Accidents can happen to anyone and it is almost impossible to prevent them. But each of us needs to have information on how to behave if such a nuisance happens to someone close to us or just to a random person we meet. So poisoning is considered a fairly common and at the same time dangerous accident. carbon monoxide, symptoms, the treatment of which should be known in advance.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur in different situations, for example, by inhalation, by carbon monoxide poisoning at home (by leakage domestic gas or in case of malfunction of devices, etc.). Also, such an accident can occur due to poisoning in a fire.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

Manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning depend on its concentration in the inhaled air, as well as on the duration of its exposure to human body.

At mild form Carbon monoxide poisoning begins in humans headache, which is encircling in nature, and can be localized in the temples or in the forehead area. The victim is bothered by dizziness, noise sensations in the ears and unpleasant flickering before the eyes. Consciousness becomes foggy, coordination of movements is impaired, and visual and hearing acuity may decrease. In some cases, there is a short-term loss of consciousness, and nausea often occurs, leading to vomiting.

Many victims of carbon monoxide poisoning complain of rapid pulse, palpitations and pressure. painful sensations in the area of ​​the heart. Breathing becomes frequent, shortness of breath occurs. When exposed to carbon monoxide, the skin of the face and mucous membranes turns bright red or pink.

In severe cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, the victim loses consciousness and may experience convulsions. Sometimes pathological processes cause coma, involuntary urination or defecation. The pulse is quite frequent, but weakly palpable. The likelihood of development increases. The victim's breathing becomes shallow and intermittent, the skin and mucous membranes look pale with an indistinct pinkish tint.

Carbon monoxide poisoning - emergency care

The first step is to stop the aggressive influence of carbon monoxide on a person: take him out into the fresh air or use an oxygen mask (you can also use a gas mask with a hopcalite cartridge). In the room, it is necessary to open windows and doors for ventilation.

Clear the victim's airways, then remove the tie from his neck, unbutton his shirt, etc. It is best to lay the person on his side.

To stimulate respiratory processes, bring the patient to consciousness and activate blood flow to the head area, let the victim smell ammonia. But do not bring it closer to your nose less than one centimeter. Rub the patient's chest, you can place mustard plasters on the back and chest - this way you stimulate.
Give the patient hot tea and coffee to increase the tone of the nervous system and stimulate breathing.

If necessary, the victim is treated. In this case, for thirty compressions on the sternum area, take two breaths.

Afterwards, it is necessary to lay the patient on his side and warm him thoroughly, protecting him from hypothermia. And of course call ambulance! Such actions consist of providing first aid in case of gas poisoning.

Carbon monoxide poisoning - treatment of the victim

Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning by doctors begins with the use of an antidote -. In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, doctors use one hundred percent oxygen, it is applied at a rate of 10-15 l/min and supplied through a mask adjacent to the face. If the patient is unconscious, specialists perform intubation and transfer the victim to mechanical ventilation (artificial ventilation), again with one hundred percent oxygen.

Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning also involves infusion therapy. It is aimed at correcting hemodynamic disorders and. Patients are given intravenous drips of sodium bicarbonate (soda) - four percentage solution in the amount of four hundred milliliters. Hemodesis or the introduction of polyionic solutions (quartosols, chlosols, acesols) are also carried out.

Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning may involve the use of acyzole, an antidote to carbon monoxide. This remedy helps accelerate the breakdown of aggressive carboxyhemoglobin and promotes the addition of oxygen to hemoglobin. effectively reduces the toxic effects of carbon monoxide on brain cells and the entire body. It is usually used for intramuscular injection, administering one milliliter of the drug as early as possible after the poisoning has occurred. Re-introduction carried out in an hour.

The victims are also prescribed vitamin preparations, they contribute to the recovery of energy costs. The drugs of choice are usually solutions ascorbic acid(five percent in an amount of twenty milliliters) and glucose (forty percent in a volume of sixty milliliters). Such drugs are administered intravenously.

Doctors who treat patients who have suffered carbon monoxide poisoning must be prepared to correct it, as well. Patients may also develop seizures and even coma.

With poisoning mild degree quite possible to cope with outpatient setting. If poisoning of moderate or severe severity occurs, you cannot do without hospitalization.

