Under medical term « diabetes mellitus“is understood as a disease, which is based on a violation of water and carbohydrate metabolism, which provokes malfunctions in the pancreas, which is responsible for the production of a hormone called insulin. This hormone is considered the main component responsible for the absorption of sugar by the body.

The complete absence or lack of insulin gradually leads to the accumulation of excessive amounts of glucose in the blood plasma. The body is unable to cope with such volumes of sugar, so most of it begins to be excreted through urine, which affects the functioning of the kidneys and water metabolism.

Thus, the tissues of a diabetic are not able to retain a sufficient amount of water, so the waste fluid, which is considered inferior, is given to the kidneys. Hyperglycemia in men aged 40, 45, 50 years and so on is considered a reason for more in-depth research.

The disease, which is closely related to metabolism, can be acquired during life or inherited by the patient. The disease affects vision, the nervous system, and teeth. Due to excess sugar, the skin becomes thinner and pustules appear on them. The patient may also develop hypertension, angina pectoris or atherosclerosis.

Varieties

It is immediately worth noting that most often in men whose age ranges from 41 to 49 years and older, type 2 diabetes is diagnosed. This age category belongs to the risk zone, but the disease also occurs among children and adolescents. Statistics show that many children are obese or have overweight.

Diabetics of the second type, provided that they adhere to the doctor’s recommendations, can be completely cured. To get better, the patient needs to be treated healthy image life. This need cannot be ignored, since in advanced stages the disease begins to develop serious complications, negatively affecting the functioning of internal organs.

Signs of diabetes in men after 40 are much less common if we consider the first type of the disease. Type 1 diabetes is considered more of a hereditary disease, which manifests itself either in infancy, or in young years. The disease belongs to the category of serious, incurable diseases. The patient's life is maintained by regular insulin injections.

According to research, over the past few years the percentage of sick women and men who were 42–43 years old at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has increased significantly.

However, despite the change in statistics, it is worth noting that in youth, diabetic disease is much more severe than in the fortieth year of life, due to the higher rate metabolic processes.

Signs

There are several main signs of diabetes mellitus in men after 40 years of age, carried by men. They make it possible to diagnose diabetes in a timely manner. However, initially it is necessary to highlight the main causes of the development of the disease:

Genetic predisposition, presence of diabetics in the family. Incorrect, irrational nutrition, non-compliance with food intake. Obesity or a large proportion of excess weight. Low activity, sedentary lifestyle.

Exposure to regular stress. Failures to hormonal level.

The manifestation of diabetes mellitus has a negative impact on male body in general and specifically on the functions performed by the pancreas, which it ceases to cope with over time. For this reason, the level of glucose in the blood increases, that is, diabetes develops.

The primary signs of the disease after 44 years of age include the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus in men:

1. The appearance of pigmentation on the face or body that was not there before.
2. From time to time, inexplicable itching appears in the groin area.
3. Excessive sweating.
4. Significant weight gain or, conversely, weight loss.
5. Increased drowsiness, but sleep is restless and anxious.
6. Increased appetite and thirst.
7. Excessive fatigue even in the absence of physical activity.
8. Delayed wound healing.

However, as practice shows, most often men do not associate these symptoms with the development of diabetes. When a man under 40 years of age and after 46–48 years has at least a couple of the listed symptoms, an immediate examination is required.

The initial stages of diabetes are quickly treatable. To fix the problem, a man just needs to start physical therapy(physical activity for diabetes is recommended), correctly adjust your diet, and also refuse bad habits, if any. Additionally for effective treatment You should also take a fortified course.

If we consider those cases where it is a man who acts as a diabetic, it is necessary to note several features of the course of the disease. As the disease progresses, it clinical signs significantly intensify, therefore also affecting men’s health.

Diabetes mellitus greatly affects the reproductive system, as well as sexual function. If measures are not taken in time, a man begins to notice a decrease in potency, sexual desire, as well as frequent premature ejaculation.

On the mucous membranes of a diabetic, as can be seen in the photo, microcracks begin to appear, the skin becomes very flaky and dry. Small wounds remain fresh for a long time and do not heal, which leads to the appearance of fungi, as well as the addition of viral infections.

The patient should pay special attention to the incessant itching, which can only be eliminated by choosing the right hygiene products, for example, gels, shampoos, soaps, and so on. It is best to purchase products that are characterized by minimal alkalinity, that is, those that are suitable for sensitive skin types.

If a 40-year-old man has diabetes, treatment should be timely. If you miss the first signs of diabetes in men, you can allow a rapid drop in testosterone levels in the blood, which entails circulatory failure in the pelvic area. Insufficient nutrition of the genital organs leads to the rapid development of impotence.

Separately, it should be noted that it seriously suffers reproductive function. The quality of sperm deteriorates, there is significantly less of it.

In addition, a diabetic runs the risk of damage to DNA, the transmitted hereditary information.

If the disease is not treated

Diabetes mellitus, if considered as an independent disease, does not pose a threat to life, but in the absence of proper treatment, serious complications arise, which often cause death.

Main types of complications:

1. Diabetic coma is the most complex consequence diabetes Symptoms preceding a comatose state occur extremely quickly. If there is clouding of mind, lethargy, and frequent dizziness, the diabetic should be hospitalized.
2. Swelling of a local or widespread nature. Edema is especially common in patients who additionally suffer from heart failure. This symptom often becomes an indicator of renal dysfunction.
3. Sleep disorder. Male patients aged 47 - 49 years and older often suffer from sleep disturbances in diabetes, which is manifested by insomnia, frequent nightmares, awakenings, and so on.

It is worth noting that the treatment of diabetes is subject exclusively to an endocrinologist, who, after conducting a series of studies, will prescribe adequate treatment. However, it is best for men to be prudent. There are several preventive measures that will prevent the disease from developing.

Diabetes is least often diagnosed in men who eat right, devote time to exercise, and regularly monitor their blood sugar. In addition, giving up bad habits is considered an important condition for effective treatment and prevention. The video in this article will tell you about the main symptoms of diabetes.

The most common vascular diseases

The human body is penetrated by a network of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels. There is not a single organ independent of the general blood and lymph circulation. Performing the difficult role of a pipeline, the vessels obey the brain and spinal cord and are controlled by its signals, responding to a certain concentration of hormonal substances in the blood and following the instructions of the immune system.

Vascular diseases are not isolated. They are always associated with the manifestation of general failures in the regulation of life support.

Why are vessels needed?

The arteries deliver nutrients tissues and organs receive oxygen necessary to support the required level of energy production and cell function.

