Think and care about protection from unwanted pregnancy During sexual intercourse, not only the man, but also the woman should. Moreover, it is she who subsequently has to make the most important decisions - to give birth or have an artificial termination of pregnancy, to get married or to remain a single mother. Therefore, it is worth knowing about all types female contraception, which are approved and recommended by official medicine.

Table of contents:

Barrier method of female contraception

The essence barrier contraception is to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. Such a barrier can be created mechanically and/or chemically.

Local chemicals

In medicine, such products are called spermicides and are available in various pharmacological forms - foaming tablets and suppositories, aerosols, pastes, balls for intravaginal use. Such products contain substances that have a detrimental effect on sperm - for example, benzalkonium chloride, nonoxynol-9. It is believed that the effectiveness of local chemicals from the category of contraceptives is equal to 85%.

Features of local chemicals:

• can be used by a woman without prior examination by a gynecologist and receiving prescriptions;
• these means of protection against unwanted pregnancy contribute to the formation of additional lubrication in the vagina;
• It is not contraindicated to use any other contraceptives simultaneously with chemicals - this will only enhance the effect;
• are capable of exerting a mild anti-inflammatory effect, and according to some data they even serve as a prevention of cancer of the female reproductive system.

Please note:spermicide does not begin to act instantly - it will take 15-20 minutes, so the introduction contraception It is this group that should be carried out just 15-20 minutes before sexual intercourse. If several sexual acts occur in a row, then before each of them you need to administer the drug.

Mechanical methods of female contraception

Such products are considered absolutely harmless and can be used by all women without any restrictions. Moreover, a woman can refuse such contraception at any time if a decision is made to conceive a child. But doctors say that a woman will need special training in how to use it. mechanical means contraception, and after childbirth or in case of sudden weight gain you will need to change/select new size. Mechanical methods of female contraception include:

1. . They look like a cap with a flexible rim and are made of rubber or latex. The dome of the diaphragm covers the cervix, which makes it impossible for sperm to penetrate into the abdominal organ.

How to use it correctly: the diaphragm is inserted into the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse, but it can also be done in advance - the contraceptive in question can be left in the vagina for 6 to 24 hours. The vaginal diaphragm is used together with spermicides - they are coated with them inner side diaphragm and ring.

1. Female condoms. They are a polyurethane bag 17 cm long and 7-8 cm in diameter with two rings at the ends. There is a thin film on one ring - it is adjacent to the cervix and prevents sperm from penetrating into the organ cavity.

How to use it correctly: the female condom is inserted simply like a regular tampon, a few hours before sexual intercourse. This product is disposable; for the next sexual intercourse you need to use a new female condom.

1. Cervical caps. This is a soft rubber cap that is placed directly on the cervix - negative pressure is created between the cervix and the rim of the cap, which makes it impossible for sperm to penetrate. The cervical cap is smaller in size than the vaginal diaphragm, its effectiveness is 60-80%.

How to use correctly: inserted cervical cap half an hour before sexual intercourse and is not removed for 6-8 hours. Before use, the contraceptive in question is treated with spermicides - they lubricate the rim.

This type of female contraception is considered one of the most effective, but it can only be used as prescribed by a doctor, and a woman will not be able to install an intrauterine device on her own. Gynecologists establish only two types of contraception in question:

• copper-containing;
• progestin-containing.

Are being manufactured intrauterine devices made of plastic (absolutely safe), into which either copper wire or a miniature container with progestin is mounted.
Operating principle of intrauterine devices:

• prevent the penetration of sperm into the uterus - progestin-containing IUDs significantly reduce this ability;
• do not allow implantation (movement) of the egg into the uterine cavity;
• counteract ovulation - this applies only to progestin-containing intrauterine devices;
• Copper-containing products have a detrimental effect on both sperm and eggs.

The intrauterine device is installed on long time– from 2 to 5 years and usually the woman’s body reacts normally/adequately to such “intervention”. In some cases, complications may develop:

• inflammatory processes of the cervix and appendages - according to statistics, the risk of developing such pathologies with an existing intrauterine device increases 2-3 times;
• violations menstrual cycle– the dates of monthly bleeding may “shift”, they become more abundant, and intermenstrual bleeding may occur;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse - pain, burning.

