
4. In the fourth degree, treatment also occurs with drugs, often antibiotics, and strengthening of the immune system, that is, taking vitamins and dietary supplements.

How to treat the disease

Antibiotic Cefazolin

Many people think that Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotics are inseparable concepts. But, as mentioned above, it all depends on the extent to which this bacterium is present in the body.

Treatment consists of several areas, namely antibacterial therapy, strengthening the immune system and treatment of concomitant diseases.

Often, when a pathogenic microorganism is detected in the human body within a range above normal, doctors prescribe a course of antibiotics, such as:

1. Cefazolin.
2. Vancomycin.
3. Amoxicillin.
4. Baneocin.
5. Erythromycin.
6. Oxacillin.
7. Mupirocin.

Any of the drugs has a number of contraindications and is prescribed by a doctor only after studying the patient’s tests; the dosage and duration of use of the drug are also determined with the help of a doctor.

Also in addition to antibiotics the doctor may prescribe the use of folk remedies, for example, burdock, black currant, apple cider vinegar and Chlorophyllipt.

To reduce the risk of infection, people worth sticking to some simple rules , namely, carry out wet cleaning in the house, maintain personal hygiene, ventilate the apartment, promptly treat acute respiratory infections, ARVI, caries, conjunctivitis, strengthen the immune system, eat well, do not eat foods contaminated with staphylococcus, avoid stressful situations.

Amoxicillin

All of the above measures cannot guarantee a 100% elimination of the disease, but they can significantly reduce the risk of contracting the bacteria.

In addition, if the disease still takes you by surprise, you should not treat it at home on your own; you must undergo the appropriate tests and undergo comprehensive treatment under the supervision of an experienced specialist.

Staphylococcus has 27 species. Of these, 14 are capable of living on human mucous membranes and skin, but only 3 varieties cause serious illnesses. The remaining bacteria are harmless to the body.

There are many varieties of staphylococcus

What is staphylococcus?

In 1881, the French scientist Louis Pasternak introduced the term Staphylococcus into medicine. The bacterium received this name due to its oval shape and ability to gather in clusters (from the Greek coccus - grain, and staphylos - bunch).

The bacterium is resistant to changes in the environment. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most tenacious. It can withstand temperatures of 150 °C and direct sun rays, resistant to alcohol and sodium chloride salts. It cannot be destroyed by boiling.

Other representatives of staphylococcus die at a temperature of 80 °C for 20 minutes.

Bacteria can survive in oxygen-free environments and adapt to antibiotics. They quickly adapt to antimicrobial drugs, so it is difficult to fight staphylococcus.

Staphylococci are very tenacious bacteria

The bacterium itself is not dangerous to humans; the substances it releases during its life are harmful. They are called pathogenicity factors.

These include:

1. Toxins. Toxic substances that poison humans.
2. Capsule. Protects bacteria from phagocytes - cells that destroy harmful microorganisms.
3. Cell wall components. Cause in the body inflammatory process, reduce protective functions immune system.
4. Hemolesins. Damage immune cells.
5. Enzymes. Various antibiotics immobilize.

Causes of staphylococcal infection

Staphylococcus is an opportunistic bacterium. It lives in any human body, but when the protective properties of the immune system are reduced, it can cause dangerous diseases and ulcers on the skin.

The bacterium appears even in a newborn, but usually the baby’s immunity quickly adapts to the action of staphylococcus.

The main causes of infection in adults and children include:

1. Using other people's personal belongings - towels, combs, clothes.
2. Close contact with an infected person.
3. Failure to comply with hygiene rules.
4. Insufficient processing of tools.
5. Surgical intervention.

You can become infected with staphylococcus due to non-compliance with hygiene rules

Symptoms and signs

Signs of staphylococcus depend on its location.

The bacterium spreads throughout the body and, in addition to increasing body temperature, can cause the following diseases:

1. Food poisoning. Caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxins. Manifests severe vomiting, pain in the intestines, diarrhea, weakness, nausea. Sources of infection are people with a chronic form of the disease and cows with udder inflammation.
2. Osteomyelitis. Inflammation bone tissue. Most often found in children under one year of age. Manifested by fever, vomiting, headache, disturbances in work nervous system. There are 3 forms: local, toxic and septic-pyemic.
3. Bronchitis. Infection occurs when there is already a viral disease. Manifests high temperature. In severe cases, hemoptysis occurs.
4. Laryngitis. Causes a sore throat, severe cough, and change in voice.
5. Pharyngitis. Symptoms of staphylococcus infection are as follows: soreness, accumulation of mucus near back wall, temperature.
6. Sinusitis. Staphylococcus aureus multiplies in the nose and leads to chronic form diseases.
7. Rhinitis. Staphylococcus often causes a runny nose due to hypothermia.
8. Pyoderma. Purulent lesion on the skin. Almost any pimple on the body is a sign of staphylococcus.
9. Scalded baby syndrome. It can only occur in infants. Causes blisters like burns.

Since the bacterium manifests itself in many diseases, a doctor will not be able to diagnose a staphylococcal infection without special tests.

A sign of staphylococcus may be the appearance of purulent rashes on the body

Types of staphylococcus

There are the following types of staphylococcus, which can cause various diseases in men, women and children:

1. Saprophytic (Staphylococcus saprophyticus). Most often occurs in women. Lives on the mucous membranes of the genitals. Can cause inflammation bladder and kidneys.
2. Epidermal (Staphylococcus epidermidis). Inhabits any areas of the dermis and mucous membranes. It manifests itself when immunity decreases. Penetrates into the body through damage skin. Causes inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and blood poisoning.
3. Hemolytic (Staphylococcus haemolyticus). Settles in the upper respiratory tract, causing sore throat or tonsillitis.
4. Golden (Staphylococcus aureus). A pathogenic bacterium that can penetrate any organ. Causes purulent processes. In the photo it looks like golden balls.

The latter type is especially dangerous during pregnancy; it can infect the unborn baby and the fetal membrane.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous species bacteria

Degrees

In medicine, staphylococcal infection is conventionally divided into 4 degrees:

1. First degree. The infection manifests itself mildly and, in the presence of a strong immune system, does not require drug treatment.
2. Second degree. Antibiotics are prescribed if, in addition to staphylococcus, other bacteria are found in the patient’s body.
3. Third degree. The patient complains of malaise and pain. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics if feeling unwell caused by non-bacterial toxins.
4. Fourth degree. The patient experiences increased body temperature, chills, nausea, and body pain. The body is not able to cope with the infection on its own. In this case, hospitalization may be required.

Conditional division into degrees helps the doctor determine how to identify the localization of staphylococcus and how to treat it.

Fever, nausea, headaches are characteristic of stage 4 staphylococcus

Diagnostic methods

Material for analysis is taken depending on the patient’s condition and his complaints.

These could be:

• vomit;
• blood;
• sputum;
• urine;
• nasal rinses.

Urine can be used to detect infection

In case of poisoning, they try to find staphylococcus in the feces and in the food that the patient ate before he became ill.

Staphylococcus is diagnosed using the following methods:

1. Microscopic. Gram staining is performed. Staphylococcus bacteria produce a blue color.
2. Cultural. Allows you to determine what type of bacteria they are: pathogenic, opportunistic or saprophytic.
3. Antibioticogram. The sensitivity of staphylococcus to various antibiotics is determined.

If the attending physician has prescribed a smear from oral cavity, then the patient should not eat, drink, brush his teeth or rinse his mouth before taking the test. A few days before the procedure, it is prohibited to use antibacterial sprays and rinsing solutions. The smear is taken in the morning.

Normally, there should be no pathogenic staphylococci. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe general and biochemical analysis blood.

Treatment of staphylococcus

After identifying staphylococcal infection The doctor faces the question of how to treat the disease. Usually the doctor prescribes antibiotics. Self-medication is not recommended, because only a specialist can determine which drug is in at the moment will destroy the bacteria.

Antibiotics

The patient may be prescribed the following medications:

1. Oxacillin. Sold in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Kills staphylococcus cells, preventing their division. Price – from 3 rubles. per bottle 500 mg.
2. Supirocin. Antibacterial ointment, which is used to treat staphylococcal dermatitis. Price – from 515 rub.
3. Amoxicillin. Suppresses the proliferation of staphylococcus. Sold in the form of tablets, capsules and suspensions. Price – from 105 rub.
4. Cloxacillin. Blocks the bacterial membrane. Prescribed to children from the age of two. Price – from 110 rub.
5. Cephalothin. Destroys bacterial membranes and prevents its normal division. Not for use in patients with renal or liver failure. Price – from 800 rub.

Oxacillin is a powerful antibiotic

Folk recipes

The following methods are popularly used for treatment:

1. Treat purulent wounds and skin damage copper sulfate, which destroys staphylococcus.
2. Fill the bath with warm water and add 500 ml of apple cider vinegar. Water procedure spend 10-25 minutes every day.
3. Take 2 tsp. chamomile, meadowsweet, hop cones, mint, calamus root; 1 tsp each dill seeds and cyanosis; 3 tsp. fireweed Medicinal herbs grind. 2 tbsp. l. The resulting collection is poured with a liter of boiling water and left in a thermos for 12 hours. Drink 100 g three times a day for 4 months. Then they take a two-week break and repeat the course again.
4. To treat purulent lesions on the skin, take a bath with a series. To do this, take 500 g of grass and 2 liters of warm water. The broth is boiled for 20 minutes, then infused for 30 minutes. They take a bath every day.
5. To cure acne on the face, make lotions from apple cider vinegar.

To boost immunity, your doctor may recommend eating black currant, which is a natural antibiotic.

To get rid of acne, you can use apple cider vinegar lotions.

Possible complications

Staphylococcal infection can cause the following complications:

1. Pneumonia. Occurs due to weakened immunity due to influenza or ARVI. Affects the alveoli. May cause purulent lesions in the lungs. Manifested by cough, shortness of breath, bluish complexion, and poor health.
2. Endocarditis. Affects the mitral or aortic ventricles. The mortality rate from this disease is 50%. With endocarditis, patients complain of increased fatigue, sudden weight loss, joint pain, sweating, increased heart rate.
3. Meningitis. Inflammation meninges. Most often, children under one year of age suffer from it. Symptoms include convulsions, fever, nausea, vomiting, and tremors.
4. Sepsis. Blood poisoning. Accompanied by high fever, headache, delirium, vomiting, pustular rash, loss of consciousness, nausea, and severe sweating. In newborns and premature infants, sepsis often resolves at normal temperatures.
5. Syndrome toxic shock. May develop during nasal surgery or after childbirth. Symptoms include high fever, nausea, loss of consciousness, and an increase in the number of heart beats up to 140 per minute. The disease is practically not amenable to drug treatment.

If staphylococcus is not treated, purulent rashes may appear on the body.

Prevention

A strong immune system helps fight infection. Therefore, you should strengthen your body: harden yourself, watch your diet, do exercises, rest and sleep at least 8 hours a day.

In addition, the following prevention should be carried out:

• wash your hands after using the toilet, going outside and before eating;
• regularly do wet cleaning in the apartment;
• do not eat spoiled foods;
• do not have close contact with sick people;
• treat fresh wounds with an antiseptic;
• do not visit solariums, hairdressers, beauty salons and tattoo parlors, where masters do not take care of their instruments.

Many people are interested in how the disease appears. It often feels like it comes out of nowhere. In fact, opportunistic forms of staphylococcus can constantly live on humans. A pathogenic bacterium enters the body due to non-compliance with hygiene standards and during communication with infectious people.

In approximately 80% of the population, staphylococcus lives on the mucous membranes. For some time, opportunistic microbes do not cause any harm to the body. However, any decrease in immunity can give rise to intensive proliferation of bacteria, and then staphylococci become the cause of many dangerous diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous of the entire group of these pathogens. It provokes most ENT diseases, intestinal infections, and skin ailments. Getting rid of a disease caused by it can be very difficult.

Staphylococcus aureus is a very tenacious bacterium. It is resistant to freezing and drying, and is difficult to be affected by ultraviolet rays and chemicals. The microorganism can live in dust for about 100 days, and in dried form - more than six months.

And most often, the signs of infection are similar to the symptoms of purulent bacterial tonsillitis:

• enlarged tonsils
• loss of appetite
• sharp increase in body weight to 39-40
• swelling of the lymph nodes
• severe pain when swallowing saliva
• drowsiness, general muscle weakness
• redness and swelling of the throat
• formation of pustules and plaque on the mucous membrane
• unbearable

People suffering from frequent sore throats, exacerbations chronic tonsillitis, must be tested for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the throat.

The infection can penetrate deep into the body and can cause complications in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal system.

Without a microbiological study, determine the causative agent of infection judging only by external symptoms impossible.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose

The nasal cavity is one of the favorite habitats of Staphylococcus aureus. Its appearance is facilitated not only by a decrease in general immunity, but also local immunity.

As a result of hypothermia, excessive use of antibacterial, vasoconstrictor agents, or in the presence of an accompanying virus, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply.

The general symptoms of infection are the same as for diseases of the nasopharynx: general weakness, signs of intoxication, redness of the skin of the nose and the appearance of purulent formations.

A pathogenic bacterium can cause, as the infection spreads, the patient's eyelids to swell, nasal congestion, and facial pain radiating to the upper jaw or forehead.

Often due to rapid growth amount of staphylococcus develops frontal sinusitis. He's characteristic pain syndrome in the forehead area, especially above the eyebrows. Nasal discharge may increase in the morning.

Self-medication in this situation is prohibited. The gynecologist should prescribe medications to the woman, taking into account the characteristics of her pregnancy, the presence concomitant diseases. The acute course of the disease is treated with gentle antibiotics, bacteriophages, and immunostimulating agents.

As a local remedy, use Chlorophyllipt solution on oil based no less than two weeks. During treatment, you should not take a bath or warm the infected areas of the body. When exposed to heat, bacteria multiply even faster and spread further throughout the body.

For the safety of the child, it is better to find out about the existence of Staphylococcus aureus in the body at the stage of pregnancy planning, having previously taken a test.

People with Staphylococcus aureus strong immunity live for years without even knowing about its existence. That's why it's so important to take care of your well-being. In addition to the standard rules healthy image life, it is important to monitor hand hygiene, choose products more carefully, and check their expiration dates. It is necessary to wash your hands after visiting the hospital, public transport, supermarket. We bring most of the bacteria, germs and viruses home on our hands, on the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. All these simple rules will help you get sick from dangerous diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus as little as possible.

What is it - Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical bacterium (coccus) that lives in the air and on the surfaces of objects.

It is a gram-positive microorganism, which means that with the help of special dyes it will be stained in a specific way. This to some extent indicates the properties of the bacterium.

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic microorganism, that is, being isolated from some body fluid, it is believed that it was this bacterium that caused the disease.

The pathogenicity of staphylococcus determines the presence of toxins and enzymes that will disrupt the functioning of the body's cells and destroy its tissues. When the microorganism gets on the skin, mucous membranes or internal organs of a person, it causes a large number of diseases. They are characterized by the development in the affected person of severe intoxication and disorders of the internal organs.

If Staphylococcus aureus has formed a focus of purulent tissue melting in some organ, there is a very high risk of the bacteria spreading through the blood to other organs.

Causes - how you can get infected

How can you become infected with staphylococcus, and what is it? The main source of infection is humans. It is he who can be a carrier of Staphylococcus aureus, while being completely healthy: if the bacterium gets on the skin and mucous membranes of a person in small quantities, provided the integrity of the integument and sufficient local immunity, the bacterium does not become the cause of the disease.

But once there in large quantities or penetrating into the wound, staphylococcus becomes the cause various forms diseases. The bacterium can be found in humans:

• in the mouth and nasopharynx (which is why all persons on maternity leave, especially workers food industry, are required to take a culture from the nasopharynx for staphylococcus);
• in the vagina;
• in the armpits;
• in the intestines.

It is not at all necessary that a person will always be a carrier of staphylococcus. The bacterium causes 2 types of diseases, the mechanism of development, manifestations and treatment of which are significantly different - these are infections and intoxications.

Staphylococcal intoxication

Intoxication develops if a person has acquired a strain of staphylococcus that is capable of producing toxins. The latter can be synthesized after entering human body, but can arrive immediately in large quantities, accumulating in a suitable environment.

For symptoms to develop, it is necessary that toxins, and not microbial cells, be absorbed into the human blood. Let's look at the main staphylococcal intoxications.

Toxic shock

This is a serious disease associated with the use of tampons during menstruation. Occurs in 1:100 thousand women per year. The disease is associated with the fact that Staphylococcus aureus is very often found in a woman’s vagina.

When menstruation occurs, the blood should wash away the existing bacteria, but when using tampons, the path for bacteria is blocked; they accumulate and become capable of producing a toxin. Vaginal vessels that gape during menstruation “readily” accept toxins.

This is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• fever;
• a patchy rash that gives way to peeling skin;
• decreased blood pressure;
• nausea;
• headache;
• sore throat;
• muscle pain;
• disruption of the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys.

Toxic shock can also develop not only during menstruation, but as a complication:

• using condoms for contraception;
• V postpartum period– if there is staphylococcus in the vagina/uterus;
• after infected abortions;
• in case of injuries (including burns, bites, exposure of the surface of loose elements during herpetic infection) skin and mucous membranes.

Ritter's disease

It develops more often in newborns and children under 5 years of age. After 5 years, the disease can develop only against the background of diseases that cause immunodeficiency.

Before the development of the pathology itself, the child has a staphylococcal infection of any other location. After this, a pinpoint red rash appears. It is initially localized around the eyes and mouth, later spreading to the trunk and limbs.

The rash has the following characteristics:

• maximum expression in skin folds;
• rough to the touch;
• painful.

The appearance of a rash is accompanied by a change general condition child (drowsiness or irritability), increased body temperature. After a few hours or days, the top layer of skin wrinkles and peels off when pressed. Red, shiny surfaces form through which large amounts of fluid are lost.

Food poisoning

This pathology usually develops after eating food in which a sufficient number of toxigenic strains of bacteria have accumulated (usually cakes, cream pies, meat and dairy products).

The first symptoms appear within 2-6 hours after eating contaminated food:

• nausea;
• abdominal pain;
• vomit;
• diarrhea, which can be profuse, leading to the development of complications.

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus and the diseases it causes

In order for children and adults to show symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus, the microbe must enter the body in sufficient quantities and then multiply in one or more internal organs(see photo).

This moment, as well as the subsequent inflammatory reaction in response to the introduction of staphylococcus, determines clinical symptoms diseases. Staphylococcal infections are divided by location.

Skin and soft tissue infections:

• folliculitis - a small pustule with a yellow center and a red border;
• boil - inflammation hair follicle and surrounding tissues;
• – fusion of several follicles with a necrotic center;
• phlegmon - spread of purulent melting of subcutaneous tissue lengthwise and deep;
• abscess is a purulent melting of the subcutaneous layers separated from healthy tissues.

Staphylococcal infections respiratory tract:

• – formation of pustules on the tonsils. It manifests itself as a sore throat, especially when swallowing, and an increase in temperature;
• manifested by high fever, cough, difficulty breathing. Staphylococcal pneumonia often takes on a destructive nature, that is, it is characterized by the breakdown of lung tissue, the addition of a lung abscess, the penetration of infection into the blood with the development of sepsis;
• Pleural empyema is an accumulation of pus between the layers of the pleura. Characterized by fever, cough, pain when breathing;
• characterized by a cough with coughing up a large amount of sputum, signs of intoxication

Nervous system infections:

• brain abscess;
• subdural empyema;
• epidural abscess;
• thrombophlebitis of the cerebral veins;
• thrombosis of the sinuses (specific venous collectors) of the meninges;

Urinary tract infections: , urethritis.

Infections cardiovascular system: endocarditis, thrombophlebitis.

Infections of bones and joints – osteomyelitis tubular bones, melting of the subperiosteal space in flat bones, bone necrosis, purulent arthritis, purulent bursitis.

Intestinal infection – severe in newborns.

Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus

In children and adults, all biological fluids of the body (blood, vaginal secretions, urine, pleural fluid) are normally sterile; nothing other than intestinal flora should be found in the stool.

There should be no sputum normally. Diagnosis is based on the fact that when certain specific symptoms appear, secretions from this organ are cultured (if possible) for microflora.

When a culture reveals Staphylococcus aureus in a titer greater than 1*103, the diagnosis of staphylococcal infection is considered confirmed.

When the infection is localized in the bones, skin, lungs and subcutaneous tissue (with phlegmon, not an abscess), the diagnosis is made based on clinical manifestations.

How to treat Staphylococcus aureus?

Almost always, an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus is treated using two methods at once: conservative and surgical.

Conservative treatment of Staphylococcus aureus consists of prescribing:

1. 1) Antibiotics. Currently, Staphylococcus aureus has developed resistance to a huge amount of antibacterial agents, which were previously used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Therefore, in the presence of severe infections, Penicillin or Ampiox is not used, as before, but Augmentin or even Vancomycin or Targotsid are prescribed. The first antibiotics begin to be used even before the culture results; subsequently they can be changed, taking into account the data of the bacteriological study.
2. 2) Bacteriophages– specially bred mutant viruses that are capable of destroying staphylococcus specifically.
3. 3) Can be used antistaphylococcal plasma or antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin – ready-made antibodies against staphylococcus.
4. 4) Immunomodulators and adaptogens– drugs used to “turn on” own strength body to fight bacteria.

Surgical treatment used according to indications. It involves opening cavities filled with pus, followed by draining them and washing them with antiseptics or antibiotics.

Which doctor should I contact for treatment?

If, after reading this article, you suspect that you have symptoms characteristic of this disease, then you should