The pulse as a measured parameter is the simplest, fastest and accessible way initial assessment of the condition of cardio-vascular system. When rendering when time is running for seconds, evaluating the pulse on the carotid arteries allows you to quickly determine the very fact of the heartbeat, the presence of severe tachycardia or life-threatening bradyarrhythmias.
In the traditional Chinese medicine even there is a separate branch of diagnostics "mai-zhen", specializing specifically in the diagnosis of diseases by the nature of pulse disorders.
Many patients believe that the assessment of the pulse consists only in counting the heart rate, but this is not the case. Pulse diagnosis, both standard - palpation, and instrumental (sphygmogram), allows you to get important information about the state of the SSS.
Pulse rate, its rhythm, intensity, degree of fullness, synchrony of pulse waves on both hands, all these are important diagnostic indicators. Namely:
- a different pulse in the arms may indicate that the patient has stenosis mitral valve or, or aorta;
- non-rhythmic pulse (P) is typical for arrhythmias with extrasystoles;
- the absence of pulsation on the popliteal, tibial or dorsal artery of the foot is noted with ischemia lower extremities;
- filiform weak pulsation is characteristic of shock states, severe intoxications, etc.
Expulsion of blood from the ventricles during systole, leads to the formation of a pulse wave - expansion arterial vessels under the influence of arterial blood flow. As you move along the vascular bed from the aorta to the arterioles and capillaries, the pulse wave gradually goes out.
Important. The speed of blood movement through the vessels will depend on the state of the vascular wall.
It should be noted that the higher the stiffness of the vascular wall, the higher the speed of the pulse wave. Therefore, in young people with normal, unimpaired vascular elasticity, it is lower than in older people and ranges from 7 to 10 meters per second.
For reference. An increase in the speed of propagation of a pulse wave (PV) with age is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, which violates the elastic properties of the vessel and makes its wall rigid (not able to stretch).
Determining the PV rate allows assessing the state of the vascular walls and the severity of their damage by atherosclerosis. It is determined by recording a sphygmogram on the carotid, femoral and radial arteries.
Pulse diagnosis. Sphygmogram
A sphygmogram is used to graphically display arterial pulsations.
Anacrota is called the intervals of PV rise (pulse wave). At its peak, the level of systolic blood pressure is recorded. Anacrota is recorded during systole.
Catacrot is the interval at which PV decreases. At its minimum, diastolic blood pressure is recorded.
Dicrotic rise is the moment of secondary rise of PV on catacrot. This second wave is normal and is formed as a result of a decrease in pressure in the arteries and the reflection of blood flow from the semilunar aortic valves.
What pulse should a person have, what are the characteristics of a normal pulse and what is heart rate
HR is the heart rate in sixty seconds.
The normal heart rate for adults is in the range of sixty to eighty beats per minute.
Normal heart rates are highly dependent on age and physical. human training.
Lower heart rate age norm called bradycardia (slow pulse). An increase in heart rate is tachycardia.
Attention. For professional athletes, as well as just trained people who are accustomed to significant physical exertion, normal pulse significantly lower than in non-athletes.
Heart rate is normal for athletes, can range from thirty to forty beats per minute. However, such indicators are typical for those involved in athletics, cycling, swimming, running, etc.
The pulse, the norm in men and women does not differ. Normal heart rate values are calculated based on age and fitness level only. There are no gender differences.
A normal heart rate in a person involved in strength training (weightlifting, powerlifting, boxing, etc.) rarely drops below 70 beats per minute. This is due to significant muscle mass body and specific features strength training.
Normal pulse - characteristics
- degree of rhythm
- degree of tension
- filling speed,
- pulse height.
According to the degree of rhythm, there are rhythmic, accompanied by the same intervals between PV, and non-rhythmic or arrhythmic (characterized by different time intervals between PV and extraordinary pulsations) pulse.
An arrhythmic pulse can be observed both in the norm (as a result of physical activity, emotional overstrain, overheating, etc.), and in diseases of the cardiovascular system and nervous system, intoxication, poisoning, infectious diseases, shock conditions, etc.
The degree of rhythmicity of P can be assessed both by palpation and by sphygmography.
Conducting sphygmography (graphic evaluation of the main characteristics of the pulse), allows you to visualize the height of P and its speed.
The concept of speed P means the intensity of the increase in pressure in the arteries in the systolic period and the spread of PV. The most reliable speed is determined precisely graphically.
Distinguish between fast and slow pulses. rapid spread PB can be observed in patients with insufficiency aortic valve and atherosclerosis. Normally, an increase in heart rate can be noted during increased physical activity.
Slow spread of PB can be observed with syncope or stenosis of the aortic orifice.
According to the pulse rate on the sphygmogram, its height is also determined. A high heart rate is a fast, elevated heart rate. A low heart rate is slow.
The degree of intensity of the pulse is determined by palpation. This term refers to the strength and severity of the resistance that the vascular wall exerts when it is squeezed by the fingers. By tension, P can be soft and hard.