Please note:if a woman notes too much prolonged bleeding from the vagina, there is intense pain in the lower abdomen, weakness and pallor of the skin appear, then you should immediately seek help medical care. This condition may indicate perforation (breakthrough) of the uterine wall by the intrauterine device. This happens extremely rarely - according to statistics, 1 case in 10,000, but every woman should be aware of this complication. Advantages of using an intrauterine device:

Disadvantages of using an intrauterine device:

• Before installation, you must undergo an examination by a gynecologist;
• Only a doctor can insert and remove an IUD;
• after each menstruation, you need to check the presence of the antennae of the intrauterine device - sometimes it can fall out;
• In the first few months after installation of the IUD, increased menstrual bleeding may occur.

Contraindications to installation of an intrauterine device:

• diagnosed oncological diseases genitals or internal genital organs;
• suspicion of a completed pregnancy;
• acute/chronic processes of inflammatory or infectious nature in the reproductive system (including on the external genitalia);
• uterine bleeding pathological nature unknown etiology;
• bicornuate uterus;
• cervical stenosis.

There are also conditional contraindications to the use of an intrauterine device as a contraceptive - that is, it is undesirable to insert an IUD with them, but the final decision is made only by a gynecologist. Conditional contraindications include:

• history of ectopic;
• diagnosed ;
• absence of childbirth;
• bleeding disorders.

Hormonal contraception

We recommend reading:

Hormonal contraceptives are products that contain chemical analogues female hormones. They prevent the onset of ovulation, which makes it impossible to conceive a child. To the group hormonal contraceptives includes tablets, implants, patches, hormonal vaginal ring. Pills are considered the most popular, but you need to select the type of hormonal contraceptive based on your needs/capabilities:

• Birth control pills require excellent memory, responsibility and punctuality - they should be taken strictly certain time and not miss a single day;
• the patches can be used for 7-9 days in a row, that is, only 3 patches will need to be changed per month;
• the hormonal ring has month period operation.

Before starting to use hormonal contraceptives, you must visit a gynecologist, undergo an examination and make a choice in favor of one or another. There are also clearly defined contraindications to the use of this type of contraceptive:

• you are breastfeeding and less than 6 months have passed since giving birth;
• There is no breastfeeding, but less than 3 weeks have passed since birth;
• there is a history of stroke, ischemic disease hearts, pulmonary hypertension, bacterial endocarditis;
• thrombophlebitis was previously diagnosed;
• are strong and your age is 35 years or older;
• in the recent past the woman suffered (less than 3 months ago);
• liver cirrhosis and other pathologies of this organ were previously diagnosed;
• a history of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract that require constant use of medications;
• breast cancer (even after complete healing);
• increased blood clotting;
• The doctor has prescribed and constantly takes anticonvulsants and/or antituberculosis drugs.

Please note:If at least one of the above factors occurs, then taking hormonal contraceptives is strictly prohibited.

Female surgical contraception

We are talking about sterilization - an irreversible process that is considered the most effective for preventing unwanted pregnancy. Indications for sterilization of a woman are only the desire to stop the possibility of conception. But this issue should be approached extremely carefully - the process is irreversible, although there are expensive microsurgical operations that can “turn back time.” Often, surgical contraception is used for medical reasons - for example, a woman has severe malformations of the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary systems, blood diseases, malignant neoplasms. Contraindications to sterilization are:

• spicy inflammatory diseases pelvic organs;
• infection of generalized or focal localization;
• benign tumors developing in the pelvis;
• severe cachexia;
• diabetes mellitus/diabetes insipidus;
• adhesive disease of the pelvic organs and/or abdominal cavity;
• umbilical hernia – applies only to surgical contraception using the laparoscopic method.

Please note:There are still debates about sterilization of women with diagnosed mental disorders, mental retardation– these pathologies are not a medical indicator for surgical contraception.

Now this is the most popular method of surgical contraception - the method has many advantages. For example, after such surgical intervention on skin no scar remains, the rehabilitation period is very short, patients tolerate such an intervention well. Please note:laparoscopic ligation cannot be excluded fallopian tubes V outpatient setting- they do it to a woman local anesthesia, and 2 hours after completion of the procedure and in the absence of any visible changes in health for the worse, the patient can go home.

