What does an ambulance do in case of a heart attack? Providing first aid for a heart attack. Causes of blockage of the lumen of the coronary artery

What to do when heart attack

For the successful detection and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, it is extremely important has the timeliness of patients seeking medical help, and this is especially important in acute conditions.

Every year in Russia, 570,000 people develop a heart attack and 340,000 die from it (mortality rate 60%). Moreover, in most cases, death occurs in the first minutes and hours from the onset of the attack - at home, in the country, at work, in public and other places, even before the arrival of the ambulance.

The likelihood of dying from a heart attack can be significantly reduced if the patient follows these recommendations and calls promptly. ambulance. About 50% of all people who die from a heart attack die within the first hour. Residents of many countries around the world call an ambulance 2-4 hours after the onset of a heart attack, in Russia this happens after 8-10 hours! This is one of the main reasons for the extremely high mortality rate, especially among men, in our country.

Heart attack- a severe pathological condition caused by an acute lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (blockage with a blood clot and/or spasm, usually in the area of atherosclerotic plaque of the artery supplying the heart) with the development of ischemia and necrosis (death) of the area of this muscle. Necrosis of the heart muscle is called myocardial infarction, and death in the first hour from the onset of the attack is called sudden cardiac or coronary death.

How can you tell if it's a heart attack?

A heart attack most commonly occurs in the chest (behind the breastbone), left shoulder (forearm), left shoulder blade, left half of the neck and lower jaw, both shoulders, both arms, the lower part of the sternum along with top part abdominal pain of intense pressing, squeezing, burning or aching nature (stabbing, cutting, aching pains that intensify with changes in body position or with breathing are not typical). It is not uncommon for shortness of breath, weakness or severe sweating to appear against the background of pain for no obvious reason. A heart attack is characterized by pain lasting more than 5 minutes.

What should you do if you have a heart attack?

If a heart attack occurs, you must follow the instructions received from your attending physician or (if there were no such instructions) act according to the following algorithm (a summary of it is presented in the figure).

Sit (preferably in a chair with armrests) or lie in bed with the head of the bed raised, take 0.25 g of aspirin (chew the tablet, swallow) and 0.5 mg of nitroglycerin (put the tablet/capsule under the tongue, bite the capsule first, do not swallow); free your neck and provide fresh air (open the vents or windows).

If, after taking nitroglycerin, severe weakness, sweating, shortness of breath appears, you need to lie down, raise your legs (on a bolster, etc.), drink 1 glass of water and then, as with a severe headache, do not take nitroglycerin.

If, after taking aspirin and nitroglycerin, the pain has completely disappeared and the condition has improved, it is necessary to call a local (family) doctor at home and subsequently act according to his instructions.

If the pain persists, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a second time and urgently call an ambulance. If pain persists 10 minutes after taking the second dose of nitroglycerin, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a third time.

ATTENTION! If aspirin or nitroglycerin is not available and the pain persists for more than 5 minutes, call an ambulance immediately. A patient with a heart attack is strictly forbidden to get up, walk, smoke or eat until the doctor’s special permission; Do not take aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) if you are intolerant to it ( allergic reactions) and already taken on that day, as well as with obvious exacerbation of gastric ulcer and duodenum; You should not take nitroglycerin if you have low blood pressure, severe weakness, sweating, as well as severe headache, dizziness, acute impairment of vision, speech or coordination of movements.

Ambulance call text outline

When calling an ambulance, it is advisable to use the text diagram below for addressing an ambulance dispatcher and try to speak briefly and clearly.

"Today at______h.______min. ( whom, age) pain occurred ( intensity, character) in the area ( localization of pain), giving off or spreading into ( area of pain). After taking one tablet of aspirin and nitroglycerin ( number of tablets, capsules, inhalations) pain persists. I have never had such pain before, ( if so, when). Moreover, it is disturbing ( shortness of breath, weakness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting or other manifestations of the disease). Address ( street, house, building and entrance number, entrance from the street or yard, code number front door, floor, apartment). It's better to approach from the side..."

What should you prepare for the arrival of an emergency physician?

All medications or packages of medications that the patient took the day before.
A list of medications that the patient cannot tolerate or that cause allergies.
Films with recordings of electrocardiograms, preferably arranged in order, according to the dates of their recording.
Available medical documents (certificates, extracts) located in chronological order.

If you have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease or, according to a doctor/paramedic, you have an increased risk of developing a heart attack, you need to be well aware of the rules of first aid for a heart attack and always have aspirin and nitroglycerin in your pocket.

The growing incidence of heart disease is alarming, but many people ignore its signs and symptoms. This can lead to a more serious situation: a heart attack is similar to the symptoms of other cardiac disorders, and it is vital to learn to recognize this pathology of a sharp lack of blood supply to the heart, which predominantly occurs in men than in women.

What is a heart attack

In medical terms, a heart attack is a serious pathological condition of an organ caused by acute shortage supplying blood to the heart muscle. This occurs when blood vessels are blocked by a blood clot or a spasm of the artery supplying the heart. The situation is dangerous because it provokes the death of heart cells. The irreversibility of the process leads to myocardial infarction, including cardiac arrest and death.

Cardiac relapse can happen if the coronary artery is blocked by fatty deposits on the walls, that is, due to atherosclerosis. Plaque accumulates and the artery narrows, impeding blood flow. When the plaque ruptures, a blood clot may appear that completely blocks the artery of the heart. The artery no longer supplies the heart muscle with the necessary volume of blood and oxygen. The muscle is damaged, which causes the attack. Scar tissue forms at the site of muscle damage.

A relapse may be accompanied by an increased heart rate, manifested by rapid pulsation. However, the condition of a heart attack is primarily manifested by pain in the chest, after which it spreads to the neck and face, shoulders and arms, going down to the back and stomach, and can last a few minutes or last several hours. However, chest pain does not always indicate a heart attack; it could also be intercostal neuralgia. The definition of a disease requires clarification of certain conditions:

How did the pain arise? Characteristic of this condition painful sensations associated with physical or emotional stress, with neuralgia they arise from sudden movement or for no reason.
How the pain subsides. A heart attack goes away while taking nitroglycerin for a short time (a few minutes); in case of neuralgia, the drug does not bring relief to the heart.
How pain manifests itself. It is characterized by pressing, stabbing-cutting pain; with neuralgia, the pain manifests itself in attacks of a girdling nature, intensifying with body movements, coughing, and deep inhalation.