It is called solid when the vessel seems to offer resistance when it is squeezed, due to good fullness.
Attention. According to the “hardness” indicator, it is possible to initially assess the level blood pressure patient. The higher the blood pressure, the “harder”, the more intense the pulse will be.
A firm, tense pulse is characteristic of hypertensive crisis. Mild, may occur with fainting, shock, severe arterial hypotension.
The last to be evaluated is the fullness of P. It consists of the intensity of the pulse and its magnitude. Strong filling will be celebrated at high systolic pressure, normal blood volume and high pulse.
For reference. With a decrease in blood volume, for example, with severe blood loss, the pulse becomes sparsely filled - empty. For severe bleeding or state of shock, it can also become thready (rare, sparsely filled pulse).
Dual pulse waves
The first PB always occurs during cardiac systole. According to the second peak wave, P is divided into:
- double and split, due to the second systolic peak, which is part of the main PB;
- dicrotic, associated with the second diastolic wave.
Graphical representation of double pulse waves:
With double and split P, two systolic peaks are palpable, equal in duration. Such a picture can be observed with a rapid rise in the pulse wave, accompanied by its rapid fall.
This type of P can occur in patients with aortic insufficiency, small aortic stenosis. A variation of the double P is domed, indicative of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Dome-shaped is due to the fact that at first the PV rises high and at a high speed (formation of the first peak), then, due to dynamic LV obstruction (left ventricle), a sharp decline occurs and a second small wave is formed. The second wave is formed by the continued expulsion of blood from the heart, as well as the reflection of the first strong wave.
Such double waves can not only be palpated and visualized with a sphygmogram, but also auscultated during auscultation on large arterial vessels.
For example, with a double pulse against the background:
- severe LV dilatation, a double Traube tone (clapping short sound) can be heard, appearing synchronously with pulse fluctuations. Auscultate him for femoral artery;
- aortic insufficiency or open ductus arteriosus, listen to the double systolic and diastolic Durozier murmur (also heard on the femoral artery).
Dicrotic may occur in:
- young patients with high vascular elasticity, after severe fevers (characteristic of a reduced tone of the peripheral arterial bed with the preserved ability of the myocardium to contract);
- patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Heart rate - how it is measured
The easiest way to determine the pulse rate, as well as its tension, is palpation.
The rate of heart rate is determined according to the age of the patient. In addition to counting the heart rate, it is necessary to evaluate the similarity of the P on both hands, its tension, filling, etc. by palpation.
For reference. As a standard, the pulse rate, as well as its main characteristics, is evaluated on the radial arteries.
It is necessary to palpate simultaneously, on both hands. The patient's hands should be at the level of the heart. Before assessing the pulse, the patient should rest for several minutes.
The pulse is measured with 3 to 4 fingers. In this case, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th fingers of the doctor should be above the radial artery. That is, over wrist joint, from the side thumb:
Attention! Pulse counting should be carried out exactly 60 seconds. The option of counting in 10 seconds, then multiplying by 6, is only relevant during emergency care.
Human pulse rate:
- the same on both hands;
- rhythmic;
- corresponding to the age norm;
- normal in filling and tension.
The pulse deficit is also assessed.
Pulse deficit is the difference between the patient's pulse rate and heart rate.
It is calculated by the formula: heart rate - pulse.
Heart rate is normal, in adults and children, does not differ from the pulse rate. However, in patients with atrial fibrillation and extrasystoles, inefficiency of heart contractions is observed.
Where, besides the radial artery, you can feel the P
Also, for palpation use:
- temporal,
- shoulder,
- elbow,
- femoral
- popliteal,
- back tibia,
- dorsal artery of the foot.
The definition of P on the peripheral arteries is milestone in the diagnosis of ischemia of the lower extremities. With severe atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, the pulsation on the femoral artery can be palpated weakly. With atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels of the legs, the pulsation on the popliteal, posterior tibial or dorsal artery of the foot may completely disappear.
Human pulse - the norm by age
The pulse rate for women and men is not different. The only difference can be considered that women are more emotional, therefore, when calculating the heart rate in women, the values \u200b\u200bare slightly higher (the difference is no more than 10 beats per minute).
Heart rate in children (normal by age) differs significantly depending on the age of the patient. In newborns, the average heart rate values are in the range from 110 to 170 beats per minute. In the future, the pulse in children is significantly reduced.
Pulse in children - the norm (table)
Pulse - the norm by age in women and men
Heart rate, the norm in adults from 18 to 50 years old is in the range from sixty to eighty beats per minute.
After fifty and up to sixty years, the values of the normal pulse increase slightly and range from 64 to 84 beats per minute.
After sixty years, the heart rate is normal - from 69 to 89 beats per minute.
Heart rate - the norm in women during pregnancy
During pregnancy, women normally have an increased heart rate. However, it must be borne in mind that the characteristics of a normal pulse should not change in this case. The pulse should remain the same on both hands, rhythmic, full, etc.
Also, the increase in heart rate should be gradual. A sharp development of tachycardia with arrhythmia, or vice versa, a slowing of the pulse rate, is a reason to consult a doctor.
Normal tachycardia of pregnant women is not accompanied by:
- chest pain,
- attacks of weakness and dizziness,
- impaired consciousness,
- blanching or flushing of the face,
- sensations of interruptions in the work of the heart and other pathological symptoms.
From the fourteenth week of pregnancy until childbirth normal values The heart rate in the fetus remains in the range from 146 to 168 beats per minute.
What should be the heart rate of a person involved in sports
Attention. Bradyarrhythmia for athletes is a normal condition.
This is due to the fact that their heart gets used to work in a more economical mode, significantly increasing the frequency of contractions only during serious loads to ensure proper blood circulation in organs and tissues.
For reference. In trained people, trophism and metabolism in the myocardium are much higher than in an ordinary person, so their heart is able to contract as efficiently as possible (more powerful contractions at a reduced frequency).
For trained athletes, normal resting heart rates can range from 30 to 40 beats per minute.
Increase in heart rate during exercise
The most common formula for calculating the maximum allowable heart rate during training is: 220 - age = maxHR.
There is also a refined version of this formula, which gives the minimum error: 205.8 - (0.685 * age) = maxHCC.
To determine the target limits of normal heart rate during training, the Karvonem method is used.
These formulas allow, with a minimum error, to determine not only the upper, but also the lower limit of the optimal pulse.
Lower Limit= Resting HR + (maxHR - Resting HR) *0.5.
Upper limit = resting HR + (maxHR - resting HR) *0.8.
(max heart rate is calculated using the formula 220-age)
Approximate norms of heart rate:
Increased pulse. Causes
- tachyarrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial flutter against the background of AV blockade, etc.);
- intoxications;
- fever (every 10 strokes approximately correspond to a 1 degree rise in temperature);
- electrolyte imbalance;
- mild anemia;
- hypoxia;
- , angina pectoris;
- drinking alcohol, strong tea or coffee;
- emotional overstrain;
- infectious diseases;
- initial stages of shock;
- intoxication associated with the growth of a malignant tumor;
- osteochondrosis of the chest and cervical spine;
- neurocirculatory dystonia;
- arterial hypertension (an increase in pressure is accompanied by an increase in heart rate);
- myocarditis (characteristic of tachycardia with low blood pressure);
- hyperfunctions thyroid gland;
- tumors of the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma);
- obstructive pulmonary diseases, etc.
Causes of bradyarrhythmia
The main reasons for slow heart rate are: 
- increased intracranial pressure (tumor, cerebral hemorrhage);
- lead intoxication;
- severe shocks, blood loss;
- exhaustion, starvation;
- myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis;
- severe intoxication;
- severe ischemic heart disease;
- hypofunction of the thyroid gland;
- hyperglycemic coma (weak, thready pulse);
- sepsis;
- severe liver disease, etc.
For reference. A low pulse at normal pressure can be observed after hypothermia, as well as with atrioventricular blockade of the 1st degree (with a more severe blockade, bradyarrhythmia is combined with hypotension).
How to quickly restore the heart rate
Given the variety of causes of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, before prescribing treatment, it is necessary to identify the cause of heart rate disturbance.
The doctor should prescribe treatment, in accordance with the diagnosis.
Depending on the underlying disease, may be prescribed:
- antiarrhythmic drugs,
- cardiotrophic drugs,
- antioxidants,
- multivitamins and trace elements,
- iron preparations,
- sedatives, etc.
- What you should pay attention to?
- When is it better not to check the pulse?
- How to determine the radial pulse?
- How to know about health by heart rate?
Normal human heart rate calm state 60-80 beats / min.
Pulse (pulsus - translated from Latin. blow) - systematic, caused by heart contractions, swaying of the walls of blood vessels, determined by the dynamism of their filling with blood and pressure on them throughout a single cardiac cycle.
The slower the metabolism, the fewer beats per time unit the human heart will make. If a person sets himself important goal- to prolong life, then he should put under control the question of how many beats per minute the heart should beat. In other words, learn how to check your heart rate.
What you should pay attention to?
Before you know what pulse is considered normal, you need to find out some very significant nuances regarding the change in beats throughout the day. Pulse rate healthy person changes significantly throughout the day. Minimum value pulse is noted early in the morning and by the beginning of the night. Maximum performance the pulse is fixed in time close to the evening.
In a horizontal position (or lying down), the pulse is lower than in a sitting (and even more so - standing). Therefore, in order to get normal performance heart rate and accurately note the effectiveness of the efforts made to improve metabolism, it is advisable to measure the pulse at the same time and while taking the same position.
It is better to measure the pulse in the morning, waking up and not getting out of bed yet. A normal heartbeat will show accurate values within 1 minute. They do it differently: they count the heart rate for 30 seconds and double the result.