A miniature incision is made in the anterior abdominal wall– size does not exceed 6 cm. The advantages of this method of surgical contraception are that there is no need to use expensive equipment and quick rehabilitation.

The rectal uterine space is opened with scissors and the fallopian tube is removed into the resulting wound until its fimbria appears. The suture is placed in the middle of the fallopian tube, but somewhat closer to the fimbria. Then they tie the tube with a thread and pull it closer to the surgeon, then the tube is crushed and ligated. The same algorithm of actions is used for the second fallopian tube. Please note:the ends of all suture threads are cut only after the surgeon has finished working on the two fallopian tubes. The incision is closed with a mattress suture. Advantages of sterilization with colpotomy access:

• can be performed in any gynecological hospital;
• there are no cosmetic defects on the anterior abdominal wall;
• there is no need to use expensive equipment and specific tools;
• the pursued goal (sterilization) is achieved immediately after surgery.

Very often, sterilization surgery is performed during caesarean section– there is no additional stress on the body, the woman’s well-being does not change, the periods of lactation and recovery after childbirth pass without changes, hormonal background doesn't change. Timing of surgical contraception:

• in the second phase of the menstrual cycle - delayed sterilization;
• 6 weeks after birth naturally;
• immediately after an artificial termination of pregnancy, but only if the abortion was without complications.

It is strictly contraindicated to carry out sterilization after childbirth if acute infectious disease during childbirth or even during pregnancy, if the anhydrous period of labor exceeded 24 hours. Possible complications in the postoperative period:

• bleeding;
• intestinal damage;
• postoperative infection.

These complications relate to rare events, but a woman who agreed to surgical contraception should know about them. Please note:Doctors warn that in the first 10 years after sterilization surgery, the probability of pregnancy remains within 2%. Female contraception – a wide choice, wide possibilities. It is necessary not only to independently decide on the choice of means of protection against unwanted pregnancy, but also to obtain competent advice from a gynecologist.

Today there are the following types of contraception: barrier, chemical and hormonal.

Contraceptive reliability refers to the chance of getting pregnant within a year when using a specific type of protection. Simply put, if the reliability is 99%, then only 1 girl out of 100 can become pregnant using this product for a year.

Barrier types of contraception for women

This type of protection is aimed at preventing sperm from entering the uterus. These include:

1. . Has significant advantage– prevents the transmission of infections. The disadvantages include the possibility of tearing at any time. The condom protects 98%.
2. Diaphragms and caps. They can be used several times over a period of 2 years. This option also has disadvantages: it does not protect against HIV and various infections. Protects in 85-95% of cases.

Types of hormonal contraception

They are aimed at preventing ovulation. The reliability of such funds is about 97%. You can purchase them in completely different forms:

1. Pills. They must be consumed every day at the same time for 21 days (combined) or throughout the entire cycle (mini-pill).
2. Injections. The injection is given no more than 3 times monthly. This type of contraception can only be used by women who have given birth and are over 35 years old.

Types of emergency contraception

Their action is aimed at preventing the egg from maturing and attaching to the wall of the uterus. Apply after unprotected sex. They are effective for 5 days after sex, but to be sure of their effect, it is recommended to use them as quickly as possible. Use this protection option better time in six months. The protection works in 97% of cases.

Modern types of contraception

These include mechanical contraceptives that release hormones:

1. Vaginal ring. This option is valid for one cycle. The reliability of the ring is 99%.
2. Patch. It can be glued to any part of the body and changed weekly. Reliability – 99.4%.
3. Other options:
4. Intrauterine devices. Injected into the uterine cavity for 5 years. Disadvantage - opportunity intrauterine pregnancy. Protects in 80% of cases.
5. Sterilization. Involves creating obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Reliability 100%.

The use of chemical contraceptives, or spermicides, is quite widespread. Spermicides are chemicals that inactivate sperm in the vagina and prevent it from passing into the uterus. Like any other means of contraception, spermicides have their positive and negative aspects.

