The primary type of the disease most often occurs with close contact with the pathogen. Secondary colitis develops from pancreatitis, gastritis, cholecystitis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of the disease may include taking medications, reviewing the patient's diet and lifestyle.

Causes of inflammation

Colitis can develop at any age, but it mostly affects people over 20, especially the elderly. The causes of the disease most often lie in the presence external factors or the development of pathologies internal organs. May be:

• Infectious injury. Usually the disease develops from salmonella, shigella, E. coli, rotavirus, giardia, amoebas.
• helminthic environment.
• Hereditary susceptibility to disease.
• Autoimmune reactions are when the body fights its own intestinal cells.
• Overeating, fasting, a large amount of food in the evening.
• Intoxication of the body after poisoning.
• Unbalanced nutrition and dietary errors.
• Alcohol abuse, smoking.
• Weakened immunity.
• Failure of metabolic processes.
• Violation of the intestinal microflora with the development of pathogenic flora and a decrease in beneficial bacteria.
• The presence of psychological overstrain, stress.
• Chronic course of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Diseases of the hematopoietic system, pathologies of the vascular bed, ailments of the small pelvis.
• Taking antibiotics long time or in large doses.

Enough a rare cause pathology of the large intestine is torsion of the fatty suspension, which is accompanied by inflammation followed by necrosis. Symptoms remind intestinal obstruction. The disease is rarely diagnosed initial stage, usually surgery is unavoidable.

Classification and types of inflammation of the large intestine

Downstream inflammation of the intestine can be:

• Sharp.
• Chronic.

According to their origin, they are:

• primary colitis.
• Secondary failure.

By location, colitis can be:

• Total. This is pancolitis.
• Segmental. It includes, typhlitis, transverse, rectosigmoiditis, sigmoiditis.

According to the nature of inflammation, there are:

• Ulcerative colitis. Ulcers are produced on the walls of the mucous layer of the intestine, while the nature of the pain is spasmodic. Often there is bleeding.
• Spasmodic look. Fecal masses are represented by lumps of dense consistency.
• Inflammation of the duodenum. Pain occurs some time after eating.

Typically, the course of colitis is characterized by phases of exacerbation and a state of rest that replaces them. In the second case, signs indicating pathology may be irritability and constipation.

Signs of colon inflammation

The symptomatology of the disease depends on the location of the focus, the volume of the affected area and the type of pathology.

Allocate:

• Nonspecific ulcerative colitis.
• spasmodic form.
• Enterocolitis.
• Pseudomembranous type.

Ulcerative colitis

This nonspecific form is characteristic of individuals with a hereditary predisposition to pathology. In addition, the disease can occur under the influence of an irritant. It is mainly manifested in patients from 20 to 40 years old.

It is characterized by the presence of:

• Constipation.
• Discomfort in the joints.
• Bleeding in the rectum.
• Discharge of pus from the anus.
• Weakness and exhaustion.

Spastic form of the disease

This pathology is observed along with intestinal spasm caused by stress and mental overstrain. The condition is usually accompanied by:

• Bloating.
• Difficulty defecation.
• Pain.
• flatulence.
• Diarrhea or constipation.

Pseudomembranous form

If the disease is caused by the entry of pathogens into the intestines, then such inflammation is called. Often, the pathology begins its development after taking antibiotics.

Symptoms of this include:

• Nausea.
• Watery frequent stools with mucus.
• Weakness, fatigue.
• Temperature rise.
• Tachycardia.
• Low blood pressure.
• Dizziness.
• Failure in exchange processes.

Enterocolitis

This pathology includes inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which simultaneously affects the lower intestine. Symptoms of the disease practically do not differ from other forms of colitis and are expressed in:

• Diarrhea.
• Bloating.
• Vomiting.
• Rise in temperature.
• Spasms of the tissues of the peritoneum.
• The appearance of plaque on the tongue, often white.

The disease begins when the infection enters the colon. In addition, allergens, poisoning, chemical exposure can cause pathology.

Acute course

Inflammation of the intestinal wall can begin suddenly, which is characteristic of enterocolitis and the spastic type of the disease. The first symptoms are:

• Bloating.
• Flatulence.
• Headaches, muscle pains.
• Discomfort in the abdomen with unpleasant sensations.
• Decreased appetite.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Stool disorders, alternating diarrhea and constipation. At the same time, going to the toilet causes pain.
• An admixture of blood or mucus in the stool.
• Increased fatigue and weakness.

Process timing

If acute inflammation is not removed in time, the situation becomes more complicated. After a few days, the pain subsides, but the process becomes chronic. The symptomatology in this case consists of:

• Spasmodic pain.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Unstable stool.
• Bloating, flatulence.

The patient is often diagnosed with a decrease in appetite and weight loss, weakness and fatigue.

Differences in the manifestation of colitis in children and adults

The most susceptible to inflammatory processes in the intestines of women. This is due to how anatomical features as well as lifestyle.

Symptoms of the disease in women

Violations hormonal background are clearly reflected in general well-being women. Inflammation can be a consequence of the restructuring of the body during menstruation, menopause. In addition, exacerbations in women often occur under the influence of stress (both external and internal), while following a diet to lose weight.

Symptoms of colitis usually include:

• Deterioration of health, weakness, loss of appetite, lethargy, fatigue.
• Pain in the abdomen, mainly in the lower part on the left.
• Heaviness, bloating, flatulence.
• Violation of the stool, more often diarrhea.
• Tenesmus.
• Temperature increase.

