Normal human pressure: main indicators by age. normal blood pressure in humans

On the general state a person is affected by blood pressure. For each level of pressure is individual, but in physiology there is a certain range, which is considered the norm. Large deviations from the established indicators worsen health, which can lead to disability. These figures are affected by many factors such as external influence, and certain diseases. In this article will be discussed what is the norm blood pressure in adults, the table will help you visually see the acceptable indicators for a certain age category.

What is blood pressure - general information about this indicator

Blood pressure is one of the most important indicators in the human body, it indicates the pressure that blood exerts on the vascular walls. This force is greatest in large arteries because they contain the most blood and top speed blood flow. The principle of operation is as follows: when the ventricles of the heart contract, a certain volume of blood is ejected into the bloodstream, however, the elastic vascular walls resist this process. Since the heart works constantly, the pressure in the vascular bed increases when blood flow is pumped. However, when the heart muscle relaxes, the pressure indicator also decreases.

During the measurement, a person always receives two values:

the first indicator is the upper or systolic pressure, which is measured during contraction of the heart muscle (systole);
the second indicator is the lower or diastolic pressure, which is determined during the relaxation of the ventricles of the heart and filling them with blood (diastole);
pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic readings.

Both of these values are very important for the full functioning of the body. If there is a change in these indicators or in one of them, then the general condition of a person may worsen.

Initially, blood pressure was measured quite painfully and in an unpleasant way. A needle was inserted into a blood vessel to a person, and a tube and a measuring device were attached to it, which determined blood pressure inside the vessel.

However, over time, a special tonometer was invented, with which it was possible to accurately, and most importantly, painlessly determine blood pressure. A special rubber tube is attached to the mercury tonometer, which connects it to the cuff. In addition, another tube is attached to the cuff; a rubber pear is fixed at its end. The principle of operation is quite simple, with a pear it is necessary to pump air into the cuff until the vessels are completely squeezed. After that, it is necessary to gradually bleed the air to relieve the pressure. At this time, with the help of a stethoscope on the elbow bend, the pulse is clearly audible. The beginning of the tones indicates the level systolic pressure, and the end is diastolic. This device is also actively used by modern doctors, as it is able to accurately show the level of blood pressure.

To date, experts have electronic devices. They are very convenient for home use. The device consists of a cuff and a special sensor, which has a small screen built into it. A person just needs to put the cuff on his forearm, press the button and after a while the measurement results will appear on the display.

How to measure blood pressure: basic rules

The pressure indicator can be influenced by many environmental factors. However, in order to obtain accurate data, a person needs to take into account some important points:

eliminate physical and emotional stress, 15 minutes before the start of the study must be spent in calm state at a comfortable temperature;
one hour before the measurement, the consumption of food, as well as tonic drinks, is prohibited;
Do not smoke before the procedure.

A person must adhere to the above rules. When measuring blood pressure, it is important to follow the established recommendations that will help to obtain accurate data and provide the person with appropriate medical care. The rules for measuring blood pressure are quite simple:

a person should sit on a chair with a back so that the back has a reliable support;
it is forbidden to cross your legs at the time of measurement;
the cuff is placed on the forearm at the same level as the heart. It should cover 2/3 of the arm, and the bottom edge should be 2 cm above the elbow;
with the help of a pear, pressure is pumped into the cuff;
after which the air is gradually bled off, and at this time the tones are carefully listened to with a phonendoscope;
the first beats will correspond to systolic pressure, and the second to diastolic.

What blood pressure is considered normal

Pressure readings are affected not only external factors and various diseases. Of particular importance is the age and gender of a person. For a clearer and more convenient use, a table has been compiled below. It contains the main data on blood pressure for different ages.

According to the data in the table, it is obvious that BP increases with age. Such changes are normal. However, it is important to remember that all these figures are averages. To determine the exact individual pressure, you should regularly take measurements and consult a doctor.

It is important to remember that any deviations in blood pressure, up or down, significantly impair work internal organs. This pathology leads to irreversible processes in the body. At the first signs of a violation of indicators, it is necessary to consult a doctor, since timely treatment will improve the general condition of a person.

Important! The normal value of human blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. Pulse healthy person should be 70-80 beats per minute.

In pregnant women normal level BP fluctuates in the range of 110/70–120/80 mm Hg. Art. With these indicators, the woman and the future baby feel great. However, on early dates, in the first trimester, the pressure may decrease. This phenomenon is considered normal, so doctors agree that a woman should not take any drugs. In these 3 months, almost everyone feels drowsiness, loss of strength, dizziness, some even lose consciousness. In order to somehow alleviate the condition, the expectant mother is recommended to spend more time on fresh air eat right and avoid stuffy rooms. As a rule, by the end of the third trimester, the general condition returns to normal.