Chemical methods of contraception - advantages and disadvantages

Flaws chemical methods contraception

• Low effectiveness compared to the effectiveness of hormonal and intrauterine contraceptives. Pregnancy occurs in 21% of women who regularly use this method of contraception during the first year due to errors in use. With constant and correct use spermicides, pregnancy occurs only in 6% of cases;
• chemical contraceptives may have a local irritant effect;
• Some spermicides, especially foaming ones, create discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Benefits of chemical contraceptive methods

• Spermicides are easy to use;
• their effect is short-lived;
• spermicides do not cause serious side effects;
• they can be used during the period of withdrawal of hormonal and intrauterine contraceptives;
• some of them have protective properties- create a chemical barrier to intravaginal infections.

Spermicides provide some protection against many sexually transmitted diseases (such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia) and reduce the risk of developing inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Frequent or chronic use of spermicides can irritate and damage the vaginal lining, which can facilitate the transmission of HIV infection. If irritation or allergic reaction In women, it is recommended to stop using spermicides, especially if there is a risk of HIV transmission.

Features of the impact of chemical methods of contraception

Each chemical contraceptive consists of an active principle (chemical substance) and a base, or filler, i.e. the substance on which it is prepared this remedy. To prepare the bases of chemical contraceptives, glycerin, cocoa, gelatin, polyethylene oxide, cellulose derivatives, etc. are used.

The mechanism of operation of chemical methods of contraception

As acting principles chemical contraceptives a variety of substances are used, since sperm are very sensitive to changes external environment and to many chemical agents. So, for example, if the vaginal environment is changed from slightly acidic to strongly acidic or alkaline, then the sperm will quickly die. This is the basis for the use of acids and alkalis for contraceptive purposes. In addition, antiseptic substances (alcohols, etc.), quinine, various salts (sodium chloride, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, sodium salicylic, etc.) are used as active ingredients. Most famous chemicals components of spermicides are nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9, menfegol and benzalkonium chloride.

Spermicides are available in the form of creams, gels, soluble or foaming tablets, aerosol foam, films, and in the form of condom lubricants.

Suppositories and tablets are produced in sealed packages, other spermicides are produced in special tubes. Various drugs have different physical properties. The duration of the contraceptive effect, as well as the length of time required for the formation of a barrier and distribution of spermicide in the vagina, depend on the characteristics of the spermicidal filler. There is a certain period of time during which spermicides are effective after they are administered. If sexual intercourse occurs outside the established period of validity, then an additional dose of spermicide must be injected into the vagina.

Spermicides can be used with condoms, diaphragms, caps, or alone. Spermicides are injected into top part vagina 10-15 minutes before sexual intercourse. For one sexual act, a single use of the drug is sufficient. With each subsequent sexual intercourse, additional administration of spermicide is necessary.

The failure rate of isolated spermicide use ranges from 3 to 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year when correct use this method. On average, it is about 16 pregnancies per 100 women per year.

Spermicides- creams, gels, aerosol foams, as well as foam and non-foam suppositories containing an active component that inactivates sperm within a few seconds (maximum 2 minutes). Typically used in conjunction with other contraceptives such as diaphragms, contraceptive sponges, and condoms. 3% of women use only spermicides.

2 types of substances are used as the active ingredient

Surfactants (eg, nonoxynol-9)

Inhibitors of active enzymes.

The active ingredients destroy sperm, reduce their motility, or inactivate enzymes necessary for sperm to penetrate the egg. Some sperm that penetrate the cervical mucus after exposure to spermicide have reduced fertility.

Must be combined with barrier contraceptive methods.

Spermicide should be re-injected with each sexual intercourse.

After sexual intercourse using spermicide, douching should not be done for 6-8 hours.

After use, the applicator should be rinsed with water.

Indications: contraception in women with a reduced risk of pregnancy (rare sexual intercourse or late reproductive age); combination with a rhythmic method of contraception; temporary break in the use of IUDs or oral contraceptives.

Flaws: relatively low contraceptive effect (pregnancy rate is 25-30 cases per 100 women per year), the possibility of teratogenic effects on the fetus during pregnancy.

Advantages. Protects against sexually transmitted diseases and pelvic inflammation, especially when combined with barrier methods of contraception. It has been established that nonoxynol-9 also inactivates gonococci, genital herpes virus, Trichomonas, Treponema pallidum and even HIV.