Signs of pathology in men

The disease often affects middle-aged men. This is mainly due to malnutrition and the patient's lifestyle. Characteristic features of colitis in men are:

• Nausea, vomiting.
• Headache.
• Flatulence, bloating.
• Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels after a bowel movement.
• Pain in lower sections abdominal cavity.
• Diarrhea, constipation.
• Presence of blood and mucus in stools.

The manifestation of the disease in a child

The period of the course of pathology in children is more difficult than in adults. It is distinguished by a bright picture and a stormy manifestation. Often, patients are diagnosed with severe dehydration and intoxication. In addition, the disease is characterized the following symptoms:

• Exhaustion.
• Temperature rise, fever.
• Weakness.
• Severe pain in the umbilical region.
• Tenesmus.
• Decreased volume of urine.
• Bloating, rumbling.
• Diarrhea.
• Watery and frothy stools. It may have a green tint with alternating streaks of blood and mucus clots.
• Dryness skin and mucous layer.

In a child under one year old, it is quite difficult to recognize the pathology, since the disease can resemble signs of an eating disorder.

Babies constantly cry and twitch their legs, while bowel movements occur more often than usual. Feces are watery, usually green in color, with bad smell and slime. The baby may have a fever and increase the volume of regurgitation after eating.

Diagnosis of the large intestine to detect pathology

At the first meeting, the doctor conducts a palpation examination and history taking. If you have symptoms of the disease, you should see a proctologist or gastroenterologist. To make an accurate diagnosis, the specialist directs to:

• The delivery of a blood test for general data on it, biochemistry and the presence of sugar.
• Urine sampling to confirm the inflammatory process.
• Coprogram. She is able to point to hidden blood.
• Ultrasound and CT help to see the thickening of the walls, the expansion of the organ.
• PCR diagnostics. With its help, an assessment of autoantibodies, pANCA, calprotectin is carried out, it is possible to detect the presence of worms.
• Irrigoscopy with contrast. It helps to identify narrowing, tumors.
• Fibroileocolonoscopy. It belongs to endoscopic methods, it is needed to calculate the surface damaged by colitis.

Treatment of pathology

When the first symptoms of the disease appear - diarrhea, vomiting, pain - it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible. After diagnosing the patient, the specialist will prescribe medications and a suitable diet.

On the first day, it is advisable to completely refuse food and take only warm water. Further, the food should be liquid and mashed so as not to burden or damage the intestines. It is useful to eat mucous porridges and sour-milk products.

With an infectious lesion, treatment is not complete without antibacterial agents. After taking antibiotics, it is necessary to drink symbiotics to restore the flora.

Sometimes enemas are shown to cleanse the intestines. The liquid can be prepared with an antiseptic in the form of a decoction of chamomile or a healing herb of calendula. This procedure will help relieve inflammation.. For tissue regeneration, after an enema, sea buckthorn oil can be injected into the anus.

Traditional medicine

Treatment of colitis should be comprehensive. Doctors usually prescribe:

Folk remedies also help relieve pain and reduce inflammation, but their intake should be carried out on the recommendation of a doctor. Most effective:

• Rosehip tea with the addition of dried fruits. To prepare the product, the fruits are poured with boiling water and insisted for at least 2 hours. You can add dried fruits both during the preparation process and while taking tea.
• Beet juice. It is combined with the same olive oil and taken on an empty stomach 25 minutes before meals.
• A decoction of the coil. It helps to fix the stool in case of diarrhea. 200 g of crushed root is poured into a glass of water and allowed to brew for about an hour. Then boil for 5 minutes. The cooled and filtered drink is consumed twice a day, 50 ml each.

Applying the methods of traditional medicine, it is necessary to get the advice of a specialist, he will advise how to treat it in a particular case.

The benefits of proper nutrition in inflammation of the large intestine

Diet for colitis should exclude the use of:

• Meat dishes.
• legumes.
• Raw products.
• Bread products.
• Sweets.
• Soda and alcohol.
• Spicy dishes and food with the addition of various seasonings.
• Raw vegetables.
• Pickles and smoked meats.

Useful dairy products, cereals, heat-treated vegetables. With colitis, it is necessary to monitor fluid intake, as the disease can lead to dehydration.

Proper nutrition is an integral part of the treatment of intestinal inflammation. The food you eat should be finely ground and rubbed. This will minimize the load on the organ, which will prevent another irritation.

You should not starve and overeat, meals should be taken at regular intervals and at least 6 times a day.

It is equally important that the diet is balanced and includes all groups of nutrients and trace elements.

Surgical intervention

The operation is indicated only if there is a threat to the life of the patient, namely:

• With perforation or peritonitis.
• If necrotic processes develop.
• When intestinal obstruction begins, obstruction of the lumen occurs.
• If inflammatory process extends to adjacent organs.
• Sluggish colitis and nonspecific ulcerative type of disease.

Complications and consequences of the disease

When treatment begins out of time, the disease can develop into a more serious pathology:

• anemia.
• Dehydration.
• Thrombosis.
• Hypovitaminosis.
• Internal bleeding.
• The transition of the disease to adjacent and other organs of the body.
• development of a secondary infection.
• perforation.
• Peritonitis.

The most terrible complication is the development of colon cancer and megacolon.

Preventive methods of dealing with the disease

The treatment of colitis is quite lengthy, but most often ends in success, subject to the recommendations of the doctor, including those concerning proper nutrition. To prevent the development of the disease, it is recommended:

• Review your diet.
• Treat pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of initial symptoms.
• Refuse bad habits.
• Strengthen immunity.
• Normalize the correct chair.
• Drink purified and boiled water.