Symptoms

The attack has gender characteristics. Men are characterized not only by earlier manifestations of pathology, but also by frequent susceptibility than women. In addition, pain syndrome is perceived differently by men and women, but the signs of a heart attack in men are essentially the same as for everyone:

shortness of breath, manifested with a minimum of activity, even in a calm state;
pain behind the sternum of a burning, pressing nature;
dizziness to the point of loss of balance;
cough;
pale skin to gray shade;
feeling panic fear;
nausea;
cold profuse sweat;
vomit.

Men are at greater risk of heart attack than women due to their characteristic physical and psychological factors. Most of them smoke, lead an inactive lifestyle, and are obese. The circulatory system of the male body is slightly different, their heart rate is lower, and the fact that the overwhelming majority of men belong to type A personality with a tendency to stress increases the risk of an attack. Among the precursors, early weakening is noted male potency, a common symptom of a male heart attack is acute chest pain.

In women

Women, having a stronger cardiovascular system, which is associated with childbearing, are less at risk of a heart attack, but during menopause the chances of this problem are comparable to those of men. Due to the fact that in women the small vessels of the heart are blocked, in contrast to the blockage of the main arteries in men, signs of a heart attack in women may include shortness of breath, pain in the arm, abdomen, neck, and dizziness. Pain behind the sternum in women often burns rather than presses and manifests itself acutely.

Blood pressure during a heart attack

When cardiac pathology occurs, blood pressure begins to rise. This happens on the first day, after which it falls without rising to its original value. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure may decrease. In some situations, pressure for a long time remains normal. Normalization of pressure indicators is positive trend during a heart attack, but as it progresses, there is insufficient blood circulation in the heart, which leads to complications.

First signs of a heart attack

To promptly consult a doctor and prevent complications, it is necessary to pay attention to the warning symptoms to prevent cardiac relapse:

fatigue, weakness, weariness;
bad dream, snoring;
anxiety for no reason;
swelling, heaviness in the legs;
increased heart rate, increased heart rate;
painful discomfort in the stomach, heartburn;
constant sweating;
exacerbation of periodontal disease.

Reasons

The reasons for the development of an attack are explained by a disruption in the supply of the heart muscle due to narrowing and compression of the coronary vessels. The main category of patients consists of people with atherosclerosis, tachycardia, and cardiac ischemia. The main risk factors are age (for men over 45, for women over 55), hypertension, sudden severe stress (both positive and negative). Provocateurs of a heart attack can be diabetes, obesity, heat, physical overload, alcohol, nicotine and genetic predisposition.

What to do

First of all, you need to be more attentive to the signals of your body and, if warning signs of illness appear, consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect a worsening of the condition, call an ambulance immediately. Even if the alarm was false, there will be no great harm from it, and in the event of a real heart attack, the patient must immediately be sent to the hospital, where the cardiologist has only a few minutes to open the artery and provide assistance, preventing serious consequences.

First aid

Timely urgent action in the event of a heart attack, the following can be decisive in the patient’s life:

Calling an ambulance is the first thing you need to do immediately.
Lay the sick person down with his head raised.
Unfasten your belt, collar, loosen your tie, which will help relieve suffocation.
Provide air access to the room.
Give an aspirin tablet, if it is not contraindicated, and nitroglycerin under the tongue (take no more than three tablets in total if the pain does not subside).
When severe weakness raise your legs to a level higher than your head, give them water to drink and no longer give nitroglycerin.
You can put mustard plaster on your chest.
Do not leave the patient until the doctor arrives.
The doctor must show all medications taken.

How to relieve a heart attack at home

It is important to know what to do if you have a heart attack when you are alone and without medication. After calling the doctor, quickly, without panicking, exhale fully, then begin to cough forcefully and many times. Repeat a deep breath with coughing as you exhale, and so on with intensity every 2 seconds, until the doctor arrives. These breathing actions during an attack compensate the heart for the lack of oxygen, restoring its rhythm. Inhaling allows oxygen to enter the lungs, and coughing compresses the heart valves, stimulating blood circulation. All this helps the heart enter a normal rhythm and reduce arrhythmia.

Consequences

Most people experience changes both physiologically and psychological type:

violation heart rate, angina pectoris;
negative psycho-emotional mood;
decreased performance.

Serious complications that threaten a person’s life after illness are:

heart failure;
vascular thrombosis;
aneurysm;
pericarditis;
pulmonary edema;
ischemic stroke.

Prevention

Active lifestyle – main recipe prevention of all diseases, and heart attack, myocardial infarction is no exception. In addition to playing sports, you need proper low-fat food, plenty of fruits and vegetables, reducing salt and carbohydrate intake, quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, and playing sports. After 50 years, you will need to constantly monitor blood pressure, monitor blood sugar and cholesterol levels, pay attention to the weather - heat and magnetic storms. It is important to have a positive attitude in life and avoid sources of stress.

Forecast

It is important for anyone who has suffered a heart attack to realize:

Damaged heart muscle is capable of healing.
Returning the patient to normal image life after an attack actually takes place over time.
Any angina that occurs is treated.
There is no need to despair; having an attack is not a permanent sentence; you just need to start paying extra care to your heart and your entire body.

More than half of people return to their jobs after rehabilitation period. Recovery can last up to six months, starting in the hospital with gradual physical actions. You need to load yourself up gradually: walking around the ward, then moving to the stairs. Exact dosage Only a doctor can recommend activity; there is no need for initiative or haste. The patient is required to be patient and more positive.

Video

sovets.net

First aid for a heart attack - what to do?

Heart attack - danger sign one of the many vascular and myocardial diseases that annually cause the death of more than 17 million of the world's population. The paroxysmal nature and suddenness of its manifestations not only make early detection of the disease difficult, but also often deprive the patient of the opportunity to get to a medical facility.

Concept and causes of heart attack

First aid for a heart attack and timely calling an ambulance can save a person: most deaths from this disease occur in the first hours after the onset of symptoms.

A heart attack is a pathology that occurs as a result of an acute deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium. Termination of admission nutrients and oxygen is most often associated with thrombosis or spasm of the area coronary artery near atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiac ischemia - a decrease in tissue supply due to weakening or complete cessation of blood flow - leads to its necrosis. This phenomenon is called myocardial infarction.

