Many names of parts of the human body have an interesting history. And to get acquainted with these stories will help us true friend- etymological dictionary.

Heart

Let's start with the most important human organ - the heart. This word is often used in the sense of "soul"; heart man- soft, kind, sincere. And by its origin, this word should rightfully be mentioned first: the heart is connected with the “middle”. That is, the heart is the “middle”, the center of a person, his essence, the most, most important thing in him.

Liver

There were, however, earlier and other ideas about the receptacle of the soul. For example, the liver. This word is derived from the verb "oven", which had earlier meaning"cook, prepare food" The liver is probably so named because of important role during the process of digestion. Although not everything is clear here: after all, from the same verb, though in a more complicated way, the name of another internal organ, the kidney, is formed. And the kidneys are not involved in digestion!

Lungs

Another internal organ - the lungs - is so named because it is lighter than other organs of the body and does not sink in water. A person has two lungs; in the singular, this word sounds like an easy one.

Previously, in Russian, the most common noun for designating this body was plyucha. It goes back to an ancient root meaning "to swim". This word reflected the same observation about the ability of the lung to float on water. It's interesting that Latin name lung - pulmo - is also associated with the ancient verb "to swim." Now we can see the Latin root in the name of the section of medicine that studies lung diseases - pulmonology.

Spine, cartilage, clavicle, shoulder blade

Of the words denoting different elements of the musculoskeletal system, interesting story have the words spine, cartilage, clavicle, shoulder blade. The spine is made up of individual vertebrae, like a chain of links. It is the word "link" that the name spine is related to.

The word cartilage in others Slavic languages looks like a crackle, a crackle, a crackle. In these names, a connection with the verb "crunch" is visible.

Weave your fingers together and bend them with a sharp effort - do you hear a crunch? Sit down - do your knees creak? This sound is produced by joints, junctions - the composition (hence the word joint) of bones with each other, in which there is a lot of cartilaginous tissue. In children, it is elastic, so it produces less sounds. With age cartilage tissue hardens, joints become less flexible, and often older people are asked: “How are you?” ironically answer: “Squeak!”

The word clavicle is related to both “key”, and “stick”, and “club”. All of them denote objects, one way or another curved. The clavicle is the bone that connects the shoulder and the torso. latin letter S. It is interesting that in the Old Russian language a stick was called not only a stick for support with a curved upper end, but also cunning, resourcefulness, deceit.

The shoulder blade is a wide, flat bone located in the upper back that looks like a small spade. The name of a plant with wide, flat leaves, burdock, is historically associated with this word.

Eyes, eyelid, eyelashes

Now let's talk about appearance. Eyes... Where did this word come from? In some Slavic languages, the word "eye" means ... a cobblestone, a boulder. In the Old Russian language, "eye" meant a ball. Scientists believe that originally the word "eye" meant a stone ball, a bead, or even a berry bone. Then it began to be used instead of the word "eye" in different kind colloquial terms. They sometimes say now: “Hey, why did you roll out the balls?”, Meaning that a person is staring at something. And the “balls” in Old Russian just turned out to be “eyes”. Then this word finally replaced the eye, the eyes, leaving them only the field of poetry.

The word "eyelid" in many Slavic languages means a cover. The eyelids really close the eye, being its protection. Additionally protect the eye and "eyelashes", whose name is related to the word found in different dialects of the Russian language - "ryasny", which means "abundant, lush, frequent" (obviously, the density of growth of small hairs - eyelashes) is responsible for the formation of the word "guilty" .

Leather

The origin of the word skin is interesting. It turns out to be associated with the word "goat" and originally meant a goat's skin. Like this!

Language

"Language" is an ambiguous word. In addition to the well-known organ of taste and speech, located in the mouth, this word denotes both speech and the ability to speak. "Which foreign language do you study?”, “How much does a jellied tongue cost?”, “Could you help me swing this heavy tongue of a bell?”, “Have you lost your tongue ?!” - in all these questions the word language appears in different meanings.

But this word used to have one more meaning, now completely forgotten: “language” was called the people, the community of people who speak the same language, understand each other. This is where the word "pagan" came from - "representative of a non-Christian people."

The etymological dictionary can tell the curious reader a lot more. For example, that the words foot and nail are historically related and come from common word, which once meant a hoof.

Or about the fact that the neck is so named because it “sews” the head and torso, and in the related word “sheath” (used only with the preposition for and as part of the adverb top-down), the meanings “sew, sew” and "twirl".