Inflammation of the colon occurs under the influence of an infectious environment, helminthiasis, nervous strain, unbalanced nutrition. To normalize the functioning of the body, it is necessary to review the diet, take the recommended medications, organize meals at regular intervals, and play sports.

If timely action is not taken, then life-threatening complications may develop.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the second most common gastrointestinal disease. They affect people of all ages and genders. In IBD, inflammatory processes occur on the mucous membrane different departments intestines. How inflammation of the intestine develops symptoms and treatment of this disease effective means? On the main causes of this disease and methods for its diagnosis, read on.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

The intestine consists of 3 sections: the duodenum, the large intestine and the small intestine. This organ is involved in digestion and the immune system. When exposed to different negative factors begins the death of mucosal cells in a weakened area of ​​​​the intestine, which leads to increased blood circulation in this area, the onset of pain. Due to inflammation, the cells of this organ cannot secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients. Because of this, there is a violation of the functions of the intestine. IBD occurs for the following reasons:

• Infection (bacteria, viruses, protozoa). Often the cause of IBD are: E. coli, shigella, salmonella, rotavirus, amoebic dysentery.
• Helminthiasis (infection with worms).
• Overeating and malnutrition, saturated with fatty, fried, smoked, spicy foods.
• Heredity. The lack of enzymes in the intestine is sometimes transmitted at the genetic level, as is the predisposition to the onset of IBD.
• Dysbacteriosis, disruption of normal intestinal microflora. This leads to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of diseases of the mucous membrane of this organ.
• Poor circulation in the walls of the intestine, atherosclerotic changes.
• Autoimmune processes in which the immune system produces antibodies against intestinal cells, which causes inflammation in this organ.

Symptoms

Basic knowledge on the topic of intestinal inflammation, symptoms and treatment of this disease will help you notice its development in time and seek help. This disease is divided into types according to the place of occurrence of the focus: duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), enteritis (disease of the small intestine), colitis (disease of the large intestine), mesadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), proctitis (inflammatory process on the mucosa).

According to the duration of the course, IBD can be acute or chronic. If bacteria, viruses or protozoa become the cause of this disease, then it has an infectious nature and is called an acute intestinal infection. When inflammation occurs against the background of other causes, the disease is classified as non-infectious. The main signs of IBD in women and men are similar. Symptoms:

• Pressing pain in the abdomen, the localization of which is difficult to determine. The cause of the pain is a spasm of the intestinal muscles.
• Nausea after eating.
• Vomiting after eating.
• Flatulence, indicating a lack of enzymes in the body.
• Stool problems in the form of diarrhea occur with an acute intestinal infection, and with problems in the large intestine, there may be constipation.
• Weight loss is often associated with inflammation of the small intestine and is the result of a deterioration in their absorption nutrients.
• Anemia. It develops when the level of hemoglobin in the blood is low, which occurs when iron is poorly absorbed.
• Elevated temperature.

Which doctor to contact

In case of problems with the intestines, a consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary. If the patient constantly feels discomfort and pain in the abdomen, then he should not look for a solution to this problem on his own, but it would be better to visit a doctor. At the appointment, the doctor will examine the patient and tell him the main points about the symptoms and treatment of this disease. Then he will refer the patient for an additional examination, which will help to establish the most accurate diagnosis. After that, the doctor will prescribe medication, herbal preparations and give dietary advice.

Diagnosis of the disease in adults and children

In order to correctly diagnose the disease, the gastroenterologist often sends patients for additional examination. With the help of blood, stool and endoscopic methods easy to identify and identify the focus of inflammation. Additional examination will help the specialist to establish a diagnosis and choose the right treatment regimen. In children, IBD presents as NUC (non-specific ulcerative colitis) and Crohn's disease. NUC in infants is accompanied by diarrhea and traces of blood in stool Oh.

An older child diagnosed with ulcerative colitis often complains of cramps, abdominal pain, and liquid stool. Diagnosis of NUC is carried out with the help of rectal examination and palpation. Inflammation of the intestines in a child in the form of Crohn's disease, in which ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of a diseased organ, manifests itself frequent stool, pain. Diagnosis in this case is carried out using colonoscopy, endoscopy, irrigoscopy, palpation. Let us consider in more detail the laboratory and other methods used to detect IBD.

Clinical blood test

Blood test is a must laboratory examination, which is prescribed by a doctor to a patient with suspicion of an inflammatory process in the intestine. According to the values ​​of ESR and the content of leukocytes in the bloodstream revealed in this study, the gastroenterologist will determine the degree of the disease. Their increased rates indicate to the doctor the inflammatory process occurring in the body.

Coprogram

To establish the correct diagnosis in IBD, the patient is sent for fecal analysis. This examination will show whether the process of digestion in the body is taking place correctly. The coprogram will help to identify the lack of enzymes by poorly digested food residues. Fecal analysis can still detect the presence of helminths, which can be the cause of intestinal problems.

Bacteriological examination of feces

If you suspect intestinal infection do sowing on the microflora. Bacteriological research fecal masses will help to identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, identify these microorganisms, and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics. If you have an infection, your doctor will be able to prescribe based on a stool test. effective drugs to treat inflammation.

Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS)

Examination of the stomach with an endoscope is prescribed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis of IBD. In this case, the probe is introduced into the patient's body through the mouth. The endoscope is a fiber optic tube equipped with a camera and light. With the help of fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, an examination of the mucous membrane of the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out. If necessary, during such an examination, a part of the mucosa is taken for histological examination.