Carbon monoxide poisoning - treatment at home

You can cope with the consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning using means traditional medicine. Treatment of carbon poisoning at home can be carried out after the patient receives qualified medical care and is allowed to return home.

Treatment after carbon monoxide poisoning with infusion of cranberries and lingonberries. Healers advise combining one hundred grams dried berries with about two hundred grams of lingonberry fruits. Grind them thoroughly and combine with three hundred milliliters of boiling water. Infuse the medicine for two hours, then strain. Take fifty milliliters of cranberry and lingonberry infusion six times a day.

Knotweed infusion - use for carbon dioxide poisoning. To quickly remove aggressive substances from the body, prepare dry. Brew a couple of tablespoons of this crushed raw material with half a liter of just boiled water. Leave for one to two hours, then strain. Take half a glass of the prepared drink twice or thrice a day.

Rhodiola rosea extract - use for carbon dioxide poisoning . To improve the functioning of the body after poisoning, you can prepare an alcoholic extract of Rhodiola rosea. It can be purchased at any pharmacy without a prescription. After carbon monoxide poisoning, you need to take the tincture five to ten drops two or three times a day, dissolving this volume of medicine in a small amount of water. The last appointment must be made no later than seven in the evening. At the same time, you need to take water sweetened with honey.

Decoction of dandelion roots. Dandelion also has excellent antitoxic properties. Brew six grams of dried crushed raw materials with two hundred milliliters of boiling water and boil for a quarter of an hour. Next, infuse the medicine for another half hour. Strain the finished infusion and dilute it with warm, pre-boiled water to the initial volume. Take it one tablespoon three times a day.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is dangerous condition, which requires immediate first aid and adequate therapy under the supervision of doctors.

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Potential sources of danger include cars that are poorly ventilated, the home's stove heating system, various burners, and home fires. You can get carbon monoxide poisoning even in your home if you regularly use faulty heating appliances.

In most cases, poisoning with this gas occurs in winter time years when people actively use various systems heating apartments, houses, cars, garages.

Carbon monoxide has specific feature- it has no color and odor, so it is almost impossible to detect it in a room or car. If a person does not lose consciousness, then only after the symptoms of poisoning appear will he begin to act.

As soon as the gas enters the body through the respiratory tract, it begins to interact with hemoglobin (hundreds of times faster than with oxygen). As a result, hemoglobin ceases to transport oxygen necessary for life support various organs quantity. Carboxyhemoglobin is also formed in the blood. It is what blocks the transfer of oxygen to tissues and cells. This is how hypoxia of the hemic type develops.

In addition, carbon monoxide enters into oxidative reactions and disrupts the biochemical balance in cells.

If a person has experienced carbon monoxide poisoning, but the necessary medical care was not provided to him on time, he may become disabled. In particular, various pathological disorders occur in the brain, which is fraught with psychological and neurological disorders irreversible.

In addition, after some time they may begin to develop serious illnesses, for example, Parkinson's disease, pathologies in intellectual development, paralysis Also, this kind of poisoning of the body greatly affects optic nerves- vision is often partially or completely lost.

Therefore, the sooner the victim is provided qualified assistance, the less serious consequences he will suffer from carbon monoxide poisoning to his health. It is worth noting that on female body this toxic gas is less harmful than on men.

After carbon monoxide poisoning, the patient needs a long course of treatment and rehabilitation. Even if there was a mild degree of intoxication, it is necessary to be observed by a specialist for several weeks. Only with its help will complete and effective therapeutic therapy be provided.

Main causes of carbon monoxide poisoning

All types of devices that operate on the basis of combustible fuel emit carbon monoxide during operation. And if these mechanisms are out of order or damaged, health problems cannot be avoided.

The main dangers are:

• A car if left running indoors. The gas it releases will gradually fill the entire space.
• Various household heating appliances with improper installation or operation.
• Buildings where the chimney does not work properly, carbon monoxide does not pass through the shaft and stagnates in the living quarters.
• Household fires. Frequent cases of poisoning by fumes if a person was in close proximity to the source of the fire.
• Charcoal grill. Harmful gas accumulates in gazebos and enclosed spaces where the device is installed. Therefore, it is imperative to provide the grill with a good ventilation system.
• Scuba gear and other breathing apparatus. It is necessary to carefully ensure that they have a high-quality stock fresh air.

In addition, proper ventilation should be ensured in new houses or apartments. Household carbon monoxide accumulates over time, and if it does not drain naturally, it will cause harm to the body.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

Symptoms of poisoning can appear immediately, immediately after exposure to carbon monoxide, or over many months. In the latter case we're talking about O pathological changes, which occurred due to the hit toxic substance into the body.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning may vary slightly with intoxication varying degrees gravity:

1. Mild poisoning. The victim suffers from vomiting, weakness in the body, and tinnitus. This is the first reaction from the brain, which is experiencing oxygen starvation.
2. Poisoning medium degree . Characterized by short-term memory loss, adynamia, muscle tremors, and movement disorders. May appear color blindness, double vision. A couple of hours after poisoning, disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems are possible. Tachycardia, heart failure, and rapid pulse occur. The victim may lose consciousness, which will predetermine death in the absence of outside help.
3. Severe poisoning. With this form of intoxication, a person may be in comatose throughout the week. The victim experiences irreversible brain damage, frequent seizures and convulsions, the patient does not control the processes of defecation and urination, and hyperhidrosis is noted. The person has ragged breathing elevated temperature body up to 38-39 degrees. Possible death if respiratory paralysis occurs. Doctors can make some survival predictions based on the length and depth of the coma.

In moderate and severe forms of poisoning, the victim may also experience bronchitis and swelling of the respiratory tract. Moreover, the symptoms of the disease do not appear immediately; they develop to the state of pathology within 2-4 days. Also, a few days after poisoning, large amounts of hair loss, profuse rashes and skin irritation are often observed.

Features of the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning

The victim must first be taken out into fresh air. There should be a good draft in the building - open all windows and doors. After this, you must urgently call an ambulance to provide qualified medical care.

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

Before the doctors arrive, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures to alleviate the victim’s condition. Provide assistance for carbon monoxide poisoning slowly, without fuss.

Typically it includes the following procedures:

• Clearing the human respiratory tract. Lay him on his side. Provide fresh air.
• Activation of the respiratory process. It is necessary to stimulate blood flow to the head. To do this, let the patient smell ammonia, but do not bring the substance closer to the nose at a distance of less than 1 centimeter.
• Improvement cerebral circulation. This can be done using mustard plasters or simply rubbing the patient’s chest and back.
• After the person regains consciousness, offer him tea or coffee. A hot drink will help tone the nervous system.

Remember! In any case, the patient should lie on his side to prevent the tongue from sinking or suffocation from vomit.

Drug therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning

Patients with moderate and severe poisoning must be hospitalized. Outpatient treatment possible with a mild form of intoxication.

The main antidote in the treatment of this type of intoxication is 100% oxygen. The required dose is 9-16 liters per minute. It comes through a mask. If the patient is unconscious, intubation is performed and he is transferred to the device artificial ventilation lungs.

Also used in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning infusion therapy, which helps to correct hemodynamic disorders. The essence of this treatment is that the patient is given a course of sodium bicarbonate drips. Polyionic solutions - Kvartasol and Chlosol - are also administered intravenously.

Acizol is also used to eliminate the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning. The drug accelerates the breakdown of harmful carboxyhemoglobin, helps saturate the blood with oxygen, reduces the impact of gas toxins on nerve cells And muscle tissue. Acizol is administered intramuscularly soon after the gas enters the body. Next injection carried out after 60 minutes.

Victims are also prescribed vitamins that will help the body replenish energy costs. Intravenous administration of glucose solution may be prescribed.

Folk remedies to eliminate the effects of gas poisoning

Traditional medicine will help get rid of the serious consequences of carbon monoxide intoxication. But it is worth noting that similar treatment recommended after the victim has received professional help and drug therapy.