SEXUAL INTERRUPTION (coitus interrupt)

Normal sexual intercourse ends with ejaculation outside the woman's genital tract.

The method has many disadvantages:

Low contraceptive effect (15-30 pregnancies per 100 woman year) 60% of women do not experience orgasm

With prolonged use, the development of congestion in the pelvis, frigidity, and ovarian dysfunction is possible.

In men, long-term use can cause neurasthenia, decreased potency, and prostate hypertrophy.

Intrauterine devices

Advantages:

High efficiency - the pregnancy rate when using intrauterine devices (IUDs) is 2-3 cases per 100 women per year.

Lack of accompanying systemic action on metabolism.

For long-term use, a single procedure (insertion of an IUD) is sufficient.

No teratogenic effect.

Reversibility of contraceptive effects.

Elimination of psychological discomfort associated with the need to take care of preventing unwanted pregnancy before each sexual intercourse.

Disadvantages: A large number of contraindications:

High risk of developing inflammatory processes of the uterus and its appendages

Increased blood loss during menstruation

High risk of uterine perforation.

Mechanism of action:

Inert ( non-medicinal ) IUD - the action is associated with a local aseptic inflammatory reaction caused by the presence of a foreign body in the uterus.

Contractions of the myometrium, increased peristalsis of the fallopian tubes - the fertilized egg passes through faster fallopian tubes and enters the uterine cavity before the conditions for its implantation arise.

Inflammation of the endometrium (not always), which also prevents implantation. The addition of copper enhances the inflammatory response.

After removal of both copper-coated and non-copper IUDs inflammatory reaction quickly disappears, after which the ability to fertilize is restored.

Spermatotoxic and ovotoxic effects of copper ions.

Medication IUDs with progesterone exert their contraceptive effect locally in the endometrium and cervix - the endometrium does not undergo the changes necessary for implantation, changes in the cervical mucus make it difficult for sperm to penetrate.

Types:

TSi-380A: service life - 5 years

TCu-220, TCu-220B - 3 years

TCu-200Ag - 3 years

TCu-380Ag - 4 years

Multiload C 375 - 5 years

First a mystery. Let's say you have a hundred women. Of these, you gave a third into sexual slavery to the editorial office of the magazine (by the way, thank you). And of this third, another third are black. Attention, question: what is the Pearl index? Right. This is an index of failures, showing how many women out of a hundred, using the chosen means of protection for a year, will eventually become pregnant. The lower it is, the better remedy. For example, for condoms this index is up to 12, which is quite a lot. What does black concubines have to do with it, you ask. Yes, the image is beautiful.

We collected the data on the Pearl index in a table, and described the remaining pros and cons of all known contraceptives (both male and female) in detail.

1. Condoms

Better than anything they protect against infections. Efficiency - 85-90% (less only for mycoplasmosis and herpes).

Safe, even indifferent to health, if you are not allergic to latex.

They need to be bought, kept in your pocket and put on on time (according to the Sanders-Graham-Crosby study, 50% of women do not have this skill: they put their partner in protection after the start of the act).

There is nothing to add to what has been said. Just to get a little boring. According to science, to achieve an impressive 95% effectiveness of a condom, you need to:
● inspect the condom packaging for damage;
● do not put it on inside out...
● ...and on the erect penis, to the end (follow me, Beavis, we said “end”!);
● always leave a spout at the end to collect sperm (you will be surprised, but this actually somehow increases the effectiveness of your latex friend);
● use only water-based lubricants ( butter leave it to the heroes of “Tango in Paris”).

2. Barrier contraception

In our editorial office, full of hypocrites, and even Old Believers, there was not a person who could, without embarrassment, write down all the words of the expert on female contraception Tatyana Kaznacheeva, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department reproductive medicine and surgery FPDO MGMSU. Therefore, warn your woman: it is better not to get information about candles and sponges from men's magazine and not even from a woman’s point of view, but from a conversation with a personal gynecologist. However, we learned something. The diaphragm and the female condom, according to Tatyana, have not taken root in our country, despite the fact that “this rare condom, due to its larger surface area, is capable of protecting against STIs to a greater extent than the male one.” Well, as for spermicidal agents (creams, vaginal tablets and candles), their only advantage is their availability. There are at least three disadvantages.

Spermicides can cause irritation and allergies not only for her, but also for you.

They are so ineffective that young anemones are not recommended to use them at all due to frequent misfires.

Most products need to be administered 20–30 minutes before the act and renewed with each subsequent one, and this is not always convenient.

3. Vasectomy

This method, with a stretch, can also be considered a barrier method, only the barrier to the sperm is not foam tablets and latex, but your bandaged ( surgically) vas deferens. Vasectomy does not affect sperm count, which is something that lovers of sperm count will appreciate.

Contraception is always with you, it does not require you to download new firmware or generally take care of its maintenance.

A vasectomy is only suitable if you have already had some children. Because it may not work out anymore...

- ...since reconstructive surgery is a procedure several orders of magnitude more complex than basic knot tying. Its result is unpredictable. It often happens that it is completely impossible.

4. Female sterilization

Almost one hundred percent effective.

One operation for life.

Regulated by law and even prohibited in our liberal (ha ha) country nulliparous women up to 35 years old.

A real operation - with preparation, hospitalization, anesthesia.

Conditionally irreversible. Reconstructive surgery possible, but there are a lot of reservations.

There is, however, a method of reversible sterilization, when spiral-shaped devices are inserted into the mouths of the fallopian tubes, making it impossible for the egg and sperm to rendezvous. But this method is not widespread in our country, to put it mildly.

5. COC tablets

Few side effects. With continuous use for two years or more, they reduce the likelihood of developing various female diseases. No new ones are added.

Long history of observations and quality control: tablets have been used in the civilized world for 50 years.

They require daily intake and, as a result, the presence of a certain amount of gray matter in a woman’s head. If the dosage regimen is violated, COCs lose effectiveness.

They are not subject to strict male control: it is impossible to understand by the type of pills what your woman is drinking - contraceptives or glycine, which means that deception and intrigue are likely (well, suddenly).

Bad reputation: if your woman has decided that she will not “go on hormones,” then it will be logically impossible to convince her. Moreover, side effects like weight gain and headaches do occur even with the most modern wheels. True, noticeably less often than with “classical” drugs.

If your woman's prejudice only applies to the release form combined contraceptives, you can offer her a skin patch or vaginal ring. You don’t even have to blatantly lie that these remedies are more gentle and less hormonal. This is often true. Oh yes, there are also mini-pills! These do not contain estrogens at all, and besides, they are more harmless purely visually - due to their size.

Combined contraceptive male educational program

Gynecologist, Ph.D., Medical Adviser, MSD Pharmaceuticals LLC

COOK
Pills containing the female hormones estrogen and progesterone must be taken daily for three weeks, then take a week's break during which menstruation occurs. The main mechanism of action is suppression of egg maturation. There are pills that do not contain estrogen, they contain analogues of progesterone (one of the female hormones) and are just as reliable as combination pills. Such drugs may be recommended for breastfeeding women or those for whom estrogens are contraindicated. The tablets are often packaged in a blister with a picture of flowers, but this is not necessary. They look like any other small tablets.

Patch
It also contains analogues of two female sex hormones. The patch, measuring 4.5 by 4.5 cm, is self-adhered by the woman to a clean, dry butt. That is, sorry, skin. The mechanism of action is the suppression of ovulation. The color is beige and does not peel off by itself.

Flexible vaginal ring
Designed on the principle of a multilayer membrane. Continuously releases minimal (due to localization they should not be large) doses of estrogen and progestogen, which are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membrane of you know what. It couldn’t be simpler: a flexible ring with a diameter of 5.4 cm is inserted by the woman herself, you know where (following the example of a tampon). The location of the ring does not affect its effectiveness. The ring remains inside for three weeks, and, like a cat’s litter box, it’s best not to forget to change it. There is a one-week break between the removal of the old and the introduction of the new. The ring effectively suppresses the release of the egg. By the way, as private surveys show, some people really like it when their partner knows where (in none of our articles has this bashful euphemism been repeated such a terrifying number of times. - Editor's note) there is such a nice ring. This supposedly improves the sensation.

6. Injections and implants

The merciless need to take pills every day often leads to truly Zen riddles like “I forgot to take them for three days. Can I take three pills at once now?” In order not to answer endless questions from endless forum visitors, doctors came up with long-lasting solutions.

Long-term effect: 3 months for injections and up to 5 years for implants.

They do not require feats of self-discipline. Injections need to be done quite rarely, which the organizer or secretary will always remind you of - after all, she is also interested in this.

All procedures are invasive and require a visit to the doctor. You can theoretically cope with intramuscular injection, but not with subcutaneous implantation.

No matter how few side effects they cause modern drugs, in this case they are irreversible: if the injection is given and something goes wrong, then the entire duration of the drug will expire.

7. Intrauterine devices

The effectiveness of some “spiral” solutions is up to 99%.

It’s very convenient to use: set it and forget it. Moreover, not for myself, but for her. And you have nothing to do with it at all. Although no, you will have to periodically monitor the position, forgive the details, of the “antennae” of the intrauterine device and monitor the service life. However, this mission is also unlikely to be entrusted to you.

Can be used as early as six weeks after birth. You're so paranoid.

There are no draconian restrictions on age and smoking, characteristic of COCs.

Any foreign object in the body it reduces local resistance to infection and gladly aggravates and aggravates its course, if it has already appeared. This also applies to the spiral.

Your partner can no longer catch an STI. That is, you and all her other men are now required to use condoms. So give them all this magazine - let them know that this is not a joke, and generally photocopy the article.

Conventional copper intrauterine devices can, especially at first, cause discomfort, pain and all sorts of bleeding. Dear hormonal systems like the Mirena, they are almost devoid of such effects, their main disadvantage is the price, that is, the only parameter of the IUD that, for once, concerns you.

One more thing to remember important point. This hellish remedy is famous for one unpleasant fact: pregnancy is still possible when using it. The sperm unites with the egg - life actually begins, but things do not go further than that. The resulting zygote cannot adhere to the wall of the uterus due to local effects created by the spiral, so in some cases it doesn’t care about the mother’s health and nests wherever it wants. It's called ectopic pregnancy, and this is no joke. Go to the hospital immediately!

8. Natural methods

They are always with you, you don’t need to buy them at the pharmacy. That is, you only pay with them for sex!

Most so-called natural contraceptive methods do not work at all and are based on myths. Even for interrupted coitus, the Pearl index is very high, and for other tricks and subterfuges it is even higher.

Again, there are studies showing the harm of interrupted intercourse for prostate health. They are not supported by the proper apparatus of evidence, but they are still somehow alarming.

"I have safe days", "She is breastfeeding. I read somewhere that it is possible”, “I went to the sauna, and sperm remain alive only at temperatures below 36 degrees” - what phrases do not resonate with joy in the hearts of irresponsible partners! Some even still believe in a lemon stuck in you know where (that’s it, this phrase will not be used again), and that you can’t get pregnant in the cowgirl position. Ha! I wouldn't believe it! Cash costs - zero. Zero hassle. Guarantees - well, let's say, not zero, but they are rather absent, if the word “guarantee” is correctly understood.

All in all, natural methods- one of the most unreliable. Indeed, overheating of the scrotum sometimes prevents conception. And during breastfeeding or severe stress In some women, the ovulation mechanism goes astray and even disappears completely. However, you should not rely on these vagaries of nature. Cunning spermatozoa are contained not only in sperm, but also in lubricant; they live in the communication routes, sometimes for ten days in a row (that is, they can hold out and greet the dawn of a “dangerous” day with a whoop). Don't consider all these dances with tambourines as serious methods contraception and turn your attention, for example, to the most reliable method, according to experts. We saved it for last, of course.

Conclusion

Just so you know, our consultants tried not to use the word “contraception” at all. Allegedly, there is a connotation of undesirability in it, and it should say “family planning.” Because the thing here is this: today you don’t plan it, but tomorrow amniotic fluid may well hit your head.

Therefore, in most cases, especially with unfamiliar partners with whom you don’t even plan to have breakfast yet, doctors recommend using the “double Dutch method.” This is when a woman drinks COCs and a man uses a condom. Even in the case of the most chaotic lifestyle, such a tandem brings to zero not only the likelihood of pregnancy, but also the risk of contracting an STI.

Well, if you both realized that children are exactly the reason you need to take out another consumer loan from the bank, you can always abandon the Dutch method.