Colonoscopy

For IBD, a colonoscopy may be ordered. This research method is carried out using a device that consists of a flexible tube with a diameter of 1 cm, a length of 1.5 m and optical instrument. Colonoscopy is performed by inserting an endoscope through the rectum. In this case, the anus is pre-treated with dicaine ointment. This method of examination is used to assess the condition of the colon mucosa. Before colonoscopy, a thorough cleansing of the examined organ from feces with an enema is carried out.

Video capsule endoscopy

latest method bowel examinations - video capsule endoscopy. When conducting this type of study, the patient swallows a special, disposable, sterile capsule, which, when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, takes many pictures. The doctor on the computer in real time sees the location of the video capsule. Such a study intestinal tract gives accurate information about the state of its mucosa. The video capsule is removed from the body during a bowel movement in a day.

Treatment Methods

After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe effective therapy to eliminate IBD. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, various medical preparations, enzymes, herbal teas. For the treatment to be effective, a patient with IBD must follow a special diet. Parallel to medicines with VKZ, folk remedies can be used, but only after consulting a doctor.

Etiotropic therapy

With IBD, therapy is prescribed, which is aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease. If it consists in the defeat of the body by pathogenic bacteria, then the patient is prescribed antibiotics. With helminthic invasion, antihelminthic tablets (albendazole, piperazine) are prescribed. If the cause of IBD is autoimmune, then immunosuppressants are prescribed for treatment.

Symptomatic therapy

Symptomatic therapy is used to reduce the pain, spasms, and/or bloating common in patients with IBD. To do this, use antispasmodics, defoamers and other drugs in the form of tablets, suppositories, tinctures, which can temporarily alleviate the patient's condition during the process of treating inflammation. Yes, to eliminate increased gas formation Espumisan is used, and no-shpu is used to relieve spasms. And after taking antibiotics, rehabilitation is carried out aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora special preparations.

Pathogenetic therapy

For successful treatment this disease, it is necessary to remove inflammation in the intestines. For this purpose, anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents that bind toxins are used. Pathogenetic therapy IBD also includes drugs that contain enzymes. These drugs include Mezim, Pancreatin, the intake of which helps to reduce the load on the diseased organ. digestive system.

Diet

Properly organized nutrition in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance. For a quick cure of the disease, it is necessary to eat dishes that reduce the load on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ. Nutrition for IBD is fractional - 5-6 times a day. The patient's menu should be saturated with proteins, and fats and carbohydrates in it should be reduced.

With IBD, it is advised to include vegetables, fruits, lean meat, black bread, and low-fat dairy products in the diet. Do not eat fried, smoked, spicy foods. Food for an IBD patient is best boiled, steamed. It is especially useful for this disease to eat foods rich in potassium and calcium. With IBD, it is necessary to reduce daily use salt up to 6-8 g. A person with intestinal inflammation should drink 2 liters of water daily. The following is a list of recommended dishes and products for TCD:

• low-fat soups;
• vegetable decoctions;
• compotes;
• juices containing tannins;
• dishes from veal, lean beef;
• chicken cutlets, meatballs, soufflé;
• fish dishes;
• cheese, cottage cheese with low fat content.

Folk remedies

Some plants have medicinal properties that are great for fighting inflammation of the intestines of a different nature. ethnoscience has many recipes for potions for the treatment of this disease. Many patients have experienced healing effect from taking such natural remedies. The following drugs from herbal ingredients help treat IBD:

• Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a mixture made from 1 tsp. herbs chamomile, sage, centaury. Insist. Take every 2 hours all day, which is 8 times a day. Use the remedy for 3 months.
• Make onion juice by crushing the plant and straining the resulting slurry through cheesecloth. Drink the resulting remedy for 1 tsp. before meals 3-4 times a day. This drug is good for constipation, colitis.
• Prepare a herbal mixture of 60 g of buckthorn root, 10 g of fennel and anise, 20 g of licorice root. 1 st. l mixed dry plants pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist 1/2 hour. Use in the morning, in the evening, 200 ml.

Where to treat inflammation of the intestine

To recognize IBD on initial stage and quickly get rid of this ailment, it is necessary with constant discomfort in the abdomen to contact a gastroenterologist for advice. Where is this disease treated in Moscow and St. Petersburg? In the capital and other cities, qualified medical care is provided by gastroenterologists in public clinics, medical centers, private clinics.

cost

A consultation with a specialist in medical centers will cost 1300-6000 rubles. Diagnosis of IBD with laboratory research medical tests costs in the range of 250-1000 rubles. Endoscopic examination will cost 3000-4000 rubles. In some medical centers, it is possible to call a doctor at home and take tests without leaving your apartment. The price of such services is in the range of 3000-6000 rubles.

Video

IBD brings a lot of problems and severe discomfort to a person. Why does this disease occur, what are its symptoms? An interesting, informative video material will not give answers to this and other questions about this gastrointestinal disease. Expert advice will help you figure out which effective ways used to get rid of IBD.

The large intestine is the final link in the long process of food digestion, providing the body with essential substances and trace elements that protect against poisoning by toxins of internal organs. Treatment of the colon, like any other human organ, requires an individual approach from a specialist gastroenterologist.

Why disorders in the digestive tract begin, what symptoms accompany this, how to treat it correctly various diseases large intestine? The answers to these questions are provided in this article.

The complete tract of the large intestine is divided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region.

The organ consists of six - rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon and caecum.

The length of the large intestine is 0.8-1.4 m, depending on gender differences and the age of the patient. The average diameter ranges from 4.5-8.2 cm.

