Acetone in urine: how to recognize and what to do? Acetone in urine in adults and children: pungent odor from urine

Today, acetone in urine is a common occurrence, and doctors are not surprised by it. Adults and children experience this disease equally. What is the reason for its appearance, and how to overcome the disease?

When a laboratory test confirms the presence of acetone in the urine, you can be 100% sure that the doctor will diagnose acetonuria. And at this moment you should be seriously concerned about your health. Acetonuria is evidence of serious disorders in the body. Especially if we're talking about about a child or a pregnant woman.

Should go immediately full examination in order to exclude serious pathologies. Acetone in urine does not always indicate disease. Sometimes the reasons for its appearance may be harmless, but they still need to be eliminated urgently.

If you notice the smell of acetone when urinating, run and get tested. If the morning is still far away, you can do the test yourself by purchasing special indicator strips at the pharmacy.

What does acetone mean in urine, and why is it so dangerous? Acetone is a toxic ketone body that our body produces. This is waste after partial oxidation of proteins and fats. Ketone bodies are eliminated through urination. Their quantity is scanty, 0.01 - 0.03 g per day. Each of us has acetone in our urine. But if its concentration is exceeded, this is already a deviation from the norm. In this case, you should understand the reasons and take action.

Acetonuria can occur even in absolutely healthy body, for example, under the influence of unfavorable provoking factors. But most often it is a sign serious illnesses - diabetes mellitus, infections, etc.

If we describe the process of formation of acetone in urine, then when there is a lack of energy in the body, protective mechanisms are activated. As a result, the breakdown of your own proteins and fats begins, which is accompanied by the formation of toxins - ketone bodies. They are excreted from the body in urine and are also exhaled into the air. If there are too many ketone bodies, the body cannot cope and their quantity exceeds the allowed norm. Intoxication of the body begins, which is fraught with the following consequences:

brain damage;
cardiovascular failure;
lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa;
severe dehydration;
metabolic acidosis;
coma.

That is why it is so important to identify the cause of the disorder in time and undergo treatment.

Causes in children

Each of the parents has once encountered this problem with their child. Statistics say that children under 13 years of age are most often affected by it. The most common reason for this tender age of children is disruption of processes fat metabolism and absorption of carbohydrates. There may be other reasons:

overwork on physical level in hyperactive children;
hereditary factor;
fasting or malnutrition, which provoked a decrease in glucose levels;
excess proteins and fats in the body;
increased stress on the body after past diseases(surgeries, infections), as well as during stress;
enzyme deficiency;
pathologies that provoke acetonuria;
worms;
diathesis;
frequent use of antibiotics;
hypothermia;
high temperature;
dysentery.

Another important factor: a child under 12 years of age develops the pancreas. And during this period it may malfunction and not cope with the load.

The respected and beloved children's doctor Komarovsky more than once in his program raised the topic of the appearance of acetone in the urine of children. IN recent years This syndrome is becoming more and more common objective reasons- Not proper nutrition. After all, the number of stomach diseases in childhood also increased sharply. Therefore, parents need to teach their child to eat a balanced diet and choose the right products consciously. This will not only prevent acetonuria, but will also eliminate a number of other threats to the health of a fragile body.

Acetone in urine in adults

In adults, there are many more reasons for the appearance of acetone in the urine:

High temperature.
Alcohol poisoning.
Infectious diseases.
Injuries that affected the nervous system.
Thyrotoxicosis (excessive production of thyroid hormones).
Various metal and chemical poisonings.
Chloroform anesthesia.
Stomach cancer.
Anemia.
Cerebral coma.
Diabetes mellitus of both types is in the stage of decompensation.
Prolonged fasting, strict diets.
Carbohydrate deficiency.
Unbearable physical activity.
A diet of fatty and protein foods.

The most dangerous pathologies are those that require urgent medical intervention. Solve the issue with proper diet, physical activity and temporary malaise, of course, is easier.

Until now, doctors have not figured out the secret of the appearance of acetone in the urine of women - the reasons are mysterious to some extent.

But still, they identify some factors that can provoke an excess of ketone bodies:

decreased immunity;
negative influence of environmental factors;
psychological states, unnecessary worries;
eating foods that contain preservatives, dyes and other harmful chemical compounds;
toxicosis in the form of uncontrollable vomiting.