Venous vessels must cope with a heavy load, collect waste blood from harmful substances, as well as carbon dioxide and deliver them upward against gravity to the heart and liver.

The exception is pulmonary blood vessels: The artery arises from the right ventricle and carries venous blood to the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide molecules for oxygen. And along the venous branches, oxygenated blood collects and enters the left atrium.

From the center to the periphery, the diameter of the vessels decreases, and the structure of the walls changes. The smallest capillaries approach the cells. It is they who have the ability to pass delivered oxygen and nutrients through their shell and take away waste.

The capillaries of the kidneys form the glomerular system and retain everything necessary in the blood, removing unnecessary toxic substances into the urine. Peripheral vascular diseases primarily affect capillary blood flow as the extreme point of blood circulation and communication with tissues. Failure of oxygen supply leads to a state of hypoxia (oxygen starvation), in which cells gradually die without treatment.

What determine the signs of vascular diseases?

Symptoms of vascular pathology indicate the localization of insufficient blood supply. It is customary to distinguish:

• diseases of the central vessels - aorta, coronary arteries, head, neck, spinal cord;
• peripheral vascular diseases - abdominal cavity, vascular diseases of the legs and arms.

Pathology causes:

• violation of the wall structure;
• blockade by nerve fibers regulating tone;
• occlusion (obstruction), spasm, sudden expansion or narrowing of the lumen.

Diseases develop suddenly, are accompanied by acute symptoms, or develop gradually, not making themselves felt for years.

Causes of vascular pathology

To the reasons pathological changes in vessels include:

• inflammation infectious nature(for arteritis, thrombophlebitis);
• congenital disorders and developmental defects (stenosis pulmonary artery, increased tortuosity of the vertebral artery);
• deposition atherosclerotic plaques under the inner lining of arteries of the muscular-elastic type;
• thrombosis and embolism;
• changes in strength and elasticity (formation of aneurysms, varicose veins);
• autoallergic inflammatory process (obliterating endarteritis);
• disruption of the structure of the walls, causing rupture and hemorrhage in the internal organs;
• increase or decrease in tone.

Appearance vascular changes contribute to diseases:

• widespread atherosclerosis;
• dysfunction of the central nervous system, which regulates vascular tone in neurological diseases, hypertension;
• diabetes mellitus and other endocrine diseases;
• acute and chronic infections;
• heart failure;
• avitaminosis;
• blood diseases;
• hereditary diseases.

Major diseases of the central vessels

The central vessels have the responsible task of supplying blood to the heart and brain. The most common cause of vascular pathology is an atherosclerotic process in the coronary and cerebral arteries or at a short distance (in the aorta, vertebral, carotid and subclavian arteries).

The consequence of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is narrowing of the artery, a tendency to increased thrombus formation, and tissue ischemia.

Coronary heart disease

Ischemia of the heart muscle develops in response to insufficient blood flow into the coronary vessels that supply the myocardium. As a result, chronic or acute manifestations are possible.

Symptoms of chronic coronary disease are:

• attacks of angina pectoris (retrosternal pain), first only during exercise, then at rest, last up to 30 minutes, radiate to the left arm, jaw, throat, shoulder blade, are relieved with nitro drugs;
• dyspnea;
• palpitations and arrhythmias.

At acute ischemia myocardium develops infarction (necrosis of muscle tissue). The clinic depends on the following factors:

• prevalence of ischemic zone;
• involvement of pathways in it;
• depth of lesion;
• degree of development of auxiliary vessels.

The pain is very intense (cutting), radiates in the same way as with angina, Nitroglycerin does not help.

Shortness of breath can develop into suffocation and pulmonary edema in case of acute heart failure.

Extensive infarction is accompanied by cardiogenic shock, which causes secondary vascular damage (spasm and thrombosis capillary network), promotes thromboembolism. Therapeutic anti-shock measures are extremely complex and are aimed at preserving the patient’s life.

Ischemia of cerebral vessels

Ischemia of the cerebral arteries develops not only due to atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. It is believed that the first manifestations can be found on the walls carotid arteries. Blood retention in the vertebral vessels during diseases and injuries of the spine makes the brain dependent on the condition cartilage tissue, skeletal system.

Chronic ischemia develops gradually and is detected in old and senile age. Patients experience:

• headaches and dizziness;
• staggering when walking;
• decreased hearing and vision;
• gradual loss of memory and ability to remember;
• insomnia, irritability, change in character.

Acute ischemia manifests itself as ischemic stroke. It occurs more often at night or in the morning, after a short period of warning signs.

Depending on the location of the lesion, the patient exhibits:

• impaired consciousness of varying degrees (from dizziness to coma);
• sensitivity changes in the legs and arms;
• no movement in the lower or upper limbs on one side or both;
• speech is difficult;
• have difficulty swallowing;
• mental symptoms appear (suspiciousness, irritability, apathy and depression).

Must be assigned:

• vasodilators;
• agents that promote tissue resistance to low oxygen levels;
• sedatives;
• vitamins and anabolic steroids to support metabolism in damaged cells.

Neurocirculatory dystonia

The disease serves as an example of damage to peripheral arteries due to a malfunction of the management departments of the central nervous system. An excess of sympathetic influence on the muscle membrane leads to a short-term spasm of the blood vessels of the brain and internal organs. Manifestations of dystonia are very diverse:

• headaches;
• slight increase or decrease in blood pressure;
• dizziness;
• tendency to faint;
• palpitations and arrhythmias;
• diarrhea or prolonged constipation;
• nausea and lack of appetite;
• slight increase in body temperature.

The disease affects up to 80% of urban residents. It is detected in children during adolescence after overwork, past infection. Treatment consists of rational nutrition, regular physical activity, medications that calm the nervous system.

Major peripheral vascular diseases

The most common peripheral vascular diseases include:

• obliterating arteritis of the lower extremities;
• atherosclerosis of the arteries of the legs;
• varicose veins;
• thrombophlebitis.

Obliteration of the vessels of the legs is caused by nonspecific (without a pathogen) inflammation of the entire wall. Most often this is an autoimmune process that tends to be inherited. Mostly middle-aged men are affected. Great value is attributed to the smoking factor. Nicotine has a toxic effect on the peripheral vessels of the legs. Obliterating endarteritis affects men of the middle age group, atherosclerosis of the arteries of the legs affects old age. The symptoms are:

• sharp pain in the calves on one or both sides;
• cramps in the lower extremities;
• chilly feet even in warm weather;
• the pain intensifies when walking, so “intermittent claudication” occurs (the person must stop and stand until it goes away);
• trophic changes on the skin - non-healing cracks, ulcers.

