With severe poisoning. Poisoning

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Not only the taste of the prepared dish depends on the quality of the products. First of all, by buying fresh, properly stored food, we protect ourselves from food poisoning. However, even a careful study of expiration dates before buying and an attractive appearance product is not a 100% guarantee of its quality. You can get poisoned by any food that has been exposed to pathogens and their toxins. Especially often food poisoning occurs in the hot season. The article will tell about what symptoms occur with food poisoning in an adult and what treatment should be carried out in this case.

Features of the pathological condition

Food poisoning refers to acute conditions, the development of which provokes the use of low-quality food (the expiration dates of which have expired, with storage violations, which have undergone inadequate heat treatment), contaminated with pathogens and their toxins. All poisonings related to food are manifested general symptoms- indigestion and signs of intoxication.

What was the pathogen determines the type of poisoning. They are:

microbial or infectious;
non-microbial, also called toxic.

The state of the infectious type occurs when bacteria (staphylococcus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), viruses, protozoa, and mold spores enter the body.

Toxic food poisoning develops under the influence of toxic substances present in foods: when eating inedible mushrooms, berries, herbs, poisonous fish.

When a pathogen enters the body with food, they rapid spread throughout the body. Already after an hour or two from eating poor-quality food, symptoms of poisoning may appear.

Note: food poisoning is sporadic in nature, that is, cases of development are most often isolated. Mass poisoning can occur at banquets and feasts, where the same dishes are consumed by several people. But at the same time, not everyone who ate spoiled food may show signs of poisoning, which is associated with a mosaic accumulation of pathogens and their toxins in food.

What causes poisoning?

The main cause of poisoning is the consumption of food products that have been exposed to pathogens during cooking or further storage. Improper storage means non-compliance temperature regime not only in the refrigerators of grocery stores, but also at home. If cooked food has been left on the table or stove for too long, bacteria can grow in it.

Violation of the integrity of the packaging of products sold in the store leads to their deterioration even if the temperature regime of further storage is observed.

An increased danger is borne by canned food, in case of violation of the production technology of which there is high risk botulism infection. A person who eats such canned food can die.

The probability of poisoning is higher when consumed:

dairy products and milk;
cakes, confectionery with cream;
meat and fish (cooked by cold smoking);
out-of-season fruits;
cooked culinary dishes, especially salads with mayonnaise;
pickled foods.

Important! For the above products, a few hours of storage in inappropriate conditions (outside the refrigerator) is enough for poisoning to occur after their use.

In addition, the reason for the development of food poisoning can be the use of ready-made meals in public catering places (culinaries, restaurants, cafes, street fast foods) prepared by a person suffering from an intestinal infectious disease. Pathogenic microorganisms can get into food from his hands, contaminated dishes. The likelihood of food contamination increases if sanitary standards in the kitchen are not observed. Insects such as flies, cockroaches, ants can carry the infection.

Toxic food poisoning can be the result of eating mushrooms that you have picked yourself. Moreover, the probability of poisoning is not only when eating inedible mushrooms. Even edible mushrooms or chanterelles collected near the roadway or near industrial enterprises may lead to poisoning. Unfamiliar fruits from trees and shrubs also pose a danger. Collecting and eating them is unsafe!

Symptoms

The severity of symptoms may vary, depending on the amount of food eaten, the general health of the person, the speed of first aid. The first signs of food poisoning in adults can appear both in 30-60 minutes and during the first day after eating suspicious foods. Symptoms of food poisoning include:

nausea, turning into vomiting (undigested food particles, gastric juice may be present in the vomit), bouts of vomiting are repeated many times;
increased salivation;
repetitive, liquid stool, watery consistency with a strongly pronounced unpleasant odor;
abdominal pain (sharp, severe spasms are intestinal reactions to bacteria and toxic substances that have entered it);
general malaise, weakness, muscle aches;
dizziness, headaches.

With food poisoning in adults, the increase in body temperature is often insignificant. In some cases, the indicators remain within normal values or rise to 37-37.5 degrees. But with severe poisoning and ingestion into the blood a large number toxins, the temperature can rise up to 40 degrees.

Repeated vomiting and loose, frequent stools lead to fluid loss from the body. Dehydration is a big threat to health, so it is important to constantly replenish lost fluids in case of food poisoning. Severe dehydration is indicated by dryness of the mucous membranes, tight skin of the lips, loss of elasticity of the skin, intense thirst, no urination for more than 3 hours. If the water balance is not replenished, a person may lose consciousness, hallucinations may appear, and pressure may drop significantly.

Symptoms inherent in the pathology can be observed for three days, by the 4th day the severity of manifestations decreases. Weakness, impotence, bloating, lack of appetite can be observed for about a week after recovery.

How to help the patient?

If signs of poisoning appear, you must act quickly. The further course of the disease depends on the speed of providing first aid for food poisoning to an adult. With a quick response, the absorption of toxins into the blood can be stopped, thereby preventing the development of serious consequences.