Most often, this is due to poor nutrition. In a delicate situation, you should not give in completely to your gastronomic desires; you should especially limit sweets and fatty foods. And someone, on the contrary, is afraid of losing shape and goes on a diet, this is even more dangerous. Pregnant women are advised to eat a balanced diet - a sensible diet.

Whatever the reason, it must be identified as soon as possible to stay healthy expectant mother and baby.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acetonuria are noticeable even before undergoing medical tests. This may include loss of appetite, lethargy and fatigue, mental depression, vomiting after eating, pain in the abdomen, fever, the smell of acetone from the mouth and when urinating.

If you do not take action at this stage, you can see daily deterioration of the body, attacked by ketone bodies. Other symptoms will appear:

liver enlargement;
central lesion nervous system(excitement abruptly gives way to drowsiness and vice versa);
development of a coma;
toxic poisoning;
dehydration.

All these signs can be detected independently, but the diagnosis must be confirmed by a doctor by prescribing appropriate tests and other examinations.

Symptoms in children may differ from those in adults. This is understandable, because children's body not yet fully formed. The baby may complain of headaches, refuse certain products, abdominal pain in the navel area. After a meal, vomiting is possible, accompanied by an increase in temperature. The child will be lethargic and unlike himself. The skin will turn pale, and an unhealthy blush will begin to burn on the cheeks. If you notice symptoms, go to the doctor immediately pediatrician, no self-medication.

Diagnostic methods

We figured out what acetone means in the body, but how to determine its amount? There are 2 available methods:

Laboratory analysis. If acetonuria is suspected, the local doctor will prescribe the usual referral for general treatment. It is handed over according to all the rules: in the morning, urine is collected in a dry and clean container. You must first carry out hygienic procedures. The absence of ketone bodies is considered normal. If a minimum quantity is found, a plus sign will be added to the column. One plus is a weakly positive reaction, 2 and 3 are positive, 4 or more are critical.
Test at home. In recent years, the problem of acetonuria has become so urgent that special tests for independent determination of acetone in urine have appeared on the market. You can buy it at your nearest pharmacy. It's better to buy several at once. Testing must be carried out 3 days in a row in the morning. Just like in the laboratory, they collected the urine in a container and lowered the indicator into it. A couple of minutes of waiting, and the result is ready. The amount of ketone bodies is determined by the color of the strip. Pink - there is acetone, purple - its amount is off scale. The exact gradation will be on the packaging. Of course, such a test will not provide accurate data, but it will confirm or refute fears.

Treatment methods

Treatment of acetonuria must be started as early as possible so as not to bring the situation to a critical moment. If we are talking about pregnant women and children, then therapy is carried out in inpatient conditions under the supervision of doctors. But if the child does not have vomiting, convulsions or fainting, then treatment can be carried out at home. This happens in the following sequence:

a blood glucose test is taken to immediately rule out diabetes mellitus;
ketone bodies are removed from the body (enemas, enterosorbents);
the lack of glucose in the body is replenished (moderately sweet drinks, mineral water, oral solutions).

After the symptoms have been relieved, you should undergo an examination and take all measures to ensure that the situation does not recur. It is recommended to do a biochemical blood test, donate additional tests urine, do an ultrasound of the pancreas, examine the liver, follow a diet and adjust your lifestyle.

A treatment regimen for detecting acetone in urine can only be drawn up by the attending physician, who has studied the patient’s symptoms and his tests. Its effectiveness depends on timely and adequate treatment.

Lifestyle correction is perhaps the only point that depends on ourselves. It is understood that you need to follow a work and rest schedule, sleep, accustom yourself to walks on fresh air, study physical health, monitor proper nutrition, increase immunity and cope with stress.

Children are advised to limit their TV viewing time and computer games, replacing them with walks. With increased mental and physical stress, parents need to ensure that their child gets enough rest.

For acetonuria, it is imperative to follow the prescribed diet. The following products are strictly prohibited:

canned treats;
coffee and cocoa;
citrus;
mushrooms;
fried foods;
sweets;
smoked meats;
offal;
fatty meat and fish;
tomatoes;
cream and sour cream;
fast food.

All this junk food will have to be replaced healthy foods: turkey, rabbit, beef, vegetable soups, lean fish, light porridges, fruit drinks, juices, fruits.

Conclusion

If you experience alarming symptoms, do not sit idly by, it will not go away on its own. Acetone in urine - danger sign. Do not ignore it, be sure to consult a doctor.

This is especially true for parents and pregnant women.

When, during a laboratory test of urine, acetone (ketone bodies) is detected in it, they speak of the presence of acetonuria. Urination in this condition is also accompanied by the smell of acetone. Acetonuria is alarming symptom, indicating that there is some kind of disorder in the body, that not all is well with health. Moreover, the appearance of acetone in the urine of a child or pregnant woman should alert you.

Therefore, if this violation is detected, it is necessary to undergo a thorough medical examination to exclude the presence of serious pathologies. If they are detected, timely treatment measures should be taken. Although, the presence of acetone in the urine does not always indicate a disease. Often the reasons for its appearance are more harmless, but always require immediate attention.

Therefore, if you smell acetone when urinating, you need to consult a doctor and donate urine for laboratory research. You can also buy special test strips at the pharmacy to determine acetone in urine. We'll talk to you today about why this is important. Why does acetone appear in urine, the reasons, as well as treatment and what is the norm for it - we will find out and discuss all this:

Ketone bodies in urine are normal

Acetone, acetoacetic, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are closely related and are united by one name - ketone bodies. They are a product of incomplete oxidation of fats and, partly, proteins. Ketone bodies are excreted in the urine. The amount of acetone in the urine is very small, its norm is 0.01 - 0.03 g per day.

Since acetone is present in small quantities in the urine of every person, it is detected quite often in laboratory tests. If its concentration is slightly increased, it is said to be a slight deviation from the norm. This condition does not require treatment. But if its level significantly exceeds the norm, the cause of the pathology should be found out and measures taken to eliminate it.

Reasons for exceeding the norm

The main reasons for this phenomenon are:

Diabetes mellitus (stage of decompensation),
- nutritional disorders, namely, long-term absence of carbohydrate foods in the diet,
- febrile conditions,
- presence of eclampsia,
- oncological tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,
- development of esophageal stenosis,
- recovery period after general anesthesia.

Acetonuria can also occur due to cerebral coma, hyperinsulinism and hypercatecholemia. May appear during prolonged fasting, alcohol intoxication, and also due to food poisoning or dehydration.

But still, most often, a large amount of acetone in the urine indicates long-term illness diabetes mellitus of the first or second type, accompanied by absolute insulin deficiency. When there is a discrepancy between the volume of digestible carbohydrates and consumed fats, the level of acetone increases. This phenomenon is usually observed when treating diabetes without insulin. The administration of insulin normalizes this phenomenon.

The appearance of acetonuria in diabetes mellitus should be taken very seriously, since this phenomenon may indicate an approaching coma. Therefore, when strong smell when urinating, if the breath smells of acetone, as well as in the presence of mental depression, the patient requires urgent hospitalization.

Acetonuria in a child

Availability this violation in a child should seriously alert his parents. It is necessary to visit a pediatrician and undergo an examination. Perhaps the child has a pathology that requires treatment. However, most often increased rate acetone is the result of poor nutrition, namely, frequent consumption of fatty foods. In this case, the children's diet should be balanced.

Acetonuria during pregnancy

The presence of acetone (above normal) in the urine of a pregnant woman indicates incomplete breakdown of proteins. If the cause is an unbalanced or unhealthy diet, the doctor will help you make a list of foods that need to be consumed. In this case, a woman should strictly adhere to the recommended diet.

If the reason lies in the presence of any pathology, the doctor will take measures to eliminate it. It should be remembered that acetonuria in pregnant women will not have any effect negative influence on the condition and development of the fetus, if the cause of its appearance is identified and resolved in time.

Acetone in urine - treatment

Treatment of acetonuria consists of identifying the underlying cause and then eliminating it. In case of an acetonemic crisis, the patient is hospitalized and administered intravenously (drip) infusion solutions. When the condition improves and the crisis comes out, the patient is placed under control and continues to be treated on an outpatient basis.

Assign special diet, consisting of most carbohydrate foods. Meals are recommended to be frequent and in small portions. It is recommended to drink more clean water, but also often, in small portions.

Drinking alkaline drinks is also beneficial. This drink can be obtained by mixing 1 teaspoon in a glass of water. baking soda. You can cleanse the intestines with an enema.

If the cause is toxicosis, the pregnant woman is advised to drink mineral water. Borjomi is ideal. Just drink mineral water not in glasses, but in small sips, but often.

For acetonuria in children, a special diet is prescribed, increased drinking regime. Provide for the child required quantity glucose.

In any case, only a doctor can correct acetone in the urine. Its norm is also controlled by him when thorough examination. Adequate treatment is prescribed after identifying the underlying cause high content acetone in urine. Be healthy!

Ketone bodies are products of partial oxidation of protein and fatty substances. Normally, in men and women, these elements are present in small quantities and are excreted by the kidneys.

This pathology must be treated subcutaneously. High content acetone in the urine of a diabetic indicates. The condition is characterized by the smell of acetone from the mouth.

The person needs urgent hospitalization. Acetonuria is also observed with problems with the liver and digestive tract.

An increase in ketone bodies is also caused by severe infectious pathologies. Low level, cachexia also lead to ketonuria.

Regardless of what caused acetonuria, the condition requires additional examination and consultations with a competent doctor.

Associated symptoms

Increased acetone in the urine in an adult (teenager) is characterized by the following symptoms:

up to complete aversion to food;
fatigue, muscle weakness;
pungent odor of acetone when emptying the bladder;
pain in the abdominal area;
acetone smell from oral cavity.

These manifestations are observed with a slight increase in acetone in urine.

At an advanced stage, the following occurs:

dehydration;
liver enlargement;
intoxication manifestations;
signs of development of a coma.

If symptoms of ketonuria appear, it is important to consult a doctor immediately. If the condition worsens rapidly, you should call emergency help.

Diagnostic methods

To pick up effective therapy, first carry out a diagnosis. The doctor is able to assume acetonuria based on the patient’s complaints.

At the first appointment, the doctor collects anamnesis and asks the patient:

when did the first signs of illness appear;
how a person eats;
does he practice and how often?
do you have diabetes?

During the examination, the therapist also pays attention to the patient’s body odor: usually the epidermis turns pale with acetonuria. In this condition, the heartbeat and breathing are rapid, and the heart sounds are muffled. When palpating the liver, the doctor notes an increase in the organ's size.

On initial stages The development of acetonuria can occur without pronounced symptoms. In this case, the doctor prescribes a number of examinations:

general urine analysis(gives an estimate of the number of ketone bodies, takes into account the presence of bacteria and protein). Acetone per portion biological fluid laboratory technicians mark with a plus sign. Normally there should be no ketones. The presence of two or three pluses indicates increased acetone, four – a significant deviation from the standard;
blood test(biochemical and general);
urine test with indicator strips. They are used for screening diagnosis of acetonuria and are suitable for home use. The result is determined by the change in the color of the indicator: if the strip turns pink, this means that the content of ketone bodies is slightly increased, if it turns purple, the deviation from the norm is significant. The study is carried out in the morning before meals.

After the specialist establishes the fact of ketonuria, he begins to search for the cause that caused this condition.

To establish the cause of ketonuria, the patient is prescribed laboratory and instrumental studies:

serum glucose test;
glycemic profile (if plasma glucose levels are elevated);
culture of urine sediment (performed when inflammation is suspected);
Ultrasound of the liver, and;
FGDS;
hormonal profile analysis thyroid gland.

What to do?

The first thing to do when diagnosing ketone bodies in the urine is to make an appointment with an endocrinologist or therapist. The doctor draws up a treatment regimen based on the examination results.

If the cause of acetonuria is diabetes, then the patient is prescribed or. For liver problems, hepatoprotective drugs are prescribed. If poor condition developed due to dehydration, then infusion therapy is indicated.

Paste for oral administration Enterosgel

To increase immunity, the patient is prescribed. Be sure to prescribe sorbents Filtrum, Enterosgel or Smecta, which remove toxic substances from the body.

To avoid negative consequences ketonuria, it is necessary to treat the disease competently and in a timely manner.

Treatment with folk remedies

With a slight increase in ketones in urine or as complex therapy acetonuria, alternative medicine methods are used.

According to reviews from doctors and patients, the following remedies are considered the most effective:

chamomile decoction. Take 5 grams of raw material and pour a glass of boiling water. After 10 minutes of infusion, drink the composition. The decoction should be taken up to 5 times a day during an exacerbation and up to 3 times when the condition improves. Duration of therapy – a week;
decoction of dried. Take 150 grams

Ketone bodies (acetone) are formed as a result of the metabolism of proteins and fats and are produced by the liver. Present in small amounts in biological fluids. Increased acetone in the urine indicates processes mainly inflammatory in nature, therefore should not be ignored. In most cases, you need to consult a doctor who will help you determine what acetone in the urine means and prescribe the correct treatment.

The main reasons for the appearance

Most common reasons acetone in urine in adults can be represented as follows:

Endocrine disorders. For example, diabetes types 1 and 2, associated with pancreatic dysfunction, as a result of which the concentration of glucose increases in the bloodstream, which is not fully absorbed by cellular structures and triggers the process of decomposition of proteins and fats with the formation of ketones.
Eating large quantity fats and protein-rich foods, while the diet lacks glucose and complex carbohydrates. Such a diet may cause metabolic disorders.
Following a strict unbalanced diet. Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals leads to disruption of the processing and absorption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates and, as a result, an increase in the concentration of acetone in the urine.
Exhausting physical and mental work, stress that requires large amounts of glucose.
Prolonged hyperthermia in the background inflammatory pathologies, which leads to dehydration and metabolic disorders.
Relapse of diseases chronic form.
Recovery period after surgical interventions.
Infectious and inflammatory pathologies and malignant neoplasms gastrointestinal tract, esophageal stenosis.
Intoxication of the body as a result of heavy metal poisoning, alcoholic products, synthetic or toxic compounds.
Oncology leads to excessive breakdown of proteins and an increase in acetone in the urine.

Causes in children

In patients under 12 years of age, the presence of acetone in the urine is often associated with:

Physiological characteristics, since this period is characterized by rapid growth. This means that the body has insufficient glycogen reserves and there is not enough of it for all energy processes.
Excessive energy expenditure as a result of great mental or physical activity, and together with poor nutrition, this leads to an increase in the level of toxic compounds in urine.
The immaturity of the endocrine glands, which are responsible for metabolism. At this age, enzyme deficiency (for example, of the pancreas) is possible, which leads to a deterioration in food processing and the development of putrefactive processes, as a result of which acetone appears in the urine.

Acetoacetic acid is also used for helminthic infestations, dysentery, allergies to certain types of foods and medications, as well as after a long course of antibacterial therapy.

Causes in pregnant women

The reasons for the appearance of acetone in the urine of women during pregnancy are associated with the following factors:

toxicosis with severe nausea and vomiting, which disrupts the admission process necessary substances into the body;
poor nutrition, predominance of animal products and insufficient intake of complex carbohydrates;
anemia;
decreased immunity;
diabetes mellitus

Clinical picture

At mild degree severity, the clinical picture is absent or weakly expressed, which makes it difficult for timely diagnosis pathological condition. With moderate and severe severity, acetonuria occurs with severe symptoms, among them:

The smell of rotten apples that appears during urination. As the disease progresses unpleasant aroma comes from the skin, bad breath. Eating protein foods leads to an increase in symptoms.
Pain syndrome in the umbilical cavity.
Hyperthermia with low-grade and critical levels.
Abstain from drinking water and food.
After eating, nausea occurs, and vomiting is possible. Vomit has an unpleasant, pungent odor of acetone.

Prolonged refusal of food and water leads to dehydration, which is characterized by the following symptoms:

pallor and dryness of the epidermis;
redness of the cheeks;
dryness of the oral mucous membranes, the appearance of a white coating on the tongue;
weakness;
drowsiness.

Gradual poisoning with ketone bodies leads to dysfunction of the nervous system. The patient is very excited, this state is gradually replaced by drowsiness and can progress into a coma. Convulsive syndrome cannot be excluded.

In childhood and during pregnancy

If acetone in the urine is higher than normal, parents of children should be alert to the following symptoms:

refusal of food and water;
lethargy and low activity;
tearfulness and increased irritability;
causeless hyperthermia;
complaints of discomfort and pain syndrome in the stomach;
diarrhea;
nausea and vomiting;
the appearance of a bad aroma of rotten apples from urine, dermis and from the mouth.

The difficulty of diagnosis in pregnant women lies in the fact that acetonuria is disguised as toxicosis and gestosis. Therefore, it is important for a woman to undergo regular examinations by a gynecologist and undergo general clinical tests of heme and urine.

For the expectant mother and fetus, acetone is dangerous because it causes many complications and can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, premature birth, hypoxia or intrauterine growth retardation.

Diagnostics

Subject to availability clinical picture described above, you should immediately consult a general doctor - for adults, a general practitioner, for children - a pediatrician, who will tell you how to determine ketones in the urine, why it increases and what to do to normalize the condition.

To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor interviews the patient to determine the duration of the symptoms and their severity. Next, an examination is carried out, during which the patient’s smell, condition skin. During palpation, an enlarged liver is detected, and when listening heart rate and breathing becomes more frequent and muffled. Based on the results of the initial diagnosis, an examination protocol and diagnosis are drawn up.

To understand the nature of acetonuria, a comprehensive examination is required. Determination of acetone in urine is carried out using the following methods:

general clinical and biochemical research urine and gems;
urine test for sugar and acetone;
drawing up a glycemic profile for blood glucose levels;
bacteriological culture of urine when the level of leukocytes and other indicators that indicate inflammatory processes are exceeded;
study hormonal levels to determine the functioning of the thyroid gland;
analysis of daily urine, allowing to obtain more accurate results.
Ultrasound and MRI of the endocrine glands and liver;
instrumental examinations of the gastrointestinal tract if indicated;
tissue biopsy if there is concern for the malignant origin of ketonuria.
If you suspect helminthic infestation You should check your stool for bacterial flora.

Test strips

Today, the pharmacological market offers express tests that allow you to test your urine for acetone quickly and without leaving your home. When conducting the study, you should follow the clear instructions indicated on the packaging. It is recommended to carry out the analysis for 3 days in a row for better information content.

For the study, you will need a sterile container for biological fluid and a morning portion of urine. The test is lowered into the urine to the level of the indicator for a few seconds, after which it is taken out and shaken off. Place the test on a dry surface and wait a few minutes. Depending on the concentration of acetone in the urine, the indicator acquires shades from pink to purple. The colors indicate a certain level of ketones in the urine, which can be identified by attaching the test strip to the tube with instructions.

Important! Each manufacturer claims different durations research, so you should read the instructions before use.

Research results

Normally, there is no acetone in the urine of adults. During the study, the results are recorded in the form of crosses or pluses and look like this:

“+/-” - the norm of acetone in the urine - there are no traces of ketone bodies or their concentration does not exceed 0.5 mmol/l;
“+” indicates a mild reaction - from 0.5 mmol/l to 1.5 mmol/l;
“++” or “+++” indicates a positive reaction - from 1.5 mmol/l to 4 mmol/l;
“++++” indicates a sharply positive reaction - there are many cells in the urine - 10 or more mmol/l.

If the reaction is mild, acetonuria is treated with outpatient setting by changing your diet. With two or three crosses, therapy is carried out under the supervision of a specialist, prescribed medications. The four crosses obtained as a result of a laboratory test - a critical level of acetone in the urine, indicate the need urgent treatment in intensive care conditions.

Treatment

If ketone bodies are detected in a urine test as a result of endocrine pathologies, treatment is carried out under the guidance of an endocrinologist. In case of infectious etiology of acetone in the urine in adults, it is necessary to consult an infectious disease specialist; in children, therapy can be carried out by a pediatrician. If acetoneacetic acid appears in the urine from 2 to 4 crosses in severe poisoning, treatment by doctors of several specialties may be required.

First and important stage The cure is proper nutrition. Banned fatty types meat and fish, as well as broths and soups prepared on their basis. During treatment, you should avoid cottage cheese with a high percentage of fat, eggs, canned food, sweets, fried foods, and smoked foods. It is also not recommended to consume fruits that are not grown in the patient’s area of residence. The basis of the diet should be domestic vegetables and fruits, meat and fish products low-fat varieties, cereals, steamed or boiled.
An important role in reducing the concentration of acetone in the urine is played by liquid, a sufficient supply of which (more than 2 liters) can flush out toxic compounds and help restore metabolic processes.
Taking sorbents (Enterosgel, Polysorb, Smecta, Filtrum) and an enema will help reduce the level of ketone bodies in the urine.
In case of infectious etiology or intoxication, it is necessary to compensate for the sugar deficiency. Warm sweet tea and rehydration solutions will help with this. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.
For infectious etiology of acetonuria, antibacterial and antiviral drugs. For diabetes mellitus, a complex of medications is prescribed. For oncology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and cytostatics are necessary.

Gastrointestinal diseases require monitoring by a gastroenterologist and surgeon. If the test for acetone in the urine is positive, and the patient is underweight, it is necessary to consult with a rehabilitation specialist and therapist. If a malignant etiology of acetonuria is suspected, the patient is referred for consultation to an oncologist.

Acetone in the urine is a sign of metabolic disorders, exacerbation of chronic diseases, infection, diabetes, or the result of an unbalanced diet and excess stress. Treatment is carried out comprehensively in accordance with the identified cause. The basis of therapy is a diet that helps normalize the level of ketone bodies in the urine.

Acetone in the urine, or acetonuria, is a condition associated with incomplete absorption of fats and proteins.. As a result of defective oxidation nutrients in urine increases - acetone, hydroxybutyric and acetoacetic acids. The body produces ketone bodies after the oxidation of proteins and fats and then excretes them in the urine.

This is important! U healthy people the acetone content in urine should not exceed 50 mg per day. Exceeding this figure indicates the presence pathological processes in the body.

Reasons for the appearance of acetone in urine

The main cause of acetonuria is decreased pancreatic function, which produces insufficient quantity enzymes for the digestion of proteins and fats.

Excess of ketone bodies in urine often occurs in children under 12 years of age. This is due to the fact that the pancreas is still developing before this age, often malfunctions and is not able to cope with stress.

Acetone is often observed in urine in diabetics, as well as in patients suffering from pancreatitis and various infectious diseases, stomach cancer, thyrotoxicosis.

Less often flaw digestive enzymes arises in healthy people it's related with poor nutrition or strict diet, when protein and fatty foods predominates over carbohydrates, as well as during increased physical activity.

Many people who practice high protein and low carbohydrate diets(Kremlin, Atkins diet) for the purpose of weight loss, they get acetonuria as a result of nutritional imbalance.

Acetonuria can also appear in the following conditions:

chronic alcoholism or acute alcoholic intoxication;
infectious diseases;
thyroid dysfunction(thyrotoxicosis);
poisoning heavy metals;
general anesthesia using ethers;
head injuries affecting the brain and nervous system.

Norm and deviations of the indicator

The concentration of acetone in urine depends on the age, weight and health status of the person. For children and adults, there are different standards for the content of ketones in urine.

In adults the norm of ketone content should not exceed 0.3-0.5 grams per day.
In children this indicator should not be higher 1.5 mmol per liter of urine.

Indicators above these values indicate the presence of pathologies of the pancreas, intoxication, problems with the thyroid gland, poor nutrition, lack of carbohydrates in the diet.

Photo 1. Protein diets- This is a blow to the pancreas. IN healthy diet carbohydrates should predominate. Source: Flickr (jeffreyw)

Symptoms

Common symptoms characteristic of acetonuria in adults and children are:

acetone smell from the mouth;
lethargy;
lethargy;
bad smell urine;
nausea and loss of appetite;
abdominal pain;
vomit after eating;
dry tongue.

If you do not take action immediately when these symptoms appear, then intoxication of the body can lead to more severe consequences : dehydration, poisoning, central nervous system damage, liver enlargement, coma.

Diagnosis of acetonuria

Currently, determine the presence and level of acetone in urine possible at home using test strips. They are freely sold in pharmacies without requiring a doctor's prescription. To conduct a home test, you need to collect morning urine, in which you need to dip a strip for a few seconds. If the strip changes color from yellow to , this indicates the presence of normal or slightly increased concentration ketones in urine. Shades of lilac or rich purple indicates severe acidosis.

Which are prescribed by a doctor if acetonuria is suspected, show the amount of ketone bodies in urine: