Kanonpharma production, JSC COMPANY DECO, LLC

Country of origin

Russia

Product group

Digestive tract and metabolism

A drug that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Release forms

• 10 - contour cell packaging (3) - cardboard packs. 60 tabs in a 15ml bottle 15ml bottle

Description of the dosage form

• Solution for infusion Film-coated tablets, light yellow, round, biconvex Film-coated tablets

Pharmacological action

Thioctic acid ( alpha lipoic acid) is an endogenous antioxidant (binds free radicals), formed in the body during the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. As a coenzyme of mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, it participates in oxidative decarboxylation pyruvic acid and alpha-keto acids. By the nature of the biochemical action it is close to B vitamins. It has hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic effects. Helps reduce blood glucose and increase glycogen content in the liver, as well as reduce insulin resistance. Participates in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulates cholesterol metabolism, improves liver function. Improves trophism of neurons. The use of meglumine salt of thioctic acid (which has neutral reaction) allows you to reduce the severity adverse reactions.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Concomitant food intake reduces the absorption of the drug. Bioavailability is 30%. Tmax - 40-60 min. Distribution Has a “first pass through the liver” effect. Vd - about 450 ml/kg. Metabolism The formation of metabolites occurs as a result of side chain oxidation and conjugation. Excretion 80-90% of thioctic acid and its metabolites are excreted in the urine. T1/2 - 20-50 min. The total plasma clearance is 10-15 ml/min.

Special conditions

In patients diabetes mellitus Constant monitoring of blood glucose concentration is necessary, especially during initial stage therapy. In some cases, it is necessary to reduce the dose of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drug to avoid the development of hypoglycemia. During treatment, patients should refrain from drinking alcohol and be careful when managing vehicles and occupation of others potentially dangerous species activities requiring increased attention and speed of mental and motor reactions.

Compound

• thioctic acid - 300 mg; excipients: potato starch, Aerosil A-300 (colloidal silicon dioxide), primellose (croscarmellose sodium), calcium stearate, milk sugar (lactose), microcrystalline cellulose, castor oil, selecoat AQ-01812 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose), polyethylene glycol 400 ( macrogol 400), polyethylene glycol 6000 (macrogol 6000), titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, quinoline yellow acid - 600 mg; Excipients: potato starch, aerosil A-300 (colloidal silicon dioxide), primellose (croscarmellose sodium), calcium stearate, milk sugar (lactose), microcrystalline cellulose, castor oil, selkote AQ-01812 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose), polyethylene glycol 400 (macrogol 400 ), polyethylene glycol 6000 (macrogol 6000), titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow, quinoline yellow. thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid) 12.00 mg; excipients: meglumine (N-methyl-D-glucamine), macrogol (polyethylene glycol 400). ), povidone (kollidon® 17 RF or plasdon C-15), water for injection thioctic acid 300 mg Excipients: potato starch, aerosil A-300 (colloidal silicon dioxide), primellose (croscarmellose sodium), calcium stearate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, castor oil, selecoat AQ-01812, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose), polyethylene glycol 400 (macrogol 400), polyethylene glycol 6000 (macrogol 6000), titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow, quinoline yellow.=

Thiolepta indications for use

• - diabetic polyneuropathy; - alcoholic polyneuropathy.

Thiolept contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug Thiolepta. Pregnancy, period breastfeeding(there is no sufficient experience in using the drug). Childhood up to 18 years of age (efficacy and safety of use have not been established).

Thiolept dosage

• 300 mg 600 mg

Thiolept side effects

• After intravenous administration possible convulsions, diplopia; pinpoint hemorrhages in the mucous membranes, skin, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic rash (purpura), thrombophlebitis; with rapid administration, an increase is possible intracranial pressure(a feeling of heaviness in the head); difficulty breathing. The listed side effects go away on their own. Allergic reactions are possible: urticaria, systemic allergic reactions (up to the development anaphylactic shock). Hypoglycemia may develop (due to improved glucose absorption).

Drug interactions

With simultaneous use of thioctic acid and cisplatin, a decrease in the effectiveness of cisplatin is observed. Thioctic acid binds metals, so it should not be used simultaneously with medications containing metals (for example, iron, magnesium, calcium). With simultaneous use of thioctic acid and insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, their effect may be enhanced, therefore regular monitoring of blood glucose concentrations is recommended, especially at the beginning of therapy with thioctic acid. In some cases, it is permissible to reduce the dose of hypoglycemic drugs to avoid the development of symptoms of hypoglycemia. Infusion solution thioctic acid is incompatible with dextrose solution, Ringer's solution and with solutions that react with disulfide and SH groups, ethanol. Ethanol and its metabolites weaken the effect of thioctic acid.

Overdose

are still unknown.

Storage conditions

• store in a dry place
• store at room temperature 15-25 degrees
• keep away from children
• store in a place protected from light

Information provided

IN modern medicine a product called Macrogol is often used. What is it? What properties does it have? In what cases is it necessary to use the drug? Are there any contraindications or side effects? Many patients who are faced with the need to take this medication are looking for answers to these questions.

"Macrogol" - what is it?

Many patients experience this unpleasant problem like constipation. And in this case, Macrogol can help. Instructions for use, price and reviews - this, of course, important points. However, first you should understand the release form and properties.

Macrogol is a white powdery substance - it is what is used to prepare medicinal solutions. Essentially this is generic name polyethylene glycol. Since this substance itself can upset the balance of electrolytes in the body, other components are added to the powder, in particular sodium saccharinate, sodium and potassium chlorides, anhydrous sulfate and sodium bicarbonate (this prevents the development of potassium and sodium deficiency).

What properties does the medicine have?

This substance promotes the evacuation of intestinal contents due to osmotic pressure. The fact is that the macrogol molecule, after entering the digestive tract, forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Due to the liquid, the feces swell and soften, which makes them easier to pass. Besides, medicinal substance helps normalize intestinal motility, which also helps fight constipation.

It is worth noting that macrogol is chemically inert. It does not react with other substances in the intestines. Moreover, the substance is not adsorbed and is excreted unchanged. Macrogol powder does not irritate the mucous membrane digestive tract, so patients do not complain of pain or burning in the area anus. Since there are no serious side effects from therapy, the medicine is often used in modern medicine, especially if we're talking about O chronic constipation.

Main indications for use

In what cases is it advisable to take the drug Macrogol? What is it and how does it affect the body? This is valuable information that is worth reviewing.

• The medicine is used to treat symptomatic constipation in adults and children (if the child is over 8 years of age). Since the powder contains no sugar, it can also be prescribed to patients with diabetes.
• The use of Macrogol is also justified if it is necessary to cleanse the patient’s intestines before endoscopic procedures or x-ray examinations.

How to take the drug correctly?

The medicine should not be used without first consulting a doctor. As a rule, the patient is recommended to take one sachet of powder - it needs to be diluted boiled water(warm or room temperature). It is better to take the medicine on an empty stomach, a few minutes before meals.

If we are talking about cleansing the intestines before a diagnostic procedure, then therapy should begin 1-2 days before.

It is worth noting that this medicine not used for the systematic treatment of constipation. Medicines can only temporarily alleviate the situation. If we are talking about chronic disorders stool, it is important to determine and eliminate the cause of the pathology.

Contraindications to therapy

We have already dealt with questions about when patients are prescribed Macrogol, what it is and how to take it correctly. But it is worth understanding that in some cases the use this tool contraindicated. You should familiarize yourself with the list of restrictions before starting therapy, these are:

• erosion and peptic ulcers mucous membrane of the large intestine;
• presence of partial or complete intestinal obstruction;
• allergy to any component of the medicine;
• in the presence of abdominal pain of unknown origin;
• ulcerative colitis;
• Crohn's disease;
• children's age (the drug is not prescribed to patients under eight years of age).

There are also so-called relative contraindications, the list of which includes severe dehydration, heart failure and some systemic diseases. In such cases, the use of medication is possible, but only if the patient is under constant medical supervision.

Are there any possible side effects?

Could it be dangerous reception medicine Macrogol? Instructions for use contain a list of possible complications.

• In some patients active substance The drug causes allergic reactions, which are manifested by the appearance of skin swelling, redness and rashes, and less often - urticaria and anaphylactic conditions.
• Some patients, after taking the medicine, report severe diarrhea, a feeling of heaviness, discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen. To the list side effects may also include nausea, which often ends in vomiting, increased gas formation in the intestines.
• Sometimes (usually when taking too large a dose of medication), an urgent urge to have a bowel movement may develop. Occasionally, temporary fecal incontinence is observed.

By the way, according to statistics, complications during treatment are extremely rare.

Medicine "Macrogol": analogues and preparations containing this component

As already mentioned, you can buy Macrogol powder at the pharmacy for oral administration. In addition, this substance is part of some combination medications. Their list includes drugs such as Lavacol and Forlax. This laxative is also present in the drug Fortrans.

Information on interactions with other drugs

According to research results, Macrogol is not able to react with other chemicals. However, when taking medications at the same time, macrogol may reduce the effectiveness of other drugs because the bowel empties too quickly and active ingredients fail to have the desired impact.

This is why it is important to follow the medication regimen - any medicine can be taken no earlier than two hours after Macrogol.

How much does Macrogol and its analogues cost?

In fact, drugs containing macrogol are widely used in modern medicine. Their cost varies - it all depends on the type of medicine, the form of its release, the availability of certain auxiliary components, policies of the manufacturer and distributor. For example, the cost of a package of the drug “Forlax” (consists of 10 sachets) ranges from 140 to 170 rubles. For 15 sachets of the drug Lavacol you will have to pay about 200 rubles. A Fortrans package, consisting of four packages, costs 500-600 rubles.

Macrogol is a drug that has a laxative effect.

What is the composition and release form of the drug Macrogol?

The synthetic drug is produced in powder, where the active substance is macrogol, in addition, some formative compounds are added (sodium chloride, sodium saccharinate, and so on).

The dosage form is intended for the preparation of a solution that is used enterally. The laxative should not be stored in high humidity; the medication should be stored in a dry place, otherwise it will lose its therapeutic effect.

The powder is produced in small bags, which are placed in cardboard boxes. You can buy laxatives in the over-the-counter department. After the expiration date of the medication, it is recommended to refrain from its further use.

What effect does Macrogol powder have on the body?

The drug Macrogol has a laxative effect, this effect develops as a result of an increase in the volume of intestinal contents, due to the liquid present in it, as a result, intestinal peristalsis increases, stool liquefies, which leads to the onset of diarrhea.

As a result of the action of the active substance of the laxative drug Macrogol, effective cleansing the large intestine, in particular such anatomical formations as the sigmoid and rectum.

After consuming the powder, the active substance of the drug Macrogol is not absorbed from the digestive tract and is not metabolized, in addition, the drug does not cause an irritating effect. The effect of the laxative medication develops after 24 hours or after 48 hours.

What are the indications for use of Macrogol?

The laxative Macrogol is intended for use as symptomatic treatment impaired intestinal evacuation function, that is, constipation.

In addition, Macrogol is prescribed before diagnostic procedures when the patient is prescribed X-ray examination or endoscopic examination.

What are the contraindications for use of the drug Macrogol?

There are some conditions when the Macrogol laxative instructions for use prohibit its use for treatment:

The medicine is not prescribed for ulcerative lesions of the colon mucosa;
Crohn's disease;
The drug is not prescribed for intestinal obstruction, either partial or complete;
Severe heart pathology;
The product should not be used until the age of fifteen;
If the patient has pain in the abdominal area of ​​unknown origin, in such a situation the use of laxatives is contraindicated.

IN old age the drug should be prescribed only under the supervision of medical personnel. During pregnancy and lactation, it is recommended to first consult a doctor; if the doctor considers it necessary, he will prescribe Macrogol.

What is the use and dosage of the medicine Macrogol?

Macrogol powder is recommended to be taken orally in a dosage of 10 to 20 grams per day; it is best taken in morning time. It is enough to use one or two laxative sachets per day, first dosage form dissolve in boiled chilled water (1 sachet per 1 liter of liquid). With a purpose quite long-term treatment constipation, this remedy is not recommended.

Prescribing a laxative is usually the first step in treating constipation. In addition, it is important to review your diet, and it is important to enrich it with plant fiber. The amount of fluid you drink should be sufficient and your lifestyle should also be supplemented physical activity.

What are the side effects of Macrogol?

When using the laxative Macrogol, the patient may experience a side effect from the drug, expressed in the form of nausea and vomiting; these symptoms usually occur in the early stages of treatment and then disappear on their own.

In addition, some people experience a side effect in the form of pain syndrome which is felt in the abdominal area, this condition usually develops after using a laxative powder in a high dosage.

Possible occurrence allergic reactions on the use of laxatives, which will manifest themselves dermatologically, in particular, the patient will develop a rash on the skin, as well as swelling skin. In more difficult situations The development of anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out, and it is important to provide the patient with symptomatic treatment in a timely manner.

Overdose from Macrogol

In case of an overdose of Macrogol, the patient will experience diarrhea. After stopping the medication loose stool stops, after which treatment can be resumed, but in smaller doses.

Special instructions

It is worth noting that using the laxative Macrogol is not recommended for a long time. If there is a malignant pathology of the intestinal mucosa, you should refrain from using medicinal product. And we are on www.!

How to replace Macrogol, what analogues should I use?

The drug Realaxan, Lavacol, Osmogol, in addition, Fortrans, the drug Forlax, Endofalk, Forteza Rompharm, as well as the drug Transipeg.

Conclusion

Poly(oxyethylene)

Chemical properties

Macrogol, what is it? Macrogol is a polymer ethylene glycol . Depending on the molecular weight of the compound, it is in different states of aggregation. It is a liquid, gel or solid. Structural formula substances: HO−(CH2−CH2−O)n−OH.

Polyethylene glycol used in various industries as a binding component of solid rocket fuel, a solvent, a cryoprotectant, an osmotic agent to simulate drought conditions in experiments on plants, and a reagent that replaces lava when simulating underwater eruptions. The product is also used in the form food additivesE1521 , as a base for cosmetics and various ointments, laxative.

Usually, when a product is mentioned in instructions, its molecular weight is added to the name of the substance. Used in medicine Macrogol 4000 And Macrogol 6000 .

Pharmacological action

Laxative .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the ability of a polyhydric alcohol to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Thus, penetrating into the gastrointestinal tract, this substance binds water, increases the fluid content in the chyme, stimulates the rapid evacuation of feces, and stimulates intestinal motility. The product prevents the loss of electrolytes in feces.

High molecular weight Macrogol is not absorbed through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and does not penetrate into systemic blood flow, does not affect the acidity of the environment. It is excreted unchanged through the intestines.

Indications for use

The drug is prescribed:

• for symptomatic treatment in adults and children over 8 years of age;
• in preparation for colonoscopy, surgery and x-ray examinations.

Contraindications

The substance is contraindicated for use:

• at and erosions colon mucosa;
• patients with complete or partial intestinal obstruction;
• at ;
• if the patient has abdominal pain of unknown etiology;
• children under 8 years old;
• at Crohn's disease , toxic expansion of the colon.

Side effects

Macrogol is well tolerated by patients. However, there is a list of adverse reactions that may develop during treatment with this substance.

Possible:

• allergic reactions to the drug, rash,;
• , painful sensations in the stomach, a feeling of discomfort and heaviness;
• vomiting and nausea;
• urgent urge to defecate, up to fecal incontinence (taking high doses).

Macrogol, instructions for use (Method and dosage)

Usually the drug is prescribed in a dosage of 10-20 grams, once a day. The medicine is taken in the morning on an empty stomach, during or before meals. The effect of the drug begins 1-2 days after administration. The duration of treatment is also determined by the doctor.

When preparing for an intestinal examination or surgery, the substance is taken according to the recommendations of the attending physician. The product is drunk 18-20 hours before the procedure. You need to drink 3 liters of solution with the addition of Macrogol, 200 ml every 20 minutes. Then you can only eat liquid food. Eating should be stopped at 10 pm on the eve of surgery.

Overdose

In case of overdose, severe diarrhea . As a treatment, it is recommended to reduce daily dosage or interrupt therapy. Due to excessive fluid loss, they may develop electrolyte disturbances . Diarrhea goes away on its own 1-2 days after stopping the medication.

Interaction

Macrogol may slow down the absorption of medications that were taken in parallel with the drug. It is necessary to maintain a gap of 2 hours between doses of medication.

Terms of sale

No recipe needed.

Storage conditions

The medicine is stored away from small children, subject to temperature conditions.

Best before date

Special instructions

The drug should not be used for a long time.

There are reports of cases aspiration resulting from the administration of Macrogol and electrolytes through a nasogastric tube. Children with impaired swallowing function are especially at risk for aspiration.

Allergic reactions to the drug are rare ( rash , ,

Depending on the mechanism of action, laxatives are divided into:

• irritants that stimulate colon receptors with chemical components. They form only a single bowel movement, which is observed 10 hours after entering the gastrointestinal tract;
• osmotic. These are preparations based on sodium chloride, magnesium salts and high molecular weight polymers such as polyethylene glycol. This component is the main one active substance Macrogol drug. Such products have properties that allow the accumulation of water in the intestinal lumen by attracting additional amounts of fluid from blood plasma and fat-type tissues. This contributes to a significant softening of feces, growth osmotic pressure in the intestinal cavity, which facilitates the process of defecation;
• prebiotics. These drugs are not digested upper sections Gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon unchanged. Actively stimulate development beneficial microflora in the intestine, which allows you to establish peristalsis of the suction organ. The most effective products are those based on lactulose (30-50 ml). They create a laxative effect a couple of hours after administration;
• Detergents (oils) are laxatives that lubricate the intestinal walls, soften feces, thereby facilitating their easier evacuation. It is possible to feel their effect no earlier than 4 hours after administration;
• bulk preparations. These are natural substances or synthetic polysaccharides that are not digested in the intestines and absorb water. Thus, they increase in volume, stretch the intestinal walls and cause a reflex reaction - the act of defecation.

Polyethylene glycol in the composition of the drug Macrogol

The active ingredient of the drug Macrogol is obtained artificially chemical substance polyethylene glycol. This component of the drug, mixing with stagnant in the intestines feces, provokes the process of their saturation with water and subsequent removal from the body through the rectum. In this case, neither physiological reactions nor the gastrointestinal environment change in any way. This allows you to minimize gas formation and spasms of the small and large intestines.

Macrogol is an inert laxative that does not react with medications or food components. This property allows the drug to be used not only for constipation, but also in other cases when it is necessary to cleanse the intestines, for example, before surgery.

The instructions for using Macrogol must be carefully studied before carrying out therapy. This will not only avoid large quantity serious complications, but also cases of overdose. It is recommended to take the drug exclusively as prescribed by a gastroenterologist or therapist.

Polyethylene glycol in Macrogol is effective:

• with periodically developing stool retention, which is observed in certain intestinal diseases (for example, dysbiosis);
• before diagnosing the intestinal lumen (colonoscopy method);
• before the ultrasound examination and radiography;
• How preparatory stage to surgical intervention (including minimally invasive).

If other situations with intestinal upset arise, you must consult a qualified specialist before using the drug.

Rules for taking the drug Macrogol

Macrogol is sold in powder form, which should be dissolved in water before use: pour the contents of one sachet (15 g of powder) into a glass clean water, wait for complete dissolution and you can drink. This dosage is for 1 dose. A full course of treatment for constipation will require at least 14 sachets. Treatment must be carried out strictly according to the instructions included in the package with the medicine.

To cleanse the intestines before an examination or before surgical intervention It is enough to take two doses of the drug. The second part should enter the gastrointestinal tract no later than 20 hours before the procedures.

To achieve maximum effectiveness, it is necessary to combine the use of the product with special diet consisting of fiber-rich foods and required quantity liquids (2 l/day)

Cost of the drug

In pharmacy chains except original drug Macrogol has a wide range of analogues: Fortrans, Tranzipeg, Lavacol, Osmogol, etc. When choosing a product, some are guided by its cost, others by reviews of quality. The price/quality ratio of the original drug is superior to that of generics. The effectiveness of the branded drug has been proven over years of research and confirmed by consumer reviews. Its price is absolutely affordable for the population - it ranges from 280 to 400 rubles (depending on the region) for 10 sachets.

Side effects and contraindications

Exceeding the dosage of Macrogol is fraught with the appearance of unpleasant symptoms: stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and increased urge to defecate. When you stop using the medicine, the signs of the disorder disappear after a few days. Intestinal motility is restored in a short period of time. In the future, you can resume taking the medication. A small number of patients experienced allergic rashes on the skin, itching and slight swelling of the skin.

Macrogol should not be used if:

• peptic ulcers of the digestive system;
• Crohn's disease;
• manifestation of symptoms of intestinal obstruction;
• the patient has acute pain in the abdominal area;
• heart attacks, strokes;
• individual intolerance polyethylene glycol;
• before reaching 14 years of age;

The drug Macrogol is universal remedy, which can be consumed even during breastfeeding

There are many reviews about Macrogol positive character. He receives excellent ratings not only from patients, but also from doctors. The main advantage of a laxative is its inertness and low level development of side effects. The remedy is relevant for chronic constipation. Laxative effect observed one day after administration.

Do not exceed dosages, follow the recommendations of a qualified specialist and monitor your well-being! Be healthy!