Although the capabilities of the hardware modern medicine very high, yet no device can surpass the method of pulse diagnosis, which is used by traditional medicine. This is the most reliable diagnostic method that has been used for many millennia of existence. traditional medicine. He is more likely to tell what diseases the patient had during his life. What pathology and at what stage this moment. To master similar method Diagnosis by a specialist takes many years.
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When is it better not to check the pulse?
There are some restrictions that indicate that the pulse measurement should be taken at a different time. So, it is better not to check the pulse:
- immediately after the end of the meal, the use of alcohol or medicines;
- with a clear feeling that he is hungry;
- upon completion of the process of hard mental work or intense in the physical plane;
- after exercise;
- after the massage procedure;
- in a state of sleepiness;
- during menstruation;
- when exposed to the sun, frost, in close proximity to fire.
It is easy to master the most simplified version of this type of diagnosis. Of course, it is unlikely that you will be able to become a specialist after training, as well as correctly diagnose, but separate normal heartbeat from a pathology for certain it will turn out.
The practice of using diagnostics has proved that optimal period for pulse measurements is the time interval between 11 and 13 hours. In other words, the time from breakfast to lunch. The rhythm of the heart during this period is the most calm.
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How to determine the radial pulse?
The ideal place for counting the pulse is in the region of the radial artery (at the width of the thumb, slightly below the first skin fold wrists).
Radiation Pulse Count with three fingers: index, middle, and ring fingers. Since the value of the pulse of the hands will be different, measurements should be taken on each hand.
To measure your own pulse, you should hold your hand, while bending your wrist slightly. The second hand should grab the wrist from below. Three fingers are placed on the indicated area of \u200b\u200bthe wrist on the radial artery. The fingers are placed on one straight line with a minimum clearance between each other. Lightly press just below the radius (metacarpal) bone and focus on the pulsating point. The pulse wave should be clearly felt by any of the three fingers. After that, the clamp of the fingers is somewhat loosened in order to catch different pulsating movements.
You can also measure the heartbeat on the temporal artery, as well as the carotid (inner edge of the clavicular-sternomastoideus muscle below the jaw), femoral (from the surface of the shoulder inside, above the elbow, from the side of the thigh from the inside in the area where the leg and pelvis are combined), popliteal. It is customary to measure the pulse on the wrist, on the surface of the hand from the inside (from the side radial artery) is slightly higher than the base of the thumb.
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How to know about health by heart rate?
The state of health of a particular individual is judged by the number of heartbeats. What pulse is considered normal if a person is not sick? A healthy body for 1 cycle of breathing (exhalation, stop, inhalation) produces from 4 to 6 heartbeats (most often about 5). When the pulse is below this norm (3 beats, for example) or higher (7 or more beats), this is a signal of a pathology in any organ and serves as a reason to visit a doctor.
Beats 1-3 during the 1st breathing cycle indicate the functional insufficiency of any organ. The person is treated by taking hot food and warming drinks. At the same time, 3 hits - medium cold, 2 - extreme, 1 - deadly.
Beats in the range of 7-10 signal the functional activity of organs and the existence of a fever disease. A person compensates for the heat by eating cooling food. At the same time, 7 beats - medium heat, 8 - high, 9 - limiting, 10 - excessive heat (deadly pulse).
A duration of 100 beats should show the evenness (in tension, strength, fullness) of the pulse, which is inherent in the state of a healthy body. Uneven pulsating beats are evidence of the presence of a disease.
Normal heart rate in people entering different age categories(strokes/minute):
- newborn - 140;
- baby of the first year of life - 130;
- child from 1 to 2 years - 100;
- preschool child (3-7 years old) - 95;
- from 8 years to 14 - 80;
- middle-aged people - 72;
- a person of advanced years - 65;
- the patient has 120;
- in a terminally ill patient - 160.
By measuring the pulse different state, a person can learn to distinguish the quality of the pulse and dangerous signals about well-being.
For example, the poisoning of the body is signaled by a rapid pulse that appears after eating after 2-3 hours. There is no vomiting yet, but the body already warns of danger through increased pulsation of blood vessels.
People with high magnetic sensitivity sudden appearance storm, which affects the decrease in blood pressure (especially in people with low blood pressure - hypotension), the pulse increases sharply, helping to maintain normal level BP for this person.
The sharply increased blood pressure also affects the characteristics of strokes: a person begins to feel their increased tension.
The maximum increase in strokes is observed after physical activity in the period of 13-14 hours. This period is unfavorable for physical work. Within an hour, it is not recommended to conduct massage sessions, visit a steam room, and conduct balneotherapy, since sensitivity to temperature is high.
Every person has a different beat frequency. The rarest pulse is 32 beats per minute. The highest frequency is recorded at paroxysmal tachycardia or after physical exertion of increased intensity - up to 200 beats per minute.
A person who regularly exercises physical culture or some kind of sport, the heartbeat in a calm state gradually stabilizes, which is a sign of a trained organism.
Tachycardia is called a rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats / minute). This condition requires control. With these symptoms, a visit to the doctor is a must.
Bradycardia refers to a decrease in heart rate to values less than 50 beats / minute. Pathology should also not be ignored.