Or that the words “eyebrow” and “log” are historically close. In a word, do not forget to look into the dictionary at every opportunity - you will always find a lot of interesting things there!

Heads, shoulders, knees and… tear carcass?

We tend to think that we know everything or almost everything about ourselves. But in the human body there are a huge number of body parts, the name of which we do not even guess. And now you have the opportunity for the first time to call a spade a spade and get to know the nameless parts of yourself.
In addition, you will be able to impress people with your amazing knowledge of anatomy and physiology. And from now on, it will be much easier for you to communicate with doctors (believe me, they also like to call things by their proper names).

Body part named glabella

Many people would do well to thin it out

Well hello, dear reader - meet Glabella! This is the place above the bridge of the nose and between the eyebrows. Its name comes from the Latin "glabellus", which means "hairless", but even beautiful people planets may have problems with hairiness in this part of the body. But wait... If Frida Kahlo can flaunt a unibrow and still be one of the world's greatest artists, then why should mere mortals care about some "hairy" glabella? Perhaps you just need to invest in good tweezers - and the problem is solved.
By the way, glabella can be useful: if you pinch the skin on it with your fingers and it does not smooth out, this is a sign of dehydration. This simple test could save your life one day.

Filtrum

An angel's fingerprint or just a hollow?

A small hollow under the nose is the "filtrum", or philtrum. In fairy tales, this is the place of the touch of an angel, erasing the memories of a past life.
In mammals such as dogs, the philtrum keeps the nose moist, which contributes greatly to any dog's amazing olfactory ability.
In humans, the groove has ceased to perform practical functions, however, it can also help in the diagnosis of diseases: the flattened walls of the groove can indicate alcoholism or Prader-Willi syndrome. A wide filtrum is associated with Down syndrome (most often in boys).

human nostrils

Nostril made up of nostrils - the world will never be the same

Let's focus on the nose area. In fact, each of your nostrils is made up of many small nostrils. The nasal septum, which the “cool” youth loves to pierce so much, has its own wings, which are called “columella nasi”. Now you know everything about your nose.

Sounds proud, but means something that brings pain in the night

You still refer to this part of the body as the big toe. Sounds kind of ordinary, don't you think? But they could proudly call him “Hallux”, like some ancient Greek god!
Most likely, you do not remember about its existence until the moment you hit the pieces of furniture, however, it is he who helps you keep your balance and vertical position. Absence thumb - the serious reason to refuse to serve the Motherland (which is why many "craftsmen" shoot themselves in the foot).

Finger Morton

Even the Statue of Liberty has it. And you have?

Continuing the theme of leg riddles, let's talk about what is observed in many people.
Morton's finger is physiological feature, with which forefinger the legs are longer than the big one. It does not bring any harm to health (apart from problems with the choice of shoes). However, in Ancient Greece such a finger was considered the standard of beauty, and even the Statue of Liberty was created with such a “defect”.

Handful (Gowpen)

An unknown Scandinavian word, the knowledge of which will be useful

Oddly enough, but in Russian there is not even a hint of a similar word. According to encyclopedias, it is read as "gaupen". In fact, this word does not denote a part of the body as such, but denotes a function - to carry something in folded palms in such a way that they turn into a vessel (the closest it can be translated as "fold hands like a boat" or "handful").
The etymology of the word itself goes back to the Old Norse gaupn, which means "a hollow made from hands joined together to form the shape of a bowl." Still, the Vikings thought creatively.

Anatomical snuffbox

All literary heroes took a snuff of tobacco from her

Sounds like something from the sexual realm, but it's far from it. The snuffbox is a natural depression on outside hands, between thumb and forefinger.
This part of the body got its name due to the fact that it was convenient to sniff tobacco from it. A very pragmatic attitude towards your body.

Bridle bridle strife

A simple bridle, but how beautiful it sounds! In fact, there are many bridles on the human body. This connective tissue, which helps moving parts move in a given area. For example, holding the tongue or upper lip.
As you know, men have another frenulum - on the penis. It can cause problems during intercourse. Also, this place is popular for piercings. Therefore, you should not google the word "bridle" at work if you do not want questions from colleagues or superiors.

An incomprehensible part of the body, but it is more interesting with it

Tragus is a small triangular cartilage outer ear. With it, you can close the ear canal if you press.
Like the frenulum, this part of the body is popular for body piercing, but its natural function is still unknown. Perhaps it serves to detect the source of the sound.