Starting from the second trimester, the woman's blood pressure rises slightly, but she feels great. This change occurs due to the fact that the fetus and placenta begin to actively develop, and in the body expectant mother appears on 2.5 liters of blood more. Naturally, this provokes a load on the cardiovascular system, which slightly increases the pressure indicators. In other words, a woman's body begins to work for two. However, sometimes an increase in blood pressure causes serious changes in well-being, there are anxiety symptoms. At the first sign of an increase in pressure, it is urgent to consult a doctor, as this may be a signal for the development of eclampsia. In this case, the specialist prescribes high-quality therapy that improves the condition of the expectant mother.

Causes affecting the change in blood pressure

Blood pressure is one of the main indicators of human health. Its deviations up or down cause pathological disorders in the body.

There are many root causes that affect the increase in blood pressure. Among the main reasons, physicians distinguish the following:

hypertonic disease;
kidney disease;
disease of cardio-vascular system;
problems at work endocrine system.

Low blood pressure can be accompanied by severe symptoms that worsen the general condition of a person. For development this violation There are many root causes:

myocardial infarction;
disruption of the autonomic nervous system;
anemia;
poor nutrition or starvation;
hypothyroidism;
diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Small deviations from the norm, as a rule, do not cause serious deviations in health. However, if a person has persistent deviations in blood pressure from the norm, he needs to urgently consult a doctor. The specialist will assess the general condition of the patient and select an individual treatment regimen.

Normal human arterial blood pressure and pulse. The value of normal blood pressure and pulse depends on the age of the person, his individual features, lifestyle, occupation. Blood pressure and pulse are the first signals about the state of human health. All people have normal blood pressure and pulse.

Arterial pressure is the blood pressure in the large arteries of a person. There are two indicators of blood pressure:

Systolic (upper) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the time of maximum heart contraction.
Diastolic (lower) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the moment of maximum relaxation of the heart.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, abbreviated as mmHg. Art. A blood pressure value of 120/80 means that the systolic (upper) pressure is 120 mm Hg. Art., and the value of diastolic (lower) blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. Art.

Increased numbers on the tonometer are associated with serious diseases, for example, the risk of cerebral circulation, heart attack. In the case of a chronic increase in blood pressure, the risk of stroke increases by 7 times, chronic heart failure by 6 times, heart attack by 4 times and peripheral vascular disease by 3 times.

What is normal pressure? What are its parameters at rest and at motor activity?

Blood pressure is divided into: optimal - 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art., normal - 130 to 85 mm Hg. Art., high, but still normal - from 135-139 mm Hg. Art., 85-89 mm Hg. Art. A pressure of 140 over 90 mm Hg is considered high. Art. and more. With motor activity, blood pressure rises in accordance with the needs of the body, an increase of 20 mm Hg. Art. indicates an adequate response of the cardiovascular system. If there are changes in the body or risk factors, then with age, blood pressure changes: diastolic increases up to 60 years, and systolic increases throughout life.

For the accuracy of the results, blood pressure should be measured after 5-10 minutes of rest, and one hour before the examination, one should not smoke or drink coffee. During the measurement, the hand should lie comfortably on the table. The cuff is fixed on the shoulder so that its lower edge is 2-3 cm higher than the crease of the elbow. In this case, the center of the cuff should be above brachial artery. When the doctor finishes pumping air into the cuff, he begins to gradually deflate it, and we hear the first tone - systolic.
To assess the level of blood pressure, a classification is used World Organization health, adopted in 1999.

Blood pressure category*	Systolic (upper) blood pressure mm Hg Art.	Diastolic (lower) blood pressure mm Hg Art.
Norm
Optimal**	Less than 120	Less than 80
Normal	Less than 130	Less than 85
Increased normal	130-139	85-89
Hypertension
1 degree (soft)	140—159	90-99
Grade 2 (moderate)	160-179	100-109
3 degree (severe)	Over 180	Over 110
border	140-149	Less than 90
Isolated systolic hypertension	Over 140	Less than 90

* If systolic and diastolic blood pressure are in different categories, select highest category.
** Optimal in relation to the risk of development cardiovascular complications and to mortality

The terms "mild", "borderline", "severe", "moderate", given in the classification, characterize only the level of blood pressure, and not the severity of the patient's disease.
In everyday clinical practice adopted classification arterial hypertension World Health Organization, based on the defeat of the so-called target organs.

about the most frequent complications arising in the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.
What should a person's normal blood pressure be?What is a normal human blood pressure? The correct answer is: for each person there is a norm . Indeed, the value of normal blood pressure depends on the age of the person, his individual characteristics, lifestyle, occupation.