The main difference from the small intestine is determined by:

• The presence of longitudinal muscles in the intestinal walls.
• The protrusion of the walls.
• Fatty shoots.
• Grey.
• Enlarged diameter.

The role of the large intestine in human health

A good microflora in the intestines is necessary for the extermination of harmful bacteria, the cessation of decay, and for the body to receive the necessary amino acids, vitamins and trace elements from the incoming food. At the final stage of digestion, residual digestion of food, absorption of residual water and salt solutions, removal of human waste. The main result of the work of complex biochemical processes is the creation and maintenance of strong immunity.

Mucosal integrity, good peristalsis ( muscle contractions) and the colon is the main case in the prevention and treatment of the disease. Regular body care is important not only from the outside. Internal spring-cleaning will avoid the occurrence cancerous tumors, heart problems, kidney disease, liver disease, allergies, asthma, arthritis. Problems with indigestion are the cause of the development of 72 diseases in patients.

The onset of the disease is accompanied by specific symptoms.

General symptoms of the disease

Constipation, diarrhea

If a person has a stool (defecation) once a day, there is no cause for concern. If this happens 1 time in 3 days or more, or vice versa 2-3 times a day, we can talk about a violation of the evacuation ability of the intestine, possibly development. In this case, the absorption processes useful substances and digestions don't work 100%. Additional reason can become diseases of other digestive organs, whose work should be performed by the large intestine.

Pain, bleeding during bowel movements

Availability constant pain speaks of the development of inflammation. Ignoring this signal and not treating it leads to colon cancer. In the case of poor-quality food intake, the food is quickly excreted, without digestion. Also, the constant feeling of expansion in the abdomen, increased gas secretion, and rumbling should be alarming.

The appearance of blood during bowel movements indicates internal bleeding, possibly due to, and their color - to arterial or venous affiliation.

This is a serious reason for endoscopic examination of the digestive system.

Anemia

Anemia appears in case of persistent or acute bleeding from the internal organs. In bowel cancer, anemia occurs with chronic blood loss and a violation of the formation of blood cells - platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes.

Types of diseases, causes, methods of treatment

Crohn's disease

Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, is called Crohn's disease. The causes of the disease are not fully understood, the main factors are infection, a violation of the behavior of autoimmune (protective) cells.

With the disease, all layers of the intestine and the nearby blood vessels are affected.

Main symptoms:

• Frequent diarrhea, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, flatulence.
• sharp sharp pain accompanied by intestinal obstruction.
• A feverish state high temperature with the formation of fistulas in the anal region.

In the absence of treatment, metabolism is disturbed, heart pathology, anemia, and osteoporosis develop. Against the background of a deficiency of microelements, vitamins, electrolytes, the body is depleted. result advanced disease there is a violation of the strength of the joints, rashes on the skin, ulcers, visual defects.

used in the treatment of Crohn's disease hormonal preparations exacerbations are smoothed out with the help of antibiotics. To exclude repetitions of the diagnosis, drugs of the sulfa group are used. During treatment, alcohol, spices, food with fiber are completely excluded, the amount of fats, milk products is reduced. It is recommended to use ground food, high-calorie protein nutrition, porridge on the water.

Ulcerative colitis

Chronic disease of the large intestine with dysfunction of the mucous membrane is called ulcerative colitis. As a result of the disease, bleeding from the mucosa begins. With a long process, growth of neoplasms and polyps is possible.

Main symptoms:

• Frequent changes of constipation and diarrhea.
• Weight loss, feeling worse.
• Bleeding from anus.

In the treatment of ulcerative colitis, drug therapy is combined with. In case of exacerbation, the patient takes hormonal agents. For full recovery a long course of sulfanyl drugs is required. In nutrition, irritating foods, coarse fiber are limited. Dairy products are completely excluded.

Ischemic colitis

In the course of damage to the large intestine mucosa caused by damage to blood vessels intestinal walls, ischemic colitis occurs. The result of the inflammatory process is the destruction of the mucous membrane. Atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis provoke these changes.

Symptoms of the disease:

• Traces of blood in stools.
• Delayed pain in the left side of the abdomen after eating.
• The occurrence of bleeding.
• Anemia, loss of appetite and weight.

When the disease is advanced, necrosis of the intestine occurs. In this case, an operation is necessary. In the early stages, antibiotics and analgesics are prescribed; during treatment, drugs are used to improve capillary conductivity and blood circulation. To consolidate the results of treatment, vitamins, probiotics, and glandular preparations are taken.

Stretching of the intestinal wall

Stretching of the intestinal wall with its protrusion into the peritoneum is called a diverticulum, which is formed when the muscle tone of the intestinal walls is disturbed. The result of violations is manifested in the form of constipation, sensations of heaviness, with the transition to diverticulitis - an inflammatory process.

Disease clinic:

• Heat.
• Pain in the abdomen, diarrhea with traces of blood.

Without treatment, the disease progresses towards a complete violation of the tone of the intestinal walls. At the initial stage of the disease, antibiotics are used, at the final stage, beneficial microflora is introduced into the intestine. In chronic course and for prevention, enzymes and sulfanyl preparations are used. With the hurricane development of the disease, surgical intervention is necessary.

irritable bowel syndrome

Spasmodic bowel, dyskinesia, and mucosal colitis belong to one class of disease, irritable bowel syndrome. Diseases can be accompanied by the underlying disease, or be an independent disease, like a dysfunction of motor activity. The change in intestinal motility is affected by a small amount of fiber in food, food allergies, stress, and intestinal infections.

Symptoms:

• Constipation, diarrhea, rumbling in the abdomen.
• No effect after diet change.
• False heart, joint, back pain.

Treatment is directed towards exclusion harmful factors. At psychosomatic reasons sedatives are prescribed, with allergies - medicines to eliminate it. The complex uses enzymes, antispasmodics, drugs to improve the intestinal microflora, drugs to restore the muscle tone of the walls. the main role assigned to the diet. Fried, spicy, salty, rough food is prohibited. Alcohol, very hot and cold dishes are excluded.

colon cancer

Malignant neoplasms, tumors of the large intestine, related to oncological diseases are called colon cancer. This is the most common disease in oncology. The main reason for the occurrence is the lack of vitamins and fiber in food, the use of artificial additives, refined foods. Also, the cause of colon cancer can be in the intestines.

Difficult to diagnose early stage, the disease progresses rapidly with an increase in pain attacks, blood secretions, weight loss, overgrowth of intestinal lumen polyps. Therefore, it is important early diagnosis and making an accurate diagnosis.

General symptoms:

• Isolation of blood in the stool.
• Frequent constipation due to intestinal obstruction.
• Attacks of pain.

Recovery is possible only with the use of radical methods - surgical intervention. Surgery is combined with radiation, chemotherapy. To avoid recurrence of the diagnosis, a regular examination of the intestines, a return to the correct lifestyle, physical activity, and a constant healthy diet are indicated.

For prevention and in the initial stage of treatment of the disease, hospital therapy can be combined with the use of folk remedies.

Alternative treatment of diseases of the colon

Due to the great importance of nutrition in the treatment of the disease, the use of folk recipes helps to improve the condition of patients at the initial stage of the disease. The main tasks of eliminating diarrhea, constipation, relieving inflammation, improving motor skills are solved by using folk medicinal recipes.

In the treatment of colitis associated with inflammation of the mucous membrane, oatmeal infusion obtained by boiling in water helps well. oatmeal, as well as the use of raspberry infusion before meals.

To remove worms, infections, enemas from the infusion of garlic are used, with the use after the procedure. onion. Prevention of pinworms helps ingestion of brewed wormwood.

An effective remedy for getting rid of dysbacteriosis is the use of propolis tincture, Potentilla herb. The cessation of diarrhea contributes to the fat of oak bark.

Constipation disorders are treated with a mixture of prunes, figs and dried apricots. Lemon balm and ginger root, brewed in boiling water, help get rid of flatulence. With spasms of the intestines, a mixture of valerian root and fennel fruits works well.

Important! Before using folk remedies, you should discuss with your doctor the dosage and frequency of their use.

Correction of the diet is one of the main steps in the treatment of diseases of the colon. For a long time it is necessary to reduce the amount of meat, exclude white bread from the diet. An excellent effect is given by the daily use of fresh fruits and vegetables, greens, seafood, fish, dairy products.

Prevention

Like all diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the colon can and should be prevented. Establishing a doctor-recommended diet with good quality products and the consumption of their moderate amount is one of the main conditions for the prevention of the disease.

It has long been proven the beneficial effect of constant physical activity to improve blood circulation, enhance intestinal motility.

The third main rule is to change your lifestyle, give up bad habits. Remember, it is better for healthy people to sunbathe on the beach, in extreme cases - under the lamps in the solarium, than for the sick under the operating lamps in the surgical ward.

Anton Palaznikov

Gastroenterologist, therapist

Work experience more than 7 years.

Professional skills: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system.

The large intestine is final part digestive tract person.

Its main task is the absorption of processed food and liquid.

Because of this, the colon is very often exposed to various diseases. Let us consider in more detail the symptoms of inflammation of the colon or colitis, as well as methods of elimination this disease.

Causes of inflammation of the colon

The main reason for the development of colitis is considered to be a violation of its functions that occur in the intestinal mucosa. This is usually observed with a recent severe bacterial infection or after poisoning. In addition, the following factors can cause colitis:

1. Availability chronic infections in the gastrointestinal tract, which are exacerbated from time to time, causing complications in the form of colitis.

2. Worm damage of the intestine.

3. Hereditary human predisposition to inflammation of the colon.

4. Progressive colon cancer and other oncological pathologies of the digestive tract.

5. Smoking.

6. Frequent use alcoholic drinks.

7. Nervous or physical exhaustion.

8. Weakened immunity.

9. Long term treatment antibiotics and other "heavy" drugs for the body.

10. Stagnation in the pelvis.

11. Strong violation circulation in the intestines.

12. Improper nutrition person (frequent overeating, consumption junk food, dry food, etc.).

In the presence of the above predisposing factors to this disease, defensive forces The human body is depleted, making it more vulnerable to inflammatory processes in the intestines. At the same time, colitis is quite common for a long time is asymptomatic, only occasionally causing outbreaks of pain or diarrhea.

At the same time, it is important to know that it is necessary to detect colitis as early as possible, before it has yet become chronic, otherwise the person's condition will worsen much, and the treatment will be longer.

Symptoms and types of inflammation of the colon

Acute inflammation colon has the following symptoms:

1. Pain in the abdomen, which may occur after the act of defecation, physical activity or just in a calm state of man. The nature of the pain is strong, cramping, cutting and pressing. The localization of the symptom is the lower abdomen, back, lumbar region and anus.

Often pain syndrome with colitis is permanent. It is especially clearly seen in the presence of additional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the patient ( anal fissure, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis, etc.).

In some cases, the pain is so severe that the person can hardly bear it. In this case, he urgently needs to prescribe potent analgesics.

2. The appearance of mucous discharge from the anus can be observed both after defecation and just when walking.

3. Bloody discharge from the anus may be after defecation. This will indicate an advanced stage of colitis.

4. Anemia develops with chronic bleeding. This is usually seen in the development of bowel cancer.

5. Constipation is also a frequent companion of colitis. In this state, a person may not defecate for up to several weeks. This symptom is considered one of the most important in diseases of the colon. Constipation is explained by a violation of the patency of the large intestine and a malfunction in its work.

6. Bloating can be observed both with constipation and with normal stool. Often it develops against the background of flatulence. This symptom is associated with taking antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal microflora. Also, swelling can be observed with dysbacteriosis, which provoked inflammation of the intestine.

7. Intestinal disorder (diarrhea).

8. An increase in body temperature is observed with infectious colitis.

9. Weakness and headaches.

10. Loss of appetite.

11. The appearance of tenesmus (frequent false urge to defecate). They develop as a result of reflex spasm of the distal large intestine.

Chronic form colitis has a less acute course. All symptoms are not so pronounced. In this condition, the patient will observe the following manifestations:

1. Changes in clinical blood counts (increase in erythrocytes, increase in leukocytes as the first sign of inflammation).

2. Chronic pain in the abdomen and after the act of defecation.

3. Frequent variable combination of constipation and diarrhea (irritable bowel syndrome in colitis).

4. Observation of pain in the abdomen without a clear localization.

5. Increased gas formation.

6. The appearance of feces with a strong unpleasant odor.

7. General deterioration the patient's well-being. At chronic colitis a person becomes apathetic, lethargic and exhausted. He may aggravate others chronic diseases Gastrointestinal tract, neuroses and headaches often occur.

In its physiology, colitis is the general name for several diseases of the colon, each of which can be accompanied by its own symptoms.

There are such types of colitis:

1. Ulcerative colitis (nonspecific form). It usually occurs in people with a hereditary predisposition to this pathology or due to the effect of an irritant on the intestine. As statistics show, ulcerative colitis is most often detected in people between the ages of twenty and forty.

Ulcerative colitis has the following symptoms:

severe constipation;

Discomfort in the joints;

Profuse bleeding from the rectum;

Purulent discharge from the rectum;

Depletion of the body.

The main danger of this form of colitis is considered to be an increased risk for the formation of oncological pathologies and intestinal perforation.

2. Spastic form of colitis occurs due to spasms of the intestine. In this condition, a person may experience pain, bloating, and difficulty defecation. In most cases, such colitis is provoked by stress and strong nerve strain. He heals pretty quickly.

3. The pseudomembranous form of colitis develops due to the ingestion of pathogens into the intestines. Symptoms of such an inflammation of the colon will be:

Nausea;

Violent diarrhea with watery stools and mucus;

Weakness and chills;

Frequent urge to go to the toilet;

elevated temperature;

Tachycardia;

The fall blood pressure;

Metabolic disease;

Dizziness.

4. Enterocolitis is accompanied by severe damage to the mucous layer of the colon. It develops after an infection enters it. Enterocolitis has the following signs:

bloating;

Education white plaque in the language;

Increase in body temperature;

Cramps in the abdomen.

Inflammation of the colon: diagnosis and treatment

When the first signs of colitis appear, you should consult a doctor (gastroenterologist or proctologist) as soon as possible. After the first examination and palpation of the abdomen, the doctor will prescribe the following mandatory diagnostic procedures:

1. General analysis blood.

2. General analysis of urine.

3. Advanced biochemical analysis blood.

4. Analysis of the sugar level.

5. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

Treatment of inflammation of the colon is selected depending on the type of colitis, symptoms and the degree of its neglect. Traditional drug therapy involves the appointment of such groups of drugs:

1. Antibiotics are used for viruses and infections. The duration of their intake and dose is selected for each patient individually.

2. Antiviral drugs.

4. Antispasmodics (No-shpa) are used to relieve spasms. In this case, the drug can be taken in tablet form or administered as an injection. Can also be used for spasms rectal suppositories.

5. In case of poisoning, sorbents (Enterosgel) are prescribed.

6. Antihistamines are used to relax the intestinal wall (Bacromat).

7. With profuse diarrhea, intravenous sodium chloride is prescribed to avoid dehydration.

8. Enzymes are needed to restore bowel function (Festal, Mezim, Pancreatin).

9. Sedative drugs and antidepressants are used when colitis is caused by stress.

10. In advanced cases glucocorticosteroids are prescribed.

Besides drug therapy the patient needs to follow a diet (table No. 4). It provides for a complete rejection of fatty, floury, salty, smoked and sour. Food should be well cooked and ground.

Inflammation of the large intestine, treated by a gastroenterologist or proctologist, is a condition that can be caused by a variety of diseases. Pathology proceeds in different ways: it can last a long time, or it can go away in 2-3 days. Treatment of inflammation in the large intestine is also varied. The most radical are surgical operations, but they are also different in complexity, for example, the simplest in medical practice- removal of the inflamed appendix, because it is also part of the large intestine.

Unified digestive system

Considering inflammation in the colon, one cannot ignore the rest of the internal organs of the digestive system. The fact is that such a condition may be the result of diseases that have spread above or below the colon.

The inflammatory process of the intestine, or rather its mucous membrane, is called colitis. But if it started in the small intestine, then it is enterocolitis. We must not forget that the digestive system includes not only the intestines, but also the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, stomach itself. And problems with any of these organs can cause colitis.

The gallbladder does not produce bile, the liver does. Bile in the bladder only reaches the required concentration. However, if it is removed due to illness, then the bile will continue to enter the stomach and break down fats and participate in digestion, but the concentration is not the same.

Part of the fat will remain unsplit, and habitual diet a person can lead to inflammation in the small intestine, from there it will spread to the large intestine. This is how inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine occurs, namely colitis. Thus, the small gallbladder is a very important part of the complex digestive process.

Not the least factor in the occurrence of inflammation of the large intestine is nutrition. Overeating or junk food (usually fast food), a lot of spicy, alcohol - all this will sooner or later cause intestinal obstruction, and it will begin to become inflamed. Defecation will become painful, and no suppositories will help. You will have to be treated comprehensively, starting with correcting the diet.

Acute colitis

Acute colitis is typical copious excretion mucus from the walls of the large intestine, they turn red and swell. When diagnosing such a disease in the blood, high level leukocytes and ESR, which indicates the course of the inflammatory process in the body.

Symptoms acute colitis pronounced:

1. The abdomen swells and the patient feels severe pain.
2. In the feces, blood and clots of mucus become visible to the naked eye.
3. The patient constantly feels the urge to defecate, but cannot produce it.
4. Possible loose stools.
5. There is nausea, vomiting and a state of general malaise caused by intoxication of the body.

If you do not undergo a course of treatment, then the inflammatory process will become chronic, that is, the disease will not go away by itself, but will reach a different level, which is treated for a very long time.

chronic colitis

Chronic inflammation symptoms reflect mucosal inflammation, but ligaments and muscles are also affected. Ulcers and abscesses appear in the intestines. Thin vessels expand, and the intestine itself, on the contrary, loses its length and narrows. Polyps may appear inside the intestines. With inflammation of a chronic nature, blood and mucus are found in the patient's feces, and in severe cases, pus. The blood shows a high level of white blood cells. The symptoms of chronic inflammation are as follows:

1. The stool is disturbed, constipation is replaced by diarrhea, and vice versa.
2. The pain becomes very strong and is localized in different parts of the abdomen.
3. Frequent urge to stool, ending in blood and mucus.
4. Flatulence.
5. Fecal masses become extremely fetid. This is due to the process of decay in the large intestine.
6. General weakness and malaise lowers the patient's performance.
7. The patient experiences nausea and a bitter taste in the mouth.
8. Appetite is lost.
9. In women, the regularity of the menstrual cycle is disturbed.

Ulcerative colitis

When hemorrhagic inflammation forms in the large intestine, this phenomenon is called ulcerative colitis. Most often it is observed in urban residents, in addition, women are more likely to get sick than men.

The causes of ulcerative colitis are not yet fully understood. However, there is an opinion that the development of pathology is directly related to the state of the human immune system. A version is also being considered that the predisposition to this disease is genetic, that is, it is inherited from one of the parents.

With ulcerative colitis, the formation of inflammation on the intestinal wall joins all manifestations. All this leads to ulcers, hence the name of the disease.

Apart from characteristic symptoms inflammation, in the case of ulcerative colitis, pain in the joints of the extremities joins. Sometimes this complicates the diagnosis, especially when other signs are either mild or when taking an anamnesis, the patient considers them insignificant and does not mention them to the doctor, although the disease is characterized by rectal bleeding and pus from the anus.

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by an abrupt course. That is, periods of remission are replaced by exacerbations. In this regard, the disease does not find adequate treatment, the patient is sure that everything will go away on its own. Against this background, it often turns into colon cancer or an ulcer causes peritonitis. In any case, the end of such a story is always sad - a quick and very painful death of the patient. Of course, this does not happen in weeks or even months. It takes years for the situation to become dangerous.

spastic colitis

This inflammation of the large intestine is the most harmless. Symptoms are flatulence and impaired stool. Often it is even confused with a temporary disorder of the digestive system caused by stressful situation or chronic fatigue. Rarely, this disease is accompanied by severe pain.

Pseudomembranous and ischemic colitis

Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by dysbacteriosis, that is, a violation of the bacterial microflora of the intestine. Indigestion, which is the main symptom of this disease, is caused by taking antibiotics. V mild form the disease goes away on its own after the patient stops taking the antibiotic.

However, there is also a severe form of pseudomembranous colitis, in which case the patient has symptoms such as tachycardia, general weakness, blood and mucus in the stool. The main symptom is abdominal pain. Moreover, the abolition of the antibiotic does not affect the improvement of the situation in any way, and it is necessary to begin treatment of not a banal dysbacteriosis, but rather severe colitis.

A sign that the patient has experienced is a sharp pain to the left of the navel. Only then do symptoms characteristic of colitis appear, such as mucus and blood in the stool, or general weakness. Ischemic colitis occurs due to obstruction of the mesenteric vein and, as a result, necrosis and obstruction of the colon. Hence the strong sharp pain. If the patient is not given emergency assistance peritonitis may occur. On palpation, the doctor can accurately determine the place where the colitis occurred, which caused necrosis. The bowel in this place is extremely painful.

Colitis treatment

Colitis is treated by a gastroenterologist or proctologist. The approach to therapy in each case is individual, sometimes even the help of a psychologist is needed. Basically it all comes down to compliance. special diet. In severe cases, a course of antibiotics is prescribed. Sometimes suppositories with the necessary preparations are used. As the main component of the suppository for colitis, they contain a topical glucocorticosteroid - Fluocortolone.