Varicose veins of superficial and deep veins begin with loss of tone and sagging of the subcutaneous vessels. This shows up:

• red “spiders” on the skin of the lower leg and thigh;
• increased fatigue of the legs;
• swelling of the feet in the evening;
• aching pain in the calves and feet.

Damage to the deep venous trunks leads to more severe symptoms:

• pain bothers me constantly;
• feet become bluish;
• thickened venous plexuses are visible under the skin.

A special form of varicose veins is hemorrhoids. This pathology complements bowel movement disorders due to intestinal diseases and a sedentary lifestyle. The expansion of the external hemorrhoidal veins and the internal vascular ring leads to the following consequences:

• bursting pain in the anus;
• constant itching and burning;
• bleeding during bowel movements.

Mild varicose veins are treated by:

• tonics;
• gymnastics;
• wearing compression garments;
• rubbing with ointments.

In severe cases, only surgical techniques help. The doctor selects treatment depending on the depth and diameter of the damaged vessels (sclerotherapy methods, radiofrequency ablation) or offers surgery to remove the entire vein.

Thrombophlebitis complicates the course of varicose veins by the addition of internal or external infection. Inflamed area looks red, swollen, and hot to the touch. Palpation is painful. Thrombophlebitis is most often localized in the superficial veins of the legs and arms. May be accompanied elevated temperature body and pain.

The disease is associated with dangerous consequences- separation of a part of the thrombus, turning it into an embolus with drift of the blood flow into femoral vein, portal, inferior hollow and right atrium. From here an unobstructed path to the pulmonary artery opens.

Thrombosis of the branches of the pulmonary artery leads to infarction of part of the lung, and occlusion of the main vessel causes instant death. A similar complication may occur in a patient postoperative period. Therefore, in preparation for surgical interventions Thrombosis prevention is always carried out (tight bandaging of the legs, a course of anticoagulants).

Diseases of the peripheral vessels of the legs in a severe stage are accompanied by gangrene of the toes and overlying parts. Therapeutic measures designed to prevent tissue necrosis. Vascular pathology is especially severe against the background of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis of the femoral artery.

Is it possible to prevent vascular diseases?

To prevent damage to the vascular bed, it is necessary to maintain the tone of the walls, which means that the diet should always contain vitamins from vegetables and fruits.

Dietary requirements for the treatment of arterial atherosclerosis: exclude fatty and fried foods, sweets, and alcohol. Be sure to consume low-fat dairy products and fish.

Smoking should be treated as a serious obstacle to the treatment of the disease. Any, even the most modern treatment, will not be successful if you continue to smoke.

Movement is the key to healthy blood vessels. Daily gymnastics activates blood flow in small capillaries, peripheral veins. You should not engage in strenuous sports or prolonged physical work. Walking, swimming, Pilates are recommended.

Due to the variety of forms of diseases, vascular problems are dealt with by: cardiologists, therapists, surgeons, neurologists, phlebologists, neurosurgeons. If symptoms occur, it is necessary to undergo examination and begin treatment. This will help prevent dangerous complications.

Why does obesity occur in children and why is it dangerous?

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to excessive deposition of adipose tissue in the body. It is often called a disease of civilization. Indeed, the main factors in the development of pathology are considered to be overeating and a sedentary lifestyle characteristic of residents big cities. Today there is a significant increase in the incidence and high prevalence of obesity in children.

The problem of excess weight lies not only in non-compliance with beauty standards: it lies much deeper. The appearance of excess weight in children can have hundreds of reasons and just as many possible consequences for health. You will learn about risk factors for childhood obesity, clinical manifestations of disorders of internal organs caused by excess body weight, and what to do about obesity in boys and girls from our article.

The essence of the problem

Childhood obesity is a condition that is characterized by an excess of the actual weight of the child by 15% or more from the maximum average values. The body mass index is at least 30 kg/m².

There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of the disease throughout the world. More than 60% of adults treated for obesity have weight problems that began in childhood or adolescence. Excess weight in a child can lead to diseases of all body systems in the future:

• cardiovascular;
• endocrine;
• reproductive;
• digestive;
• musculoskeletal;
• respiratory.

Common Causes

Increasingly, concerned parents turn to their doctor with complaints about the appearance of excess weight in their child, the causes of which can be very diverse. Excess body weight is provoked by both exogenous (nutritional) and endogenous (endocrine) factors.

Overeating

One of the main reasons for the development of the disease is the regular excess of energy entering the body over energy expended. This is achieved by eating large quantity high-calorie foods:

• confectionery sweets - sweets, cookies, pastries, pies;
• muffins and baked goods;
• fried foods;
• fatty meat, lard;
• cream, sour cream;
• mayonnaise and sauces based on it;
• Fstfood.

Physical inactivity

A sedentary lifestyle significantly reduces the consumption of calories entering the body with food. Obesity in a child often results from:

• sedentary games;
• lying in bed during the daytime;
• watching TV for a long time;
• constant presence at the computer.

Hereditary predisposition and genetic diseases

The role of hereditary predisposition in the development of excess weight in adolescents and children has been proven in several clinical studies. The biochemical features of metabolism, the processes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the deficiency of enzyme substances in the body are responsible for the gain of excess body weight. There are cases of familial obesity.

Row genetic diseases is also accompanied by obesity in adolescents and children. The hereditary nature of the pathology is indicated by the presence of stigmas of disembryogenesis and accompanying symptoms– muscle hypotonia, visual impairment, mental disability.

Thyroid diseases

Obesity in a child is often a consequence of hormonal imbalance thyroid gland.

For example, congenital hypothyroidism manifests itself immediately after birth. Along with higher body weight compared to peers, a newborn with low level thyroid hormone levels are sluggish, rarely screams, and has a booming, deep voice. His muscle groups are in a state of hypotonicity, and his stomach is distended.

If the disease is not diagnosed within a few days after birth, symptoms develop during the first three to four months of life. following symptoms:

• decreased appetite - the child is reluctant to suck on the mother’s breast or bottle;
• bloating, flatulence;
• constipation;
• pallor, dry skin.

A little later, signs of delayed psycho-emotional and motor development come to the fore: children with congenital hypothyroidism later begin to hold their heads, roll over from back to stomach, sit, and crawl. They take their first steps closer to one and a half years.

Obesity of a child with congenital deficiency thyroid hormone levels develop gradually. Despite poor appetite, the baby gains weight and remains larger than his peers. Subcutaneous fat in hypothyroidism is distributed gradually, sometimes obesity is accompanied by myxedema - dense interstitial edema in the face, neck, arms and upper torso.

Acquired hypothyroidism often develops in adolescents during puberty (due to powerful hormonal changes in the body). Excess weight in children with reduced functional activity of the thyroid gland is accompanied by:

• deterioration of memory and concentration processes;
• decreased performance at school;
• various disorders of the digestive system: bloating, flatulence, constipation;
• dry, brittle hair and nails;
• cardialgic pain, heart rhythm disturbances.

Adrenal diseases

Violation of the endocrine regulation of the adrenal glands is also often accompanied by the appearance of excess weight in childhood. Thus, with Itsenko-Cushing's disease, accompanied by increased production of glucocorticosteroid hormones, there is sharp increase body weight.

Against the background of this cause of obesity in children, the distribution of subcutaneous fat occurs according to a special pattern: most of the fat deposits are based on the face and upper torso, while the arms, abdomen and lower limbs remain thin.

Diseases of the gonads

Disorders of the endocrine regulation of sex hormones actively manifest themselves at the time of puberty, adolescents 12-15 years old.

Adipose-genital dystrophy in boys is accompanied by a sharp weight gain, underdevelopment of the internal and external genital organs, gynecomastia (increased mammary glands), the absence of secondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of a beard, mustache, pubic and armpit hair.

Polycystic ovary syndrome in girls, along with obesity, is characterized by menstrual irregularities, excessive hair growth on the face and body, and seborrhea.

CNS diseases

Organic and functional lesions of the central nervous system can cause uncontrolled weight gain. If a child suffers from neurogenic obesity, it is most often due to:

• traumatic brain injuries;
• previous meningitis, meningoencephalitis and other inflammatory diseases;
• brain tumors;
• neuro complications surgical operations.

The most common cause of obesity is damage to the pituitary gland. It is he who controls the processes of growth and weight loss in the body. Additional symptoms of central nervous system diseases include headaches, nausea and vomiting of central origin. In boys, gynecomastia may additionally be observed, in girls - various disorders menstrual cycle.

Taking certain medications

Some medications your child may need to take long time as prescribed by a doctor, can also provoke the development of obesity. Among them:

• hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (glucocorticosteroids);
• estrogen-containing drugs;
• antiallergic drugs (in particular, Ketotifen);
• thyreostatics Mercazolil, Tyrosol;
• drugs used in psychiatry (Amitriptyline, Anafranil).

How is obesity classified?

Despite the fact that the problem of excess body weight is often visible to the naked eye, many parents are interested in how to determine at home whether a child has weight problems.

The classification of obesity in children, based on the definition of BMI, which is successfully used in adulthood, is not without drawbacks. However, its prevalence remains quite high. To determine obesity and its degree, it is necessary to calculate the body mass index - a value that allows you to assess the correspondence of weight to height. BMI = weight (kg)/height² (m²).

For example, if a boy is 8 years old, his height is 125 cm, and his weight is 24 kg, body mass index is calculated using the formula: BMI = 24/1.25*1.25 = 15.36

Normal BMI values ​​for a child are slightly lower than for an adult and range from 15 to 18.5. This is due to the physique of the child’s body.

The interpretation of the results obtained, as well as the degree of obesity in children, is presented in the table below.

Pre-obesity is accompanied by an increase in body weight by 10-29% of the generally accepted norm. The child does not experience much discomfort; parents and others may not notice (not pay attention) to the weight gain.

Obesity of the first degree is characterized by an increase in body weight by 30-49%. For the first time, the baby is faced with certain health problems - shortness of breath, decreased tolerance to physical activity, excessive sweating. Attracts attention external signs obesity and body fat growth.

With grade 2 obesity in children, the total weight is increased by 50-99% of the average. At this stage, fat deposits become stable and difficult to undergo therapeutic correction. In the second degree of obesity, signs of damage to internal organs are observed - hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes), reactive pancreatitis and cholecystitis.

With the third (morbid) degree of obesity, there is a critical increase in weight by 100% or more from the average values. Children with this form of the disease suffer from a variety of pathologies of internal organs. They often have difficulty moving and require constant care. It is possible to adjust their metabolism and start the process of losing weight only with the help of long-term drug correction.

Method associated with calculating BMI in diagnosis childhood obesity very rude and inaccurate. Therefore, pediatricians and endocrinologists prefer to replace it with a more reliable one, based on the use of centile tables. They take into account not only BMI indicators, but also the age and gender of the baby.

Modern centile tables, created in 2006, are easy to use. They consist of rows corresponding to the child's age and columns that indicate the percentage of children with certain weight indicators.

For example, a boy who is 3 years old has a BMI of 18. We check the table:

1. The Median indicator reflects the absolute norm. According to WHO, most healthy three-year-old boys have a BMI of 15.6.
2. Values ​​that fit into the corridor between columns -1 and +1 are also considered normal BMI indicators. In our example – 14.4-16.9.
3. A BMI value located between columns 1 and 2 indicates overweight bodies. For a boy three years – 16,9-18,4.
4. Values ​​between columns 2 and 3 indicate clinical obesity. In the example –18.4-20.0.

Thus, our patient is overweight. He needs to adjust his diet and undergo examination for possible endocrine pathology.

When extra pounds are dangerous

Excess weight has negative influence for the functioning of all internal organs and systems. These changes are especially dangerous in childhood, when the body is most inactive and reacts sharply to any pathological changes.

Cardiovascular system

Obesity increases the volume of circulating blood and creates additional stress on the heart muscle. This provokes the appearance of symptoms in the child:

• arterial hypertension;
• coronary heart disease;
• atherosclerotic lesions of arterial vessels;
• chronic heart failure.

Diseases that are more typical for older people become a reality for young patients and pose a significant threat to life.

Gastrointestinal tract

Formed negative eating habits, regular consumption of harmful foods and impaired metabolism create the prerequisites for the formation of chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract already in childhood. Among them:

• gastritis;
• gastroduodenitis;
• cholecystitis;
• biliary dyskinesia;
• pancreatitis;
• steatosis (fatty infiltration) of the liver;
• liver failure.

Musculoskeletal system and endocrine glands

Excess body weight puts an excessive burden on the child’s incompletely formed bones and joints, often causing the development of synovitis, flat feet, “X” or “O”-shaped deformation of the lower extremities.

Fatty infiltration of functional pancreatic cells leads to impaired glucose tolerance and the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The activity of the gonads in obesity also decreases significantly, which causes late puberty and infertility in adulthood.

Nervous system

Excess weight in a child often provokes the development of pathological changes in the nervous system. The most common syndromes include:

• various sleep disorders;
• snoring during sleep;
• dysregulation of breathing processes;
• asthenic conditions;
• neuroses.

Against the background of ridicule from their peers, sick children and adolescents often withdraw into themselves, they develop depression and an inferiority complex. It is very difficult to treat such conditions: often mental and behavioral disorders remain with the patient for life. This becomes the reason deviant behavior, can stimulate the onset of alcohol and drug abuse.

Principles of disease diagnosis

Diagnosis of obesity in children is based on a conversation between the child and his parents with a doctor, general clinical examination, performance assessment physical development(height, weight, BMI) and comparing them with standardized values. Diagnose diseases associated with obesity and its possible reasons You can use additional tests:

• clinical blood test;
• clinical urine analysis;
• biochemical blood test (with determination of the level of glucose, cholesterol and its fractions, total protein, bilirubin, liver enzymes);
• hormone tests (T3, T4, TSH to determine thyroid function, adrenal hormones);
• instrumental tests - x-ray examination, computed tomography, MRI, ultrasound.

The diagnosis should reflect the degree of obesity determined in the child, as well as any associated diseases.

Current treatment approaches

Treatment of obesity in children is a long process that requires integrated approach and careful adherence to medical recommendations. The complex of therapeutic measures includes:

• diet correction: following the principles of a healthy, balanced diet;
• expansion of available physical activity, dosed exercise, regular walks and games fresh air;
• drug therapy;
• surgical correction of the condition - according to indications.

In addition, in the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents important role plays the identification and elimination of the causes that caused it.

Treatment of childhood obesity begins with the preparation and selection of an individual nutrition plan. You cannot use standardized recommendations, because when creating a diet, the doctor must take into account not only the weight and initial stage of the disease, but also the age, individual constitutional characteristics, as well as medical contraindications of the child.

1. Fractional (5-6 times a day) meals in small portions.
2. Exclusion from the diet of confectionery, sweets, fast food and other food “garbage”.
3. Regular consumption of vegetables and fruits - sources of fiber, vitamins, and microelements.
4. Sufficient drinking regime.

Complex treatment also includes adequate physical activity. There are also no standard recommendations in choosing it. Some overweight children tolerate active games in the fresh air well, while others like swimming or strength training in the gym. All kids, without exception, benefit from 30-60 minute walks before bed.

Drug treatment is used when other conservative methods therapies turn out to be ineffective. The following medications can be used as prescribed by a doctor:

• Orlistat;
• Sibutramine;
• Rimonabat;
• Metformin;
• Exenatin.

The mechanism of action of such drugs is based on suppressing appetite, increasing metabolism and reducing the body’s ability to absorb fats and fat-like substances coming from food.

For obesity in children, treatment based on surgery is rarely used. Bariatric surgery is prescribed only for vital signs and include:

• gastric banding;
• gastric bypass;
• gastroplasty (various options).

Despite the fact that such operations are designed to treat obesity, they do not have a direct effect on its cause. Therefore, even after successful surgery, the child needs to follow a diet and maintain a sufficient level of physical activity.

Prevention of obesity in children lies in creating the right eating behavior, timely treatment endocrine, neurological and other diseases leading to uncontrolled weight gain. Of no small importance is a friendly atmosphere and trusting relationships in the family, the absence of screams, scandals and squabbles.

Typically a result of obesity in general. This is a stage when human organs literally “swim” with fat, become deformed and their functioning is disrupted. What constitutes obesity of body parts, and internal organs in particular, we will try to consider in more detail.

Obesity of body parts

You might be surprised to learn that many thin people also suffer from internal obesity- this is another one that you may not have known about. It is not so unaesthetic and not striking, but it is no less dangerous than general obesity. We are talking about obesity of human internal organs.

In Western Europe and America, according to statistics, from 40 to 70% of the population suffer from obesity; in Russia the figure is close to 50%. Doctors have long been not just sounding the alarm - they are shouting: “SOS!” Along with the benefits, technological progress has led to people moving less and spending fewer calories, and, as a result, turning into mountains of fat. After all, in order to “take charge of yourself” sometimes you need remarkable willpower!

What is internal obesity? This is the most dangerous look obesity. Regular fat accumulates in subcutaneous layers, and besides aesthetic problems does not bring to its owner big trouble. When internal obesity begins, internal organs suffer and disrupt their function. And everything would be fine, but this results in numerous illnesses and malfunctions of the body, which force us to interrupt our usual routine to go to the doctors and fight the symptoms of diseases, which, alas, are not pleasant. So isn’t it easier to deal with the root of the problem – obesity itself?

Causes of internal obesity:

1. Poor nutrition.

2. General obesity.

Obesity of internal organs

According to medical research, if you drink 1 liter of Coca-Cola a day, you are guaranteed to get internal fatty liver, even if you maintain normal body weight. And in general, poor nutrition and systematic overeating are the reasons why a person begins to become fat in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

Fat, which is so necessary for the body in small quantities, when consumed in excess, begins to be deposited in the most dangerous places. Its deposits between the fibers of the heart lead to cardiac obesity, and on the walls of the stomach - to gastric obesity. Of course, the same fatty heart can also be an age-related phenomenon. However, its manifestations are increasingly noticeable in young people.

And if obesity of the face, obesity of the abdomen and obesity of the legs are a problem of appearance, then obesity of the stomach and pancreas is the cause of serious disruptions in the functioning of the body. According to doctors, disturbances in the functioning of the pancreas associated with internal obesity are a direct path to diabetes. Obesity of the kidneys also does not improve the health of its owner; stones appear in them, which cause a lot of pain and trouble, and can also cause the kidneys to stop functioning.

Uterine obesity is the reason why a woman’s body begins to hormonal changes leading to infertility, and in men, obesity leads to impotence.

However, that's not all. An obese person is a person with little intelligence! The fact is that - as doctors have proven - obesity of the brain leads to a decrease in its functionality and, as a result, a person simply becomes stupid. Of course, without noticing it. The final development of this process may be Alzheimer's disease or other brain diseases.

Obesity is generally not easy to deal with. This disease occurs because a person develops poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle. And we understand that these are the most conservative habits that are very difficult to change. But it’s never too late to think about why a person should live: in order to eat and as a result to have whole bouquet painful illnesses and a feeling of insignificance or in order to fully enjoy life, which, as we know, is fleeting?

Obesity of internal organs, especially the pancreas, leads to a serious disruption of its normal functioning. Fatty infiltration of the pancreas or steatosis, as this pathology is otherwise called, develops as a result of the accumulation of fats in the cells of the organs.

Fat cells prevent normal operation healthy cells. The reasons, first of all, should be sought in metabolic disorders. Despite the seriousness of the disease, with timely initiation of treatment, its progression can be stopped and organ function restored.

Reasons for the development of pathology

The essence of the disease is that healthy pancreatic tissue is replaced by fat cells. The process of obesity is characterized by slow development and can last for years. In most cases, pancreatic obesity is not independent disease, this is the result of the development of other disorders in the body, i.e. it is a secondary pathology.

Pancreatic obesity occurs due to various reasons, but in most cases it is associated with metabolic disorders. Against this background, normal organ cells die and are replaced by fat cells. The occurrence of the disease can be triggered by the following factors:

• alcohol abuse;
• acute or chronic pancreatitis;
• hereditary predisposition;
• diabetes mellitus;
• chronic hepatitis;
• excess body weight;
• thyroid diseases.

Symptoms

There are no symptoms of the disease in the initial stages due to the fact that fat cells, located in separate areas of the pancreas, are not yet able to compress nearby organs and therefore their functionality is not temporarily affected.

As the disease progresses and fat cells accumulate in the gland, the following signs appear:

• nausea and vomiting;
• abdominal cramps;
• increased gas formation;
• feeling of heaviness;
• frequent stools with fatty admixtures;
• diarrhea;
• pain in the right hypochondrium.

Symptoms of the disease appear when a third of the organ is replaced by fatty tissue. As a result, the functioning of the pancreas itself is disrupted and other surrounding organs are compressed. Since the complete digestion process is ensured by enzymes secreted by the gland, if its functioning is impaired due to obesity, fatty and protein foods are especially difficult to digest.

Depending on the extent of damage to the gland by fat cells, there are 3 degrees of such obesity. The first degree is characterized by damage to 1/3 of healthy gland cells, the second degree 2/3 and the third more than 60%. The crowding of fat cells and the location of their accumulation also affect the severity of the disease.

Why is it dangerous? overweight

Diagnostic and treatment methods

Any disruption of the pancreas affects the functioning of other nearby organs, in particular the stomach and, as well as the spleen and kidneys. In addition, the endocrine and cardiovascular systems are affected. All this necessitates the need to take therapeutic measures to restore normal functioning of the pancreas.

Treatment methods for pancreatic obesity are determined after diagnostic procedures. To detect this disease it is used ultrasound examination, which allows you to identify areas of increased echogenicity in the tissues of the pancreas. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal cavity is used, which can be used to accurately determine where in the organ fatty areas are located. The patient is also prescribed urine and blood tests.

For pancreatic obesity, treatment is carried out mainly using conservative medicine methods and following the principles proper nutrition. Surgical treatment applies only to running and difficult cases diseases. But surgical methods are rarely used. In general, pancreatic obesity can be successfully treated, provided that adequate measures are taken in a timely manner and a special diet is followed.

Obesity of the pancreas is characterized by a slow course and therefore the patient has time to normalize the problems that have arisen in the functioning of the organ. For treatment to be successful, the patient must completely stop taking any type of alcoholic products and stick to your diet. If a patient with pancreatic obesity takes any medications that affect the diseased organ, they should be discontinued or replaced with others.

The goals of treatment are to reduce the load on the pancreas and stop the process of cell death. Therapy is long-term and complex. It is selected individually in each specific case. For the treatment of pancreatic pathologies, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

• eliminating pancreatic insufficiency and stimulating digestion - Pancreatin, Festal, Mezim;
• antispasmodics that relieve pain - Platyfillin or No-shpa;
• drugs that normalize hormonal levels and metabolism.

Nutritional Features

Since the pancreas plays a key role in the digestion process, to get rid of obesity it is necessary to reduce the load on it. A special diet is provided for this. It will help improve metabolic processes and prevent further fat deposition in the pancreas tissue.

Strict control over nutrition will help correct any disturbances in the functioning of the pancreas. Diet is necessary not only after the acute phase of the disease has been eliminated, but also during the period of remission, to prevent relapses.

The main point in such a diet is the exclusion or minimal consumption of foods that slow down digestion and increase inflammatory processes in the gland. This applies primarily to spicy, fried, salty and sweet foods and alcohol. Meals should be frequent and small.

The therapeutic diet involves drinking large amounts of fluid, at least 3 liters per day. You can drink any water. It is useful to include dried fruit compote in your drinking regime, but without adding sugar. You should not drink carbonated drinks, coffee or cocoa, or grape juice. Weak tea with lemon is allowed. Allowed drinks include decoctions of herbs and berries diluted with water.

It is recommended to include more fermented milk products in your diet - yogurt, yogurt, kefir. Food should be chopped or pureed. Preference should be given to boiled, baked or steamed foods. Avoid eating too hot or cold foods. The last meal should be 2 hours before bedtime.

According to the diet for pancreatic obesity, the following products are allowed for consumption:

• dried bread from wheat flour Not premium, crackers, unleavened dry biscuits;
• curd products and milk;
• soups and dishes made from boiled and stewed vegetables with the addition of a small amount of butter or sour cream;

• porridge from rice, oatmeal, buckwheat and semolina;
• boiled pasta;
• lean meats and fish, chicken eggs;
• soft and sweet berries and fruits, baked apples.

In case of obesity of internal organs, high-fat dairy products and broth-based soups, fatty meats, canned foods and offal should be excluded from the diet. Wheat, barley, pearl barley and corn porridge are prohibited. You should not eat fruits and vegetables with a high content of coarse fiber.

Video: Abdominal obesity

From medicine, the etiology of obesity is the deposition of excess fat in the subcutaneous tissue, tissues, and organs. The disease is manifested by a weight gain of 20% or more from the normal body mass index (BMI). Obesity causes psychophysical discomfort, sexual disorders, diseases of the joints and spine. The risk of developing coronary heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus increases. Neglected cases can result in disability and death. Women aged 30-60 years are twice as likely to develop the disease.

Types of obesity

Weight is controlled using the BMI ratio, which is the ratio of a person's weight to their height squared. Normal value the coefficient ranges from 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. There is also Broca's index, which is calculated as body height in cm minus 100. The values ​​of the indicator cannot be considered completely reliable. Using arithmetic, the degree of obesity is also calculated as the ratio of the proper weight to the measured weight and multiplied by 100%. The disease has several classifications: according to the mechanism of development, places of localization of deposits, and cause of occurrence.

Classification by development mechanism:

1. hyperplastic (increase in the number of adipocytes, i.e. fat cells);
2. hypertrophic (increase in the size of adipocytes and their fat content).

Classification by fat localization:

1. Android (apple type). Fat deposits accumulate in the torso area (armpits, abdomen). It is more common in men, which is why it is also called the male type.
2. Gynoid (pear-type). Fat accumulates mainly in the thighs, buttocks, and lower abdomen. The second name is based on the female type.
3. Mixed type. The deposits are evenly distributed throughout the body.

Classification by reason of occurrence:

1. Primary or alimentary-constitutional.
2. Secondary.

In addition, secondary obesity is divided into:

• cerebral;
• endocrine;
• against the background of taking antipsychotics, mental illness.

Symptoms

Characteristic symptoms will help determine the presence and extent of the disease. There are 4 main stages with the following BMI indicators, depending on age:

First stage

This type is more common in children. Characterized by slight weight gain, approximately 20% of ideal weight. It does not cause any discomfort. Women, when minor visible manifestations appear, begin to exhaust themselves with diets. Frequent breakdowns result in even more weight gain, psychological trauma. Symptoms of first degree obesity:

• increased appetite;
• chronic overeating.

Second stage

In the second degree, the risk of dysfunction increases, and metabolism slows down even more. The percentage of fat from lean body mass is 30-50%. Obesity in the second stage is characterized by the following symptoms:

• dyspnea;
• pain in the spine;
• dysfunction endocrine system
• discomfort in the joints;
• profuse sweating.

Third degree

Obesity is difficult to tolerate. A person’s weight in the third stage exceeds normal body weight (NBW) by 50% or more. BDC is the weight that corresponds to the height of a particular person, taking into account his body type. In the third degree, a person has difficulty withstanding even minimal physical activity. The following symptoms are noted:

• drowsiness;
• decreased mood;
• nervousness;
• swelling of the lower extremities;
• liver enlargement.

In addition to the listed symptoms of the third stage, complications of obesity arise:

• arthrosis of the joints;
• myocardial infarction;
• strokes.

Fourth degree

A person's body weight is doubled compared to normal. This stage is rarely achieved, since advanced third degree often turns fatal, the person simply does not live to see it. Rare people with the fourth stage of the disease they lead a bed lifestyle. Symptoms of obesity of the fourth degree:

• the usual contours of the body are no longer visible;
• inability to perform basic actions independently;
• respiratory failure;
• decreased appetite.

Signs of obesity

The development of nutritional-constitutional or primary obesity is caused by an exogenous (nutritional) factor. Weight gain is associated with high energy value diet with low energy consumption. Secondary obesity is often accompanied by hereditary syndromes:

• Lawrence-Moon-Barde;
• Gelineau;
• Babinski-Froelich disease.

This type of illness can develop against the background of cerebral lesions:

• dissemination of systemic lesions;
• brain tumors;
• traumatic brain injuries;
• infectious diseases;
• consequences of surgical operations;
• mental disorders.

Alimentary-constitutional

In women, the main fat trap is often the thigh area, in men - the abdominal area. In contrast to the secondary type of obesity, with alimentary-constitutional obesity there are no symptoms of damage endocrine glands However, the disease manifests itself as follows:

• excess weight increases gradually;
• fat deposits are evenly distributed throughout the body.

Hypothalamic

Signs of hypothalamic obesity:

• obesity develops very quickly;
• fat is deposited in the buttocks, thighs, and abdomen;
• Trophic skin disorders are characteristic (white and pink stretch marks on the skin of the thighs, buttocks, dryness);
• increased appetite, especially in the evening.

Endocrine

Endocrine type obesity is divided into the following subgroups:

• pituitary;
• hypothyroid;
• menopausal;
• adrenal;
• mixed.

The endocrine form of obesity is characterized by the presence of symptoms associated with underlying and concomitant diseases caused by hormonal imbalance. Manifested by the following symptoms:

• feminization (masculinization);
• hirsutism;
• gynecomastia;
• lipomatosis

Signs of obesity in internal organs

Subcutaneous or visceral fat settles on internal organs and impedes their functioning. It is localized in the torso area, enveloping the liver, heart and kidneys. The presence of this type of fat can be determined by measuring your waist circumference (WC). There is a high risk of developing diseases associated with visceral fat in women with WC > 88 cm, in men with WC > 102 cm. This type of fat:

• increases blood cholesterol levels;
• increases blood pressure;
• provokes inflammatory processes;
• increases the amount of testosterone in women, decreases it in men.

Why is obesity dangerous?

The disease can completely destabilize the functioning of the body. Excess weight affects the psycho-emotional state, causes depression, complete rejection of oneself. The disease can provoke diseases of the spine, joints, cardiovascular system, destabilization of liver functions, development endocrine diseases, decreased function of the genital organs, menstrual irregularities in women and premature menopause. Obesity stages III and IV can be fatal.

Treatment

An important step treatment is the diagnosis of obesity. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, appropriate treatment is selected. In the first stages, a low-calorie, hypocarbohydrate diet and moderate physical activity are prescribed. With a sufficient amount of protein and fiber in the diet, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of fats and carbohydrates. Mostly fractional meals(5-6 times a day) and aerobic exercise.

Starting from the advanced second stage of the disease and higher, drug treatment is prescribed. Drugs of the amphetamine group (phentermine, amfepramone, dexafenfluramine) are used. They dull the feeling of hunger and promote faster satiety. Some possible side effects, For example, mild nausea, dryness in oral cavity, irritability, insomnia, allergies, addiction. In this case, fat-mobilizing drugs such as sibutramine and orlistat are prescribed.

At stages III and IV, in order to save a person’s life and lose excess weight, it is necessary surgical intervention. Popular methods of bariatric surgery today: gastric banding, vertical gastroplasty, gastric bypass. IN for cosmetic purposes They use a procedure to remove local fat deposits on the body called liposuction.

Most people are already in the pre-obesity stage. In order not to start the development of the disease, you need to reconsider your eating habits, adhere to the balance of calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, based on your norm. You need to periodically measure OT and track your weight loss results using photos. Photos not only reflect progress, but also serve as a kind of motivator. To adjust lipid metabolism, you need to maintain water balance and sleep patterns, increase physical activity.

Video

The causes in women are related to genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalance in the body, poor diet and insufficiently active lifestyle. Let's look at each reason in detail. Let's analyze the consequences of obesity in women and how to get rid of extra pounds without harming yourself.

• We recommend reading: and

A woman's genetic predisposition to obesity is a common cause. Genes are responsible for appetite and metabolism in the body, for the breakdown of fats and their distribution.

But an important role here is played by the culture of food education, family lifestyle, and food preferences. If the family eats constantly, mother makes cheesecakes every day, then it is difficult for the growing generation to form a different view of food culture.

Hormonal changes

In fact, a woman is exposed to hormonal disruptions very often: teenage changes during puberty, changes during pregnancy, menopausal syndrome. In addition, after thirty years a woman by nature loses muscle mass and therefore she needs less calorie consumption, and on the contrary, a lot of high-calorie food comes into her diet. Stress also plays a significant role in obesity. A woman “seizes” on her problems at work or family troubles. Stress itself causes hormonal imbalance in the body, and if you also lean on food, then obesity will definitely occur!

Pregnancy and childbirth provoke a positive factor for the development of various diseases. The fact is that during pregnancy, hormonal changes in the body occur.

In order to give birth on time, and not ahead of time, a large amount of the female hormone, progesterone, is produced. A baby in the womb requires twice the normal caloric intake. You need to eat for two during pregnancy. When a child is born, the mother’s body experiences enormous stress, which also leads to disruption at the hormonal level. IN postpartum period lactation begins, this factor does not allow choosing a diet for a woman. It takes a long time to regain weight, and some will even have to resort to treatment for the disease.

Hormonal shifts are caused by: contraception such as antidepressants, diseases of the pituitary gland, neoplasms of the pancreas, diseases of the thyroid gland and tumors of the ovaries and adrenal glands.

Menopause also leads to varying degrees of obesity. At this time, the endocrine system suffers, and in old age a woman has a lot of concomitant diseases. As the body wears out, it undergoes a huge load on the cardiovascular and muscular systems, metabolism suffers, which leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, older people move very little.

Types of obesity and their consequences

What does obesity lead to? Different lead to various problems with health.

Abdominal

Most often, women suffer from abdominal problems, i.e. abdominal obesity. Fats are deposited in the abdominal area and peritoneum. This type is not difficult to determine. In the photo, people with abdominal obesity have a figure that looks like. Here only the shape of the abdomen suffers; the rest of the body is normal at this stage.

The abdominal type of fat deposition is dangerous because it leads to diabetes, pregnancy is impossible for a woman, and hence infertility.

Abdominal obesity in women can develop into– when fatty deposits appear on and around internal organs. Fat begins to localize between the fibers of the heart muscle.

Visceral obesity is seen as a threat. We cannot tell about this stage of obesity from a photo of such a person; it can be determined by taking a test and undergoing diagnostics. Changes in the cardiovascular system occur inside the body, blood sugar increases, and the heart suffers. People who are sick with this type of obesity cannot fully move, and walking long distances causes them inconvenience, causing shortness of breath and tachycardia. If obesity reaches a woman’s uterus, then you can forget about sex life. All these reasons lead to problems with conception, pregnancy will not be possible, there will be infertility, treatment will take a long time.

Obesity legs

Obesity of the legs (gynoid type) is obesity (lipodystrophy) and is classified as endocrine. With this disease, fat accumulates only on the abdomen, thighs and leg structure.

The figure of such people resembles a pear. It causes complications both from the cardiovascular system and the skeletal system - osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis.

Sufferers of this type complain of leg diseases and the inability to move. Sometimes the fat grows to such an extent that a person cannot lift his legs without assistance. Reproductive function also suffers - pregnancy cannot occur.

Male type

There is also android obesity- this is when fats are deposited according to the male type. In the photo, this degree can be determined by damage to such parts of the body as the upper abdomen and chest. The shape of the legs and hips remains normal, but the waist does not.

Mixed

Mixed type, when fats are distributed throughout a woman’s body. Characteristic signs changes in this type of disease can be determined visually. The figure in the photo of such a person will be covered with fat deposits evenly everywhere. The shape of the abdomen, the shape of the legs, arms, back, etc. suffer.

Obesity of any type causes irreversible consequences such as diabetes, infertility, colon and small intestine cancer.

Obesity causes menstrual irregularities - amenorrhea, which leads to the fact that a woman cannot become pregnant. Infertility in obese women is 33%, compared with 18% infertility in women of normal weight.

Stages of treatment

If a woman is obese, she is prescribed diagnosis and treatment. To determine the degree of obesity, calculate (BMI), body obesity index (BII), types of obesity.

Analyzes

Be sure to conduct laboratory research and get tested. The doctor will order blood tests for sugar and cholesterol levels.

Be sure to prescribe tests for thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine and thyrotropin. It is also important to test the blood for prolactin; perhaps a woman’s infertility lies in the deviation of this hormone from the norm.

Abdominal obesity can occur with low male hormone, which is called testosterone, so testing for its presence and levels in the blood will be useful. Depending on the test results and the degree of the disease, the doctor prescribes treatment.

Diet, exercise

For all types of obesity appoint special diets, sports exercises aimed at the entire body as a whole and at problem areas, for example, the abdomen. Drug treatment must be prescribed.

For hormonal obesity if there are testosterone deviations from the norm, a diet is prescribed where the restriction will be included. If these are the degrees of obesity at which endocrine system disorders occur, then a diet with sugar restriction will be prescribed.

Daily routine active sport, swimming pool and daily walks will become an obligatory part of the life of an obese patient.

In case of obesity due to a genetic factor They also select a diet; the Doctor will definitely tell you about the correct nutritional culture, prescribe exercise, and prescribe medications to the woman that reduce the feeling of hunger. Although it is very difficult to fight genetic obesity, since the factor of abnormal life activity, instilled from childhood, is added.

In order not to bring the disease to a more severe degree, a woman can change her diet in a positive direction for health. Try to replace high-calorie foods with healthy vegetables and fruits. Replace large portions of food with small ones. You may not be able to lose weight to your desired weight, but stopping fat growth is quite possible. This way, many complications will be avoided.

Drugs

Drug treatment: they are prescribed to either reduce the hormone or increase it. Depending on the level, its balance is restored. To treat female obesity, which is caused by poor nutrition and lack of exercise, therapy is used, as for genetic obesity. In addition to drug treatment, a nutritionist can refer a woman to a psychologist, as this is an integral part of therapy.

Consultation with a psychologist

Mostly women start because of a poor psychological microclimate, which is facilitated by loneliness or separation from their spouse. In these cases, food for a woman serves as a substitute for joyful emotions. A diet prescribed by a doctor can cause even more stress for a woman, so the problem of obesity must also be solved on a psychological level.

In cases where neither medications, nor sports, nor diets help, with obesity of 3 and 4 degrees, use surgical method treatment.

Liposuction

Liposuction involves removing fat that has accumulated under the skin. Gastric banding, when a band is inserted into the stomach, thereby changing its shape. After surgery, a woman will definitely need a period of rehabilitation, which will be aimed at maintaining the woman’s psychological and emotional background, as well as establishing the right nutritional culture and lifestyle.