Heart failure - the pulse is slow and weak. This disease requires an immediate call to the doctor.
The rhythm of the pulsation is associated with the intervals between successive beats. V healthy body pulse time intervals are always uniform. A clear and correct rhythm of pulsation is a sign of good health.
Arrhythmia - inconsistency of pulsation, it is characterized by uneven time intervals. Manual measurement of the pulse allows you to detect arrhythmia. But it is much easier to do this with a digital blood pressure monitor equipped with a heart rate monitor and an arrhythmia device.
Arrhythmia indicates functional disorders or for diseases.
At atrial fibrillation pulsation is observed.
There are also concepts of pulse tension and filling.
Voltage dependent on level blood pressure and is characterized by the force that takes part in the complete expansion of the pulsating artery. The tension of the pulse indicates the maximum level of blood pressure.
Filling means the force of contractions of the heart, which is related to the stroke volume.
Each deviation of the pulse from the norm requires a doctor's examination.
The human body is very complex mechanism, which is worth only one cardiovascular system. It's about her and will be discussed, or rather about its important indicator - the pulse. This indicator may indicate a number of diseases that require immediate treatment, since circulatory system- this is a fundamental life and a careless attitude towards it ends in most cases very sadly. From cardiovascular diseases a large number of people die every year. In this case what is the acceptable heart rate And what does the word pulse actually mean?
When a person's heart contracts, the walls of blood vessels begin to fluctuate in the same rhythm as the heartbeat, this is pulse. Therefore, knowing him, you can judge the work of his cardiovascular system. You can find out the rhythm of the heartbeat, frequency, as well as judge the state of the human vessels. At home, you can self-diagnose by the following features: if the pulsation frequency is not rhythmic, then this may indicate some kind of heart disease or that a person consumes an excessive amount of coffee or is prone to stress and overload. The characteristics of the pulse include not only the rhythm of the pulsation, but also its pulse frequency, that is, how many contractions does the heart make in exactly 60 seconds. one
How and where should the pulse be measured?
Pulse measurement is carried out on those vessels that are very close to the skin. Most often it is measured on the radial artery, but it is also sometimes measured on carotid artery or temporal. On the radial artery, the measurement site is the area on the wrist, which is slightly above the thumb. If the beats are rhythmic, then it is not necessary to measure the pulse throughout the entire minute, 30 seconds will be enough, and then simple arithmetic - we double the result. If a person is sick with some kind of heart disease, then it is necessary to measure for exactly a minute, since the norm of heart beats per minute will not be observed.
Every person should be able to measure the pulse, this will allow at home to determine the cause of headaches or dizziness.
2What factors affect the heart rate?
If you measure the pulse of an athlete who has just run a hundred meters, you can see that his heart rate will be much higher than when he is in his normal state. But this is far from the only factor that affects the frequency of pulse waves. These factors include the age of the person and the environment.
On average, the pulse rate for women is seven beats more than for males, of course, they must be of the same age. This indicator can fluctuate both up and down, depending on the functional position of the body. Breathing is also directly related to the heartbeat. Even the position of a person's body can affect its frequency. When the body is in a hot or stuffy room, the frequency of pulse waves begins to increase.
In more late time day (during sleep), his pulse becomes slow, but in the period from 15 pm to 20 pm, the pulse is gaining the highest momentum. The normal pulse rate for men is 60 to 70 beats. It is very interesting that the pulse of newborn children can be 140 beats per minute, and for an adult, this figure is alarm bell and reason to see a doctor. Such a violation indicates a rapid heartbeat, it occurs both in a calm state and in a state of exertion.
It is very important not to forget that you need to measure the pulse in a calm state!
3What pulse is considered normal?
If we analyze how the heart rate changes in people from birth to death, then we can notice such a pronounced trend that from birth to 50 years of human bullets decreases. And such a pulse as 140 is normal for newborns, but for an adult it will already be a sign of any disease or disorder in the body. A normal heart rate for an adult, say 50 years old, would be 60 to 80 beats per minute, the same rate is normal for teenagers at the age of 15 years. Therefore, it is possible to single out such a period from 15 to 50 years, in which an average of 70 strokes is considered the norm. Therefore, the normal pulse of a person at 25 years old will also be 70. After fifty years, a person's pulse begins to rise. The normal pulse of an adult 60 years old is already on average 79 beats. Here, such a tendency stands out that closer to death, the heart rate becomes higher. If the rate of heart rate in men aged 70 is approximately 80 pulsations per minute, then before death, as scientists say, this number is approximately 160.
It is worth noting that these values were represented by people who are not sick with anything and are in a state of calm. It is important to remember that in women at the age of 40, menopause occurs, in which tachycardia is not a sign of heart disease. Its cause is a decrease in estrogen levels. During this period, not only the pulse rate changes, but the pressure can also be overestimated, but this does not indicate any problems.
You should control your pulse, this will allow you to identify any deviations in time and consult a doctor. To do this, you need to know the norms of the pulse at a certain age and condition of a person.
4What are the causes of high heart rate?
If a heart rate of 60 beats per minute is normal, then what kind of heart rate would be considered high? natural and normal reasons increased heart rate are physical activity, stress, pain or just stay in poorly ventilated areas. At elevated temperature body even by 1 degree, the pulse rate can rise greatly. An indicator of 90 beats per minute already speaks of mild stage tachycardia. In the case when there are no complaints of shortness of breath, tingling in chest, cloudiness, dizziness and no loss of consciousness, then this indicates an increased heart rate. To find out how many heartbeats per minute is the norm for a person at a certain age, you need to subtract the full age from 220. The pulse should stabilize after exercise no later than about five minutes.
Tachycardia at the pathological level occurs in such cases:
- With heart diseases that were observed at birth. In such cases, the heart rate changes even in a state of calm.
- CNS diseases
- Endocrine diseases
- Tumors in the body
- Various infections
The change in heart rate is quite normal phenomenon if people feel some kind of load, for example, they play outdoor games. In this case, the heart rate is affected by emotional condition person. Thus, the body tries to adapt to the prevailing conditions. If, during such games, a person feels pain in the chest area or may completely lose consciousness, then you should go to the hospital. They may appoint special preparations that can regulate your heart rate.
With a high pulse, you need to urgently go to the hospital, before the ambulance arrives, you need to breathe deeply, and when you exhale, cough, straining a little.
5What if the pulse is below normal?
A low heart rate does not always indicate illness or pathology; people who often experience significant physical exertion may have a pulse of 40 beats per minute. This is due to the fact that due to this, the circulatory system and the heart have adapted to frequent loads, if a person does not receive such loads, then his heart rate will return to normal. The pulse during sleep is also below normal. The concept that characterizes a reduced heart rate in medicine sounds like bradycardia.
Bradycardia at the pathological level is detected after heart attacks, inflammation of the heart, intoxication, as well as changes in vascular tissues that come with age. The normal pulse rate of a person at the age of 40 is approximately 60 - 70. But with heart disease, its frequency can drop below 50 beats per minute.
If a person in his natural state feels dizzy, weak, and breaks into a sweat ( cold sweat), which means that his pulse is lowered, and all this may be accompanied by headaches. This happens because the heart systems are not working properly, this can be the result of a myocardial infarction. Bradycardia may also occur while taking certain medicines, in such cases no visible reasons to this no.
With a low pulse, you should not make decisions on your own to eliminate this problem, since if the dosage is incorrect, the pressure can rise significantly. In case of serious lowering of the pulse, you should immediately go to the hospital and undergo an examination. With a weak degree of bradycardia, you can drink a cup of strong tea or coffee.
6How to detect changes in heart rate?
For a thorough diagnosis, it is desirable to make an electrocardiogram. In certain cases, you need to do Holter monitoring (when the heart rate is recorded during the day). At normal person deviations from the norm established for a given age should not be detected.
If necessary, you can do treadmill test, whose main task is to answer the question: how quickly does the human cardiovascular system recover after certain physical exertion? V this test, physical activity is a run on a treadmill.
The work of our heart worsens over time, the elasticity of blood vessels is lost, the rate of heartbeat falls. The reason for this may be the wrong lifestyle, it is connected with nutrition in the first place, as well as bad habits which could further exacerbate the situation. At the age of 45, our body becomes more vulnerable than usual, as it to some extent ceases to adapt to harmful environments and stresses. This can cause various dysfunctions in the body and lead to heart failure. Therefore, it is very important to be able to check your pulse and seek help from specialists in a timely manner. It is also important to know what is the normal pulse in an adult.
For the timely detection of heart problems, it is recommended to visit a cardiologist once a year and a half, and then, provided that nothing bothers you.
VWhat pulse is considered normal, and what is dangerous to health?
In healthy people, the heart rate is between 60 and 90 times per minute. This indicator is considered to be the norm and it is applicable to people aged 20 to 60 years. Older people and children have higher heart rates. In athletes, on the contrary, this value is lower, and this is not a violation.
Anyone should know how many beats per minute the heart should beat, because this indicator displays the state of the cardiovascular system. Deviation from the norm often indicates the presence of trouble, but not in all situations. There are a large number of factors that can affect the increase or decrease in heart rate.
What increases the heart rate?
A rapid heartbeat is commonly referred to as tachycardia. If the pulse is above 90 beats in 60 seconds, experts advise to go diagnostic examination. An increase in heart rate without circumstances may indicate a violation of the heart muscle. At the same time, stress can affect the acceleration of the pulse. excitement, physical activity and more. Tachycardia in such cases will take into account the norm.
In people over the age of 60, the pulse is rarely normal. Much more often, the heart rate at this age is above 90 beats. This is due to the weakening of the heart muscle. She's unable to pump right amount blood, on the basis of this decreases more often, but with less force. And, for example, in small children, the pulse can reach the mark of 150 beats, and this indicator will be taken into account by them as usual. In addition, we should not forget about hormonal changes in the body (for example, during menopause or during puberty). At this time, the pulse changes under the influence of hormones and internal factors.
The change in heart rate caused by the disease is in most cases accompanied by anxiety, headaches, tension and strong pulsation.
What slows down the heart rate?
It must be emphasized that low frequency heart rate (bradycardia) with a healthy heart is considered a good indicator. A trained heart has tremendous strength, and the release of blood is also made stronger and larger when compared with an untrained one. A trained heart is able to pump the right amount of blood in fewer contractions. As a result, the pulse slows down. From time to time, the pulse of experienced athletes reaches 40-46 beats per minute.
Another condition contributes to bradycardia sleep. In healthy people, during sleep, the heart beats at a frequency of less than 60 beats per 60 seconds, because it will be in a state of calm. During sleep, the body uses less oxygen and nutrients than during wakefulness.
An increase or decrease in the number of strokes of the heart muscle may also depend on genetic predisposition. So, some people with not strong physical training the heart can beat only 50 times per minute, and the person will feel healthy.
What is a pulse alert?
Increased pulsation can give a warning about an attack of neurosis, ischemia or arrhythmia. According to the pulse rate, it is possible to find out an increase or decrease in pressure, so strong shocks indicate hypertension, and not strong ones about hypotension. There are exceptions, which are associated with a violation of the nervous regulation of the heart muscle.
An increase in heart rate occurs not only in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Tachycardia can be seen with colds and viral diseases, increase in temperature, inflammatory processes and poisonings.
With few exceptions, the number of heart beats per minute for a healthy adult should be in the range of 60-90 per minute.
In humans, what factors affect it, what are the causes of deviations. Also given detailed description how to measure the pulse correctly and what it can “tell” to a person. Those who want to constantly know its meanings and not make any effort will find here a simple solution for this.
Human pulse - what is it?
When the heart muscles contract, blood is rhythmically pushed out of the left ventricle, and on vascular walls arteries, oscillations occur, stretching the aortic walls. The impulses are then transmitted wave motion through the flow of blood along the arteries, thus causing what we call a pulse. Therefore, according to various characteristics impulses can be judged on the state of the heart. In ancient times, they knew about this and could diagnose not only this organ, but the whole organism. In Tibet, this knowledge was passed down through generations and has reached our days, spreading throughout the world.
Currently, you can find out what kind of pulse a person has by manually probing or measuring with special instruments.
What does it depend on?
The reasons why the pulse changes may be as follows:
- gender and height: the taller a person is, the slower his heart beats;
- age;
- stress: with emotional overload, the frequency of impulses can increase greatly;
- physical exercise;
- illness;
- menstruation in women;
- Times of Day;
- body position;
- alcohol;
- taking food.
If there are no specific reasons for this, a person’s pulse per minute will not change much. Small fluctuations depending on the time of day, body position, and so on are quickly restored. And this is the norm. Let us dwell on some of the causes of jumps in more detail.
Time of day and body position
Most low rates appear early in the morning and towards night, and high - in the evening. V active phase sleep can also be seen as closed eyes are moving fast. The pulse of a healthy person per minute while he is dreaming can reach from one hundred to one hundred and twenty beats per minute.
The position of the body also matters. In a sitting and standing position at the same time and with other identical parameters per minute, there can be ten more strokes than lying down. Optimal time for measurement is the interval from eleven to thirteen o'clock in the afternoon. It is at this time that it is best to measure a person’s pulse.
Norm by age
The most frequent heart rate observed in an infant is 140 beats per minute, which by the end of the year is reduced to 130.
From the age of two, impulses are usually 100 beats.
From three to seven years - 95.
By the age of fourteen, 80 beats per minute is usually the pulse of a person.
The norm for age from eighteen to sixty years is more dependent on the state of human health. On average, it ranges from 60 to 80 beats per minute, but for athletes and well-trained people, the figure is lower: from 40 to 60.
But, starting from the age of sixty, the rate may increase somewhat, but on average it is 65 beats per minute.
Before death, the frequency increases to about 160.
Pulse in women and men
It has long been proven that men and women have slightly different pulse rates. The fact is that in representatives of different sexes of the heart different size. It is less in women than in men. Because of this, in order to pump the right amount of blood, he has to work faster. At the same time, the male heart is considered more hardened, since the stronger sex is more engaged in physical activity. That is why their pulse rate is slightly lower than that of women. The difference in performance can reach up to fifty beats per minute, but basically it is less - only five to ten beats.
Sport
Any physical activity increases the heart rate. Regular training leads to its usual reduction at rest.
But during sports, a person should be aware of their allowable loads. The fact is that the pulse in this case should not exceed certain indicators, which are calculated in the following way: age is subtracted from two hundred and twenty. The resulting difference is the maximum human heart rate. However, this applies more to males. Since the body of women is considered more enduring, they need to subtract their age from two hundred and thirty-five. However, during exercise optimal performance will not be one hundred percent of the allowable heart rate, but only from sixty to seventy percent of the maximum.
Stress
Nervous tension always affects the work of the heart. And the pulse rate also depends on this muscle. Its increase is one of the indicators of the manifestation of stress.
Diseases and pulse
The pulse can be used to judge the presence or absence of disease in a person. A constant rate of more than one hundred beats per minute indicates a disease such as tachycardia. Too reduced pulse, when the beats per minute is less than fifty, speaks of bradycardia. In this case, the help of a specialist is needed.
When the temperature rises, the pulse increases by about ten beats per minute.
The rhythm of vibrations is also important. If the intervals between beats are the same and the person’s pulse is heard correctly and clearly, we can talk about good condition his health. Otherwise, cardiac arrhythmia occurs. It comes in several types. An extra beat on the interval indicates extrasystole. Random impulses are usually characteristic of atrial fibrillation. And an unexpected strong heartbeat may indicate paroxysmal tachycardia.
Any features and deviations of impulses are very important for determining the state of human health. If such facts are recorded more than once, then this should be treated with special attention and see a doctor.
At increased rate there may be diseases such as anemia, thyrotoxicosis, heart disease, heart failure, fever.
A severely decreased heart rate may be indicative of bad job thyroid gland, obstructive jaundice, reduced intracranial pressure, inflammation and brain tumors.
How to measure the pulse?
Of course, only a specialist can truly appreciate the pulse of a healthy person per minute. However, learning how to measure it is not so difficult. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with a number of basic rules and constantly practice the technique.
To calculate vibrations per minute manually, you need to put your fingers on one of the listening places on the body. Basically, the wrists are used for this purpose. During the measurement, the arm should be slightly bent at the wrist, and the other should be grasped from below. Three fingers (index, middle and ring fingers) are placed on the radial artery in line. When pressing on the area below radius tremors begin to be felt. Each of the fingers should feel these vibrations. Different movements will be felt if the pressure is released little by little.
It is necessary to "listen" to the pulse of a person at rest, at the same time and in the same position. After all, the emotional mood, physical activity, and so on will lead to a change in the data.
- after eating, drinking alcohol or taking medications;
- after heavy physical exertion;
- after intensive mental labor;
- after massage or bath;
- after having sex;
- after exposure to frost or sun;
- after being by the fire or fireplace;
- after bad sleep;
- during menstruation in women.
Pulse diagnostics
For many centuries, Tibetan medicine has used the method of pulse diagnosis. It has now spread all over the world. Including he is known in Russia.
The pulse of a person in this case is understood not just as a pulsation of blood running through the veins. This type diagnostics is a whole science, where, depending on the right or left hand (and pulse diagnostics mainly uses the wrists when measuring), three different zones on them, types of pulses are distinguished, from which the presence or absence of a particular disease is already calculated according to certain parameters . The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that it is able not only to diagnose a patient, but also to predict the risk of a disease in the future if a person does not take a number of preventive measures.
In addition to physical well-being, an experienced diagnostician determines the psychological and emotional background of a person and gives him a whole list of recommendations at the end.
In recent decades, due to technical progress that engulfed the planet, and assistant machines appeared in this direction. So, more and more common is computer pulse diagnostics. In devices, in addition to the programmed definition of many diseases, it also provides whole complex recommendations on nutrition and herbal medicine, which are issued at each diagnosis, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the body.
Check your heart rate with instruments
When playing sports, they often use devices for measuring - heart rate monitors. However, it is quite possible to do without them. However, in order for the workouts to be more effective and take less time, it is recommended to use them.
Cardiac sensors come in the form of watches that are simply put on the hand during physical exertion, rings for index finger and special devices worn on the throat or chest. To be sure that the device will long time give results without errors, it is worth buying not the cheapest model, but more expensive, from trusted manufacturers.
V gyms you can often find treadmills and other exercise machines with built-in heart rate sensors. Should we trust such devices? Unlikely. After all, most of them are not the most prestigious and expensive brands and do not correspond necessary requirements. Moreover, even if the simulator High Quality, it should be noted that the sensors measure the movement of blood in the palms, that is, in a place where there is no large vessels and the beat is implicit. From this we can draw the appropriate conclusion.
Technical devices on the market are updated at the fastest pace, and recently a novelty has appeared in the form of an application on a smartphone, which also measures the pulse.
To do this, you need to download it to your phone and then, turning it on, just put your finger on the camera screen. The application has many convenient options. For example, all measurements made are stored there (which, of course, can be deleted if necessary). Thus, detailed statistics are kept. It is also necessary to indicate the conditions when a person’s pulse is measured: by age, sleep, training, food intake, and so on. The interface in Russian has not yet been released, or, according to users, at first, but then disappeared somewhere. But those who tried to use it report that the calculations made are quite accurate. It is probably too early to draw conclusions about this new product. The future will show how useful and necessary it is. But at the moment, users are very satisfied, since the device, based on how many pulses a person has, among other things, reports possible problems with health and the need to see a doctor if the indicators signal this.