Recipes for folk remedies:

1. Cranberry-lingonberry infusion. Required: 150 grams of dried cranberries and 200 grams of lingonberries. The ingredients are thoroughly ground. Afterwards they need to be filled with 350 milliliters of boiling water. The broth should be infused for 2-3 hours, then it should be strained. Medicine Use 5-6 times a day, 2 tablespoons.
2. Knotweed infusion. Helps remove harmful toxins from the body as quickly as possible. Preparation: pour 3 tablespoons of chopped dry herbs into 0.5 liters of boiling water. Leave for 3 hours, strain. Take 1 glass 3 times a day.
3. Alcohol infusion of Rhodiola rosea extract. The tincture can be bought at any pharmacy kiosk. Recommended dosage: dissolve 7-12 drops of extract in a glass of water. Drink half a glass twice a day. You can drink the infusion clean water, sweetened with a little honey.
4. Dandelion root infusion. This plant has excellent antitoxic effects. Pour 10 grams of dry crushed raw materials with 250 milliliters of boiling water. Cook over low heat for 20 minutes. Then let the broth brew for another 40 minutes. Strain, dilute with 100 milliliters of warm boiled water. Drink 3-4 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning

Ignorance of the symptoms of poisoning and the basics of first aid often becomes the reason that intoxication ends in death. Therefore, every person should know what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning, as well as follow simple preventive measures to avoid it.

The rules of prevention are as follows:

• Before use, always check that flammable fuel appliances are in working order. This will help to identify breakdowns in time and maintain health.
• Before you start heating season be sure to check chimneys and ventilation shafts.
• If it doesn't work well indoors ventilation system, always ventilate it well. Take immediate measures to improve ventilation.
• Do not start the car in an unventilated area.
• Never fall asleep in a running car.
• Install a special sensor in your home that detects carbon monoxide leaks.
• Try to spend as little time as possible on busy roads where large cluster cars, especially during rush hours.

What to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning - watch the video:

Carbon monoxide poisoning is easier and safer to prevent by following simple preventive measures. Remember that even in mild case intoxication, consultation with a doctor is required! This will help avoid serious complications who are at risk of being poisoned by this toxic gas.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, very light gas (lighter than air) and odorless. But the “smell of carbon monoxide” is felt due to impurities of organic elements in the fuel. Carbon monoxide appears every time you burn wood in your home. The main cause of carbon monoxide is insufficient quantity oxygen in the combustion area.

The occurrence of waste

Carbon monoxide in the home occurs when carbon is burned due to a lack of oxygen. Combustion of fuel in furnaces occurs in several stages:

1. First, the carbon burns, releasing carbon dioxide CO2;
2. The carbon dioxide then comes into contact with the hot remains of coke or coal, creating carbon monoxide;
3. The carbon monoxide then burns (blue flame) to produce carbon dioxide, which escapes through the chimney.

Without draft in the stove (the chimney is clogged, there is no supply air for combustion, the damper is closed prematurely), the coals continue to smolder without a weak supply of oxygen, so carbon monoxide does not burn and can disperse throughout the heated room, causing a toxic effect on the body and poisoning (carbon monoxide).

Factors of carbon dioxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless, making it very dangerous. The causes of smoke inhalation poisoning can be:

• Malfunctioning fireplace stove and chimney (clogged chimney, cracks in the stove).
• Violation (closing of the stove damper untimely, poor draft, insufficient access to the firebox of fresh air).
• The presence of a person at the source of the fire.
• Car maintenance in a low-ventilated area.
• The use of low-quality air in breathing apparatus and scuba gear.
• Sleeping in a car with the engine running.
• Using a grill with low ventilation.

Signals and signs of poisoning

At a low concentration of gas, the first signs of toxic effects and poisoning may form: lacrimation, dizziness and pain, nausea and weakness, confusion, dry cough, and there may be auditory and visual hallucinations. If you feel the symptoms of poisoning, you need to get out into fresh air as soon as possible.

If you spend a long period of time in a room with a low density of carbon monoxide, symptoms of poisoning occur: tachycardia, difficulty breathing, loss of coordination, drowsiness, visual hallucinations, blue discoloration of the facial skin and mucous membranes, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and there may be convulsions.

At increased concentration- loss of consciousness and coma with convulsions occur. Without first aid, the victim may die from smoke inhalation.

The effects of carbon monoxide in the home on the human body

Carbon monoxide enters through the lungs, contacts hemoglobin in the blood and prevents the transfer of oxygen to organs and tissues. Oxygen starvation affects nervous system and brain function. The higher the carbon monoxide concentration and the longer the period spent in the room, the stronger poisoning and more likely to die.

After poisoning, medical supervision is required for several days, as complications are often observed. Victims with severe poisoning must be hospitalized. Problems with the nervous system and lungs are possible even weeks after the incident. Interestingly, carbon monoxide affects women less than men.

Carbon monoxide detector for home

Poisoning or carbon inhalation can be prevented by using a self-contained carbon monoxide alarm or sensor. If the volume of carbon monoxide in a residential or technical room goes beyond permissible level, the sensor will signal, warning of a threat. Carbon monoxide detectors are electrochemical sensors designed to continuously monitor the level of CO content in a room and respond with light and sound signals to high level concentrations of carbon monoxide in the air.

When you decide to buy a carbon monoxide alarm for your home, pay attention to the features (even if they are similar in appearance) of the devices: an open fire detector and a smoke alarm, a carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide detector reacts to different elements in the air of the room. Carbon monoxide detectors for the home are installed at a height of one and a half meters from the floor (some recommend installing 15–20 cm from the ceiling). The carbon dioxide detector should be placed near the instrument panel or at floor level (carbon dioxide is much heavier than air), and the smoke detector should be on the ceiling.

In many countries, the use of the above sensors is prerequisite, provided for by law to ensure the safety and health of the population. In Europe, only a smoke detector is required. For us, installing a carbon monoxide detector is currently voluntary. Such sensors are generally an inexpensive device, so it is better not to risk your life and buy a carbon monoxide alarm for your home.

How to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning in the house

By following safety rules, smoke inhalation poisoning can be prevented:

— Do not use fuel-burning appliances without sufficient skills, knowledge and tools.

— Do not burn charcoal in a room with poor ventilation.

— Make sure the stove, exhaust and supply ventilation and chimney are working properly.

— On the smoke ducts of wood-burning stoves, it is necessary to install 2 tight valves in series, and on the ducts of stoves operating on coal or peat, only one valve with a 15 mm hole.

— Do not leave a car in the garage with the engine running.

Sensors that signal an increase in carbon monoxide concentration can additionally protect against poisoning, but they should not replace other preventive work.

Carbon monoxide from stove heating

A fireplace or stove with a closed valve and the remains of unburned fuel is a source of carbon monoxide and an invisible poisoner. Assuming that the fuel has completely burned, stove owners close the chimney damper to preserve heat. Smoldering embers with a lack of air create carbon monoxide, which penetrates into the room through unsealed areas of the furnace system.

Also in the chimney, with weak draft and without air supply, chemical underburning of the fuel occurs, and as a result, the appearance and accumulation of carbon monoxide at home.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is chemical substance, which causes acute poisoning. It is dangerous to health and life. Negative influence carbon monoxide on the human body is based on the transformation of the blood composition and damage to the respiratory system. The consequences of poisoning are very severe and often result in death.

Physical and chemical properties of CO (carbon monoxide)

Carbon monoxide is a colorless gaseous substance, without a specific odor, lighter in density than air. Highly flammable.

The substance is very toxic. Because it has no smell. Fatal cases of poisoning are recorded frequently. CO is formed during the combustion of any material and is concentrated in the air. Once in the body, the substance interacts with hemoglobin and forms a strong complex - carboxyhemoglobin. This connection breaks physiological functions blood, blocks the transport of oxygen to tissues. As a result of oxygen starvation, biochemical processes are disrupted.

When a person inhales polluted air, carbon monoxide enters chemical reaction with hemoglobin faster than oxygen. With each breath, the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin increases.

Signs of poisoning appear when hemoglobin is replaced:

• 20% – mild degree of general intoxication;
• 30% – moderate poisoning;
• 40-50% – loss of consciousness;
• 60-70% is a lethal dose.

The higher the CO content in the air, the faster it accumulates in the body. Lethal dose– 0.1% in inhaled air (death occurs within an hour). Carbon monoxide is a toxic substance that belongs to the 2nd and 3rd hazard classes (medium and high). In enclosed spaces, signs of intoxication appear faster than in open areas. Able to physical activity the time of human poisoning is reduced; at rest, the degree of poisoning increases slowly. This is due to the fact that stress on the body increases the breathing rate and lung volume.

Conditions under which a person can get carbon monoxide poisoning

Most often, CO poisoning occurs in enclosed spaces when domestic fires. Residents of private houses with gas or stove heating are at risk. An improperly designed air exchange system (ventilation, draft in chimneys) contributes to the accumulation of substances in the room.