Characteristics of a heart attack include:

Occurs during night sleep or early morning.
Increased likelihood of development after psycho-emotional stress(funeral, stressful situation, conflict) and with increased blood pressure.
Dependence of risks of occurrence on quantity physical exercise in the next few hours before the attack (chest pain can appear not only during exercise, but even at night after a busy day).
Occurs when the body is dehydrated (being in a bathhouse, on a hot street or in a heated room, using diuretics) or in the next 12 hours after excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

To the group increased risk Experts attribute manifestations of a heart attack to the following reasons:

How to recognize a heart attack?

Signs of a heart attack in women are less obvious, so first aid is often too late for them. Symptoms of cessation of blood supply to myocardial tissue in male patients are in most cases more pronounced: there is a clear indication of the localization of the pathology pressing pain, discomfort. In women, due to the specificity of pain perception and the location of ischemic foci clinical picture may be limited to difficulty breathing, dizziness and dull ache in the upper body, arm, or neck. The decision to call an ambulance is made too late, after the full picture of ischemia and infarction has developed, and the effectiveness of the fibrinolytic drug is reduced. Despite this, on average, men are much more likely to die from the consequences of a heart attack. Doctors suggest that this distribution and the older age of the patients are associated with hormonal levels.

Women are more susceptible to blockage small vessels, and representatives of the stronger sex - thrombosis of the main coronary arteries.

How to determine the causes of chest pain

The first signs of a heart attack can be disguised as other diseases - osteochondrosis, intercostal neuralgia, gastric ulcer, inflammation of the pancreas or gall bladder. How to recognize a heart attack in time and what to do if the symptoms are not obvious?

Possible causes of pain in thoracic region and their signs.

Disease Symptoms Nature of pain

Heart attack	Dizziness, loss of consciousness Sweating Nausea Shortness of breath Soreness in the upper body Anxiety During a heart attack, cardiac asthma occurs ( blue lips, cold sweat, swelling of blood vessels in the neck, shortness of breath, cough, pale skin)	Pressing, squeezing, burning. Attacks are similar to heartburn. A heart attack manifests itself as a “dagger”, intense burning pain more than 30 minutes
Angina pectoris	Arrhythmia Sudden change in blood pressure Pallor, sweating Lack of air The defining feature is the effectiveness of nitroglycerin	Pressing pain behind the sternum that radiates to left side body and arm and passes within 5-20 minutes
Other diseases of the thoracic region	Possible nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region (with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract), discomfort between the shoulder blades or ribs	Piercing, cutting or It's a dull pain, aggravated by movement of the sternum, palpation of the ribs, prolonged immobility or after eating

What should you not do if you have a heart attack?

A patient with symptoms of ischemia and angina pectoris is strictly prohibited from doing the following:

Stand up abruptly, move around, eat, drink coffee and tea, and smoke until medical personnel arrive.
Take acetylsalicylic acid when peptic ulcers Gastrointestinal tract and taking the drug during the day.
Use nitroglycerin and its analogues when systolic pressure below 100 mm Hg, severe weakness, dizziness, sweating and signs of stroke (head pain, aphasia, loss of coordination and clarity of vision, epileptic seizure).

Algorithm of actions for first aid

First aid for a heart attack at home should aim to alleviate or prevent the deterioration of the patient’s condition. It is necessary to strictly follow the algorithm pre-medical actions:

If the symptoms disappear, this does not mean that the heart is healthy again. It is necessary to immediately call a doctor at home and then follow his recommendations, especially during the patient’s first attack.

If the pain persists 5 minutes after taking the medicine, re-put the nitrate capsule/tablet under the tongue and urgently call a team emergency care. If a new dose of the drug does not help after 10 minutes, repeat the action a third time.

If the necessary medications are not available, and the pain does not go away after 5 minutes, it is necessary to urgently call the doctors and not too tightly tighten the thighs (20 cm from the groin) and arms (10 cm from the shoulder) with tourniquets for 15-20 minutes. While waiting for an ambulance, you need to monitor the patient’s breathing and pulse. When the heart stops, indirect massage is performed through the sternum and artificial respiration.

What needs to be done before the doctor arrives

In addition to providing first aid for a heart attack, which should be done as soon as possible, the attending physician will need information and documents such as:

a list of medications taken by the patient the day before;
a list of medications that cause allergies in the patient;
all available ECG records, certificates and extracts from hospitals, arranged in chronological order.

Information about the patient’s age, location and intensity of pain, accompanying symptoms The medications taken to stop the attack and their dosages are also transmitted to the dispatcher when calling the team, along with the home address or maximum accurate description locations.

For hospitalization, a patient needs his documents (medical information, insurance policy and passport), hygiene supplies, a change of underwear and shoes.

A heart attack can happen at any time: at home, in transport, in a store or on the street. Timely recognition of symptoms and provision of emergency care before doctors arrive reduces the risk of death from a heart attack.

mirkardio.ru

First aid for a heart attack

Signs of a heart attack are the appearance of pain in the chest area, which can radiate to the left arm, shoulder blade, hands, left half of the neck and lower jaw, both arms, shoulders, top part belly. The pain can be pressing, squeezing, burning or intense aching. If the pain is characterized as stabbing, cutting, aching, intensifying when changing body position or breathing, then we cannot talk about staging accurate diagnosis heart attack. Often the pain can be accompanied by weakness, shortness of breath, and severe sweating. The pain is felt for more than 5 minutes.

1. Accept sitting position, it is best to lie in bed so that the head of the bed is raised, or sit in a chair with armrests;

2. It is necessary to free the neck and give access to fresh air. You can open the window or vents;

3. Give the patient aspirin and nitroglycerin. If severe weakness, sweating, shortness of breath or a sharp headache appears after taking nitroglycerin, the patient should be laid down, legs raised (on a pillow, cushion, etc.), given 1 glass of water, and no longer take the medicine. If the pain disappears and the condition improves after taking medications, you must call a doctor and follow his instructions;

4. If the pain persists, then you still need to take nitroglycerin and call an ambulance. If 10 minutes after taking nitroglycerin for the second time, the pain does not subside, then you need to take it a third time.

What not to do if you have a heart attack

1. A person with a heart attack should not get up, walk, smoke, or eat until the doctor’s permission;

2. If you are intolerant to aspirin or you took it that day, then you should not take it. Also, aspirin should be excluded if peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is clearly worsened;

3. If blood pressure blood levels are low if there is severe weakness, sweating, and severe headache, dizziness, acute disturbance of speech, vision or coordination of movements, then you should not take nitroglycerin.

Waiting for an ambulance

While you are waiting for the ambulance to arrive, provide first aid: make sure that the patient is sitting or lying down. Free the patient from constricting clothing and do not leave him unattended until doctors arrive.

It is more difficult to provide first aid for a heart attack if the person has lost consciousness. First of all, you need to check your pulse and breathing. To do this, you need to approach the patient’s mouth and nose with your cheek, feel his breathing and at the same time you need to monitor the movements of the chest. Try to feel your pulse carotid artery, which is located just under the jaw on the side of the neck.

If a person's heart has stopped and you cannot feel them breathing, you need to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). By performing indirect body massage, even without the skills, you can save a person’s life. If CPR is not performed, a person’s chances of surviving cardiac arrest decrease by 7-10% every minute. Thanks for what was done on time indirect massage heart, you can double or even triple the chances of your heart working again.

Before the arrival of the ambulance, you need to prepare all the medicine packages or the medicines themselves taken by the patient the day before; a list of medications that may cause allergies in the patient or are intolerable to them. If there are films with recordings of electrocardiograms, then you need to arrange them in order, if time allows, according to the dates of their recording. If you find any medical documents (extracts, certificates), it is also advisable to arrange them in chronological order.

First aid for dislocations The article “First aid for dislocations” describes what dislocations are, how to properly provide first aid for dislocations, and what is the sequence of actions when providing assistance. It also states what not to do if there is a dislocation.

First aid in case of an accident - traumatic brain injury. It is considered what first aid is in case of an accident if the victim receives a traumatic brain injury. It describes what can be done to save a person, and what actions should be taken with caution.

What to do if you hurt a mole - is it dangerous? Injuring a mole is not as difficult as it might seem. What to do if you hurt a mole and is it dangerous? Risk of damage to the mole. Prevention of damage.

Comments

Home / Tips / First aid / First aid for a heart attack

Page 2

Asphyxiation is understood as an acute, life-threatening condition caused by an obstacle arising in the airways. This obstruction prevents the movement of air in them during inhalation and exhalation. The cause of suffocation may be drowning when respiratory tract filled with water foreign bodies, compression of the respiratory organs from the outside, etc. The causes of suffocation can be varied, but they are very similar in external manifestation and pathological changes that develop in the victim’s body. Regardless of the cause of suffocation, it manifests itself in a sharp blueing of the face and swelling of the veins of the neck, dilation of the pupils, short-term reflexive holding of breath, convulsive breathing movements, which quickly change, and loss of consciousness. As a rule, in such cases, cardiac arrest is secondary. In the first place is oxygen deficiency, which occurs due to the cessation of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen deficiency progresses very quickly, so the regulatory centers also turn off quickly, and heart failure progresses quickly, which leads to cardiac arrest.

Providing first aid for choking

Timely and correctly provided first aid for suffocation, which is aimed at eliminating main reason suffocation, restore cardiac activity and breathing, can in most cases help save a person’s life. If an attack of suffocation begins, then together with providing first aid you need to call an ambulance or a doctor.

Asphyxiation due to drowning

If suffocation occurs as a result of drowning, then the victim is characterized by convulsive, uncoordinated and unconscious movements, and therefore, if a person, without experience in this matter, tries to pull a drowning person out of the water, he himself may begin to choke. It should be remembered that when providing first aid, you need to swim up to the drowning person from behind and turn him face up so that his face is above the water. To turn a drowning person over, you need to grab him by the armpits or hair. The victim in this position must be brought to shore as quickly as possible, after which he must be carefully and quickly released from constricting clothing (unbutton the collar, untie the tie, remove the waist belt, etc.). Then the victim should be placed on the thigh of the leg, bent at the knee, face down so that the head is lower than the body. After which you need to free the oral cavity from sand, dirt, silt, etc. with your finger and a handkerchief and, pressing vigorously on the body, try to “squeeze” water out of the respiratory tract and stomach. Then you need to turn the victim onto his back, give him a horizontal position, and quickly and vigorously rub his body with dry clothes. It is advisable to try to warm the victim. If breathing and cardiac activity are absent, then you need to start performing artificial respiration and chest compressions without wasting time.

Choking due to compression of the trachea or larynx

If suffocation occurs as a result of compression of the trachea or larynx from the outside, then first aid for such suffocation begins with releasing the neck from compression. Then you need to lay the victim on his back in a horizontal position and, if breathing and cardiac activity are absent, then you need to start doing artificial respiration and chest compressions. If cardiac activity is preserved and breathing is restored on its own, assistance with suffocation can be limited to ensuring a state of rest, moderate warming and ensuring good ventilation of the room where the victim is located.

Choking due to airway obstruction

The most difficult thing to provide assistance is suffocation, which occurs due to blockage of the airways. If the object that has blocked the access to oxygen is located within the mouth or pharynx, then it is possible to quickly and carefully remove it with your finger and thereby eliminate the obstacle that interfered with normal breathing. If an obstructing object penetrates the larynx or trachea, its removal is possible only in a hospital setting. Transporting the victim to the hospital should be done quickly and in a prone position, tilting the entire body towards the head.

It is worth knowing that if the airways are not completely cleared of obstructions normal breathing, then artificial respiration cannot be performed, because if there is foreign object, then the situation can be aggravated, as a result of which the item cannot be eliminated without medical intervention.

If you are pricked by a stingray - first aid. If you are pricked by a stingray - first aid to the victim. Mandatory washing of the wound and lubricating it with ointment, which contains antibiotics.

If a tick has attached itself to you The article “If a tick has attached itself to you” describes why a tick bite is dangerous and what the consequences of a bite may be. encephalitis tick. It describes what to do to avoid getting a tick on your body, as well as what to do if a tick bites you.

Glue got into my eye. First aidIn the article “Glue got into the eye. First Aid" discusses what to do if glue gets into your eye. Recommendations are given for providing first aid if glue gets into the eye before the ambulance arrives.

Comments

Home / Tips / First aid / First aid for choking

www.luxmama.ru

Main signs of a heart attack

A heart attack is a pathological condition in which a sudden disruption or cessation of coronary circulation occurs. The delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the heart is practically absent, which leads to gradually increasing ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium in the affected area. Formed this pathology due to thrombosis, inflammatory changes(arteritis), atherosclerosis or spastic narrowing of the coronary vessels. The outcome of this condition can be sudden death, the provoking factor of which is a large area of myocardial damage. World statistical studies have revealed that diseases of the cardiovascular system constitute the main cause of death among the population. A heart attack is dangerous not only for its manifestations, but also for its consequences, which are irreversible.

Thus, to save the patient’s life, prevent repeated attacks and the development of complications, it is necessary to promptly identify signs of a heart attack, carry out emergency measures and prescribe adequate therapy, which only a doctor can do.

Causes of an attack

A heart attack develops as a result of existing disorders of the cardiovascular system, represented by:

myocardial infarction (the outcome of coronary artery disease - IHD, unstable angina);
pulmonary embolism (PE) – a life-threatening disease that develops against the background of thrombophlebitis of the deep veins of the lower extremities;
atrial fibrillation;
dissecting aortic aneurysm (the main precipitating factor is arterial hypertension);
heart failure (formed against the background of weakened contractile function of the heart).

The course and symptoms of such diseases are different, so they are combined with the concept of a heart attack. For patients without medical practice, using this definition, it is much easier to describe their condition.

It should be noted that the above pathologies cannot manifest themselves without the influence of accompanying factors, which are presented:

Atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries (vessel occlusion by plaque leads to sudden cardiac arrest, ischemic stroke).
Increased physical activity (the heart's need for oxygen increases, due to spasm of arterioles, blood flow in the myocardium sharply worsens).
Use and overdose of narcotic substances (cocaine, opiates, amphetamine).
Smoking ( adolescence dangerous due to the appearance of this bad habit, which in the future can lead to cardiovascular pathologies).
Old age and myocardial wear (decreased contractile activity of the heart, which is more common in men).
Decompensation of diabetes mellitus (cardiovascular manifestations are one of the symptoms).
Long-term use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
Dysmetabolic syndrome (an increase in lipids occurs in the blood, causing atherosclerosis).
High blood pressure (persons with a history of hypertension).
Emotional stress and panic attack(due to reflex spasm of blood vessels, blood supply sharply deteriorates).

When identifying the risk of developing myocardial infarction, the patient's gender should be taken into account. Symptoms of a heart attack in men occur at a young age, but recovery period It's easier for them. Women enter the risk group from 50–55 years of age. Aggravating factors are: a history of removed ovaries, hereditary predisposition and the onset of menopause. Myocardial infarction is the cause of death more often in women than in men.

Main symptoms

Cardiovascular diseases insidious in that for a long time characteristic features may be absent or manifest with atypical symptoms. This leads to the fact that the detection of pathology occurs already at the stage of myocardial infarction, often ending in the death of the patient. This gives grounds to classify a heart attack as one of the most dangerous conditions. Patients may not notice the first manifestations for several months, the identification of which is very important to prevent complications. These symptoms include:

Shortness of breath and feeling of lack of air (beginning cardiopulmonary failure).
Pain and discomfort behind the sternum (pressing, stabbing, squeezing, burning nature). May manifest as irradiation to the upper left side torso: jaw, shoulder blade, neck, arm. There is a feeling of numbness in the left upper limb.
Dizziness and flickering of spots before the eyes (brain hypoxia develops due to insufficient heart function).
Syndrome chronic fatigue, fatigue, weakness.
Swelling of the lower extremities in the late afternoon (to be distinguished from renal pathologies, in which swelling appears around the eyes in the morning).
Sleep disturbances and anxiety.
Increased sweating ( common symptom, characteristic of men).
Increased heart rate and palpitations.
Fainting conditions may be a sign of a pathology such as stroke; urgent consultation with a specialist is necessary.
Nonspecific symptoms presented by heartburn, nausea, pain in the upper abdomen (frequent manifestations of posterior phrenic myocardial infarction).

Symptoms of a heart attack in women are not significantly different from those in men. Against the background of a more developed psycho-emotional sphere, complaints of anxiety, heart pain, autonomic disorders.

The above syndromes can occur not only against the background of cardiovascular pathologies, but also as a result of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, endocrine organs.

To correctly determine the cause of symptoms and select effective treatment, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis. This will prevent the development of irreversible complications and death. If such complaints occur, you should immediately visit a doctor.

First Aid Reminder

A heart attack is one of the pathological phenomena requiring emergency assistance. A person can lose consciousness not only at home, but also on the street, in transport. You should be prepared for this, because first aid for a heart attack can be provided not only by medical workers, but also by people nearby. You should know the principle of action to prevent the sudden death of a patient before the ambulance arrives.

Algorithm of actions:

if a heart attack occurs during physical activity, you should calm down, if possible, take a horizontal position with your legs elevated;
place a Nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue;
call an ambulance;
provide access to fresh air;
chew an Aspirin tablet (prevents the development of thrombotic complications, helps thin the blood and improve blood circulation);
if there is no effect, after 5 minutes you can take another 1 tablet of “Nitroglycerin” (but no more than 3 within 15–20 minutes);
measure blood pressure; if it is low, it is not advisable to use Nitroglycerin again.

Help with a heart attack at home can be provided by relatives. The main thing is not to panic or fuss, but to place the patient in a well-ventilated area, give a Nitroglycerin tablet and call an ambulance. To ensure that the damage to the heart is minimal and complications do not develop subsequently, it is necessary to call a doctor no later than an hour after the incident. No improvement from Nitroglycerin within 20–30 minutes. is a reason to suspect myocardial infarction.

Therapeutic measures

Review effective means

Cardiovascular diseases complicated by an attack are subject to treatment with the following drugs:

Beta-blockers (Carvedilol, Propranolol).
"Nitroglycerin."
Antiplatelet agents (“Aspirin”).

Treatment of myocardial infarction is additionally carried out: anticoagulants (Heparin, Fraxiparin), thrombolytics (Streptokinase), morphine (for pain relief).

In the hospital, after examinations and if there are indications, coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, and vascular stenting are performed. Subsequent therapy is aimed at preventing relapses of the disease and the development of complications. The following medications are used:

“Nitroglycerin” – for pain in the heart;
diuretics - to reduce the load on the myocardium;
a group of beta-blockers has antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic effect;
statins – for hypercholesterolemia;
acetylsalicylic acid - to prevent thrombosis.

Traditional methods:

Home remedies for treatment include:

herbal medicine with infusions of herbs: motherwort and common motherwort, spring adonis, valerian roots, hawthorn and immortelle flowers;
eating cereals.

These methods improve the supply of nutrients, micro- and macroelements to the heart muscle, which speeds up its recovery.

Prevention

To prevent repeated attacks Certain recommendations must be followed, especially for persons over 50 years of age, with a genetic predisposition and a history of heart disease. Prevention of attacks in patients with myocardial infarction is mandatory:

Quitting smoking.
Compliance with a hypocholesterol diet.
Regular exercise (at home is suitable for gymnastics).
Constant blood pressure monitoring.
Avoidance stressful situations.
Acceptance prophylactic dose"Aspirin."
Regularly taking medications prescribed by your doctor.
Observation by a local therapist.

How to cure hypertension forever?!

In Russia, every year there are from 5 to 10 million calls to emergency medical care for high blood pressure. But Russian heart surgeon Irina Chazova claims that 67% of hypertensive patients do not even suspect that they are sick!

How can you protect yourself and overcome the disease? One of the many recovered patients, Oleg Tabakov, told in his interview how to forget about hypertension forever...

Acute heart failure emergency care

A heart attack is a severe, acute pathological condition that occurs as a result of insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle - the myocardium - with the development of ischemia (decreased blood supply) and necrosis (death) of a section of this muscle. A heart attack without first aid can be fatal.

Myocardial infarction develops as a result of blockage of the lumen of the vessel (coronary artery) that supplies blood to the myocardium.

Causes of blockage of the lumen of the coronary artery

Thrombosis of the coronary arteries (for example, with coagulopathy - a blood clotting disorder);
Atherosclerotic plaques (consist of cholesterol and other fat compounds; deposited on the walls of the arteries) - common, in 93-98% of cases;
Spasm of the coronary arteries.

Risk factors

Old age;
Increased level cholesterol in the blood;
Genetic predisposition;
Arterial hypertension;
Diabetes mellitus;
Lipid disorder carbohydrate metabolism;
Obesity;
Smoking;
Alcoholism;
Insufficient physical activity;
Nervous overstrain and overwork;

Learning to recognize myocardial infarction (MI) ❗

Acute heart failure is characterized by squeezing, tearing pain in the depths of the chest, radiating to the upper limbs, neck, involving the lower jaw, between the shoulder blades, and less often to the solar plexus; can even radiate to the back of the head. The pain is accompanied by weakness, sweating (cold and sticky sweat), nausea, and dizziness.

Pain is not always present! In approximately 15-20% of patients acute heart attack myocardium passes painlessly. More often, silent MI is observed in patients diabetes mellitus, as well as in elderly people. In elderly patients, MI is expressed by sudden shortness of breath, which can develop into pulmonary edema. In other cases, MI, both painful and silent, is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, a feeling of severe weakness, the occurrence of arrhythmia, or simply an unexplained sharp decrease in blood pressure.

Causes of chest pain

The source of pain in the chest can be all its organs. It is important to correctly identify a heart attack. But what if the symptoms are subtle? Below is a table that highlights the most common reasons pain in the chest area.

Reasons	Localization	Nature of pain	Factors that provoke, enhance, relieve	Some associated symptoms
Angina pectoris		pressing, burning, squeezing; lasting up to 10 minutes	physical activity; stops after removing the load or taking nitroglycerin	dyspnea
Myocardial infarction	retrosternal, can radiate to the neck, lower jaw, upper limbs, stomach area	squeezing, tearing pain in the depths of the chest; pain more intense than with angina pectoris;	is not relieved by taking nitroglycerin and does not stop after eliminating the load	shortness of breath, increased sweating (cold and sticky sweat), severe weakness, nausea, occasional vomiting
Pericarditis	retrosternal or at the site of the apical impulse (rhythmic pulsation - a small protrusion within one intercostal space); may radiate to the neck and left shoulder	sharp, stabbing; intensity varies	deep breath, twist your torso different sides, in a lying position, cough; decreases in a sitting position when bending forward	pericardial friction rub, shortness of breath
Gallstone disease	right hypochondrium or stomach area, may radiate to the right shoulder	strong, increasing, then constant; fades away slowly; duration from 10 minutes to several hours	reception fatty foods; decreases when lying on your side	heartburn, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite
Peptic ulcer	stomach area, rarely in the lower chest	dull, less often sharp	eating (sometimes on an empty stomach),	quick feeling of fullness, fullness of the stomach while eating
Osteoarticular pain	local, anterior chest wall	sharp or pressing	chest movements, cough	sensitivity to palpation
Neurotic pain	anterior chest wall	changeable	emotional stress	shortness of breath, palpitations, anxiety
Aortic dissection (very rare pathology)	anterior wall of the chest, extends into the interscapular or lumbar region	tearing, incredibly strong; appears suddenly	high blood pressure	asymmetry of blood pressure in the extremities
Esophageal rupture (very rare pathology)	retrosternal	very strong, burning; sudden	sudden vomiting	vomit

What not to do during a heart attack

Fulfill physical activity: stand up abruptly, move around, go to a medical facility independently. Because unnecessary movements increase the load on the heart!
Use strong drinks: tea, coffee; smoke before medical personnel arrive
Accept medicinal product– nitroglycerin – with low blood pressure (below 90/60 mm Hg), since it causes a sharp decrease in blood pressure, even to the point of fainting

First aid

It is important to remember that from timely delivery first aid The life and further recovery of the patient depend.

Algorithm of actions

If an MI is suspected: the patient, if conscious, must be seated and reassured. Best Positions: sitting, leaning on the back of a chair or armchair, reclining with knees bent. Provide access to fresh air; loosen tight, constricting clothing (bra for women, tie for men);
Call an ambulance;
If you have Aspirin or Nitroglycerin and the patient is not allergic to the drugs: Chew Aspirin (this speeds up the action of Aspirin) and swallow OR Put Nitroglycerin under the tongue (do not chew, do not swallow);
In case of cardiac arrest (loss of consciousness, agonal breathing - shallow, rapid, with wheezing, lack of breathing), immediately begin CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation): place your hands in the center of the chest and begin performing chest compressions, followed by artificial respiration.

For reference

Arriving medical personnel must be informed about measures taken. For example, if a patient has been given a dose of Aspirin, then an additional dose is not required.
If, after taking aspirin or nitroglycerin, the pain has disappeared, the condition has improved, it is still necessary to call a local physician at home. This cannot be ignored.

What needs to be done before the doctor arrives

Provide first aid to the patient, following the algorithm described above.
Prepare a list of medications or their packaging that the patient took the day before.
Names of drugs, substances to which the patient is allergic or intolerant.
Prepare medical documents (certificates, extracts), examination reports (for example, ultrasound of the heart, daily monitoring ECG) in chronological order.
For subsequent hospitalization of the patient, you should collect a package with necessary things: documents (passport, policy, SNILS), hygiene supplies ( toothbrush, toothpaste, washable slippers, soap), a change of clothes.

Useful video on the topic

Signs of a heart attack are the appearance of pain in the chest, which can radiate to the left arm, shoulder blade, hands, left half of the neck and lower jaw, both arms, shoulders, and upper abdomen. The pain can be pressing, squeezing, burning or intense aching. If the pain is characterized as stabbing, cutting, aching, intensifying when changing body position or breathing, then we cannot talk about making an accurate diagnosis of a heart attack. Often the pain can be accompanied by weakness, shortness of breath, and severe sweating. The pain is felt for more than 5 minutes.

First aid for a heart attack

1. Take a sitting position, it is best to lie in bed so that the head of the bed is raised, or sit in a chair with armrests;

2. It is necessary to free the neck and give access to fresh air. You can open the window or vents;

3.Give the patient aspirin and nitroglycerin. If severe weakness, sweating, shortness of breath or a sharp headache appears after taking nitroglycerin, the patient should be laid down, legs raised (on a pillow, cushion, etc.), given 1 glass of water, and no longer take the medicine. If the pain disappears and the condition improves after taking medications, you must call a doctor and follow his instructions;

What not to do if you have a heart attack

1. A person with a heart attack should not get up, walk, smoke, or eat until the doctor’s permission;

2. If you are intolerant to aspirin or you took it that day, then you should not take it. Also, aspirin should be excluded if peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is clearly worsened;

3. If blood pressure is low, if there is severe weakness, sweating, as well as severe headache, dizziness, acute disturbance of speech, vision or coordination of movements, then you should not take nitroglycerin.

Waiting for an ambulance

It is more difficult to provide first aid for a heart attack if the person has lost consciousness. First of all, you need to check your pulse and breathing. To do this, you need to approach the patient’s mouth and nose with your cheek, feel his breathing and at the same time you need to monitor the movements of the chest. Try feeling the pulse in the carotid artery, which is located just below the jaw on the side of the neck.

If a person's heart has stopped and you cannot feel them breathing, you need to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). By performing indirect body massage, even without the skills, you can save a person’s life. If CPR is not performed, a person’s chances of surviving cardiac arrest decrease by 7-10% every minute. Thanks to timely chest compressions, you can double or even triple the chances of resuming your heart function.

No one is immune from a heart attack, but since this critical condition most often develops in middle-aged and elderly people, it is this category of the population that needs to be especially vigilant. It is useful to know the signs of a myocardial infarction and the actions that need to be taken to provide emergency assistance.

Heart attack (or myocardial infarction, MI) is a disease from a clinical group called ischemic disease hearts. During the development of this pathology, necrotic damage to the myocardium develops, caused by partial or complete cessation of blood circulation.

During the development of a heart attack, four stages are distinguished, among which the most acute (lasting the first 6 hours from the onset of MI) and acute (its duration is 12-14 days from the onset of the attack) are of greatest clinical importance. (According to wikipedia.org).

When MI develops, it is very important to promptly initiate appropriate treatment. To do this, the pathology with characteristic symptoms must be correctly diagnosed. In some cases, first aid can save the patient’s life, so it is important to know the basic steps that need to be taken before doctors arrive.

Video: Heart attack || How to recognize and provide first aid during a heart attack?

Heart Attack Symptoms

A heart attack is a life-threatening emergency that requires quick action. Even minor symptoms of a heart attack should not be ignored. Immediate treatment reduces damage to the heart and saves lives.

Characteristic symptoms

They vary from person to person. Not all heart attacks begin with the sudden, crushing chest pain that victims most often report. In some cases, no symptoms occur, especially when the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

Most often, pain and discomfort occurs that extends beyond the chest and into other parts of the upper half of the body (one or both arms, back, neck, abdomen, teeth and lower jaw).

The clinical picture of a heart attack may begin slowly, with a feeling of mild pain and discomfort in the chest. Sometimes it happens that the patient rests or performs physical activity and suddenly feels sharp pain in the area of the heart. The severity of signs of MI largely depends on the age, gender, and health of the patient.

Warning Symptoms

Usually defined:

Chest discomfort, felt as pressure, fullness, or squeezing pain, lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and returns.
Unexplained shortness of breath or a feeling of difficulty taking a full breath, with or without chest discomfort

Additional symptoms may include:

Cold sweat
Fear of death
Pale skin
Fast and weak heartbeat
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness, weakness
Anxiety, upset stomach.

Women are more likely than men to have additional symptoms, such as neck, shoulder, upper back, or abdominal pain.

Symptoms of a heart attack that may occur a month before it occurs

Chronic stress and a busy work schedule contribute to the development of a heart attack. But prevention emergency is a separate topic, so now only the signs by which you can recognize an approaching threat will be indicated.

Fatigue and “eternal drowsiness” - when the blood vessels are excessively and long time taper, central nervous system is the first to react to a lack of oxygen, since it is very sensitive to this. At the same time, signs such as drowsiness, melancholy, and fatigue appear, occurring for no apparent reason.
Shortness of breath - if the heart begins to work incorrectly due to lack of oxygen, then the normal process of gas exchange in the lungs is also disrupted. Therefore, disruption of the functioning of the cardiovascular system immediately affects the activity of the lungs and is most often expressed in intermittent breathing.
Attacks of “cold” - some patients experience a feeling of cold throughout the body a few days before a heart attack, they were frozen and it seemed that the flu was developing. In such cases, an important difference from infectious disease- temperature is within normal limits. If this has been observed in close relatives, then you need to visit a cardiologist without delay.

First aid for a heart attack

If a loved one experiences chest discomfort or other symptoms of a heart attack, they should immediately call emergency medical services. While the first instinct may be to rush the heart attack victim to the hospital, it is better to receive or provide emergency medical treatment at the scene. At the same time, emergency medical personnel can begin treatment while en route to a medical facility. They are trained to provide resuscitation if a person's cardiac activity stops (heart stops).

If you cannot contact an ambulance, you need to take the victim to the hospital. If the victim is you yourself, you need to go to the hospital if there is no other way out.

In many cases, treatment is delayed because doubts arise as to whether a heart attack has actually occurred? Often, victims in such cases do not want to worry or worry about their friends and relatives.

It is important to remember that a heart attack is a critical condition, so it is always better to worry once again, but be safe than to be sorry later.

Acting quickly can save lives. If necessary medications will be used as quickly as possible after the development of the first symptoms, the risk of death and occurrence of various complications. In particular, drugs are used to thicken the blood and widen the arteries, which can stop the progression of a heart attack, and even a closed blood vessel can open when catheterized with a stent inserted.

The longer the time passes from the onset of the attack to treatment, the lower the chances of survival, since the degree of damage to the heart becomes more severe.

About half of those who die from heart attacks seek help an hour or more after the onset of the clinical picture.

First aid provided in case of a heart attack before the arrival of doctors:

You need to try to make the injured person calm down.
The patient needs to be laid down or seated.
If a person is not allergic to aspirin, chew or swallow the appropriate dose, usually 0.3 g. (Aspirin works faster if you chew it rather than swallow it whole).
Nitroglycerin, which should be taken in a dose of 0.5 g, can improve blood circulation.
If the patient stops breathing, a person nearby who is appropriately qualified or skilled should immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). If you don't know how to perform CPR, an ambulance operator can help with it even before the medical team arrives.

First aid to yourself when there is no one around

During a heart attack, people are often left alone with themselves and at such moments it is extremely difficult to reach anyone. A person can be at home, in the evening on a deserted street, or somewhere on the road in a car. In this case, it may happen that the phone is discharged, and there is no one nearby at all.

It is important to know that only a few minutes can pass from the moment a myocardial infarction begins to loss of consciousness due to lack of oxygen, and during this time you need to improve your condition enough to get to the nearest hospital.

To slow down the development of myocardial infarction, you need to do the following:

Actively cough - before doing this, you need to take a deep breath and then cough just as deeply, approximately every two seconds for several minutes. This action will allow the lungs to fill with oxygen and restore normal cardiac activity. Ideally, this coughing should be done before the ambulance arrives.
It is important not to panic, but to try to calm down and relax, although with MI, on the contrary, the fear of death is often overcome. But anxiety only contributes to the narrowing of blood vessels and poor circulation (since during stress, adrenaline is released, which narrows the arteries), so this will only worsen the course of the attack.
You should definitely try to call an ambulance or turn to someone for help. In such cases, there is no shame in even knocking on closed windows and doors, since life depends on it.
If you have aspirin and nitroglycerin with you, then you need to take them in a dose of 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. It is better not to use other heart medications, as there is a risk of only worsening the course of the disease.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is an emergency life-saving procedure performed when the heart stops beating or breathing stops.

Immediate CPR can double or triple your chances of surviving cardiac arrest. This procedure is especially necessary when there is no other medical equipment like a defibrillator to start the heart.

Preserving blood circulation - even partial - increases the possibilities for successful resuscitation while waiting for medical personnel to arrive on the scene.

CPR is a critical step in the chain of survival as outlined by the world's cardiac organizations. Today, there are five links in the out-of-hospital chain of survival for adults:

Determining cardiac arrest and calling an ambulance.
Early CPR with emphasis on chest compressions.
Rapid defibrillation.
Basic and emergency medical services.
Active life support and care after cardiac arrest.

A well-organized chain of survival can reduce the risk of death and improve the patient's recovery process after cardiac arrest.

Most reliable way performing CPR- use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). The devices can significantly increase a victim's chance of survival after a heart attack. To minimize defibrillation time in cardiac arrest patients, preparation for the procedure should not be limited to trained individuals (although training is still recommended).

Performing CPR

There are two widely known ways to perform CPR:

For healthcare workers and trained individuals: Traditional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at an appropriate ratio of 30:2. In adults suffering from cardiac arrest, rescuers should perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 or more up to 120/min and to a depth of at least 5 cm for the average adult, avoiding excessive depth of chest compression (6 cm). Otherwise, complications such as rib fractures, etc., may occur.
For people who witness an adult fall suddenly: CPR is performed using hands-on compressions only. Hands-Only CPR is mouth-to-mouth CPR without breathing. This method is recommended for use by people who have seen an adult fall suddenly in a non-hospital setting (eg, at home, at work, in a park, or other public place).

Hands-Only CPR consists of two simple steps:

You need to call an ambulance or send someone for medical workers.
The victim should be placed on a flat surface with the CPR provider's hands placed in the center of the chest and rhythmic pressure applied back and forth.

CPR can be performed by anyone, including bystanders who happen to be near the victim. There are five important components successful CPR:

Minimize interruptions when pressing on the chest.
Carrying out chest compressions at an adequate speed and to the required depth (in adults, 5-6 cm).
Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions.
Ensuring proper hand placement.
Prevention of overactive ventilation.

Thus, even unprofessional CPR can, in some cases, keep a person in a state acceptable for revival.

It is important to prepare in advance for a heart attack

No one can plan for a heart attack or know where or how it will happen, so it's best to be prepared in advance. This is especially true for those people who have an increased risk of developing myocardial infarction. Steps you can take before symptoms begin include:

Memorize a list of heart attack symptoms and warning signs.
Remember that you need to call an ambulance within 5 minutes after the attack begins.
Talk to family and friends about warning signs and the importance of immediate call ambulance.
Know your risk factors and do everything you can to reduce them.
Create an immediate response plan for a heart attack that includes information:
- about the medications you need to take;
- about possible allergic reactions;
- about the telephone number of the attending physician;
- about all relatives who need to be contacted if you have to go to the hospital.

You need to store this information in your wallet or other quickly accessible place.

Additionally, you need to think about your wards in advance and talk with those who can take care of them if an emergency arises.

Video: HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND PREVENT A HEART ATTACK IN A MONTH