Beautiful name for a tender part of the body

The white crescents at the base of the nail are the "lanula". Their name, as expected, they received from the Latin "lun", which translates as "moon". In fact, this is the second nail under the first, and very sensitive. Any injury to the lanula entails a lifelong deformation of the nail, so it should be protected like the apple of an eye.

Dimples of Venus

So tasty for many depressions

The dimples of Venus, or simply the dimples on the back, have long been considered a symbol of sexuality and female beauty, so it is not surprising that they were named after the Roman goddess of beauty.
There is a common misconception that people with dimples of Venus are more sensual, passionate and reach orgasm faster. There is no scientific evidence for this version.
The bad news for those who want to get those dimples is that they can't be created through diet and exercise. Just genetics and nothing else.

Mysterious place with its own name

Cantus is called outer corner palpebral fissure, where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The reason why this place needs a name is a mystery shrouded in darkness.

Lacrimal caruncle (Lacrimal curuncle)

Perhaps the strangest part of the body

Everyone wondered - what is this ball of flesh in the inner corner of the eye. And this is precisely it - the lacrimal meat. Thanks to him, we cry, or rather, we bring tears out. Scientists note that the meat is a vestigial part of the so-called "third century" (which can be found even in cats - try to look into their eyes during sleep). For some unknown reason, the human body abandoned them, although most mammals still boast extra eye protection.

Supersternal groove

Another non-sexual but erotic body part

Like the dimples of Venus, the supersternal groove refers to absolutely non-sexual parts of the body, but is considered as such.
Sex aside, this part of the body is a great point to strike when defending against an attack. From which side to look - you decide.

armpit vulgaris

Axilla, or simply "armpit" is an important part of the body of any person, no matter how much we sometimes want to get rid of it. Sprays, shaving, even removal of sweat glands - that's what many go to to get rid of the smell of sweat. Meanwhile, it is the glands located in the axillas that transmit information about their owner to the olfactory receptors of potential sexual partners.

Gynecomastia

Not only women have ... breasts

The male chest is a very peculiar part of the body. And for many representatives of the stronger sex, they turn not into steel plates of the torso, but into a kind of female mammary glands. This is possible in adolescence during hormonal changes. Moreover, in the adult state, gynecomastia is also possible - it is observed in bodybuilders who take steroids for too long. The deviation can go away on its own, but most often surgery is needed.

Muscle that lifts the upper lip and wing of the nose (Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi)

Elvis left this world, but his smile remained

The favorite muscle of the king of rock and roll, Elvis Presley, has received the status of the muscle with the most long name. She is responsible for your ability to be ironic and smile sarcastically. Using it would be great for Draco Malfoy to show his dislike at a Muggle party.
The name of this muscle is translated as "elevator of both edges of the lip and wing of the nose." With the "sarcastic muscle" located on both sides of the mouth, most people can demonstrate irony with only one part of it.
There are still a lot of names in the human body, from which ordinary person can get bad. However, with this set, you can already pass for an expert in the field of human nature, so keep it for yourself - you won't regret it.

Has it ever seemed strange to you that you have been living for more than a dozen years, but know absolutely nothing about own body? Or that you ended up taking a human anatomy exam, but didn't prepare for it at all. In both cases, you need to catch up on lost knowledge, and get to know the human organs better. Their location is best viewed in pictures - visibility is very important. Therefore, we have collected pictures for you in which the location of human organs is easily traced and signed with inscriptions.

If you like games with human internal organs, be sure to try on our site.

To enlarge any picture, click on it and it will open in full size. This way you can read the fine print. So let's start at the top and work our way down.

Human organs: location in pictures.

Brain

The human brain is the most complex and least understood human organ. He manages all other organs, coordinates their work. In fact, our consciousness is the brain. Despite the little study, we still know the location of its main departments. This picture describes in detail the anatomy of the human brain.

Larynx

The larynx allows us to make sounds, speech, singing. The structure of this cunning organ is shown in the picture.

Major organs, organs of the chest and abdomen

This picture shows the location of 31 organs human body from the thyroid cartilage to the rectum. If you urgently need to see the location of any body in order to win an argument with a friend or get an exam, this picture will help.

The picture shows the location of the larynx, thyroid gland, trachea, pulmonary veins and arteries, bronchi, heart and pulmonary lobes. Not much, but very clear.

Schematic layout internal organs human from the trochea to the bladder is shown in this picture. Due to its small size, it loads quickly, saving you time for spying on the exam. But we hope that if you are studying to be a doctor, then you do not need the help of our materials.

A picture with the location of the internal organs of a person, which also shows the system of blood vessels and veins. Organs are beautifully depicted from an artistic point of view, some of them are signed. We hope that among the signed there are those that you need.

A picture that details the location of the organs of the human digestive system and the small pelvis. If you have a stomach ache, then this picture will help you locate the source while it works. Activated carbon, or while you make it easy digestive system in amenities.

Location of the pelvic organs

If you need to know the location of the superior adrenal artery, bladder, large psoas or any other body abdominal cavity then this picture will help you. It describes in detail the location of all organs of this cavity.

The human genitourinary system: the location of organs in pictures

Everything you wanted to know about urogenital systems s men or women shown in this picture. Seminal vesicles, egg, labia of all stripes and of course, the urinary system in all its glory. Enjoy!

male reproductive system

Origin, development, forms and structure human body engaged in the science of anatomy. Anatomy studies how external forms and body proportions individual bodies, their structure and microscopic structure. Anatomy is closely related to the science of vital functions organism and organs - physiology.

General information about the structure of the human body

The entire human body is covered with skin, which protects organs and organ systems from exposure environment, maintains and regulates a certain body temperature. Located under the skin body fat which protects the body and internal organs from mechanical damage keeps you warm in the cold season. Under the fat layer are the muscles and bones, which are attached to the muscles with the help of tendons. Inside the human body there are two cavities: chest and abdominal, separated by a diaphragm. V chest cavity there is a heart with a system large vessels, lungs and esophagus. In the abdominal region below the diaphragm are the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas and gallbladder. On the back wall the abdominal region, on both sides of the spine are the kidneys. Below is a thin and colon, appendix, bladder, in men - the seminal vesicle, prostate and Cooper glands, and in women - the ovaries and uterus.

In the thickness of the body on the back wall is the spine, which is a bone tube consisting of vertebrae. Inside the bony tube is spinal cord. Upper section The spinal cord is connected to the skull, inside the skull is the brain.

Parts of the body and internal organs of a person are divided into external morphological features of body parts and internal components.

External morphological features of body parts

The external morphological features of body parts include those organs and parts of the body that are visible to the naked eye. These include:

Skin covering
hairline
Head: from above - fronto-parietal part, temechko, parieto-occipital part; side - whiskey, ears, cheeks, cheekbones; front - face (forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, chin); behind - back of the head
Neck: throat, Adam's apple
Trunk: torso - chest, ribs, mammary glands, abdomen, perineum; back - shoulder blades, spine, lower back, pelvis, buttocks, sacrum, coccyx
Arms: shoulder girdle, shoulder, top part arms, elbow, forearm, hand
Legs: thigh, knee, shin, foot.

Figure 1 shows the names of the main body parts on the front side of the body, and Figure 2 shows the names on the back side of the body.

Internal organs

The internal organs include the brain and spinal cord, pituitary gland, tongue, pharynx, palatine tonsils, adenoids, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid glands esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, mammary glands, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, appendix, kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder, urethra, heart. You can read more about the internal organs in the article "".

Organ systems of the human body

In the human body, all organs are combined into systems that perform certain functions. The main systems of the human body are:

Nervous system: central, somatic, autonomic, sensory nervous system
Respiratory system: Airways(nasal cavity, nasal and oral parts of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi) and respiratory organs(lungs).
Hematopoietic system
Cardiovascular system circulating blood in the heart and blood vessels
digestive system, which is responsible for the processing of food in the mouth, stomach and intestines
Urogenital system, which removes metabolic products from the body, is responsible for reproductive function organism
Endocrine system regulating the processes in the body with the help of hormones.
Musculoskeletal system: skeletal system(skull bones, spine, rib cage, bones shoulder girdle, pelvis, bones of the upper and lower extremities) and muscular system(muscles of the head, neck, trunk, upper and lower extremities).
lymphatic system
The immune system: central organs immune system(Red Bone marrow and thymus) peripheral organs immune system (spleen and lymph nodes).
integumentary system: skin.
Sensory system

You can read more about organ systems in the article “

Main parts of the body

Torso: chest and abdomen

· upper limbs: shoulder, elbow, forearm and hand: wrist, metacarpus and fingers.

· lower limbs: thigh, knee, lower leg, foot: tarsus, metatarsus, fingers.

The human body is located in 3 planes , mutually perpendicular to each other:

1) Sagittal plane (anterior-posterior) - divides the human body into left and right parts.

2) Frontal plane (transverse) - divides the body into front and back parts.

3) Horizontal plane - divides the human body into upper and lower parts.

The rotation of the joints is possible due to movements in 3 axes:

1) Sagittal axis (anterior-posterior). Possible abduction and adduction of limbs

2) Vertical axis. Inward and outward rotation possible

3) Frontal axis (transverse). The axis coincides with the frontal plane. Flexion and extension possible

Location of organs and body parts:

Medially - an organ lying closer to the middle of the body.

Laterally - an organ remote from the middle of the body.

The cell is the universal unit of "living".

The cell is surrounded by a membrane membranes, which protects it, has the property of semi-permeability and plasticity.

The internal environment of the cell has a gel-like structure, in which are located organelles cells.

Cells form the cloth when they have a common origin, general structure and perform the same function.

There are 4 types of fabric:

1. epithelial

2. connecting

3. nervous

4. muscular

epithelial tissue - (epithelium, from Greek epi - on, over and thele - nipple) - border tissue lining the surface of the skin, the cornea of the eye, serous membranes, inner surface hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory and genitourinary systems (stomach, trachea, uterus, etc.). Most glands are of epithelial origin.

Connective tissue- this is a tissue that is not directly responsible for the work of any organ or organ system, but plays a supporting role in all organs, accounting for 60-90% of their mass. Most of the hard connective tissue is fibrous (from Latin fibra - fiber): it consists of collagen and elastin fibers. Connective tissue includes bone, cartilage, fat and others. Connective tissue also includes blood and lymph. Therefore, connective tissue single fabric, which is present in the body in 4 types - fibrous (ligaments), solid (bones), gel-like (cartilage) and liquid (blood, lymph, as well as intercellular, cerebrospinal and synovial and other fluids). Fascia, muscle sheaths, ligaments, tendons, bones, cartilage, joint, joint bag, sarcolemma and remysium muscle fibers, synovial fluid, blood, lymph, vessels, capillaries, fat, intercellular fluid, extracellular matrix, sclera, iris, microglia and much more - it's all connective tissue.

nervous tissue is a system of interconnected nerve cells and neuroglia, which provide specific functions of perceiving stimuli, excitation, generating an impulse and transmitting it. It is the basis of the structure of organs nervous system, providing the regulation of all tissues and organs, their integration in the body and communication with the environment.

Muscle- tissues that are different in structure and origin, but similar in ability to pronounced contractions. They provide movement in space of the whole organism as a whole or its parts (example - skeletal muscle) and the movement of organs within the body (for example, the heart, tongue, intestines).

Types of muscle tissue:

1) Cross-striped (striated) muscle

2) Striated cardiac muscle tissue

3) Smooth muscle tissue. Forms the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, slowly shrinks and cannot be controlled.

motor act:

1) Organs that perform a motor act (skeleton, muscles)

2) Organs regulating the motor act (nervous and endocrine system)

3) Organs that help to perform a motor act (all other organs)

Skeleton

The human skeleton consists of an average of 206 bones.

Renewal of tissues occurs every 20-25 years

Skeleton Functions:

1) Support. Muscle support

2) Motor. Movement in space with the help of tubular bones

3) Protective. flat bones

4) Exchange. Chemical composition, calcium

5) Hematopoietic. Spongy bones and bone marrow

Bone classification:

Tubular:

long

short (phalanges of fingers)

flat

Spongy (loose, porous)

* Vertebrae are mixed bones

Structure tubular bone:

Osteon- a complex of bone cylinders nested one inside the other, containing mature cells bone tissue- osteocytes. The osteon is a unit of compact matter. In the center of the osteon is a canal with blood vessels.

Osteocytes- Mature bone cells.

Osteoblasts are young bone-forming bone cells (diameter 15-20 microns) that synthesize intercellular substance - matrix . As the intercellular substance accumulates, osteoblasts become immured in it and become osteocytes.

metaphysic- a section of a long tubular bone located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. Due to the metaphysis, the bone grows in length in childhood and adolescence.

The bone is covered on the outside periosteum , to the outer layer of which the tendon of the muscles is attached. The inner layer of the periosteum contains young bone cells - osteoblasts , the division of which contributes to the growth of the bone in width. The periosteum is involved in the formation callus at fracture. Under the periosteum is a compact substance, the unit of which is the osteon. In the center of the osteon is a canal with blood vessels. Behind the compact substance is a spongy substance, between the crossbars of which is located the red bone marrow.