For industrial purposes, carbon monoxide is used for the synthesis of organic compounds. In case of non-compliance and gross violation safety precautions, the risk of poisoning among employees increases.

Carbon monoxide is a component of automobile exhaust. Therefore, you can be poisoned by the substance in a garage with insufficient ventilation, poor ventilation, in long tunnels, long stay close to highways and congested roads.

At home, you can get poisoned if the stove dampers are not closed, or if there is a leak of lighting gas, which is used in heating systems of private buildings. Cases of intoxication due to hookah abuse have been recorded.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

The effect of carbon monoxide on the human body depends on the level of its concentration in the air. A mild degree of damage to the body quickly becomes moderate and is manifested by suffocation and headache. The nervous system is the first to react to a lack of oxygen. Signs of her defeat:

• pain in the cranial cavity of a pulsating nature, pounding in the temples, dizziness, nausea not associated with food intake, single vomiting;
• visual disturbances, lacrimation;
• mental instability, irritability, emotional outbursts, impaired coordination of movements, especially fine motor skills, memory instability, auditory and visual hallucinations;
• decreased mental and physical activity, shortness of breath, chest pain with any movement;
• heart rate increases, blood pressure increases slightly;
• the skin and mucous membranes acquire a bright scarlet color.

Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy, even at low concentrations, leads to the death of the embryo during pregnancy. early stages and fetus in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Mild intoxication is deadly for people with severe heart and vascular diseases.

In case of severe poisoning, the victim develops drowsiness, apathy, constant noise in the ears, headaches become more intense. Due to damage to the nasal mucosa, a profuse runny nose appears. Nausea intensifies, vomiting becomes more frequent. Motor muscles are affected by paralysis due to ataxia - destabilization of coordination motor activity. Breathing becomes frequent and shallow. The person is conscious, but it is confused.

The effects of carbon monoxide on the human body when high concentrations characterized by the following symptoms, which indicate extremely severe poisoning:

• fainting, unconsciousness;
• breathing is periodic, cyclical, rare shallow breaths gradually become more frequent and become deep;
• heart rhythms are depressed, pulse is weak;
• convulsions, seizures;
• pupils react poorly to light;
• sudden bluish discoloration of the skin;
• involuntary urination and uncontrolled bowel movements;
• lack of reflexes, state of deep coma;
• cessation of breathing and heartbeat, death.

First aid to the victim

Before the ambulance arrives, it is important to properly treat the person first aid. When entering the room, open the door wide and support it with any heavy object so that it does not close. Then you should stop the supply of carbon monoxide - close the damper on the stove, turn off the heating system. After this, open all the windows in the room. The air flow will instantly reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide.

Take the victim outside as quickly as possible, free him from restrictive clothing, and cover him with a warm blanket or rug. If the weather is clear outside, it is better to place the person in the sun rather than in the shade. Direct sun rays destroy carboxyhemoglobin.

If the victim is not breathing, begin resuscitation measures - cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

Medical assistance for CO poisoning

Upon arrival of the ambulance, the patient is immediately connected to an oxygen bag. The O2 supply must be continuous and powerful for 3 hours. An emergency doctor is required to administer acyzol to a person, an antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning.

Pharmacological action of the drug:

• prevents the formation of the carboxyhemoglobin complex;
• promotes the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin;
• stabilizes oxygen delivery to tissues;
• reduces body intoxication;
• biotransforms carboxyhemoglobin and removes it from the bloodstream;
• increases stability internal organs To oxygen starvation, reducing the tissue need for O2;
• replenishes zinc deficiency.

Acizol as an antidote for carbon monoxide is administered intramuscularly in a dose of 1 ml. Maximum daily dose should not exceed 4 ml. The course of treatment with the drug is from 7 to 10 days. Side effects no antidote has been identified. Sometimes a painful infiltrate may occur in the area where the drug was administered. In case of overdose, the patient develops metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, headaches.

To stimulate breathing, nervous and vascular system caffeine is prescribed subcutaneously. Action of the drug:

• enhances heart function;
• dilates blood vessels;
• increases heart rate;
• promotes urine separation;
• eliminates headaches.

Carboxylase (an enzyme) helps partially remove carbon monoxide from the body. It promotes the rupture of the carboxyhemoglobin complex and the cleavage of CO molecules from hemoglobin. The drug is administered intravenously.

Complications

Carbon monoxide is highly toxic substance. Therefore, human poisoning in rare cases passes without a trace. Intoxication of the body leads to consequences varying degrees gravity.

Possible complications:

• damage to the sense organs - hearing, vision;
• trophic skin lesions - swelling, blisters, necrosis;
• circulatory disorders in the brain;
• hemorrhages in the space between meninges and cobwebs;
• numerous toxic nerve lesions;
• signs of cerebral edema;
• myocardial infarction;
• myoglobinuric nephrosis – acute failure kidney, which develops with toxic damage organ;
• severe pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs that occurs in a patient during a long stay in a coma.

People who have suffered CO poisoning often experience late complications, after several months or even years. The psyche and nervous system suffer the most.

Patients complain of memory loss, decreased concentration and level of intelligence. The person does not perceive well new information, loses the ability to learn. Psychoses gradually develop - reaction and mental activity person contradicts reality. The perception of the surrounding world is disrupted, behavior is disorganized.

Long-term consequences of damage to the nervous system:

• development of blindness;
• paralysis;
• dysfunction of the large and small pelvic organs;
• parkinsonism.

Over time, such pathologies appear on the part of the heart;

• cardiac asthma;
• inflammation of the membranes of the heart;
• angina pectoris;
• myocardial infarction.

From the respiratory system - frequent outbreaks of pneumonia.

To reduce the likelihood of occurrence severe complications, it is important to provide urgent care in a timely manner medical care and administer the antidote.

The health effects of carbon monoxide always contribute to serious operational failure internal systems and organs. In most cases it leads to the death of a person. Therefore, caution in the operation of heating devices should be paramount. The rules of occupational safety and health must not be neglected. In rooms where there is a risk of increasing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air, you need to install a special sensor to monitor the situation. This device runs on batteries or mains and does not require special maintenance. When a toxic substance increases in the air, it sounds a sound signal.

Carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless. This is simply the result of carbon combustion, which can be harmful to health. A person may lose his ability to work or exhaust his health reserves. Carbon monoxide poisoning is very dangerous and has dire consequences. To date, many cases of CO poisoning have already been recorded. Often poisoning occurs due to trivial safety violations.

The main sources of danger are:

1. Cars with a compromised security system;
2. Home fires;
3. Burners;
4. Furnace system of the premises;
5. Burners.

Poisoning from household and natural gas. Large quantity poisoning occurs during the cold season. This is not strange, because just at this time, people are actively using heating devices, which can cause carbon poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning

The very first symptoms of poisoning:

1. Severe headache;
2. Loss of consciousness and disorientation;
3. Gag reflex.

Some main degrees of poisoning can be distinguished:

• Mild degree of poisoning. It is characterized by severe headaches, vomiting and loss of muscle strength.
• Average degree of poisoning. This degree is similar to the previous one. They can be distinguished by the strength of the consequences. That is, in the average degree of poisoning, the headache is much worse and the body is weaker.
• Severe degree of poisoning. It is characterized severe violations the functionality of the entire body, a person can fall into a coma and, worst of all, such poisoning can lead to death.

First of all, when intoxicated, the brain suffers. The first sign of CO poisoning is headaches and cramps caused by a lack of oxygen. Also, in case of poisoning, instant loss of consciousness is possible.

Then pain appears in chest. This is due to the fact that the body tries to replenish the loss of oxygen in the brain and make up for the loss by increasing muscle contraction. Thus, the heart rate increases. If the loss of oxygen is not replaced in time and the heart does not have enough oxygen, then a heart attack will eventually occur.

Then the lungs suffer. If the body lacks oxygen, the lungs quickly try to make up for its loss. Thus, the lungs receive even more carbon monoxide and quickly lose their functionality.

After all this, human skin begins to suffer. Due to carbon monoxide poisoning and lack of oxygen, the skin experiences a lack of blood circulation, which leads to whitening of the skin.

Forms of poisoning:

1. Fainting - a person begins to sharply lose skin color and loses consciousness. His blood pressure is rapidly decreasing.
2. Euphoric - when the nervous system is affected, hallucinations appear.
3. Lightning - with a saturated concentration of carbon in the air, a person experiences severe oxygen deficiency. Immediately, cramps of the arms and legs occur, the heartbeat quickens and the person faints. No matter how regrettable it may be, but lightning-fast form, toxic substances can cause death, which occurs within one and a half minutes.

Initial Actions for Carbon Poisoning

Initially, it is worth opening air access to the victim. Airways should not be blocked, for this you may have to do artificial respiration. You also need to remove the patient's chest clothing. His chest should be completely free. It is worth noting that if the patient is unconscious, then he needs to be placed on his side in order to eliminate the threat of swallowing his own tongue.

When all this is done, then use ammonia and do everything possible to keep the patient conscious. Then you need to rub his chest and back. All these actions will normalize the person’s condition and bring him to his senses.

Recovery after CO poisoning

The most important thing after poisoning is to treat the body and fill it with oxygen. For 6-7 hours, the patient’s body receives fifteen liters of oxygen per minute. The carbon monoxide poisoning clinic is required to completely restore the oxygen deficiency.
The treatment and recovery itself directly depends on the severity of the poisoning. It often happens that the body requires a blood transfusion. However, be that as it may, if you think that first aid was enough for recovery, you still need to consult a doctor. The fact is that poisoning can appear after a few days. An accidental stroke or heart attack may occur, which can easily lead to death if there is no one nearby to help.

Carbon monoxide is invisible to human eye. That is why, on initial stage it is difficult to determine an accurate diagnosis. When a patient comes to the doctor with such symptoms, the specialist will most likely consider everything as a viral infection. As a result, the disease will be treated completely incorrectly, and medicines from viral infection will contribute to the development of carbon monoxide poisoning. For accurate diagnosis, you need to insist that doctors conduct a blood test. It is worth noting that carbon monoxide poisoning requires complex treatment.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning

It is worth initially noting that the consequences of intoxication can manifest themselves both in the first days and over the next month, when the body’s rehabilitation takes place.

If a person suffered from carbon monoxide, then in the future he may develop many diseases. Very often accompanied by an exacerbation of spasmodic diseases. The sensitivity of the limbs may also decrease significantly. There are cases when a patient experiences hearing loss and cerebral edema, but these are very rare cases.

Further diseases related to brain performance may develop. Memory will disappear, vision will deteriorate, intellectual ability will decrease, and there are even cases when mental disorders. These consequences are explained by the fact that when there is a shortage pure oxygen, the brain initially suffers and the nerve cells in it die off and are no longer restored.

Regarding cardiovascular system, then she is also at risk of illness after poisoning. After a course of treatment, problems with the heartbeat may occur (the rhythm is often lost) and this can ultimately lead to a heart attack or provoke cardiac asthma.
Most often, after a course of treatment, lung diseases may appear. They are the first to bear the blow from carbon monoxide, so they suffer the most harm. The lungs may become inflamed or swollen.

Most often, pregnant women, children and people who are prone to alcoholism suffer after treatment. This list can also confidently include people who have problems with respiratory system and heart. Treatment for dangerous carbon monoxide poisoning is complex procedure, so it is better to prevent the risk of burning.

Prevention after treatment

As mentioned above, carbon monoxide can lead to disastrous consequences. It can lead to health problems and even death. Carbon monoxide has a detrimental effect on the human body and can make him disabled for life. No one is safe from poisoning. There may be a leak in the apartment or a fire may break out. However, to reduce the likelihood of carbon monoxide poisoning to zero, you need to carry out prevention:

1. You should check the ventilation in your home frequently. It is advisable to do this as often as possible, because if it becomes clogged with carbon monoxide, you will slowly be poisoned.
2. Stoves and chimneys should always be in perfect condition. Old equipment can become a source of carbon monoxide.
3. If you decide to install your own stove at home, then it is advisable to use the services of specialists who are able to make a safe design.
4. If you had to sleep in the car, remember to turn off the engine.
5. When you are repairing your car in a closed garage, either open the window or turn off the engine.
6. If you don't want your family to be harmed by carbon monoxide, you can purchase special home identifiers that immediately indicate that there is too much invisible harmful gas in the house.
7. When you have children, there is no need to place flammable materials within their reach. This simple measure safety can eliminate the risk of fire at home.