Normal pressure in newborns is 70 mm Hg.

Normal pressure in a child who is one year old: for boys - 96/66 (upper / lower), for girls - 95/65.

Normal blood pressure in a 10 year old child is 103/69 for boys and 103/70 for girls.

And what is the normal pressure for a person who has already matured?
Normal pressure in young people 20 years old: in boys - 123/76, in girls - 116/72.

Normal pressure in young people who are about 30 years old: in young men - 126/79, in young women - 120/75.

What is normal blood pressure for a middle-aged person? In 40-year-old men 129/81, in 40-year-old women 127/80.

For fifty-year-old men and women, pressures of 135/83 and 137/84, respectively, are considered normal.

For older people, it is normal next pressure: for 60-year-old men 142/85, for women of the same age 144/85.

For older people who are over 70 years old, the normal pressure is 145/82 for men and 159/85 for women.

What is the normal pressure of an old or elderly person? For 80-year-old people, the pressure of 147/82 and 157/83 for men and women, respectively, is considered normal.

For elderly ninety-year-old grandfathers normal pressure it is considered 145/78, and for grandmothers of the same age - 150/79 mm Hg of the column.

With unusual physical activity or emotional stress the value of arterial pressure increases. Sometimes this prevents doctors from examining cardiac patients, who are mostly impressionable people. American scientists even talk about the existence of the so-called "white coat effect": when the results of measuring blood pressure in the doctor's office are 30-40 mm Hg. Art. higher than when self-measuring it at home. And this is due to the stress that the environment of the medical institution causes in the patient.

On the other hand, people who are constantly exposed to heavy loads, for example, in athletes, the pressure becomes normal 100/60 or even 90/50 mm Hg. Art. But with all the variety of "normal" blood pressure indicators, each person usually knows the norm of his pressure, in any case, he clearly captures any deviations from it in one direction or another.

There are certain guidelines for blood pressure that change with age (standards for 1981):

However modern ideas about normal blood pressure are somewhat different. It is now believed that even a slight increase in blood pressure over time can increase the risk of developing coronary disease heart, stroke and other diseases of the cardiovascular system. That's why normal indicators blood pressure in adults is currently considered to be up to 130-139 / 85-89 mm Hg. Art. Norm for patients diabetes the pressure is considered to be 130/85 mm Hg. Art. An arterial blood pressure of 140/90 refers to high standard. Blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. Art. is already a sign of hypertension.

Normal human heart rate

Pulse (lat. pulsus blow, push) - periodic fluctuations in the volume of blood vessels associated with contractions of the heart, due to the dynamics of their blood filling and pressure in them during one cardiac cycle. The average healthy person has a normal resting heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. So, the more economical metabolic processes, the fewer beats the human heart makes per unit of time, the longer duration life. If your goal is to prolong life, then you need to monitor the effectiveness of the process, namely the pulse rate.

Normal heart rate for different age categories:

child after birth 140 bpm
from birth to 1 year 130 bpm
from 1 year to 2 years 100 bpm
from 3 to 7 years 95 bpm
from 8 to 14 years 80 bpm
average age 72 bpm
old age 65 bpm
with illness 120 beats / min
shortly before death 160 bpm

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What is blood pressure?

Arterial pressure name one of key indicators functional state body, showing the force with which blood exerts pressure on the walls of large arteries. Pressure appears due to the pumping of blood by the heart into the bloodstream and the resistance of the walls of blood vessels.

Arterial pressure expressed in the following quantities:

upper (or systolic) blood pressure - displays the force of pressure on the walls of the arteries at the time of ejection of blood from the heart;
lower (or diastolic) blood pressure - displays the force of pressure in blood vessels at the moment of a pause in heart contractions;
pulse pressure - a value that displays the difference between the upper and lower blood pressure.

What blood pressure is considered normal?

Limits of normal pressure
Indicators of the boundaries of blood pressure depend on the age and individual characteristics of the human body. Normal pressure indicators are considered (in an adult at rest), which do not exceed 130/80 mm Hg. Art. The optimal blood pressure is considered to be 120/70 mm Hg. Art.

Previously physiological enhancement blood pressure at the age of 40-60 years up to 140/90 and at the age of over 60 years up to 150/90 was considered a physiological norm. But according to the WHO since 1999, normal blood pressure is considered if its systolic values are in the range from 110 to 130 mm Hg. Art. (regardless of age).

Systolic blood pressure is normal
Limits of normal systolic blood pressure - 110-130 mm Hg. Art.

Diastolic blood pressure is normal
The limits of normal diastolic pressure in healthy people may depend on age and range from 65-80 mm Hg. Art. At the age of 50 years and older, this limit can be 80-89 mm Hg. Art.

Pulse blood pressure is normal
Normally, pulse pressure indicators should be at least 20-25 mm Hg. Art.

What blood pressure is considered normal - video

Normal blood pressure in adults

In men
The norm of blood pressure in men aged 20-40 is 123/76-129/81.

Among women
The norm of blood pressure in women aged 20-40 is 120/75-127/80.

During pregnancy
Until the sixth month of pregnancy, blood pressure in a pregnant young woman remains within the normal range. After the sixth month, under the influence of progesterone produced in the body, short-term drops in blood pressure are possible, which are especially often felt with a sharp change in body position, and normally amount to no more than 10 mm Hg. Art. In the last months of gestation, blood pressure approaches normal levels.

On average, the normal blood pressure in women during pregnancy ranges from 110/60 to 130/80 mm. rt. Art. Concerns among specialists can cause an increase in blood pressure at least twice a week above 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Age norms blood pressure
For men:

20 years old - 123/76;
about 30 years old - 126/79;
about 40 years old - 129/81;
about 50 years old - 135/83;
60-70 years old - 142/85;
over 70 years old - 145/82.

Among women:

20 years old - 116/72;
about 30 years old - 120/75;
about 40 years old - 127/80;
about 50 years old - 137/84;
60-70 years old - 144/85;
over 70 years old - 159/85.

Normal blood pressure in children and adolescents

In children, formulas can be used to calculate the normal blood pressure.

Systolic pressure

Children under one year old - 76 + 2n (where n is the number of months of life);
older than a year - 90+2n (where n is the number of years).

The maximum allowable value of normal systolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 105 + 2 n.

The minimum allowable value of normal systolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 5 + 2 n.

diastolic pressure

Children up to a year - from 2/3 to ½ of the systolic pressure indicators;
older than a year – 60+n (where n is the number of years).

The maximum allowable value of normal diastolic pressure in children older than one year can be determined by the formula 75 + n.

The minimum allowable value of normal diastolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 45 + n.

From 15 to 18 years of age, blood pressure indicators gradually approach the norms of an adult. The norm of systolic pressure in adolescents can range from 110 to 120 mm Hg. Art., diastolic norm - from 69 to 80 mm Hg. Art.

Normal blood pressure in the legs

Normally, blood pressure in the arms and legs is different. The pressure measured at the ankle with normal patency of the leg arteries should not exceed the blood pressure measured at the forearm by more than 20 mm Hg. Exceeding this indicator may indicate narrowing of the aorta.

To get the correct blood pressure readings at the ankle, measurements are taken with the patient lying on the couch on his back. After fixing the cuff in the area 2-3 cm above dorsal surface feet, two or three measurements are taken, then the arithmetic mean between these indicators is calculated, which will be the indicator of blood pressure at the ankle.

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Blood pressure table

Female and male pressures are different. This is due to the fact that their heart beats somewhat faster than that of men (80 and 72 beats per minute, respectively). So, in women, the indicator changes more from time to time, but they are much less prone to high blood pressure, at least before the onset of menopause (menopause).

Pressure should be measured at rest. This gives a more accurate result, since during physical and emotional stress, the muscles and organs require a better blood supply, and this increases the performance by about 20 mmHg.

The generally accepted norm for blood pressure is 120/80, but a few decades ago this figure was an order of magnitude higher. More accurate information about the norm of values \u200b\u200bcan be obtained based on the age category. For women, there are the following indicators:

from 18-20 years old - 116/72
up to 30 years - 120/75
up to 40 years - 127/80
up to 50 years - 137/84
from 60 to 70 years old - 143/85
from 70 and older - 155/85

From these data it follows that over the years, the indicators of the upper and lower pressure increase and, at the same time, correspond to the average statistical norm. If there are violations associated with high or low blood pressure, it should be monitored with a tonometer. It is recommended to do this about twice a day.

The first measurement is taken in the morning to find out the "night" pressure, and the second time is taken at any time convenient for you. Before the measurement, certain conditions must be observed: you can not drink strong coffee, tea, perform intense physical exercises and take a hot shower.

Reasons for low blood pressure

At low pressure, the body is in a position where the pressure drops below normal. This is called hypotension, which has an equally severe danger for health, as well as hypertension ( high blood pressure), and requires constant monitoring and prescribing a course by a doctor.

Low blood pressure is more common in women and manifests itself in early age: immobility, rapid fatigue, light weight and a big increase. Hypotension is usually passed on from parents to children. The main causes of low blood pressure include:

thyroid disease;
disease of the cardiovascular system;
improper functioning of the lungs or other respiratory organs;
emotional overstrain;
harmful working conditions.

Absence physical activity does not contribute to the work of the heart muscle and ventilation of the lungs, which leads to a failure in metabolism. Because of this, lethargy appears, sleep becomes poor and the level of fatigue increases.

Causes of high blood pressure

Hypertension is an ailment during which the pressure is periodically or constantly in elevated state. This disease is widespread among women who have reached the age of forty.

There are many causes of this disease, the most well-known:

excessive fat and salt content in food;
use a large number alcohol and smoking;
nervous tension, stress;
heart disease and impaired blood flow in the veins;
diseases of the organs of internal secretion, for example, kidneys;
interruptions in the work of the endocrine system, excess weight and diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Gender and the resulting aging qualities play an important role in the increase in pressure. As mentioned above, the number of women suffering from hypertension will increase greatly after reaching forty.

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What is BP

Blood pressure shows the force with which blood presses against the walls of blood vessels. This indicator indicates how well and how the heart muscle and the cardiovascular system as a whole work, the total volume of blood passing through the heart in one minute.

Blood pressure is one of the most important signs of human health. Significant deviations from the norm indicate existing problems with cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system. Periodically measuring blood pressure is important for all people, especially at an older age, in the presence of cardiac pathologies.

How to measure correctly

Blood pressure should be measured according to the instructions. If you do it wrong, you might miss serious problems with health, on the contrary, sow panic if the wrong result is too far from normal.

For pressure measurement there is special device- tonometer. For home use, alone is more suitable automatic blood pressure monitors, they do not require special skill when measuring, unlike manual ones. In order for the measurement error to be minimal, the following rules must be observed:

Before measuring pressure, physical exertion should be avoided.
Do not smoke before the measurement, it is advisable to avoid eating.
You need to measure the pressure in a sitting position, be sure to lean on the back of a chair with your back.
You need to measure while sitting at the table, putting your hand on the tabletop so that it is approximately at the level of the heart.
When measuring, do not move, talk.
It is desirable to measure the pressure on both hands for more accurate readings.

If all the rules are followed, the pressure readings should be accurate. If the discrepancies with the norm are significant, you need to contact a cardiologist. If there are doubts about the correctness of the procedure, you can measure the pressure under the control of a person who is better versed in the intricacies of measurements.

Norm by age in adults: table

There is an average blood pressure:

systolic within 90 - 139 mm Hg. Art.;
diastolic - from 61 to 89 mm Hg. Art.

The ideal indicator is BP 120/80 mm Hg. Art. On the possible pathology indicates a reading above 140/90 mm Hg. Art., in this case, you should be concerned.

It is worth remembering: physical activity can have a noticeable effect on blood pressure indicators. This happens due to the fact that the muscles require more blood flow, and the pulse also increases. Even with a small load, the indicators can rise by twenty points.

High blood pressure is also common during pregnancy. This happens for many reasons, when carrying a child, hormonal changes in the body occur, the load on the cardiovascular system, organs in abdominal cavity shift a little. These factors can affect blood pressure. In most cases, this is considered an inevitable physiological norm, but if during pregnancy the indicators were too high, you need to continue monitoring after the birth of the child.

Also due to age-related changes pressure in the body rises, so the indicators can significantly depend on age. Average rate for an adult by age is presented in the following table:

Age (in years)	The norm in men	The norm in women
20	123/76	116/72
20 – 30	126/79	120/75
30 – 40	129/81	127/79
40 – 50	135/82	137/83
50 – 60	142/85	144/85
60 and older	142/80	159/85

These indicators are average, deviations are acceptable, but not more than a few points. For young people, it is important that the pressure is not higher than 140/90; up to twenty years, even low blood pressure will be the norm.

For people with pre-existing heart problems, it is advisable to periodically take blood pressure measurements and record any changes. This will help to monitor deterioration and improvement in the condition and the results of treatment.

Pulse

In addition to blood pressure, it is important to be able to correctly measure the pulse, these indicators together can give a more complete and accurate picture of changes in the body. A normal pulse should be at least 60 beats per minute, no more than 90.

Normally, the pulse can be increased after physical exertion, with accelerated exchange substances. Therefore, before measuring the pulse, you should not play sports, smoke, use alcoholic drinks. In other cases increased heart rate will talk about possible problems.

For the pulse, there is also each approximate norm for its age:

pulse in newborns - 140 beats per minute;
under the age of 7 years - 90 - 95 beats per minute;
from 8 to 18 years old - 80 - 85 beats per minute;
in the range from 20 to 60 years - 65 - 70 beats per minute;
at acute illness, for example, poisoning - up to 120 beats per minute.

When measuring, the pulse must be clearly felt, otherwise the results may be incorrect. If at rest this indicator is too high or low, this is a reason to see a doctor.

What can cause deviations from the norm

Do not immediately panic if the pressure turned out to be far from the average normal values. Most of the causes of high blood pressure can be corrected on their own with the help of right image life. In general, pressure can change in the following cases:

Age-related changes in the heart muscle, inability to cope with heavy loads.
Changes in blood composition associated with age. Also, excessive blood density can be associated with diabetes and other endocrine diseases.
Decreased elasticity of blood vessels. This can happen with age, a separate influence is exerted by unhealthy food, an irrational daily routine.
Atherosclerosis, the formation of plaques obscuring the normal lumen of blood vessels.
Various endocrine diseases.

Most of the data probable causes high or low blood pressure are under the influence of the person himself. If the pressure indicators strongly diverge from the norm, especially in youth, this is an occasion to reconsider your lifestyle. Often, the work of the heart and blood vessels can be normalized by switching to healthy eating, normal daily routine, paying attention to exercise.

Norm by age in children: table

Not only adults need to monitor blood pressure and heart rate. Children and adolescents also have various cardiac pathologies. If traced possible problems at an early age, more serious diseases can be avoided in the future.

In children, adolescents, the pressure is much lower than in adults. From the moment of birth, it has been constantly increasing, it is also influenced by external factors: physical activity, their absence, possible negative experiences, worries associated with school or another team, malnutrition.

In newborns, blood pressure is normal 71/55 in boys, 66/55 in girls, then it will gradually increase. The norms of blood pressure by age can be seen in the following table.

Then, after 16 years, the pressure in adolescents approaches adult levels.

High blood pressure in children and adolescents

Hypertension in children and adolescents can be the result of other diseases, such as diabetes, but often it is not immediately clear explanation. The pressure may rise for the following reasons:

overwork, stress associated with study;
excess weight;
genetic predisposition;
kidney problems.

In each case, the reasons can be individual, it is only the doctor who can determine exactly what the child is sick with. necessary analyzes and inspections.

Low pressure

Too low pressure, hypotension, is also a common problem in children and adolescents. The main reason for this condition is the lack of normal physical activity, lack of sleep, and poor health. Often, the pressure remains low during recovery from any disease.

You can distinguish low blood pressure by the following symptoms:

constant weakness, rapid fatigue;
severe sweating;
decreased concentration;
headaches, dizziness.

When detecting low blood pressure in a child, it is imperative to see a doctor to rule out possible diseases hearts and neurological problems. However, most often the reason lies in the lack healthy sleep, normal physical activity. Also, with low blood pressure, you need to pay attention to the condition immune system possible vitamin deficiency.

Blood pressure is one of the most important indicators of human health. By periodically measuring blood pressure and monitoring its changes, you can notice the symptoms of an impending disease in time and avoid serious consequences for good health.

Low blood pressure what to take

Blood pressure is the most important indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system, its measurement is one of the simplest and, at the same time, highly informative diagnostic method, which is used very widely, including at home. By measuring the existing pressure, it is compared with the norm in order to determine deviations. However, the norm of pressure in a person is not an unshakable value. Pressure varies depending on age, physical activity, psycho-emotional state, time of day, even temperature environment. In addition, there are individual characteristics of the work of the heart and the state of blood vessels. Given this, we can talk about a certain corridor within which blood pressure will be considered normal.

Blood pressure is determined by two indicators - systolic and diastolic, which are recorded through a flash - first systolic, then diastolic, both measured in millimeters of mercury. Systolic pressure is also called cardiac pressure, it depends on the strength of heart contractions, this is an indicator of the pressure of blood in the arteries at the moment it leaves the heart. Diastolic pressure is called vascular pressure, it shows what resistance vascular wall at the moment when the heart muscle contracts, thereby characterizing the state of the vessels. Systolic pressure is normally 40-50 units higher than diastolic. The following figures are accepted for the norm of pressure in a person: 90-140 mm Hg. for systolic pressure (first number), and 50-80 mmHg for diastolic (second number).

Since there are individual characteristics, and the norm of pressure in a person of one may differ significantly from that of another, they speak of working pressure. Operating pressure- This is the normal pressure for a particular person. So, in people prone to hypotension ( reduced pressure), the normal pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, and therefore for such a person an indicator of 130/80 will not be too favorable. On the contrary, a hypertensive patient with a working pressure of 140/80 will have a pressure of 100/60 clear sign ill health, and the person will not feel well at the same time.

Therefore, each person must know his own norm in order to subsequently focus on it. It remains only to add that in order to determine the norm of pressure in a person, it is necessary to measure the pressure several times at rest, with good health and lack of anxiety. The arithmetic mean will be an indicator of the working pressure at this person and when the doctor during medical examination asks: “What is your normal pressure?”, He expects to hear exactly this parameter.

They call one of the most important indicators of the functional state of the body, reflecting the force with which blood exerts pressure on the walls of large arteries. Pressure appears due to the pumping of blood by the heart into the bloodstream and the resistance of the walls of blood vessels.

Arterial pressure expressed in the following quantities:

upper (or systolic) blood pressure - displays the force of pressure on the walls of the arteries at the time of ejection of blood from the heart;
lower (or diastolic) blood pressure - displays the force of pressure in the blood vessels at the moment of a pause in heart contractions;
pulse pressure - a value that displays the difference between the upper and lower blood pressure.

What blood pressure is considered normal?

Previously, the physiological increase in blood pressure at the age of 40-60 years up to 140/90 and at the age of over 60 years up to 150/90 was considered a physiological norm. But according to the WHO since 1999, normal blood pressure is considered if its systolic values are in the range from 110 to 130 mm Hg. Art. (regardless of age).

Systolic blood pressure is normal
Limits of normal systolic blood pressure - 110-130 mm Hg. Art.

Pulse blood pressure is normal
Normally, pulse pressure indicators should be at least 20-25 mm Hg. Art.

What blood pressure is considered normal - video

Normal blood pressure in adults

In men
The norm of blood pressure in men aged 20-40 is 123/76-129/81.

Among women
The norm of blood pressure in women aged 20-40 is 120/75-127/80.

Age norms of arterial pressure
For men:

20 years old - 123/76;
about 30 years old - 126/79;
about 40 years old - 129/81;
about 50 years old - 135/83;
60-70 years old - 142/85;
over 70 years old - 145/82.

Among women:

20 years old - 116/72;
about 30 years old - 120/75;
about 40 years old - 127/80;
about 50 years old - 137/84;
60-70 years old - 144/85;
over 70 years old - 159/85.

Normal blood pressure in children and adolescents

In children, formulas can be used to calculate the normal blood pressure.

Systolic pressure

Children under one year old - 76 + 2n (where n is the number of months of life);
older than a year - 90+2n (where n is the number of years).

The maximum allowable value of normal systolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 105 + 2 n.

The minimum allowable value of normal systolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 5 + 2 n.

diastolic pressure

Children up to a year - from 2/3 to ½ of the systolic pressure indicators;
older than a year – 60+n (where n is the number of years).

The maximum allowable value of normal diastolic pressure in children older than one year can be determined by the formula 75 + n.

The minimum allowable value of normal diastolic pressure in children older than a year can be determined by the formula 45 + n.

Normal blood pressure in the legs

To get the correct blood pressure readings at the ankle, measurements are taken with the patient lying on the couch on his back. After fixing the cuff in the area 2-3 cm above the dorsum of the foot, two or three measurements are taken, then the arithmetic mean between these indicators is calculated, which will be the indicator of blood pressure at the ankle.

Normal human arterial blood pressure and pulse. The value of normal blood pressure and pulse depends on the age of the person, his individual characteristics, lifestyle, occupation. Blood pressure and pulse are the first signals about the state of human health. All people have normal blood pressure and pulse.

Arterial pressure is the blood pressure in the large arteries of a person. There are two indicators of blood pressure:

Systolic (upper) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the moment of maximum contraction of the heart.
Diastolic (lower) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the moment of maximum relaxation of the heart.

Arterial pressure It is measured in millimeters of mercury, abbreviated mm Hg. Art. A blood pressure value of 120/80 means that the systolic (upper) pressure is 120 mm Hg. Art., and the value of diastolic (lower) blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. Art.

Increased numbers on the tonometer are associated with serious diseases, for example, the risk of cerebrovascular accident, heart attack. In the case of a chronic increase in blood pressure, the risk of stroke increases by 7 times, chronic heart failure by 6 times, heart attack by 4 times and peripheral vascular disease by 3 times.

What normal pressure? What are its indicators at rest and during motor activity?

Arterial pressure is divided into: optimal - 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art., normal - 130 to 85 mm Hg. Art., high, but still normal - from 135-139 mm Hg. Art., 85-89 mm Hg. Art. A pressure of 140 over 90 mm Hg is considered high. Art. and more. With motor activity, blood pressure rises in accordance with the needs of the body, an increase of 20 mm Hg. Art. indicates an adequate response of the cardiovascular system. If there are changes in the body or risk factors, then with age, blood pressure changes: diastolic increases up to 60 years, and systolic increases throughout life.

For the accuracy of the results, blood pressure should be measured after 5-10 minutes of rest, and one hour before the examination, one should not smoke or drink coffee. During the measurement, the hand should lie comfortably on the table. The cuff is fixed on the shoulder so that its lower edge is 2-3 cm higher than the crease of the elbow. In this case, the center of the cuff should be over the brachial artery. When the doctor finishes pumping air into the cuff, he begins to gradually deflate it, and we hear the first tone - systolic.

The classification of the World Health Organization, adopted in 1999, is used to assess the level of blood pressure.

Blood pressure category*	Systolic (upper) blood pressure mm Hg Art.	Diastolic (lower) blood pressure mm Hg Art.
Norm
Optimal**	Less than 120	Less than 80
Normal	Less than 130	Less than 85
Increased normal	130-139	85-89
Hypertension
1 degree (soft)	140—159	90-99
Grade 2 (moderate)	160-179	100-109
3 degree (severe)	Over 180	Over 110
border	140-149	Less than 90
Isolated systolic hypertension	Over 140	Less than 90

* If systolic and diastolic blood pressure are in different categories, the highest category is selected.

** Optimal in relation to the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and mortality

The terms "mild", "borderline", "severe", "moderate", given in the classification, characterize only the level of blood pressure, and not the severity of the patient's disease.

In everyday clinical practice, the classification of arterial hypertension by the World Health Organization is adopted, based on the defeat of the so-called target organs. These are the most common complications that occur in the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.

What should a person's normal blood pressure be?What is a normal human blood pressure? The correct answer is: for each person there is a norm . Indeed, the value of normal blood pressure depends on the age of the person, his individual characteristics, lifestyle, occupation.

Normal pressure in newborns is 70 mm Hg.

Normal pressure in a child who is one year old: for boys - 96/66 (upper / lower), for girls - 95/65.

Normal blood pressure in a 10 year old child is 103/69 for boys and 103/70 for girls.

And what is the normal pressure for a person who has already matured?

Normal pressure in young people 20 years old: in boys - 123/76, in girls - 116/72.

Normal pressure in young people who are about 30 years old: in young men - 126/79, in young women - 120/75.

What is normal blood pressure for a middle-aged person? In 40-year-old men 129/81, in 40-year-old women 127/80.

For fifty-year-old men and women, pressures of 135/83 and 137/84, respectively, are considered normal.

For the elderly, the following pressure is considered normal: for 60-year-old men 142/85, for women of the same age 144/85.

For older people who are over 70 years old, the normal pressure is 145/82 for men and 159/85 for women.

What is the normal pressure of an old or elderly person? For 80-year-old people, the pressure of 147/82 and 157/83 for men and women, respectively, is considered normal.

For elderly ninety-year-old grandfathers, 145/78 is considered normal pressure, and for grandmothers of the same age, 150/79 mm Hg.

With unusual physical exertion or emotional stress, the value of blood pressure increases. Sometimes this prevents doctors from examining cardiac patients, who are mostly impressionable people. American scientists even talk about the existence of the so-called "white coat effect": when the results of measuring blood pressure in the doctor's office are 30-40 mm Hg. Art. higher than when self-measuring it at home. And this is due to the stress that the environment of the medical institution causes in the patient.

On the other hand, in people who are constantly exposed to heavy loads, such as athletes, the pressure becomes normal 100/60 or even 90/50 mm Hg. Art. But with all the variety of "normal" blood pressure indicators, each person usually knows the norm of his pressure, in any case, he clearly captures any deviations from it in one direction or another.

There are certain guidelines for blood pressure that change with age (standards for 1981):

However, modern ideas about normal blood pressure are somewhat different. It is now believed that even a slight increase in blood pressure over time can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, indicators up to 130-139 / 85-89 mm Hg are now considered normal indicators of blood pressure in adults. Art. The norm for patients with diabetes is considered to be a pressure of 130/85 mm Hg. Art. An arterial blood pressure of 140/90 is considered high. Blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. Art. is already a sign of hypertension.

normal pulse human

Pulse (lat. pulsus blow, push) - periodic fluctuations in the volume of blood vessels associated with contractions of the heart, due to the dynamics of their blood supply and pressure in them during one cardiac cycle. The average healthy person has a normal resting heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. So, the more economical the metabolic processes, the fewer beats the human heart makes per unit of time, the longer the life expectancy. If your goal is to prolong life, then you need to monitor the effectiveness of the process, namely the pulse rate.

Normal heart rate for different age groups: