Three inspiring stories about people who, with their examples, proved that without hearing, you can become an actor, journalist, athlete - yes, in fact, anyone.
Tatyana Beers, athlete
Tatyana Birs, graduate of RGUFKSMIT (State University physical culture, sports, youth and tourism), as an applicant, she passed the entrance examination along with hearing students. There were 30 people in her group, seven of whom were deaf. Deaf children did not have any privileges: tests and exams were taken in writing, and lectures from teachers had to be read by lips. By specialty, Tatyana Beers is a specialist in adaptive physical education. According to the girl, this profession will be useful to her in her old age - she will train the deaf and hard of hearing, but for now she continues to train herself.
Since childhood I have lived for sports. She went in for swimming, and at the same time tried herself in volleyball and basketball. I played football professionally for several years and worked as an athlete-instructor - this was my main source of income. She took prizes at the Moscow and Russian championships for the deaf. And in 2015 I had to leave this profession for personal reasons. That’s how I first thought about an eight-hour working day.But that doesn't mean I gave up active image life. I continue to participate in sporting events such as “Become Human”, “Gladiator Race”, “Moscow Marathon” and others. I became seriously interested in handball. I recently purchased a motorcycle and plan to spend the whole winter in the garage, dismantling the bike: I should know what I’m riding.
Her ability to read lips, acquired during her student years, helped her become a sales specialist in one of the Moscow companies. I found a vacancy on the Internet, made an appointment with the employer using the translation dispatch service, whose specialists dialed the number of the company’s central office. Nothing complicated, she assures.
When submitting documents to the university, I asked the members of the admissions committee whether there would be a sign language interpreter at the lectures. I will never forget their answer: “You live in a hearing world. Learn to survive without interpreters.” It's unpleasant, of course. But there are also advantages here. For example, I learned to read information from lips, which now helps me a lot in my work. I didn’t hide anything in my resume, I just indicated that I have hearing problems. I was interviewed by two specialists: a recruiter and the director of the company. I haven't heard any of them. At all. I "read" them. So I was accepted into the most ordinary team for the most ordinary job.
Tatyana Beers says that it is harder for those who cannot read lips. Most often, deaf people use the “pen and paper” method when communicating with a hearing person, but not every employer will agree to waste their time on correspondence. They find it tedious, she explains. Another problem is that (if management still considers the paper-to-pen method of communication) the deaf person’s command of Russian is not good enough. After all, his native language- Russian sign language.
Usually, in the morning, our manager distributes task lists for the day to all employees, which makes it very easy for me to complete my work. There is another deaf girl in my department. Quite often I am asked to translate into sign language for her; she cannot “read” like I do. I used to think that I speak poorly: I can’t hear myself and that’s why I can’t correct myself. This embarrassed me, and I practically did not speak, preferring to answer in writing. But when I started working in a team with hearing people, I decided that I had to get rid of this complex.
In addition to training and office work, Tatyana Beers runs the “World of the Deaf” project, where she tries to help people like her to better perceive the world around them.
People with hearing loss find it easier to perceive visual information than text. The project has its own newspaper, I decided to take information from there and create video reports - this is how we got a weekly news release.
Antonina Pichugina, theater and film actress
Antonina Pichugina, a professional actress, began her career at the Nedoslov Theater as an extra in the play "Wings Are Given to Everyone" based on the story-parable by Richard Bach, whose acting troupe is deaf or hard of hearing. Currently, she already has several memorable roles: she plays Inna in “The Delights of Betrayal”, Verochka in “Duck Hunt” by Vampilova and others. She recently received several more interesting offers from the Nedoslov Theater, but she is not yet ready to voice them.
Did I have invitations to regular theaters? Not yet. But I know several examples when a deaf actress was accepted into a hearing troupe. The theater in which I play is practically no different from the usual one, except for the means of transmitting information: we tell the audience a story in sign language (the performance is simultaneously voiced by a sign language interpreter), and there are also performances where there are no words - there is only body language.
Antonina Pichugina graduated from the theater department of the State Specialized Institute of Arts, recently renamed RGSAI , and not so long ago I completed an assistantship - an internship course for training highly qualified personnel in the specialty "Acting". So another profession appeared in her life - now she teaches stage sign language techniques to RGSAI students.
My main task is to ensure that the academy students communicate competently in sign language - as required by the theater stage: clarity, flexibility and expressiveness of the hands. In everyday life, communication is structured differently: sign language is replete with jargon. In addition, many come to us from different cities of Russia, and each of them has their own characteristics of proficiency in sign language - often it is distorted. The language of the deaf, like any other independent language, has its own grammar and rules. I teach students to speak literary sign language.
According to Antonina Pichugina, admission to the academy, where people with special needs study, is carried out in the same way as to a regular theater university: the applicant needs to tell a fable, poetry and prose.
On entrance examinations The student can only use sign language and cannot speak. The applicant must pay more attention to the plasticity of the body, movements - the selection committee looks at and evaluates his physical capabilities. They also pay attention to the passion and persuasiveness of the applicant’s execution of the literary program. The training is carried out with a heavy load, and no one is allowed to give up. Among the teachers of the academy there are both native sign language speakers - deaf, and hearing teachers who use the help of a sign language interpreter.
Employers often refuse deaf people, Antonina Pichugina admits with regret, the main reason is the method of communication (not everyone is ready to communicate with an employee using the paper-pen method). But this is not the only trouble that a deaf person may encounter: banks are reluctant to give loans to people who have a certificate of disability - VTEC, it is problematic to consult with a lawyer or simply get a stamp from a notary. But this does not mean that a person with health problems gives up and stops fighting. The managers of one store did not want to accept Antonina’s application for purchasing goods on credit, explaining their position to her this way: banks would not consider a disabled person as a borrower.
Alexander Sidelnikov, journalist
Alexander Sidelnikov is an engineer by profession. Like most, he has a choice future profession My parents helped me do it. But after graduating from university, he decided to build a career in a completely different field - journalism. Now he works as a correspondent for the websites of the All-Russian Organization of the Deaf and "Deaf.net". The sites have their own channels on YouTube, where Alexander Sidelnikov broadcasts for deaf and hard of hearing audiences (broadcasts news and stories from the lives of deaf people in sign language). I was able to get this position myself, without resorting to any connections. According to Alexander Sidelnikov, it is quite easy for someone who is good at conveying information in sign language to become a correspondent.
Recently, Alexander Sidelnikov became a teacher at MSLU (Moscow State Linguistic University). The group in which he teaches consists of ordinary students, future translators of English verbal and Russian sign languages.
He also has some experience in film: he played two small but striking roles.
I starred in two films, the first of which was “Tribe” by Miroslav Slaboshpitsky, the second was “Loop” by Maxim Proshkin. I got into cinema by accident - I came across a casting announcement for Slaboshpitsky’s film on the Internet. No acting education was required; they recruited deaf young guys (who looked like teenagers), and I fit the description exactly. I went through several stages of selection, then went to Kyiv. By the way, I was the only Russian among the actors in the film “Tribe”.
According to Alexander Sidelnikov, the filming process was exciting, and he did not encounter any problems during the work. Numerous rehearsals helped to cope with all the tasks. Communication was easy thanks to the acting assistant, who skillfully translated all the director’s instructions.
Some say that you need to indicate your health in your resume, others think differently. I'm sure that universal rule no, you need to proceed from the situation. But if a candidate for a vacancy did not warn the employer about his illness, there is a chance to get an interview and prove that a deaf person can work on an equal basis with other employees.
Since September 1925, at the North-Western Vocational and Technical School NKSO named after. M.V. Frunze in Leningrad opened a department for the deaf and dumb, for whom 50 places were allocated in the first year. In 1927, the first group of deaf cadets graduated, and in the same year the People's Commissariat for Education issued a circular “On the admission of deaf-mutes to industrial training in vocational schools and training and production workshops.
In 1929 in Moscow, at the Chemical Workers' Faculty named after. Bukharin began studying the first group of deaf people (19 people). In 1931 at the Workers' Faculty named after. Rykov, a department for the deaf was opened in Moscow in the 1930s. Deaf people studied in groups at workers' schools in Leningrad, Kudinovo near Moscow, and Tomsk. In September 1931, a group of deaf people began studying at the workers' department at the Planning Institute in Novosibirsk; in 1933, they were transferred to the workers' department of the Tomsk Technological Institute (there were no full-time translators with the group; they were replaced by volunteers from among hearing-impaired students).
Groups of deaf and mute people were also organized at the physical education department of the 1st Bearing Plant, the physical education institution of the mechanical plant in Kemerovo, the physical education institution of the Rostselmash plant, etc.
For the 1920-30s. was characterized by vocational training of the deaf in schools with factory departments and on the basis of factory schools at industrial enterprises. Until 1953, there were no factory departments (FZOs) or factory schools specially allocated for training the deaf, but in each individual case an agreement was reached with any FZO and FZU school for the simultaneous training of a group of deaf-mutes consisting of 20-25 people. . For example, on September 1, 1933, classes began in a group of deaf-mutes consisting of 20 people at the Kemerovo Mechanical Plant with a two-year training period.
Education of the deaf in technical schools began in 1931, when at the Leningrad Industrial Technical School NKSO named after. M. Frunze, deaf people began to study in the same groups together with hearing people in the metalworking and woodworking departments.
Before the Great Patriotic War 396 deaf people graduated from workers' faculties, 122 of whom subsequently received higher education.
After the war, admission of deaf people to the Moscow Machine-Building Institute began. Dzerzhinsky and Moscow oxygen welding technical schools. Since 1948, deaf people could obtain the specialties of a universal turner, carpenter, and tool maker at the Tula Special Vocational School. In the first half of the 1950s. For groups of the deaf, FZO schools were organized on the basis of the Gorky Automobile Plant, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, and at a plant in the city of Verkhnyaya Tura Sverdlovsk region. In 1949 At the Zlatoust Mechanical Engineering College! them. P.P. Anosov organized a group of deaf and mute students of 20 people. IN next year 32 deaf people were admitted to the Chelyabinsk Mechanical Engineering College for the first year. Both technical schools trained specialists in the specialty “cold metal processing”. Since 1952, deaf people studied in groups at the Rybinsk Aviation College and at the Vladimir Aviation Mechanical College. Since 1965, dental technicians from among the deaf have been trained at the Pyatigorsk Medical School. By 1976 in the RSFSR, special groups were opened at 9 technical schools.
In 1961, a list of professions was approved consisting of 298 specialties that deaf people can obtain in technical schools and universities.
In 1965, in Pavlovsk, the Leningrad Rehabilitation Center, built with funds from the All-Russian Society of the Deaf, opened its doors to deaf students (director I.F. Geilman), which had a polytechnic school, a vocational school and educational workshops.
In 1975, the first group of deaf people was created at the Moscow Technical School of Mechanization of the Central Statistical Office of the RSFSR. Until 1986, 15-20 deaf people from various educational institutions in Moscow were admitted annually to the technical school for group training (with interpreters).
In 1981, Medical School No. 1 in Moscow opened its doors to the first group of 20 deaf students. The students of the medical school were graduates of Moscow boarding schools for deaf and hard of hearing children No. 30, No. 10 and NIID.
In 1980-1990 with the assistance of the Moscow organization VOG, groups of deaf students were organized in various secondary specialized educational institutions in Moscow, where deaf specialists are still being trained.
Education of the deaf in universities began in 1932 at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Engineering, which admitted more than 10 deaf, former workers' faculty students. In 1934, the first group of deaf and hard of hearing people was admitted to the Moscow Mechanical Engineering Institute (current MSTU named after N.E. Bauman). The basis for training deaf people at the Moscow Higher Technical School was the workers' faculty named after. CM. Kirov, where, on the initiative of the Moscow organization VOG, a group of deaf people was created. In 1934, People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who was received at a reception by the Chairman of the Central Board of the Vog and the young translator D.N. Stopanovskaya, vouched for future deaf students of the institute. Thus began the long history of teaching deaf people at a prestigious technical university.
Similar groups were organized in the mid-1930s. at Moscow State University at the Faculty of Chemistry, at the Agricultural Academy named after. K. Timiryazeva (Faculty of Agrochemistry and Soil Science). Deaf people also studied at the Leningrad Industrial and Leningrad Chemical-Technological Institutes. In 1935, the first group of deaf rabfakov students entered the Tomsk Technological Institute.
In 1935, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a resolution “On increasing the amount of scholarships for deaf and mute students in higher educational institutions, technical schools and workers' faculties.”
By 1947, 76 deaf students were studying at universities; in 1951, their number increased to 202 people.
In 1959, a group of young graduates of the Moscow Higher Technical School named after. Bauman was sent to the S.P. Design Bureau. Queen.
In the 1970-80s. the deaf studied (at evening and correspondence courses at the Moscow Correspondence Polytechnic Institute, Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics, etc.
In Russia, the choice of specialty and the prospects for obtaining a particular profession by a young person with hearing loss depend not only on the quality of general education, the degree of hearing loss, the ability to use the remaining hearing, the level of development of verbal speech, but also on the readiness of the vocational education system for inclusion in the educational stream deaf students.
There are also restrictions on mastering certain professions - those that are associated with the need to communicate verbally, rely in the process professional activity on hearing, as well as putting stress on the vestibular apparatus. The list of industries and professions in which work is contraindicated for deaf, deaf-mute and persons with extreme hearing loss was approved on April 27, 1963 by the USSR Ministry of Health * All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Ministry social security. This list includes: underground work & mines, blasting work, underwater work, work! directly related to felling, logging and rafting of timber, work on all types of railway, road, water and air transport, both in traffic service and in track service, construction work on high altitudes open areas and in pits, etc. Production associated with exposure to powerful production noise(riveters, nailers,? trimmers, engine testers, etc.1.), were announced contraindicated for people with extreme hearing loss and chronic purulent otitis media.
But despite this, in the 1970-1980s. hundreds of deaf people worked as choppers and pressers (several years of work in hazardous production gave the right to receive a so-called “hot” pension). It should be noted that in Russia the list of professions “available to the deaf is sharply narrowed compared to foreign countries, in many of which such a “profession ban” is not even legally formalized.
Not available in our country legal basis vocational training for the deaf in vocational schools and other educational institutions. Not accepted regulatory documents regulating the rules for delivery by deaf persons entrance exams in secondary specialized educational institutions, issues of scholarship provision for deaf students, there is no indication of the need to develop a special curriculum for training the hearing impaired in vocational schools, technical schools and other educational institutions.
Regulatory documents on the organization of training for the deaf accompanied by sign language interpreters are vague! and optional. There are still no specific regulations on the rules for organizing groups of deaf students.
Graduates of special schools for deaf and hard-of-hearing children acquire specialties by studying in groups or alone at vocational schools, colleges, and universities directly at enterprises, including social rehabilitation (formerly industrial training) enterprises of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf. In most vocational education institutions where group training for the deaf is organized, the proposed professional training profiles lag behind the requirements of modern production and do not fully take into account the capabilities of people with hearing impairments. Engineering and technology remain the predominant professions for deaf people. Less often they receive professional artistic, cultural and educational, as well as economic, pedagogical and medical training. In Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg there is a kind of analogue of Gallaudet University - Interregional rehabilitation center(former Leningrad Rehabilitation Center). Currently there are more than 200 students studying at the Center full-time department and about the same amount - in absentia. There are departments “Design”, “Social pedagogy”, “Socio-cultural activities and folk art?”, “Sign language translation”, “Law and organization of social security”.
In the capital in the second half of the 1990s. on the basis of a former evening school! For deaf working youth, with the support of the Moscow Government and the City Education Committee, an experimental platform was opened - “Model of comprehensive general educational and professional training for hearing-impaired adolescents.” This special secondary school No. 483 (now Education Center No. 1406) for deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents provides children with secondary education and vocational training. The contingent is formed from graduates of schools for the deaf and hard of hearing in Moscow and other cities who have received basic secondary education. Classes are completed according to the training profile and in accordance with the requirements of the relevant vocational education institution. General education training is carried out by experienced speech-language pathologists according to secondary school programs, and students receive vocational training in vocational educational institutions in the capital, with which the school has entered into cooperation agreements. The scheme is something like this: today students attend lessons at school, study in auditoriums, and tomorrow they study major subjects in one of the technical schools (colleges) with the help of a sign language interpreter.
The school, which moved to a new building at the end of 2001, is a new type of educational institution: here general education persons with hearing impairments is combined with professional, legal, social support, graduates are partially employed.
Currently, this school has over 200 students studying in more than 10 specialties. In 1996, together with Moscow State Pedagogical University, the first lyceum class for people with hearing impairments was opened. Graduates of lyceum classes, who studied for two years at school, joined the ranks of students at the defectology faculty of Moscow State Pedagogical University. Many school graduates entered MSTU. Bauman and other universities.
Since 1998, Moscow City Pedagogical College No. 4 has been enrolling in groups and training deaf students in the specialty “teacher of correctional educational institutions.”
Deaf and hard of hearing people who have good educational training, can, if they wish, enroll in prestigious universities. Such examples are not uncommon.
In accordance with the Federal Law “On social protection disabled people in the Russian Federation" (Article 19(1)), "children with disabilities and people with disabilities since childhood, subject to successful passing (receiving successful grades) entrance exams to... state or municipal educational institutions of higher professional education, are admitted to the specified educational institutions out of competition and are provided with scholarships, if... studying is not contraindicated for them...” The same article states that the state guarantees disabled people necessary conditions for education and training, and government bodies Education departments provide students with the opportunity to use the services of sign language interpreters. In practice, unfortunately, universities are trying to “kick out” deaf singletons, and there is a big shortage of sign language interpreters, and no one wants to pay for their services. As a result, the majority of deaf school graduates choose one of the higher educational institutions! where groups of deaf people with interpreters are already studying. There are few of them: Moscow State Technical University named after. N.E. Bauman, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russian State pedagogical university them. A.I. Herzen in St. Petersburg, State Specialized Institute of Arts, Institute social rehabilitation Novosibirsk State Technical University. The last two are specialized higher educational institutions for disabled people.
In 1934 at the Moscow Higher Technical School named after. N.E. Bauman began group training of the deaf with a sign language interpreter; by 1994, 201 young specialists with hearing impairment graduated from Moscow Higher Technical University (now MSTU), 21 of them with honors.
Since 1993, it has been operating at MSTU Training center for the deaf (its creation was initiated by the Chairman of the Moscow City Administration of the Vog I.A. Abramov); now it is the Moscow Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of the Hearing Disabled at MSTU. Its task is to provide social and rehabilitation support for the educational process of deaf students: providing students with sign language interpreters at all stages of their studies; individual hearing aids, individual consultants; 1 methodologists work here curricula, specialists in auditory-verbal rehabilitation, sociologists, psychologists. The Center has created a powerful infrastructure educational programs for students with hearing impairments.
The first stage of training (3 years) is organized to adapt students with hearing impairments to educational space university and obtaining basic higher education. The second stage involves obtaining a bachelor's degree -1 after 5 years of study, then a specialist or master's degree after 7 years. At this stage of training, students study in a general stream (in fact, this is true for students with decent hearing, but for the rest, “full integration” is not achieved, they study in small groups surrounded by hearing people and use the services of interpreters). Currently, more than 160 deaf students are studying in 7 specialties, including prestigious ones.
Since 1991 at the Department of Deaf Education of the Moscow Pedagogical University state university training is provided for groups of students with hearing impairments. Duration of training is 5 years. There are currently 80 deaf and hard of hearing students studying here. Since 1996, more than 70 people with hearing impairments have graduated from MPGU, more than 70% successfully work as teachers in special schools, social workers, psychologists, 6 people entered graduate school.
In 1992, the State Specialized Institute of Arts for Disabled People was created. Here deaf people study at faculties fine arts(specialties: easel painting and graphics, duration of study 6 years) and theatrical art (specialty actor of dramatic theater and cinema, duration of study 5 years.
The number of people suffering from hearing loss and hearing loss in the Primorsky Territory has increased. This was reported by the Deputy Chief Physician of the Territory clinical center specialized types medical care Albina Omelyanenko at a press conference dedicated to the problem social adaptation people with hearing impairment.
– Today the problem of hearing loss among residents major cities very relevant. A huge amount of city noise puts pressure on the ears every day, irreversibly reducing hearing. Faced with a partial or total loss hearing, people withdraw into themselves and begin to feel uncomfortable in society. In general, there is a growing trend in the number of people suffering from hearing loss. In this situation, it is important to show that there are ways to solve the problem and there are specialists who can help,” Albina Omelyanenko outlined the range of issues.
According to the Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care, in the Primorsky Territory, every tenth person, or 190,000 people, has some kind of hearing problem. 30,000 adults and children are registered with an audiologist. The main cause of hearing loss is an unhealthy lifestyle: high noise pollution of city streets, household noise, regular listening to music on headphones high frequencies, club culture.
As Vladimir Shuvaev, head of the Primorsky Regional Hearing Rehabilitation Center, said, for several years now, as part of the national project “Health,” audiological screening of newborns and children in the first year of life has been carried out for hearing loss. On the second or third day after birth, the child is examined by a specialist, and if initial examination hearing impairment is detected, the child is sent to Primorsky regional center hearing rehabilitation, where it will be further examined and diagnosed. According to statistics, out of 1,000 children, two are born deaf. These children can count on receiving a state quota as part of the provision of high-tech medical care and using surgery (cochlear implantation) to improve their hearing. Over the past 5 years, 84 children from the Primorsky Territory have received such assistance.
The main problems faced by the hearing impaired are the lack of sign language interpreters and teachers with knowledge of sign language, and employment after obtaining a specialty. According to the chairman of the Primorsky branch of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf (VOG) Tatyana Kolekonova, even if a student with reduced hearing uses hearing aid at lectures or classes in educational institution, he cannot always hear, have time to write down and correctly understand the material. In 2012 alone, 600 hearing impaired people turned to VOG for the help of a sign language interpreter. In total, in the Primorsky Territory there are 5 specialists who have received permission to act as sign language interpreters.
Head of the Head Hunter press service Far East Olga Trofimova noted that 50% Russian companies have employees with hearing disabilities, another 20% are interested in them. However, employers do not know how to adapt people with disabilities in the workplace, 13% do not understand how to interact with such people about open positions. At the same time, Trofimova emphasized that today the hearing impaired have access to such professions as designer, database manager, online store consultant, social network manager, etc. In addition, modern software allows the hearing impaired to get an office job; communicators and instant messengers allow them to communicate with colleagues on equal terms. In general, people with limited hearing can engage in almost any profession and apply for any position, it depends on the degree of hearing loss and on what qualifications the person has. An exception is work related to audio equipment - telephone, selector, walkie-talkie.
MEDICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED TO CHOICE OF PROFESSIONS
It goes without saying how important the choice of professional activity is in a person’s life.
Mistakes made are difficult to correct, but right choice- the basis for success in life and self-realization as an individual and as a professional. But abilities for a profession can be developed in the process of study or in the process production activities. However for fruitful work this may not be enough, since each professional environment has its own medical contraindications .
One speaks of unsuitability for a profession in cases where there are deviations in the state of health that, according to a doctor’s opinion, are not compatible with work in a particular profession. This means that a person will either not be able to do work at all, or the work will worsen his health.
For people with hearing impairments, there are the following medical contraindications when choosing a profession:
Noise impact– leads to spasm of blood vessels throughout the body, which causes disruption of blood supply and microcirculation of brain cells that perceive audio information. The hair cells that receive sound are in constant “starvation,” which results in further hearing loss or even loss. This is work in workshops, on a construction site, in a workshop.
Working with moving mechanisms – it involves the participation of a second person and the hearing impaired may not hear his commands. This is work in production, on the railway.
Work with increased hearing demands – listening to the heart, lungs ( medical worker), receiving sound signals (dispatcher, duty officer).
Work at height - pathology is present in the deaf and hard of hearing inner ear, which leads to a violation of spatial orientation (high-altitude worker, crane operator).
Oscillations atmospheric pressure in production conditions – this leads to lesions of the auditory and vestibular apparatus. High blood pressure inner ear causes irreversible changes auditory nerve. These phenomena are associated with functional vascular disorders(submariner, high-altitude pilot, pilot).
If these circumstances are not taken into account, the choice of profession may become unsuccessful and lead to irreversible consequences (injuries, deaths).
VOG achieved the lifting of employment restrictions for deaf people
Finally after many years, through the efforts of the leadership of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf and the Office social policy and rehabilitation, on February 3, 2015, an order of the Ministry of Health was registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia, which removes restrictions for deaf people when applying for work.
This is an order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated December 5. 2014 No. 801n “On amendments to appendices No. 1 and No. 2 to the order of the Ministry of Health and social development Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n “On approval of lists of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work during which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the Procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations(surveys) of workers employed in hard work and at work with hazardous and (or) hazardous conditions Labor", which is registered under No. 35848 by the Ministry of Justice of Russia.
Let's start with the fact that the All-Russian Society of the Deaf in its activities pays priority attention to the social and labor rehabilitation of people with hearing impairments, including solving problems of their employment. In 2012, by ratifying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Russia thereby joined international documents, protecting the rights of people with disabilities. In accordance with the May Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a set of measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of measures to promote the employment of people with disabilities and ensuring accessibility to vocational education for 2012-2015. Enormous budget funds are currently allocated for employment programs for people with disabilities.
At the same time, deaf people faced discrimination in matters of employment. So the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011. No. 302n “On approval of lists of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the Procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers engaged in heavy work and at work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions ", actually deprived the hearing impaired opportunities to work in such professions as a general-purpose lathe operator, a general-purpose machine operator, a milling operator, etc.
From all over the country, the VOG Central Office began to receive appeals related to the entry into force of this order, from the Amur, Bashkir, Tambov, Tver, Chelyabinsk and other regional branches of the VOG LLC, as well as from enterprises where deaf people successfully work in blue-collar occupations.
For many decades, people with hearing impairments have worked and are working at manufacturing enterprises, on mechanical equipment, having open moving (rotating) structural elements (lathes, milling and other machines, stamping presses, etc.). This order contradicted the official public policy Russian Federation in relation to citizens with disabilities. In connection with the introduction of this order, a huge number of hearing impaired people working at industrial enterprises at machine tools were threatened with layoffs. medical contraindications. In the Chelyabinsk region alone, about 500 people were under threat of layoffs.
The threat of mass layoffs of hearing-impaired people across the country has led to serious social tensions among the deaf.
VOG believed and believes that deafness in no way can be an obstacle to work performed directly on mechanical equipment that has open moving elements (lathes, milling and other machines, stamping presses, etc.). There are also no statistics or other evidence base that the lack of hearing somehow negatively affects the performance of these works.
In order to protect the rights of the deaf, the All-Russian Society of the Deaf sent letters to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation with a request to eliminate the discriminatory provisions of this order.
Article 33 federal law No. 181-FZ dated November 24, 1995 “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation” stipulates that “ Federal authorities executive power, executive power bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies local government, organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, attract authorized representatives public associations disabled people to prepare and make decisions affecting the interests of disabled people. One can only regret that this order was not initially agreed upon with the All-Russian Society of the Deaf, which led to such sad consequences.
VOG President Valery Rukhledev, speaking at meetings of the Commission for Persons with Disabilities under the President of the Russian Federation on various issues, including education and employment of the hearing impaired, repeatedly emphasized the inadmissibility of such discrimination. The same active work in this direction was carried out by the Department of Social Policy and Rehabilitation of the Vog, headed by Vice-President S.A. Ivanov, whose specialists performed at various venues, starting with State Duma, Federation Council, ministries and departments and the media.
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, taking into account the firm position of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf on the need to amend Order No. 302n, has prepared new project order of May 15, 2013 “On approval of the List of production factors...”. This project eliminated restrictions for the hearing impaired in the professions of machine operators. However, this draft order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for reasons beyond our control, was not approved, despite the support of the chief physician, otorhinolaryngologist of Russia, Ya.A. Nakatis and first deputy general director FMBC named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia, chief freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation and FMBA of Russia in occupational pathology Andrey Yuryevich Bushmanov.
Once again, the current situation required decisive action, and the Vog turned to the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation O.Yu. Golodets with a request for immediate legal regulation of the norms granting hearing impaired people the right to work in machine tools and to drive vehicles, by amending the current order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n.
This is the order of O.Yu. Golodets dated 02/06/2014. No. OG-P12-927 was sent to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Once again, specialists from the Ministry of Health and the VOG gathered to develop and agree on wording that was included in a separate order in the aforementioned order No. 302n with the aim of preventing discrimination against deaf people when applying for jobs and obtaining licenses to drive vehicles.
In May–June 2014, this project went through all stages of approval and was posted on the website for public discussion. But in August it was returned for revision due to comments from the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation had to rework it again. This was not exactly the document we were expecting. But given that it also eliminates discrimination based on deafness, the FOG agreed on it to speed up its adoption.
However, the “epic” did not end there either. A technical inaccuracy was discovered in the final version of the project. And VOG had to be connected again to eliminate it. We turned to organizations licensed to conduct anti-corruption examinations to make another amendment. One of the first to respond was the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Tomsk Region and an expert from the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (OJSC MMK).
This is how the next stage of approval passed in October. But in November the document remained virtually motionless. We had to make further efforts to promote this document. At the beginning of December V.N. Rukhledev once again raised the issue of Order 302 during a personal meeting with the Minister of Health V.I. Skvortsova. She promised to take this document under her personal control.
A few days later, on December 5, the order we needed was signed and on December 12 it went for registration with the Russian Ministry of Justice. Until the end of 2014, VOG lived in anticipation of its registration, but this did not happen. The entire month of January 2015 was spent in constant correspondence and phone calls. The situation was ambiguous. The regions patiently waited for what was promised. And finally, the Ministry of Health reported that the order had been registered (see attachment). Justice has triumphed, for which we congratulate all of us!
I would like to say words of gratitude to those people who directly carried out this work - specialists D.A. Tolmachev, V.E. Andrusov and Deputy Head of the Department of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation N.A. Kostenko. The All-Russian Society of the Deaf expresses special gratitude for the support of our efforts in developing and adopting amendments to order No. 302n to Nikolai Arkadyevich Daikhes, chief freelance otorhinolaryngologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, director of the Federal government agency « Scientific and clinical center otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia". Everything was very difficult, but they understood how important it was for us and did everything possible to speed up the process of adopting this document.
We bring to your attention the VOG's comments on the new order.