The first thing to do in case of poisoning is to wash the stomach to remove toxic substances from the body. To do this, you need to drink half a liter of a weak soda-salt solution or a solution of potassium permanganate. You need to drink in one gulp, in large sips. After that, they immediately artificially induce vomiting by pressing the root of the tongue with a finger. Washing is repeated many times (8-10 times) until the stomach is completely cleared, as evidenced by pure water coming out with vomiting.

In the future, it is important to ensure optimal intake of fluid in the body. The patient is soldered with water, herbal teas, compotes. You need to drink in small sips so as not to induce vomiting, but often.

After gastric lavage, the victim is allowed to take Activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight or other available sorbent: Polysorb, Enterosgel, Sorbeks, Smektu.

When the temperature rises, it is necessary to take an antipyretic: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen, MIG.

Further treatment

With a mild course, treatment can be carried out at home. If the patient's condition is severe, hospitalization is required. With repeated vomiting, high fever and signs of dehydration, you need to call an ambulance.

If after washing the stomach the condition returned to normal, you need to observe bed rest, drink a lot, take sorbents.

It is necessary to take solutions for rehydration: Oralit, Humana Electrolyte. Accept antidiarrheals, fixing the chair, is not necessary. WITH frequent bowel movements the body gets rid of toxins.

To normalize the intestinal microflora, the intake of probiotics is indicated or. With severe spasms in the intestines, No-shpa, Spasmalgon can be prescribed.

Diet plays an important role in recovery. Eating food on the first day is undesirable. You can eat from the second day. First, light soups made from vegetables, rice, mashed potatoes(without milk and butter), biscuit cookies, croutons. All indigestible foods are excluded from the diet for 2-3 weeks.

Food poisoning is a fairly common pathological condition. At improper treatment it can lead to serious and dangerous consequences. This disease is especially dangerous for children and pregnant women.. In this article, we examined in detail the symptoms of food poisoning, first aid rules, situations in which you should urgently go to the hospital.

What can cause food poisoning

There are many reasons why acute food poisoning can develop. Any product, if not properly prepared or stored, can be dangerous. for the human body. The following are the main causes and risk factors for developing food intoxication in a person:

Eating foods that have expired. In expired food, putrefactive bacteria begin to multiply, which are capable of producing toxins that cause an intoxication syndrome.
Poisoning with meat and products contaminated with bacteria that cause an intestinal infection in humans, such as salmonellosis, dysentery. Dairy and meat products are especially dangerous.
Wrong and insufficient heat treatment meat, fish and eggs can cause poisoning. Most of the dangerous microorganisms found in these products are killed by prolonged exposure. high temperature.
Storing food at the wrong temperature. Perishable food should only be kept in the refrigerator.
The use of inferior or poisonous mushrooms. Mushroom poisoning is a particularly dangerous and serious condition.
Poisoning with canned food develops when they are infected with botulism. If canned food is swollen, there is plaque on the surface of the food, it is forbidden to use them. Botulism is an infection that affects the food and nervous systems. It can develop only in an environment devoid of oxygen. Rolled canned food is an ideal environment for the growth of botulism.
Refreezing food. All food can only be frozen once. When defrosted and re-placed in the freezer, food becomes dangerous, proteins are destroyed in it, toxins and pathogens are formed.
Poor washing of food or hands before eating or preparing it. Also, poisoning can develop when eating food from dirty dishes.
Cooking by people who are carriers of intestinal infection. They contaminate food with poorly washed hands after going to the restroom. It is for this reason that mass poisoning can occur after visiting catering establishments.

Clinical picture of food poisoning

Signs of food poisoning develop within the first 6 hours after ingestion of poor-quality or contaminated foods. Symptoms of poisoning with chicken, meat and other foods are growing rapidly. With severe intoxication, the patient's condition may worsen within half an hour.

The table below details the main signs of food poisoning, their main features.

Symptoms of food poisoning	Description and characteristics of symptoms
Headache	It develops against the background of intoxication. A person may develop blunt It's a dull pain in the head, accompanied general weakness, dizziness. The skin becomes pale.
Abdominal pain	Pain can be localized around the entire perimeter of the abdomen or in a specific area of it. So, with damage to the gastric mucosa, it is more pronounced in the epigastrium, with inflammation of the pancreas, the pain is shingles. In case of cholecystitis or hepatitis pain syndrome localized in the right hypochondrium. Also at acute poisoning intestinal colic can develop - these are painful spasms that occur around the entire perimeter of the intestine.
Nausea and vomiting	Very rarely, poisoning occurs without vomiting. This symptom is defensive reaction body, which is aimed at cleansing the body of low-quality toxic food. The vomit may consist of food debris. Vomit gastric juice and bile is characteristic of severe intoxication, pancreatic lesions. After vomiting, nausea subsides for a while, the patient feels better. In case of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms, vomiting can be central genesis, occur due to irritation by toxins of the vomiting center, which is located in the brain. Such vomiting does not bring relief, most often it develops without nausea.
Diarrhea	Diarrhea with food poisoning can be repeated, frequent and profuse. With salmonellosis stool foam and have green tint. In the case of dysentery, inclusions of mucus and blood streaks can be seen in the stool. Diarrhea is often accompanied by abdominal cramps and large amounts of intestinal gas
hyperthermia	Body temperature during an intestinal infection can rise to 39 degrees. Hyperthermia is also characteristic of some complications of intestinal poisoning (gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis). Light poisoning can occur at normal, unchanged body temperature.
Tachycardia	With severe poisoning and severe dehydration, an increase in heart rate develops. The heart rate may exceed 120 bpm. There is a relationship between pulse rate and hyperthermia. With an increase in body temperature by 1 degree, the heart begins to contract by 10 beats per minute. faster.
Respiratory failure	The sick person begins to breathe more frequently and shallowly. Such changes are caused by intoxication syndrome. Mixed dyspnea may develop.
Change of consciousness	At severe intoxication or in case of poisoning with mushrooms, impaired consciousness may occur. The patient may become drowsy, lethargic, lethargic. In the absence of timely assistance, it can be loaded into a sopor or coma. It is also possible the occurrence of hallucinations and convulsive seizures, similar to an epileptic seizure.

Description and manifestation of possible complications of food poisoning

Food poisoning can lead to severe complications from the internal organs. The risk of their development decreases in the case of a minimum period of time between the onset of the first symptoms and treatment.

List pathological conditions that can aggravate food poisoning, is presented below:

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which can be triggered by toxins and bacteria that have come in with spoiled food. When gastritis develops heartburn, vomiting, pain in the stomach, belching. Body temperature may rise.
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Especially often this complication develops with abuse fatty foods, alcohol. Acute pancreatitis is treated only by surgery. It is typical for him sharp rise temperature, the appearance of girdle pain in the abdomen and purple spots in the navel.
Acetonemic syndrome - an increase in the level of ketone bodies in the blood. This condition develops mainly in children under 10-12 years of age. A characteristic symptom is the appearance of the smell of acetone from the mouth and from the urine of the child. Acitonemic syndrome is accompanied by damage to the pancreas.
Infectious-toxic shock is a critical condition that occurs against the background of severe intoxication and severe dehydration. The patient's blood pressure drops sharply, shortness of breath, tachycardia occurs, consciousness may be disturbed.
Acute renal failure can develop with the use of poisonous mushrooms. It is characterized by the development of anuria (lack of urine) and edema throughout the body. The patient has bad smell out of the mouth, the skin may turn yellow.
Gastrointestinal bleeding most often occurs with poisoning in people who are sick peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis. Abundant vomiting and toxins can disrupt the integrity of the vessel in the submucosal ball of the stomach or duodenum. For internal bleeding characterized by black vomit and diarrhea, pale skin, tachycardia, lowering blood pressure, hypothermia.
Violation of the liver or gallbladder is manifested painful sensations in the right hypochondrium, nausea, yellowness of the skin, temperature.

The basics of first aid before the arrival of doctors

With the development of the first symptoms of food poisoning emergency medical attention should be called immediately. By phone, inform the dispatcher of the patient's symptoms, name your exact location.

Remember that if it is not possible to call a doctor at home, you need to urgently go to the hospital yourself. Self-medication of poisoning is very dangerous. Only an experienced doctor can accurately diagnose and prescribe the correct, effective treatment so contact him for help as soon as possible.

Immediately after calling the doctors, you need to start providing self help . It can help relieve intoxication, remove some of the toxins. In the case of severe poisoning, the prognosis of the survival of the injured person depends on first aid.

The main components of first aid are listed below.

Gastric lavage

Cleansing of the stomach should be carried out as soon as possible after the appearance of the first clinical signs food poisoning. This procedure helps to stop the increase in intoxication and remove the remnants of spoiled food, the toxins of which have not yet entered the bloodstream.

For self-purification of the stomach at home, you should drink a liter of ordinary clean water at a neutral temperature in one gulp. Then you need to provoke a gag urge. This can be done in a “folk” way by pressing with your two fingers on the back of the tongue. In order to completely flush the gastric cavity, you need to repeat this procedure several times.

Remember that gastric lavage is strictly prohibited in the development of dark vomiting, impaired consciousness of the patient.

Previously, it was believed that cleansing the stomach is best done on the basis of a solution of potassium permanganate. According to recent research, this substance is ineffective and dangerous, can cause burns to the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus.

Colon cleansing with an enema

Enema is carried out on the basis of plain water. It is made to clean intestinal waters. The temperature of the water for washing should be at room temperature. Use of cold or warm water enema is prohibited.

Colon cleansing is effective method rapid elimination of toxins from the body and pathogenic microorganisms causing poisoning.

Plentiful drink

After washing the patient's stomach, you need to start unsoldering a simple or mineral water without gases. You need to drink little and often, a sip every 5 minutes. This is necessary to prevent new vomiting attacks, which at this stage of assistance will only worsen the person's condition and increase dehydration.

Sorbents

For food poisoning you can take any sorbents, such as polysorb, activated carbon, enterosgel, smectu, atoxyl. Preparations of this group quickly cleanse the intestines of toxins and pathogenic bacteria. They also reduce the severity of diarrhea, thereby preventing the loss of body fluid and the development of infectious-toxic shock.

Before taking any sorbents, you should check their expiration date and read the rules for calculating the dosage in the instructions.

What to do with the onset of gastrointestinal bleeding

If the patient has black or bloody vomiting, dark stools (melena), you need to send him to bed, place an ice pack on the stomach area.

Remember that if you suspect the development gastrointestinal bleeding It is forbidden for the patient to drink any liquid or medication. Such actions can increase damage to the vascular wall and increase the amount of blood lost.

Actions in case of loss of consciousness

With impaired consciousness, the patient should be placed on a flat surface. He needs to raise his legs up, and turn his head to the side. Before the arrival of the doctors, you should constantly check the presence of pulse and breathing, in their absence - immediately begin to conduct a closed indirect massage hearts.

medical treatment

Ambulance doctors will conduct a quick examination of the patient and begin to treat the poisoning. First health care consists of:

droppers to help get rid of dehydration;
drugs to eliminate nausea, abdominal pain;
improving the functionality of the heart and the regulation of pressure, respiratory rate.

After the patient's condition stabilizes, he is immediately taken to the hospital (infection unit or intensive care unit). There he is provided with qualified medical assistance, further treatment is prescribed. Also, in parallel with therapy, an examination is carried out, which helps to determine the cause of the disease, make a diagnosis and choose the right treatment.

The length of stay in the hospital depends on the severity of the patient's condition. and his response to treatment. Only mild poisoning can be quickly cured, in which a person began to be treated in a timely manner and consulted a doctor.

Hospital treatment consists of:

bed rest;
diets;
drinking regime;
droppers;
antibiotics (for intestinal infection);
administration of anti-botulinum serum (with laboratory confirmation of botulism);
enzymes;
antispasmodics;
sorbents;
hemodialysis - with intoxication with poisonous mushrooms;
treatment of complications of poisoning.

After poisoning, a diet is prescribed and drug therapy, the action of which is aimed at restoring the digestive system. In this period shows enzymes, probiotics, hepatoprotectors. After discharge from the hospital, the doctor gives the patient recommendations on nutrition and regimen, may prescribe medications, and will name the date of the control visit.

Treatment of poisoning in adults at home

How to treat food poisoning at home? Diet and drugs are prescribed by a family or district therapist. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. All drugs must be agreed with the doctor.

The main components of home treatment are listed below.

Bed rest

During the treatment of poisoning the patient needs complete rest. You can not attend school, work, do household chores or sports.

Lie down in a well ventilated area. Wet cleaning should be carried out every day.

Diet and drink

Dietary nutrition is the basis of treatment. It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks, smoking. It is necessary to refuse rich, smoked, fatty and spicy foods.

You need to eat little and often. The size of a single serving should not exceed the size of the palm of the patient. You can eat:

rice, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
chicken bouillon;
lean chicken meat;
bananas, baked apples;
dried White bread and biscuit cookies;
stewed or boiled vegetables.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor for an intestinal infection. Their must be taken strictly according to the scheme.

Antispasmodics

These drugs are taken when there is pain in the abdomen. They help remove intestinal colic and flatulence. Antispasmodics: no-shpa, drotaverine, platifillin.

Enzymes

Enzymes are prescribed to regulate digestion and pancreas function. They are taken with meals. Preparations: Creon, Mezim, Pancreatin.

Probiotics

These medicines are prescribed for recovery intestinal microflora after poisoning and taking antibiotics. Preparations: linex, bifidumbacterin.

Prevention of poisoning

Constant prevention of poisoning will help you protect yourself and loved ones from this disease. The following are guidelines to be followed at all times:

When buying or using food, check the production date, inspect the packaging for integrity. It is desirable to smell meat and fish.
Buy food only from official and licensed outlets. Forget about spontaneous markets forever.
Wash your hands, utensils and food thoroughly.
Store food properly. Perishable foods should be kept refrigerated.
Do not refreeze meat or fish. This can lead to the growth of putrefactive bacteria in it.
Do not buy ready meals. It is best not to be lazy and cook your own food. Only in this way will you know what, how and under what conditions it is made.

Food poisoning in adults can occur for a variety of reasons. His treatment should be taken seriously. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, call ambulance. While the doctors are coming, wash the patient's intestines and stomach, give water and sorbents to drink. Mild poisoning can be treated at home with diet and medication prescribed by your doctor. Do not self-medicate. Take care of your health.

If in human body poisons, toxins get in, a disorder of normal life activity occurs - poisoning. This condition can be caused by poor-quality food, alcohol, pesticides, carbon monoxide, mushrooms, and many other factors. In order to recognize the complication in time and provide first aid, you need to know the main symptoms.

The first signs of poisoning

Always gets worse when sick general well-being person. The first symptoms appear in the period from 2 to 24 hours after the ingestion of toxins:

sharp, sometimes unbearable, abdominal pain;
nausea;
frequent vomiting;
diarrhea, fetid watery stools with particles of undigested food;
bloating;
spasms;
low blood pressure;
weakness;
hallucinations, double vision.

Temperature

An invariable symptom when toxins and poisons enter the blood is an increase in temperature. In this state, metabolism begins to accelerate, microcirculation improves, blood vessels expand. In this way, the body tries to kill pathogenic microbes, creating unfavorable conditions for them. At the same time, a person becomes covered with sticky sweat, feels dizzy.

The temperature rises gradually, slowly bringing the person to feverish state. The fastest rate increases with food poisoning. If the thermometer shows less than 38.5 degrees, nothing needs to be done. The fever can last from 1 to 5 days. If the temperature rises above 39 degrees, lasts more than a day, it is necessary to take an antipyretic.

How long does it take for poisoning to show up?

The rate of onset of symptoms depends on the type harmful substance and its dosage. If a person has eaten toxic mushrooms, for example, fly agaric, galerina, complete absorption occurs at least 4 hours later, after which the first symptom appears - diarrhea. Less time for the manifestation of symptoms is spent when a large amount of sleeping pills, for example, Zolpidem, is ingested - from 30 minutes to 2 hours. With food poisoning, the main symptoms appear within a day, the first - in the period from 1 to 6 hours.

Dizziness

The symptom does not have any pronounced features, is not decisive in the diagnosis. Dizziness during poisoning can persist throughout the illness, aggravated by a change in body position. The symptom has a non-systemic character, the severity depends on many factors. If a person has defeat vestibular apparatus, dizziness may remain even after the consequences of the disease have been eliminated.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning

For a person, pale grebe, fiber, cobweb, pig, false mushrooms are especially dangerous. Symptoms appear 1.5-2 hours after consumption. Diarrhea occurs, then the condition returns to normal for a while, after 2-3 days yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes occurs. At the same time, the hands become cold, the temperature rises. Specific Symptoms with mushroom poisoning certain types:

Pale grebe causes convulsions, abdominal pain, very large stools, heart failure, coma.
Talkers, red fly agaric lead to constriction of the pupils, lacrimation, slow heartbeat, shortness of breath, bronchial spasms, hallucinations.
Other types of fly agaric (panther, smelly), false mushrooms cause delirium, severe hallucinations.
Morels lead to convulsions, loss of consciousness, toxic damage liver, manifested by yellowness of the skin.

carbon monoxide

In our country, oxygen oxide intoxication is very common, often leading to death. There are many sources of danger, from stoves in private homes to all kinds of burners, heating appliances. Signs of gas poisoning in adults:

At the first degree, general weakness is manifested, headache, vomiting, spasms. This is how the brain responds to oxygen starvation.
With an average degree indicated symptoms poisonings intensify, in addition to them, there is a disorder of vision, hearing, confused consciousness. Due to the lack of oxygen, increased cardiac activity begins, chest pains appear, and a heart attack is possible. Lung function is impaired, as a result of which shallow breathing appears.
Severe degree is characterized by trophic disorders of the skin, acute kidney failure, respiratory arrest. Cerebral edema, coma develops. Areas of skin with poor circulation become whitish.

Signs of food poisoning

The disorder often occurs when eating poor-quality food, products that are expired or stored in violation of sanitary standards. The severity of symptoms depends on the amount of toxins in the food eaten. Signs may differ in adults and children.

Symptoms in adults

Food poisoning is characterized by a short incubation period. The first manifestations can begin within 30 minutes. General signs food poisoning in adults:

painful nausea;
gradual increase in body temperature to 39 degrees or more;
general weakness, malaise;
frequent vomiting;
diarrhea;
chills;
dizziness;
pallor skin;
profuse salivation;
sharp pains in a stomach;
sticky sweat.

Signs in a child

In children, toxins are absorbed faster from the mucous membranes, and the body cannot fully resist external factors. Acute reaction can cause even those products that did not harm the rest of the family. In a child, the disease is more severe than in adults, often caused by Escherichia coli. Symptoms of food poisoning in children:

vomiting, frequent stools;
stomach ache;
a significant increase in temperature;
lethargy, weakness;
lack of appetite;
headache;
dry skin due to dehydration;
reduced blood pressure;
pointed facial features;
allergic rash on the skin.

Symptoms of mercury poisoning with a broken thermometer

A very fragile device is a thermometer, which, if handled carelessly, can break. Poisoning can occur when mercury balls are ingested or if its vapors are inhaled for a long time. Symptoms of mercury vapor poisoning:

headache;
vomit;
nausea; stool disorder;
swollen, bleeding gums;
taste of metal in the mouth;
painful swallowing.

To avoid poisoning after the fall of the thermometer, you must quickly collect the balls of mercury. It is convenient to do this with a syringe or a brush, it is better to collect it in a jar of water.It is advisable to take the collected mercury to specialized institutions.

Signs of alcohol intoxication

Among household diseases, the leading position is occupied by complications after taking alcoholic beverages, often resulting in death. If you suspect alcohol poisoning, symptoms may include:

Emotional arousal, increased physical activity. The person stays as if in euphoria, moving away from all problems.
Redness of the skin, mostly on the face.
Pain in the stomach associated with the damaging effect of ethanol contained in alcohol.
Nausea, vomiting.
Increased sweating.
Dilated pupils due to the action of ethanol on the nervous system.
Impaired thermoregulation.
General weakness.
Low pressure.
Violation of the water-mineral balance: increase or decrease in urination.
Pain in the right hypochondrium due to damage to the liver.
Breathing is noisy, rapid.
Inability to perceive reality.

Symptoms of ammonia poisoning

Ammonia is used as a stimulant in fainting. Inhalation of sharp vapors brings consciousness back. Prolonged contact may cause poisoning. Signs:

lacrimation;
increased sweating;
vomit;
dizziness;
sneezing
cough;
convulsions;
hoarse voice;
sore throat;
feeling of suffocation;
stomach ache;
hyperemia.

First aid for poisoning

With the appearance of vomiting, severe pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, you need to call a doctor, if the condition is serious - an ambulance. Before the arrival of specialists, it is necessary to start removing toxins from the body:

If there was no vomiting, it must be artificially induced. Help strong solution soda or irritation of the palatine uvula.
Drink plenty of fluids, preferably pure water. Teas, fruit drinks are allowed.
Take sorbents - Smektu, activated carbon.
In case of poisoning with vapors, a person must be taken to Fresh air, give a sniff of ammonia, offer to rinse your mouth with a solution of soda.

Learn more about how it works and urgent care.

Video

People quite often prefer to be treated at home, and for any illness, if their condition is not entirely critical, and even during food poisoning, home treatment is more the norm than the exception.

Direct poisoning itself is acute disorder in the digestive system, malfunction of the intestines and stomach, which is caused by the ingestion of poor-quality or spoiled products.

It is not difficult to recognize this unpleasant ailment, it is difficult to ignore it. But, quite often, especially in the summer, people confuse a simple intestinal ailment with it.

signs

Of course, clinical picture this unpleasant disease can have individual characteristics, depending on the health, the toxin that has entered the body and, mainly, the age of the affected person. But general symptoms and signs of food poisoning in children and adults are the same:

long severe nausea, a person literally “turns out”;
muscle spasms in the stomach and intestines;
uncontrollable vomiting;
diarrhea or diarrhea with pain in the intestines and a specific "sick" smell;
rapid growth body temperature indicator;
general weakness, especially in children, it can be difficult to just get out of bed;
dizziness, sometimes incoordination and fainting, which is caused by dehydration;
sharp drop pressure, this is typical mainly for the elderly;
shaking, convulsions and other manifestations of disorders in the functions of the nervous system caused by general destabilization in the body.

Types of poisoning

Before independent actions aimed at treating food poisoning and their consequences, it must be remembered that the classification of this ailment implies two types:

Acute food toxicosis and toxicological infections.
Toxic species poisoning.

People get the first type of illness through the fault of poor-quality or expired, spoiled products, food contaminated with various microorganisms. Often, food poisoning of a microbial or bacteriological type can manifest itself in a "response" to non-observance of normal hygiene and basic sanitation, such as washing hands before eating.

This is what becomes common cause poisoning during snacks along the way, products fast food, all kinds of burgers, shawarma and the rest of the assortment of stalls. It is quite possible to cope with this type of ailment on your own, turning to a doctor only if necessary, if the indigestion is extremely difficult.

Poisoning of non-microbial origin, belonging to the second type, occurs when poisons and poisonous substances enter the body. toxic substances, for example, when eating inedible mushrooms, berries or chemicals, the same pills.

If there is an idea that the disorder can be precisely for such reasons, you need to urgently consult a doctor. Intoxication, which is not bacterial in nature, is not treated at home, only under the supervision of specialists in stationary conditions.

Also, if poisoning occurs during breastfeeding for both mother and baby, medical professional assistance is a must. This situation does not allow self-treatment, since they can harm both the mother and the baby.

First aid

Faced with misfortune, people are often lost and may not immediately figure out how to act and what to do in case of food poisoning in the first place.

The main thing for first aid for food poisoning is to wash the victim's stomach. While the stomach is full guilty of disorder food products, intoxication of the human body continues and its condition, accordingly, worsens.

It is quite simple to free the body from the remnants of food:

drink from one and a half to two liters of warm water;
wait a few minutes;
induce vomiting;
repeat until no more food comes out.

Instead of empty water, it makes sense to use a manganese solution, it helps additionally by disinfecting the stomach and esophagus walls. It is important that the resulting mixture be light, that is, the main thing when preparing this solution is not to overdo it with the amount of potassium permanganate.

In adults - a tablespoon per couple of liters of warm water.
The child has a dessert spoon or one and a half teaspoon per two liters, but at a time the baby will drink only a liter to induce vomiting.

The point in using soda is that it washes away the mucosa already containing toxins from the walls of the esophagus and stomach. But, quite a few people do not tolerate soda, and if its amount in solution is exaggerated, there is a risk of provoking the manifestation of gastritis.

Treatment

After the stomach is washed, it is necessary to start treatment. The main treatment for food poisoning at home is the intake of sorbents.

The most famous, affordable and in demand of them is, of course, activated carbon. The composition of this unique and very ancient medicine of completely natural origin:

coke products;
recycled wood;
shells of walnuts, hazelnuts, coconuts and other nuts.

This sorbent can be given to pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding (gf) can be given to a child. But, as with any drug, it is important to correctly calculate the dosage.

This drug dosed elementarily - 1 tablet for every 10 kg of a person's weight, pregnant and lactating 1.5 charcoal pucks per 10 kg.

How to treat charcoal poisoning is also not difficult:

Calculate the required number of tablets, taking into account the weight and general condition of the sick person.
Mash the coal, dilute the resulting powder in half a glass of warm water, a larger volume of water will provoke nausea.
Drink the medicine 4-6 times a day for three days, and in the future - depending on the patient's well-being, the most for a long time for the withdrawal of toxic substances and the normalization of digestion - this is one week.

It is not necessary to crush the tablets, but given the esophagus weakened by vomiting and difficulties in the swallowing reflex, it will be easier for the sick person to take the solution than hard washers.

Occurs with any disease situational tasks sometimes require quick decision, even if it eating disorder. For a quick, safe and non-bed rest solution to the problem, you can take a sorbent alternative to the usual coal - white coal.

Its dosage is for an adult from 2 to 5 tablets at a time 2-3 times a day, when taking, you need to focus on the severity of the condition.

Here's what else to take when treating at home is necessary for more get well soon:

lactofiltrum;
smecta;
enterosgel.

These drugs also have a sorbent effect, and their intake must be carried out, guided by the instructions attached to the drugs. However, no matter what drugs are chosen, one should always read the paragraphs in the annotations that tell how the drugs are combined with each other.

After the first needed help, treatment is determined and started, a number of other questions arise:

When and what you can eat after poisoning.
After how many hours the effect of the treatment appears.
What else needs to be done to help the poisoned organism.

The answer to these questions is also easy.

As a rule, in the first day, the patient does not want and cannot eat. To maintain the body, it will be very useful to drink vegetable or cereal broths, without spices, slightly salted.

As soon as such a symptom as vomiting disappears, you need to start eating - liquid mashed potatoes, the same gruel from other vegetables, liquid cereals on the water - rice or buckwheat. Food should be lean, free of oil and flavors, easy to swallow and digest.

In how you need to eat on the first day after poisoning and at the beginning of the second day, experts do not have a common opinion, but agree on prohibitions:

Nothing extreme is allowed - pickles or marinades will lead to severe spasms.
All dairy food is banned - it will return diarrhea and nausea.

Gradually, with the improvement of well-being, food should become more familiar. Usually, by the end of the week, food after poisoning is no longer relevant.

What can you eat after poisoning and what is better to drink:

Tea without sugar.
Cereal and vegetable broths without oil and spices.
Liquid vegetable purees and cereals.
Decoctions of chamomile, wild rose or St. John's wort.
Mineral water without gas.
Crackers or cookies without butter, sugar, additives - homemade is better.
Blueberry or cherry jelly, preferably unsweetened.
By the end of the third day, boiled chicken and chicken broth.

It is impossible in the first 3-4 days:

Dairy.
Meat.
Eggs.
Salted and marinated.
Apples and other fruits.

An obligatory moment in the patient's diet is drinking, because the process of intoxication leads to severe dehydration. It is very good to drink often in small quantities a decoction of rose hips - this is a product that helps to recover and has an independent healing effect.

Preventive measures

Prevention of food poisoning and intestinal infections becomes relevant for any person who has ever experienced a very unpleasant moments food or drink poisoning.

The actions to be taken on a subconscious level and made into a habit are simple:

Wash hands - before eating and preparing food, during cooking, when changing products, after returning from the street or using the toilet.
In the hot season, it is better to use disposable paper towels in the kitchen or change woven ones daily.
Carefully get acquainted with the expiration dates and storage conditions of all purchased products, for example, many ketchup spoils without a refrigerator.
It is good to work out meat, poultry, fish and eggs - a steak with blood, of course, is beautiful, but it can put you to bed with a diagnosis, after which there comes a completely unromantic pastime.
Do not forget to change the washing sponges without waiting for them to wear out, but it is better to wash the dishes with brushes, which are then rinsed from food debris.
To ensure and make a habit of hygiene and sanitation not only in the kitchen, but in general in everyday life and behavior.
Do not eat in dubious establishments or on the go, with dirty hands.
Do not drink juices whose packaging is swollen.

Food poisoning and its prevention are today a hot topic for doctors, teachers in schools, educators and nannies in kindergartens and simply in many families. However, it is important not only to know preventive measures but also observe them in order to avoid unpleasant consequences.

Video: food poisoning.

food infections

However, as well as poisoning, symptoms of any of the following diseases may appear:

Dysentery.
Salmonellosis.
Botulism.
Orthoviruses.
intestinal flu.
Enteroviruses.
Rotaviruses.
Typhoid fever.

These diseases require hospitalization, but their first manifestations are disguised as simple poisoning by spoiled food. You need to start worrying and call doctors when:

not passing at all measures taken vomiting for more than three hours;
diarrhea with blood;
diarrhea lasting over six hours;
raising the temperature to 38 and not falling below 37 during the day;
not passing severe pain in the intestines;
progressive weakness and fainting.

Also, doctors should always immediately be called to babies under five years old, pregnant women and very elderly people.

While food poisoning can be successfully treated at home, it's always best to be on the safe side and avoid it by following basic sanitation practices and using the usual precautions.

If after eating you suddenly feel a sharp pain in the stomach, nausea or dizziness, then know that one of the most common causes of such symptoms is food poisoning. This problem occurs after eating foods that have been contaminated with bacterial poisons or impurities of various chemical substances. From our article, you will learn about the symptoms of food poisoning, their causes, the development of the disease, as well as the provision of urgent medical care for food poisoning to the patient and measures that help prevent such situations.

Types of food poisoning

All food poisoning can be divided into two large groups: bacterial and non-bacterial. The first group includes problems caused by bacterial poisons, viruses and bacteria. Non-bacterial food poisoning in children and adults occurs due to the ingestion of chemicals or after the use of poisonous mushrooms and herbs. Given the many causes of food poisoning, it's not surprising to see the variety of symptoms. Patients may experience stomach pain, suffer from constant vomiting, nausea and high fever, and in the most severe cases - from renal, hepatic and neurological syndromes. They call serious complications therefore, any suspicion of food poisoning should be treated as soon as possible. It is desirable that the patient be given first aid before the arrival of doctors. We will tell you how to do this in the corresponding section of our article.

For now, let's take a closer look at bacterial poisoning. As a rule, they are provoked by eating food that contains pathogenic microbes and toxins. The causative agents of food poisoning are: Proteus, Klebsiella, Clostridium, Staphylococcus aureus, strains of Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. They accumulate in food in case of violation of sanitary and hygienic standards in food production enterprises, as well as in case of improper transportation and storage. It should be noted that food poisoning, the symptoms of which usually appear almost immediately after eating poor-quality food, can develop even with prolonged heat treatment of food. This is due to the fact that staphylococci and many other types of microbes are resistant to boiling and feel good when exposed to high temperatures.

How can you tell if food is contaminated? First of all, you should pay attention to its smell, taste and color. Spoiled food products emit a specific unpleasant odor and have sour taste. In addition, they change the consistency. One of obvious signs unsuitable products are and gas bubbles. They are especially visible on the surface of milk and other liquid foods. However, signs of food poisoning can appear even after eating foods with normal organoleptic qualities. This situation occurs, for example, in cases where toxins enter the body with food prepared by an infected person.

Symptoms of food poisoning

The clinical picture of food poisoning depends on the type of pathogens and the amount eaten. junk food. The most common signs of food poisoning are:

temperature increase;
loss of appetite;
liquid stool;
constant calls to defecate;
blurred vision;
nausea, vomiting;
increased salivation;
individual disorders in the work of the central nervous system or a complete failure of the entire nervous system, which often happens with botulism.

The first symptoms of food poisoning appear within 30-40 minutes after eating contaminated food. Within 2-3 next days they are growing. During this period, the patient should be given urgent help with food poisoning. Otherwise, there is a very real risk lethal outcome or development severe complications which can lead to disability and loss of working capacity. Infections such as botulism and listeriosis are especially dangerous in this regard. The first is characterized by extremely rapid progression, and the second by the absence of visible symptoms of food poisoning. In pregnant women, listeriosis leads to fetal pathologies and early birth of a child, so expectant mothers should be very careful about the choice of food.

First aid for food poisoning

If there are suspicions that nausea, vomiting and other warning symptoms are caused by food poisoning, you should immediately do a gastric lavage with a weak solution of manganese or soda. Rinsing is done until clean water comes out. Also, a patient with food poisoning should drink activated charcoal with it. large quantity liquids. It is better to refuse carbonated drinks in favor of fruit drinks or tea. Plentiful drink help compensate for the dehydration that inevitably develops with severe vomiting and diarrhea.

At present, with food poisoning, as well as with severe alcohol intoxication modern sorbents are used, one of which is White coal. The drug effectively absorbs toxins and removes toxins, but does not remove necessary for the body useful material. What is especially worth noting is that White coal is a “concentrated” sorbent and instead of a handful of black coal familiar to many, you can drink only 1-2 white tablets.

After gastric lavage, in case of food poisoning, the patient must be kept calm, apply a heating pad to his legs and wait for the doctors to arrive. You can give the patient sulfonamides (ftalazol, sulgin) or antibiotics. Remember only that if food poisoning develops in children, the intake of any potent drugs must be agreed with specialists.

Prevention of food poisoning

You can minimize the risk of food poisoning if you follow simple but effective rules:

maintain cleanliness in the kitchen and living quarters;
follow the basic rules of personal hygiene;
eat only products from well-known, well-established manufacturers;
store perishable foods in the refrigerator;
comply with the requirements established by manufacturers, in particular, consume open canned food within the specified date;
keep trash cans closed;
thoroughly wash the products before use and do not forget about their heat treatment.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article: