Perhaps not a single endocrine gland has undergone so many ups and downs in the study, ranging from complete denial of endocrine function to recognition as almost the main one among its own kind, as was the case in the study of the pineal gland for many centuries.

For many years, the "third eye" pineal gland of humans and other mammals was considered a functionally useless phylogenetic relic. The pineal gland was attributed to a rudimentary complex that does not represent a lively scientific interest, however, in Lately its multifunctionality has been demonstrated in humans and other mammals.

The pineal gland proved to be a gland that synchronizes the functions of the body with external conditions and therefore was called the "regulator of regulators." The new role reminded of the forgotten place of the soul. Meanwhile, the popularity of the pineal gland to this day is so great that one of the Western musical groups, Pineal gland, has taken its name, along with other creative song samples, there are songs such as Pineal gland 1 and Pineal gland 2", another group "Fila Brazilla" wrote the song "Extrakt of pineal gland" from the album "Main That Tune".

The history of the development of ideas about the meaning and functions of the epiphysis is one of clear examples ups and downs on the difficult path of knowledge. In ancient times, 2000 years before our era, there was a flourishing of the doctrine of the epiphysis. He was assigned the role of "the center of the soul." Ancient Indian philosophers considered it an organ of clairvoyance and an organ of reflection on the reincarnations of the soul. Ancient Greek natural philosophers assumed that the pineal gland is a valve that regulates the amount of soul needed to establish mental balance.

The first description of the anatomy of the pineal gland was made by Galen. Based on the observation that the pineal gland is located close to the large intracerebral vein, Galen suggested that it is the regulator of the lymph glands. Indian yogis believed that this tiny organ is nothing but a clairvoyant organ, designed to reflect on previous incarnations of the soul. Scientists of Ancient Greece and India showed interest in this organ. It was believed that this is the organ of clairvoyance, the organ of mental balance, "the center of the human soul." Descartes also paid attention to the pineal gland, who believed that this organ distributes animal spirits between various bodies body. He also made attempts to explain mental illness in connection with a violation of the structure of the epiphysis.

In the 17th century, the French scientist Descartes believed that the pineal gland is an organ through which the material interacts with the ideal in a person. Knowing that most brain structures are paired, that is, they are symmetrically located in the right and left hemispheres, he suggested that it is in this organ that the human soul is located. After all, this organ - the pineal gland - is located in the center of the cranium. He wrote: "The soul has its seat in a small gland located in the center of the brain." Meanwhile, not many organs were awarded the attention of philosophers.

The great Renaissance anatomist Vesalius also showed interest in the epiphysis. He gave the first images of this organ, which he compared to a pine cone; his comparison was later fixed in the name of the epiphysis "pineal gland". Regarding the physiological significance of the pineal gland, Vesalius supported the view of Galen. On the basis of data on the peculiar topographic location of the "brain gland", Op attributed to it the role of a valve that regulates the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system.

Leonardo da Vinci argued that in the human head there are special spherical zones associated with the eyes. He depicted them on an anatomical sketch. According to the scientist, one of the spheres (“the chamber of common sense”) is the dwelling place of the soul. It was later suggested that this is a kind of valve between the ventricle and the Sylvian aqueduct of the brain.

Then, over the course of many decades, interest in the pineal gland faded, and only a few works on embryology and comparative anatomy glands. But the detailed and versatile data on the structure of the pineal gland were completely inconsistent with insufficient information about its function.

The pineal gland has been undergoing a new wave of recognition since the end of the 1950s, when in 1959 Lerner and co-workers identified a factor that brightens the pigment cells of tadpoles from extracts of the pineal glands of a bull, which he called melatonin. In these same years, another researcher, Farrell, proved that the pineal gland secretes a factor that stimulates the production of aldosterone in the adrenal glands and, thus, affects the water-salt metabolism. Subsequently, this factor was named adrenoglomerulotropin.

Since then there have been hundreds scientific works devoted to the study of the most diverse aspects of the action of the pineal gland in the body. The 1970s brought back interest in the epiphysis, its morphology and function. Dozens of laboratories in the USA, France, Romania, Yugoslavia. England and other countries joined in a kind of competition to study it. Dozens of papers, reports appear, symposiums and conferences gather, at which attempts are made to generalize the materials received, to give at least an approximate scheme of the activity of the pineal gland in the body. There is a kind of race for new active substances from the pineal gland. It becomes clear that the pineal gland is an active neuroendocrine organ with its own characteristics of morphology and function. Moreover, biologically active substances involved in the regulation of the activity of other endocrine organs began to be isolated from the pineal gland. Its influence on the function of the pituitary and gonads, the state of homeostasis is being studied.

At the same time, it is also obvious that the pineal gland still remains the least studied endocrine organ. Modern stage in the study of the epiphysis, with good reason, it can be called the stage of the first discoveries, the definition of phenomena and the construction of initial concepts. An accurate experimental analysis of the endocrine functions of the pineal gland is only at the beginning of its journey. In our country, the most intensive study questions functional value epiphysis in the body are developed by prof. A. M. Khelimsky, a group of researchers led by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.

ANATOMY

The epiphysis rarely has the shape of a pine cone. Greek, epiphysis - bump, outgrowth. More often it is round (oval) or polygonal, spherical. There are also indications of the cone-shaped form of this relatively smooth appendage of the brain. In an adult, the mass of an organ is 100-180 mg. (about 0.2g.). However, due to the fact that at various periods of adulthood and especially often in old age, cysts and deposits of brain sand may appear in the pineal gland, its size and weight can be much larger than the indicated average figures.

The size of the gland also varies greatly: in newborns: 2.6 * 2.3 * 1.7, at the age of 10 years 6.6 * 3.3 * 4. After 20 years, the dimensions reach 7.3 * 5.8 * 4.4 mm and stabilize. The relative size and mass of the epiphysis in children is greater than in adults. In adults: length 8-15mm, width 6-10mm, thickness 4-6mm. There are also such “relative” indications of size as “the size of a grain of rice”, “the size of a pea”. The color of the iron is usually darker than the neighboring parts of the brain, reddish-grayish in color. This "physical center of the brain" refers to the epithalamus of the su diencephalon, a protrusion on the rostral dorsal surface connected by a pedicle to the posterior wall of the third ventricle. Located in a shallow groove that separates the upper mounds of the roof of the midbrain from each other between the upper mounds of the quadrigemnal plate (above the third cerebral ventricle) and attached to both visual tubercles (between the tubercles of the anterior pair of quadrigemina). Leashes are stretched from the anterior end of the pineal body to the medial surface of the right and left thalamus (visual tubercles). It is also called the “periventricular organ”, which is part of the CVO (circumventricular) system, which includes: the epiphysis, the medial eminence, the subfornical organ, the subcommissural organ, the terminal plate, the neural part of the pituitary gland.

The greatest dawn of the pineal gland takes place at 5-6 years (according to some data, the involution of the pineal gland begins at the age of 4-5 years; 7 years), then it involutes, while there is a slight decrease in the number of pinealocytes that atrophy, and in their place connective tissue is formed. After 8 years of age, areas of calcified stroma (“brain sand”) are found in the epiphysis, but the function of the gland does not stop. With age, calcified calculi accumulate in the pineal body, and a characteristic shadow appears on the x-ray of the skull in this place. A certain number of pinealocytes undergo atrophy, and the stroma grows and the deposition of phosphate and carbonate salts increases in it in the form of layered balls called brain sand.

HISTOLOGY

Histologically, parenchyma and connective tissue stroma are distinguished. The histological structure of the epiphysis of newborns differs from its structure in adults. Cell nuclei are usually oval in shape, sharply contoured. Chromatin grains are located mainly along the periphery of the nucleus. The stroma consists of collegiate, elastic and argyrophilic fibers and cellular elements.

The epiphysis is surrounded by a pia mater, to which it is directly attached. The pia mater forms a capsule. The capsule and the trabeculae extending from it contain trabecular vessels and postganglionic synaptic fibers. The capsule and layers of connective tissue are built from loose fibrous connective tissue to form the stroma of the gland and divide its parenchyma into lobules. Researchers point to several types of stroma structure; cellular, reticular, alveolar. Connective tissue becomes more developed in old age, forms layers along which blood vessels branch.

The parenchyma of the epiphysis consists of cells that are tightly adjacent to each other. The pineal parenchyma appears fairly homogenized at low magnification. A small number of vessels permeate the gland. Histologically, the parenchyma of the pineal gland has a sancital structure and consists of pineal and glial cells. In addition, there are prevascular phagocytes.

Two types of cells are found in the epiphysis: pinealocytes (about 95% of the cells, large, light cells) and astrocytes (glial cells, dark, oval nuclei). At high magnification, three types of nuclei are visible. Small dark nuclei belong to astrocytes. Pinealocytes have large, light nuclei surrounded by a small amount of light cytoplasm. Most nuclei are pinealocyte nuclei. Endothelial cells are associated with vessels. Pinealocytes and astrocytes have long processes.

Pineal cells - pinealocytes are found in all lobules, located mainly in the center, these are secreting cells. They have a large oval vesicular nucleus with large nucleoli. From the body of the pinealocyte, long processes extend, branching like bidendrites, which are intertwined with the processes of glial cells. The processes, club-shaped expanding, go to the capillaries and contact with them. Numerous long processes of pinealocytes end in extensions on the capillaries and among the cells of the ependyma. In the terminal sections of some of the processes, there is an incomprehensible purpose of the structure - dense tubular elements surrounded by i. synoptic spheroids. The cytoplasm of these club-shaped extensions contains osmiophilic granules, vacuoles, and mitochondria. They contain large vesicles, lobulated nuclei with invaginations of the cytoplasm. Pinealocytes are best demonstrated by silver impregnation. Among pinealocytes, there are light pinealocytes (endochrinocytis lucidus), characterized by a light homogeneous cytoplasm, and smaller dark pinealocytes with acidophilic (and sometimes basophilic) inclusions in the cytoplasm. Apparently, both of these forms are not independent varieties, but are cells in different functional states, or cells undergoing age-related changes. Numerous mitochondria, a well-developed Golgi set, lysosomes, vesicles of the agranular endoplasmic stem, ribosomes and polysomes are found in the cytoplasm of pinealocytes. Pineal cells, large, light with large nuclei, polygonal in shape. The size and shape of pineal cells varies with age and is partly related to sex. By the age of 10-15, a pigment (lipochrome) appears in them.

- pinealocytes are arranged in groups; There are light (less active) and dark (more active) pinealocytes. Light and dark pinealocytes, apparently, represent different functional states of one cell.

- pinealocytes form axo-vasal synapses with vessels, so the hormone they secrete enters the bloodstream

- pinealocytes synthesize serotonin and melatonin, and possibly other protein hormones

- the pineal gland is outside the blood-brain barrier, since the pinealocytes have direct connections with the capillaries (axo-vasal synapses)

Morphological manifestations of the secretion of the pineal gland: nuclear pairs, pale basophilic formations inside the nuclei of pineal cells, vacuolization of their cytoplasm, basophilic or oxyphilic drops of the colloid in the cells of the tissue colloid) and in the vessels of the thia venules (intravascular colloid). Secretory activity in the pineal gland is stimulated by light and darkness.

Glial cells are located between secretory cells and fenistrated capillaries. Glial cells predominate on the periphery of the lobules. Their processes are directed to the interlobular connective tissue septa, forming a kind of marginal border of the lobule. Hyal cells are small with compact cytoplasm, hyperchronic nuclei, and numerous processes. Glial cells are astroglia. They - interstitial cells - resemble astrocytes (They do not differ from astrocytes nervous tissue, contain accumulations of glial filaments, are located perivascularly), have numerous branching processes, a rounded dense nucleus, elements of a granular endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeletal structures: microtubules, intermediate filaments and many microfilaments.

BRAIN SAND

“... In the course of the search for the biochemical basis of crystals of psychic energy, the brain sand of the pineal gland attracted our attention. In our opinion, the mineralization of the pineal gland can play an important role in the regulation of biological rhythms, in the implementation of the magnetoreceptor function and in the control of body aging. Also, in our opinion, brain sand crystals may be responsible for the transformation of cosmic energies more high frequencies to lower ones, which can be perceived by the body without harm to the latter.

In the pineal gland in adults and especially in old age, bizarre forms of deposits are often found - sandy bodies of brain sand. Synonyms: brain granules, brain sand, sand bodies, calcified granules, acervuli cerebri. These deposits often give the pineal gland a certain resemblance to a mulberry or spruce cone, hence the name. These layered can be represented by calcium phosphates or carbonates, magnesium or ammonium phosphates. Calcifications are radiopaque, stain basophilically, and can serve as a histological characteristic of the pineal gland.

PHYSIOLOGY

There are no reliable morphological signs indicating a secretory function. However, lobulation and close contacts of parenchymal cells with connective tissue and neuroglial elements make it possible to judge the glandular structure of the epiphysis. The study of cell ultrastructure also shows the ability of pinealocytes to secrete a secretory product. In addition, dense vesicles (dens core vesicles) 30–50 nm in diameter were found in the cytoplasm of pinealocytes, indicating a secretory process. In the endothelium of the capillaries of the pineal gland, burrows with a diameter of 25–4 nm were found. Capillaries with this ultrastructure are found in the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid and pancreas, i.e. in typical organs of internal secretion. According to Wolfe and A. M. Khelimsky, pores in the capillary endothelium are another sign indicating its secretory function. Research recent years found that the pineal gland is a metabolically active organ. In its tissue, biogenic amines and enzymes are found that catalyze the processes of synthesis and inactivation of these compounds. It has been established that an intensive exchange of lipids, proteins, phosphorus and nucleic acids takes place in the pineal gland. Three physiologically studied active substances found in the pineal gland: serotonin, melatonin, norepinephrine. There is a lot of data on the antihypothalamic factor, which connects the epithalamic-epiphyseal complex with the hypothalamus - pituitary system. So, for example, it produces arginine-vasotocin (stimulates the secretion of prolactin); pineal hormone, or Milku factor; epithalamin - a total peptide complex, etc. Peptide hormones and biogenic amines were found in the epiphysis, which makes it possible to classify its cells (pinealocytes) as cells of the APUD system. It is possible that other hormonal compounds can also be synthesized and accumulated in the pineal gland. The pineal gland is involved in the regulation of processes occurring in the body cyclically (for example, the ovarian-menstrual cycle), the activity of the pineal gland is associated with the function of maintaining the biorhythm (change of sleep and wakefulness). The pineal gland is a link in the implementation of biological rhythms of rhythms, incl. circadian. Rhythmic fluctuations of other periodic functions, the intensity of which regularly changes throughout the day, are called circadian (from la a. circa diem - about a day). Circadian rhythms are clearly associated with the change of day and night (light and dark periods), and their dependence on the pineal gland indicates that the hormone-forming activity of the latter is determined by its ability to distinguish between changes in light stimuli received by the body. Chronobiology is engaged in the study of rhythms - the science of changes in the body associated with the rhythms of nature - having arisen in ancient times, it is rapidly developing today.

Pinealocytes produce melatonin, a derivative of serotonin, which inhibits gonadotropic secretion and prevents early puberty. The destruction of this gland, its underdevelopment or removal of the epiphysis in infantile animals in the experiment results in the onset of precocious puberty. The inhibitory effect of the pineal gland on sexual function is due to several factors. First, pinealocytes produce serotonin, which is converted into melatonin in them. This neuroamine appears to impair or inhibit the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gonadotropins. At the same time, pinealocytes produce a number of protein hormones, including antigonadotropin, which weakens the secretion of lutropin from the anterior pituitary gland. Along with antigonadotropin, pinealocytes form another protein hormone that increases the level of potassium in the blood, and therefore participates in the regulation of mineral metabolism. Number of regulatory pepids. produced by pinealocytes, approaches 40. Of these, arginine is the most important - vasotocin, thyroliberin, luliberin and even thyrotropin.

The pineal gland models the activity of the pituitary gland, pancreatic islets, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gonads and thyroid gland. The influence of the pineal gland on the endocrine system is mainly inhibitory in nature. The effect of its hormones on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal system has been proven. Melatonin inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins both at the level of liberin secretion of the hypothalamus and at the level of the adenohypophysis. Melatonin determines the rhythm of gonadotropic effects, including the duration of the menstrual cycle in women.

Fluctuations in the level of melatonin affect the production of a number of hormones by the pituitary gland that regulate sexual activity: luteinizing hormone, which is necessary for ovulation; secretion of estrogen; follicle-stimulating hormone, which regulates sperm production in men and ovarian maturation in women; prolactin and oxytocin, which stimulate the formation of milk and the manifestation of maternal affection. A number of studies have shown that the level of melatonin in women varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. For example, researchers in California measured nightly melatonin levels in forty women over two menstrual cycles. All showed a significant decrease in its concentration on the days corresponding to ovulation. And before the start of menstruation, the level of melatonin was almost twice as high as in the first part of the cycle. These observations are consistent with the results of a study in female athletes conducted in 1991 in San Diego. The fact is that in women who expose themselves to excessive training, the menstrual cycle and sometimes menstruation stops altogether. It turned out that their level of melatonin is twice as high as that of those who have no cycle changes. Pineal hormones inhibit the bioelectrical activity of the brain and neuropsychic activity, providing a hypnotic, analgesic and sedative effect. In the experiment, pineal gland extracts cause insulin-like (hypoglycemic), parathyroid-like (hypercalcemic) and diuretic effects. There is evidence of participation in immune protection. Participation in the fine regulation of almost all types of metabolism.

MAYBE THE THIRD EYE WILL GET ALL THE SAME?

They call it differently:

• Third Eye
• ajna chakra
• "eye of eternity" (OssenF)
• Eye of Shiva
• Eye of wisdom (jnana chakshu)
• "The abode of the soul" (Descartes)
• Dream Eye (Schopenhauer)
• pineal gland

It is assumed that it is located in the following way:

• the physical organ of vision, which was once located in some animals between the eyebrows - in place of the ajna chakra.
• is located in the center of the brain and is only projected into the space between the eyebrows.

And you can also train it:

• Alternative vision does not appear by itself, it must be “turned on” by an effort of will.
• Press on the crown of the head at the point of the ajan chakra with a sharp object. There is a concentration at the site of pain and one's "third eye" is felt.
• An interesting pattern is known: in some people who have devoted themselves to spiritual practices and the acquisition of special information-psychic qualities, as a result of hormonal changes in the body, the bone on the crown of the head becomes so thin that only skin remains in this place - like a snake's eye.
• today it is reliably established: the pineal gland is directly related to sexual functions, and sexual abstinence activates the epiphysis.
• in extreme cases: trepanation of the skull was also recorded back in the Stone Age. Such an operation was carried out by the priests-healers of the ancient Egyptians and Mayans, the Sumerians and the Incas.
• In order to open the “third eye”, it is necessary (absolutely necessary) to be able to feel the place of the pineal gland. At the same time, they act as follows: they concentrate on the middle between the eyebrows, as a result of which there is a feeling not of this place, but (which is noteworthy) just a “sense of the third eye” (center of the head). Therefore, everywhere in yoga it is prescribed: concentrate on the place between the eyebrows, which is often misunderstood and, as a result, the eyes begin to squint.

Many people devote their whole lives to regain the once lost "divine" abilities. One of their primary tasks they put the opening of the third eye. It takes years and years of intense spiritual asceticism. And the most amazing thing is that these people really achieve paranormal psychic abilities.

It is also known that due to the special way of life of the initiate and due to the hormonal restructuring of the body on the parietal part, a small area becomes thinner to such an extent that, in fact, only skin covering. On the crown of the head (not in the forehead!) A real snake's eye is formed. That is why, probably, among all ancient peoples, the snake was considered the personification and symbol of wisdom. (Yerem P.)

“Here is one method for opening the third eye. It is necessary to sit comfortably so that nothing distracts, look at yourself from the outside, concentrate, look inside yourself and repeat the self-hypnosis phrase without any meaning: “Open the third eye.” Repeat, repeat and repeat. Focus on the image of the one you need, on the face, on the figure, on the clothes. Reset intuition and get in touch with the information field. Select the desired paniformation from it. There will come a moment - and an unknown nerve highlights in the brain, as on a screen, what you need to see. At the same time, one should not express any emotions, observing dispassionately, without interference, shouting, without boasting, without calculations and mathematical calculations (“sit and watch”), watch everything CALMLY. Often the event seen with the third eye has already happened. It cannot be canceled, that is, when communicating with the pan-information of the system, which gives absolutely reliable information, you must remember: what you saw has already happened to you and to other people whose fates intersected with yours. If someone hopes to avoid the inevitable, others will not allow it. 3rd stage. Lie on your back and spin open eyes clockwise. Make a full circle, as if you were looking at a huge clock, but do it as quickly as possible. Your mouth should be open and relaxed. Thus concentrated energy is directed to the "third eye".

DIVINE ESSENCE

- In ancient Egypt, the all-seeing eye was a symbol of the god Ra.

“According to accurate beliefs, the third eye is a mandatory attribute of the gods.

— He allowed them to contemplate the entire prehistory of the universe, see the future, freely look into any corner of the universe.

- Hindu, and then Buddhist deities (murals and sculptures of Buddhist temples) are usually depicted with a third eye vertically located above the level of the eyebrows.

- The “Third Eye” also glows on the forehead of Kumari - the living goddess of virginity (in the capital of Nepal, Kathmandu) - a painted eye, laid down by rank.

- With the help of the third eye, the God of creation Vishnu, dreaming on the waters, penetrates the veils of time.

“Shiva, the god of destruction, is also capable of incinerating worlds.

- The symbol of the all-seeing eye always accompanies mythology.

- The all-seeing eye gave the unearthly ancestors of mankind (the gods) remarkable abilities - hypnosis and clairvoyance, telepathy and telekinesis, the ability to draw knowledge directly from the cosmic mind, to know the past and the future.

- The symbol came to us from ancient mythological stories and can be found on the US dollar bill.

THE ACTIVITY OF THE THIRD EYE

— Sensitivity to the millimeter wave range, as well as to the magnetic field.

– Captures not only variations of the geomagnetic field, but also ultra and infrasounds.

- The “third eye” is the “eye of eternity”, thanks to which the initiate not only remembers his previous incarnations, but can also look into the future. (Stef Yu.)

- "Alternative vision": with closed physical eyes, you can freely read any text, distinguish all signs, navigate in an unfamiliar room.

- Helps to perceive and radiate "subtle energy", "see" not only what is happening outside the body, but also inside it.

By the way, sexual abstinence activates the pineal gland, and if it lasts for a long time, it also affects the psyche - it can contribute to ecstatic experiences, so familiar to the monks.

- Responsible for the human intellect and obtaining information about the past and future, is capable, like the eyes, to radiate mental images.

— The state of the Pineal gland is directly related to the level of our spiritual development, the Evolution of Consciousness, with the extent to which we are connected with God with our thoughts. If this is not the case, then the pineal gland does not receive the pure energies of God, changes its function and atrophies, and the level of melatonin in the body decreases. Immediately, the pituitary gland, thyroid and thymus glands are disconnected from the hormonal metabolic processes of the body. Pathological processes develop like an avalanche - the body turns on the mechanism of self-destruction!

- The pineal gland in the body is considered the main regulator. It produces the hormone melatonin, which protects the body from free radicals, and therefore protects it from cancer, AIDS, and other misfortunes. This hormone calms the nervous system and helps to keep the Consciousness at the Alpha level, and also slows down aging.

— An organ capable of studying in the subtle energy range.

- He is endowed not only with the gift of the third eye, but also the Spiritual Eye, the All-Seeing Eye, is called the receptacle of the soul, the astral body.

- The ancient Greeks believed that the pineal gland is the seat of the soul, the center of thought. The latter consider the pineal gland to be the physical center of the brain, the link between the physical and imaginative worlds. Endow this body with the gift of higher vision.

PHYLOGENESIS OF THE THIRD EYE

For example, in snakes, lizards and lampreys, the pineal gland gradually moved away from the roof of the ventricle of the brain and rose to a hole in the bony septum of the skull. Located in the middle of the forehead, just under the skin, which in these creatures is almost transparent, it exactly repeats the structure of the eye: it small vial filled with vitreous fluid. Moreover, the upper partition under the skin, as it were, resembles the cornea, and the lower one is similar in structure to the retina. From it even comes a nerve similar to the visual one, which forms the corresponding apparatus in the brain. However, everything is arranged and debugged in such a way as to look inward - to see what is happening inside the body, and not outside it. Of course, from a snake to a man - a long way. Those. in snakes, lizards, and lampreys, the pineal gland gradually moved away from the roof of the ventricle of the brain and rose to a hole in the bony septum of the skull. The third eye in reptiles is covered with translucent skin, and this led scientists to assume that it works not only in the light range. Sensitivity to infrasounds and future images makes reptiles excellent predictors of various cataclysms: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and even magnetic storms. However, it is believed that these beings can foresee, thanks to the special properties of the third eye, to perceive subtle information about the future from information field planets.

PIPHYSIS: THIRD EYE. WHY EPIPHYSIS? WHY EYE?

— The pineal gland has amazing mobility. The pineal gland... able to rotate... Almost like an eyeball in an eye socket.

- the activity of this gland is largely stimulated by light (and possibly in other ranges) signals coming from the eyes.

“Moreover, they talk about the direct similarity of the pineal gland with the eyeball, since it also has a lens and receptors for the perception of colors.

— The pineal gland is associated with the special information capabilities of a person.

- The version "pineal gland - third eye" explains well another mystery - why in their sessions of predictions, magicians and soothsayers from ancient times resorted to the help of children and virgins.

“The pineal gland, as it turned out, receives impulses from ... the pupil, and possibly from the eyeball. Simply put, the activity of the pineal gland is stimulated by light signals coming from the eyes!

- The lens can be found in the epiphysis, vitreous body, similar to the retina with light-sensitive cells, the remainder choroid and optic nerve. In addition, there are glandular cells in the third eye, and in higher animals it has degenerated into a real full-fledged gland.

— Located in the geometric center of the brain. Doesn't this correspond to the location of the great pyramids in the physical center of the planet?

- The epiphysis has a conical handicap = 2 concentric spiral rays from the center of the pyramid.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE EPIPHYSIS?

It is believed that over the millennia of inactivity, the pineal gland has significantly decreased in size, and that once it was (in the future it will again become) the size of a large cherry.

The pineal gland is an endocrine gland located in the brain. Thanks to it, we feel tired and want to sleep when the body's energy resources are depleted, and thanks to it, we feel a surge of strength during wakefulness.

Features of the gland

Consider what it is - the pineal gland of the brain. The pineal body is also called the epiphysis and pineal body. The gland refers to the organs endocrine system and is located in the interthalamic region - between brainstem and the brain.

Of particular importance are the hormones of the pineal gland:

• - a hormone responsible for the change in sleep and wakefulness, the depth and duration of sleep phases, awakening.
• Serotonin is a well-known hormone of happiness, a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system that facilitates physical activity. Participates in the regulation of the pituitary gland and the normalization of vascular tone, the process of blood clotting, inflammatory and allergic processes in response to the pathogen.
• Adrenoglomerulotropin is a derivative of melatonin that affects the cells of the adrenal cortex.

Thus, the pineal gland extends its functions far beyond the brain, affecting directly or indirectly the entire system. hormonal regulation in organism.

The pineal gland performs the most important functions for the cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine systems. The work of other glands depends on this endocrine gland, the pathologies of which cause a number of indirect diseases, therefore the influence of the pineal gland is difficult to overestimate.

The pineal body also regulates the following processes:

• Inhibition of growth hormone secretion
• Participation in the processes of puberty
• Maintaining a constant environment in the body
• Biorhythm control.

An interesting fact is that in the Middle Ages the pineal gland was considered the location of the soul in the human body. For the same reason, esotericists still call the pineal gland the third eye. In esotericism, there are special practices for activating the pineal gland to develop telepathic abilities.

Organ pathologies

Calcification of the pineal gland also takes place - the formation of calcium accumulations in the tissues of the gland. Such a pathology occurs quite often and is considered a consequence of the natural aging process of the body, or as a result of congenital pathologies.

The accumulation of calcium salts is a cystic, but dense calcareous plate or ball no more than 1 cm in diameter. If calcareous accumulations increase in size, an MRI should be diagnosed, since such formations can be precursors of tumors.

Among the pathologies of this organ, the most common cyst of the epiphysis

Bone epiphysis

There is the same term in the skeletal system. This is an extended section. tubular bone. This part of the bone belongs to the articular section, it is also called the proximal epiphysis. It is involved in the formation of the articular surface.

In this section of the bone, a spongy tissue structure is observed, and the proximal epiphysis itself is covered with a cartilaginous type of tissue. The metaphysis adjoins the epiphyseal plate. Between the two epiphyses of the bone is the diaphysis.

under the layer cartilage tissue bone is a plate with a cluster of nerve endings.

From the inside, the pineal gland fills with red Bone marrow responsible for the production of red blood cells and normal work vessels and capillaries. The diaphysis is formed by compact bone tissue and has a trihedral shape. Its growth causes the metaphysis.

Bone diseases

The diaphysis is often exposed only to malignant processes. A well-known disease in which the diaphysis is affected is Ewing's sarcoma. Also, the diaphysis is affected in lymphoma, myeloma, fibrous dysplasia.

The metaphysis is more prone to osteomyelitis in childhood and requires serious treatment. Since the metaphysis is abundantly supplied with blood, especially in large bones, its lesions are observed with:

• osteoblastoma;
• Chondrosarcoma;
• fibrous dysplasia;
• Fibroma;
• Osteome;
• bone cyst;
• Enchondrome.

Causes of cystosis

The causes of the cyst of the epiphysis of the brain can be divided into three large groups, since a clear answer on the etiology of the disease has not yet been given.

The first group includes the wrong outflow of melatonin from the pineal gland. The reason for this may be blockage, compression and narrowing of the ducts through which the hormone is secreted. This phenomenon can be provoked by:

• Hormonal restructuring;
• autoimmune diseases;
• brain infections;
• Traumatic brain injury;
• Cerebrovascular pathologies.

As a result, melatonin that has not been released through the ducts accumulates inside the gland, forming a capsule.

The third group is a hemorrhage in the pineal gland. It doesn't end lethal outcome, if not extended to other brain regions, but acts as a factor provoking the formation of a pineal cyst.

There are also congenital cysts, which are detected even at the stage of the initial examination of newborns. The reasons for the formation of congenital cysts can be:

• Intrauterine pathologies;
• Severe pregnancy accompanied by infectious diseases of the mother;
• Injury to the child's brain when passing through the birth canal;
• Infectious diseases in a child in the first days of life.

Most often, the causes of congenital cysts of the epiphysis are precisely in the severe course of pregnancy and trauma to the head of the child during childbirth.

Clinical picture

A small cyst of the pineal gland of the brain most likely will not show any symptoms. Such cysts are detected by imaging diagnostics quite by accident, and do not threaten the patient in any way. Such a cyst of the epiphysis is called silent non-progressive.

A fast-growing cyst is considered dangerous, which threatens the patient with hydrocephalus at best. The rapid growth of the cyst clinically manifests itself in:

• Frequent headaches;
• dizziness;
• Double vision, lack of focus of vision;
• Reduced visual acuity;
• Increased fatigue;
• Constant drowsiness and reduced performance;
• Violation of coordination of movements;
• Violation of space-time orientation.

If the cause of the cyst was the defeat of echinococcus, lesions are observed as in pineal gland, as well as in the substance of the brain. Against this background, intoxication of the body and the following symptoms are observed:

• Reduced psychomotor;
• depression;
• Decreased sensitivity;
• cognitive disorders;
• epileptic seizures;
• extrapyramidal disorders.

Diagnostics

The pineal gland of the brain can only be studied with the help of magnetic resonance imaging. This painless procedure visualization in three-dimensional space of internal organs and nearby vessels.

The method allows not only to detect pathology, but also to determine its benign or malignant nature, to monitor the dynamics of the development of the disease.

If malignancy is suspected, without fail a biopsy is prescribed, during which part of the cyst is taken for histological analysis. This allows differentiation of the cyst and malignant neoplasms brain.

Treatment Methods

Such a cyst is not amenable to drug treatment. The only method by which you can get rid of the cyst of the pineal gland is surgery.

If the cyst was formed due to infection with echinococcus and is growing rapidly, disrupting the brain as a whole, surgical removal is mandatory. Otherwise, the quality of life of the patient is significantly reduced.

There are strict indications for surgical removal of the pineal cyst:

• Violation of the functions of neighboring parts of the brain;
• Disturbances in the blood supply to the brain;
• Pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
• Hydrocephalus;
• Pathologies in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid.

The operation can be performed endoscopically or using craniotomy. The latter method is used in cases where the cyst has big sizes or malignant.

For cysts that do not require surgery, the patient may be prescribed drugs that eliminate the symptoms:

• ibuprofen;
• Carbomazepine;
• Eleutherococcus tincture;
• Normoven;
• Melaton;
• Cerucal.

Forecast

Formation of small cysts is not considered dangerous state and does not cause serious consequences for the body. If the cyst is voluminous, it can compress adjacent tissues and nerve endings, leading to impaired outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

Large cysts are also dangerous by disrupting the movement of cerebrospinal fluid, which leads to a decrease in intelligence, bad memory, vision and hearing loss.

The diameter of the cyst up to one centimeter indicates the safety of the neoplasm, if it does not increase in size. The length can be no more than two centimeters. Exceeding these parameters can be dangerous, because such a formation appears as a result of gonococcal lesions of the spinal cord.

The pineal gland of the brain - what is it, what is it for and where is it located? We will try to give an answer, starting with the fact that another name for this gland is the pineal gland, and also the pineal gland (pinea in Latin is pine, and, interestingly, the name of the prototype Pinocchio comes from the same root) by the similarity of the shape with a pine cone.

The pineal gland has not been studied enough, its functions are not entirely clear, since the location of the gland and its small size prevent its thorough study, and in the history of medicine, many mystical functions were attributed to this gland, discovered by Galen, it was considered the focus of the human soul.

Esotericists consider the pineal gland to be the “third” eye, the center of human consciousness, contributing to the manifestation psychic abilities, and try to stimulate the gland with music, light and all sorts of esoteric techniques.

So what features of the pineal gland could give rise to such views, and do they have a place in modern views of this mysterious organ?

The structure of the pineal gland and its location

The pineal gland is part of the diencephalon, which, in turn, is located between the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres. The dimensions are normally small, about 1 cm wide and 1.5 cm long, with a mass of only 0.15-0.2 g (in women, the pineal gland is usually larger than in men).

The cone-shaped form of the gland is due to the developed capillary network of this organ. In addition to blood vessels, nerve fibers of the sympathetic system pass through the epiphysis.

The pineal gland appears in a human embryo already in the second month of development, with age its size increases, it penetrates into the region of the midbrain and is fixed there between the upper visual tubercles of the quadrigemina of the midbrain.

The location of the pineal gland in the center of the brain gives it special significance, some scientists even consider it the upper appendage of the brain, just as another important endocrine gland, the pituitary gland, is considered the lower cerebral appendage. The pinkish-gray color of the epiphysis is due to its good blood supply.

Outside, the pineal body of the epiphysis is covered with dense connective tissue. The growth of the pineal gland stops when puberty, and with the aging of the body, its reverse development is observed.

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Functions of the pineal gland

Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids are intensively exchanged in the pineal gland and it participates in the metabolism of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium in the body, sets biological rhythms and regulates body temperature. Since it produces hormones important for the functioning of the body as a whole, it is part of the endocrine and nervous systems.

Pineal hormones are the following peptide and biogenic amines formed from amino acids:

• Serotonin, the "hormone of happiness".
• Melatonin, the "shadow hormone".
• Norepinephrine, the "stress hormone".
• Histamine, the "anxiety hormone".

The effect of pineal hormones on the human body

In the body, everything is interconnected, but nevertheless, it is possible to single out the "zones of responsibility" of each of the hormones of the pineal gland. So what are they responsible for, individually and collectively?

Serotonin

Responsible for the psychogenic state of a person, regulates vascular tone, improves mood. To increase production, a sufficient amount of the essential acid tryptophan must be supplied with food.

Melatonin

The production of melatonin is one of the main functions of the pineal gland. is produced from serotonin with a lack of light, at night, the peak of its production occurs at midnight. One of the hormones responsible for the rhythm and cyclicity of life processes synchronizes the daily (circadian) rhythms of day and night, and for this reason the pineal gland is also called the biological clock.

Melatonin inhibits the excessive secretion of somatotropic hormone (a growth hormone that is produced in the pituitary gland, the leading endocrine gland in humans, and stimulates cell growth and repair).

With age and a decrease in the amount of melatonin produced (the peak of night production also decreases), oxidative stress develops and hormonal DNA is damaged, which leads to aging of the body.

Melatonin has the following effects in the body:

• It is a warning cardiovascular diseases, cataracts and tumor development.
• Regulates sleep and wakefulness.
• Reduces in the bloodstream.
• Supports .
• It also normalizes vascular tone.
• Reduces in the bloodstream.
• Suppresses depression.
• Regulates daily changes in body weight and sexual activity.
• Regulates the menstrual cycle in women.
• Improves memory in childhood and adolescence and enhances learning ability.

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Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is released in daylight, is a mediator of wakefulness and quick decision making, causes an increase in blood pressure with activation daytime activities enhances carbohydrate metabolism. Produced from essential amino acid phenylalanine and conditionally replaceable tyrosine. In addition to the epiphysis, it is also synthesized in the adrenal glands.

Histamine

Histamine protects the body from unwanted effects, affects the immune system. Main function of this hormone - raising anxiety in the tissues and the body as a whole in the event of a real or imaginary threat to health and life, for example, in case of poisoning or contact with an allergen.

Excessive activity of histamine, which is not uncommon in our time, leads to intolerance and immunity disorders, and in 1% of people, mostly middle-aged, to diarrhea, constipation, migraine, acne, increased heart rate, lower blood pressure, irregular menstrual cycles.

Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pineal gland

For diagnosis, a complex Medical equipment, therefore, you should not even try to diagnose yourself, much less treat manifestations that, as you think, are caused by diseases of the pineal gland. All this can be entrusted only to a doctor.

Diagnostics

Used for diagnosis x-ray equipment, computer and magnetic resonance tomographs. Only after complete hardware examination the doctor makes a conclusion about the presence or absence of pathology in a person. Normally, the pineal gland is projected onto the radiograph exclusively along the midline (remember the image of the “third eye”, or the “ajna” chakra just above the point between the eyebrows in esoteric images).

Pathological foci in the brain (abscesses, tumors, hematomas) push the epiphysis in the opposite direction from the focus.

Manifestations of dysfunction

Deviations in the functionality of the epiphysis can be manifested by the following symptoms:

• Headache.
• Visual disturbances (double vision).
• Sleepiness during the daytime.
• Ataxia (disorders of coordination of movements), paralysis.
• Frequent fainting.
• Mental deviations in behavior.

Pathological conditions

The activity of the pineal gland is disturbed for a number of reasons of an external and internal nature. Causes of an external (exogenous) nature:

• mechanical injury.
• Electrical injury.
• Poisoning (chemicals, tobacco and alcohol).
• Infection with pathogens of rabies, poliomyelitis or encephalitis.
• Infection with bacterial toxins of diphtheria or botulism.
• Infection with echinococcus with the formation of a cyst in the epiphysis.

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Causes of internal (endogenous) change:

• circulatory disorders, internal bleeding, spasm of cerebral vessels.
• thrombus formation.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Anemia.
• Tumors (benign and malignant).
• Inflammatory processes (usually a consequence of meningitis, sepsis or brain abscess).
• Cerebral edema.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Age changes.

There are cases of both a decrease in the activity of the epiphysis (quite rare), and an increase. The cause of hypofunction may be a tumor in the connective tissues, followed by compression of the secretory cells of the gland.

Especially dangerous is hypofunction in children, leading to premature physical and sexual development due to the lack of a restraining effect on the production of growth hormone. TO premature development dementia may also join.

Hyperfunction may be caused by:

• Tumor of the cells of the pineal gland (pinealoma).
• Hemorrhage in the body of the gland.
• Echinococcal cyst development.

Hyperfunction of the pineal gland in childhood leads to growth retardation and sexual development.

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Therapy

Treatment of diseases is mainly symptomatic. The patient is prescribed medication (usually Melaxen, a synthetic analogue of melanin), and only when negative result resort to surgical removal of a tumor or cyst (with the growth of neoplasms and hyperfunction of the gland). Chemotherapy has also been shown radiation therapy, and modern method radiosurgery, valid even during pregnancy.

Sometimes the production of melatonin is restored if simple rules, these same rules are a good prevention of the prevention of diseases of the pineal gland:

• Strict observance of the daily routine.
• Falling asleep and sleeping strictly in the dark.
• Exclusion of work and entertainment activities at night.
• Exclusion of extreme manifestations of emotions and stress.
• Daily walks.

Melatonin in the form medicinal product is a good therapy for prolongation reproductive age. During menopause, women experience beneficial effect nightly intake of melatonin with reversal of climacteric processes and restoration of reproductive functions.

Usually observed in women of this age, a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones with subsequent disorders of the autonomic nervous system disappear.

The pineal gland, or pineal gland, is one of the most important organs of the endocrine system. The hormone melatonin produced by it regulates the daily and seasonal rhythms of a person, the menstrual cycle of women. Disorders in the functioning of the pineal gland lead to serious physical and mental disorders in health, and require medical intervention, medicinal or surgical. A good way to prevent diseases of the pineal gland is to follow the rules of a healthy lifestyle.

If the pituitary gland can be called the command post of the entire endocrine system, then the pineal gland is the conductor of this entire system, a kind of biological clock. She

Thanks to the activity of this gland, most mammals sleep at night and are most active during the day. It is to her that we owe dreams and memories. Thanks to this gland, we can see in bright and low light, and that we are able to adapt to the external temperature.

Its other name is the epiphysis, and doctors and psychologists understand what it is. Even esotericists and psychics have found their interest in it.

It is located deep in the brain, between the two hemispheres. In its form, it partly resembles a young fir cone. Hence the name, the pineal gland. Its Latin name is corpus pineale, therefore, the name "pineal gland" or pineal gland is also found.

It is located next to the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. This is an endocrine gland, one of the tasks of which is the regulation of the activity of the pituitary gland.

It belongs to the diencephalon, its volume is slightly more than 2 cm3, and it weighs about a third of a gram in an adult.

The formation of the pineal gland occurs approximately at 4-5 weeks of pregnancy, simultaneously with the pituitary gland. They mutually regulate each other's activities.
The pineal gland is directly connected to the optic nerves.

Structure

This little gland is very complex structure She is surrounded by blood vessels. About 200 ml of blood passes through it per minute.

This small organ, located deep in the brain, is involved in all metabolic processes that occur in the body.

The pineal gland is the pineal gland, that is, part of the endocrine and nervous system, which is located in the human diencephalon. It got its name because of its resemblance to a pine cone. Its formation begins at the beginning of the 2nd month of intrauterine development, and already at the end of the 1st and the beginning of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the gland cells begin to show their hormonal activity.

The gland is located right in the center of the brain, such a location speaks of great importance for the human body. Some sources speak of the pineal gland as an appendage of the brain, but this claim has not been fully proven. It has an oval shape, which is slightly compacted at one end. Galen was the first to describe the pineal gland, he put forward the hypothesis that the pineal gland regulates the activity of the glands of the lymphatic system.

In an adult, the size of the epiphysis reaches a little more than 1 centimeter, in children, respectively, its size is smaller. The gland has a pink-gray color, which can change in accordance with the fullness of the blood vessels. The epiphysis is dense in consistency, its surface is slightly rough. On top of the iron is covered with a protective capsule, which consists of intertwined vessels. For many centuries, scientists assigned the status of the “soul” to the pineal gland, and Rene Descartes called it the “saddle of the soul”, elevating this gland to a special rank in anatomical structure human body.

The role of the gland

Although modern science is developing rapidly, the pineal gland has not been studied deeply enough. It has been established that it has strong and multifunctional connections both with the brain regions and with all others. Moreover, the connection is two-way: for example, the pineal gland directly affects the functioning of the ovaries, and the retina of the eye transmits the received information to the pineal gland, and therefore the intensity of melatonin production decreases. In addition to melatonin, the pineal gland secretes other hormones - serotonin, pinealin and andrenoglomerulotropin.

It is mainly affected by sleep and wakefulness, in the dark its production is more intense, and in bright light it is almost completely blocked. In addition, melatonin actively affects the activity of the testicles and ovaries; in childhood, the hormone inhibits their function. When a child becomes a teenager, the activity of the pineal gland decreases, as well as the release of the hormone during the day, the maximum melatonin release occurs at midnight.

The precursor of malatonin is serotonin. This hormone is responsible for the mood of a person and his pain threshold. Serotonin is also called the “hormone of happiness”, since its increase creates in a person good mood and euphoria. regulated by the following - adrenoglomerulotropin, in particular, the water-salt balance in the body is regulated.

Pinealin is the least studied hormone that is produced by the pineal gland, sometimes even called the pineal gland. Perhaps the only thing that can be said about this hormone is that it lowers blood glucose levels.

Pathological phenomena

by the most frequent illnesses epiphysis are considered:

• inflammatory processes;
• violation of circadian rhythms (sleep-wake mode);
• tumor;
• transformation according to the cystic type;
• atrophy and dystrophy;
• violation of blood supply;
• congenital pathologies.

The most common disorder is a disruption in circadian rhythms. The cause of this disorder may be medication and the abuse of smartphones, tablets and laptops. The fact is that the listed gadgets emit a blue color, which provokes an increased production of the hormone enough for a long time. Therefore, there is insomnia, shallow sleep, problems with falling asleep and daytime sleepiness.

If cysts form in the epiphysis, then we are talking about cystic change. The occurrence of cysts is due to the fact that the pineal duct closes, and, accordingly, the outflow of melanin worsens or stops altogether, it remains in the glandular tissues and gradually forms cysts. This phenomenon can provoke hemorrhage in the epiphysis.

As for the inflammation of the pineal gland, it is usually secondary, the cause is brain abscess, meningitis, tuberculosis and sepsis. In this case, the symptoms are insignificant, mainly the symptoms of the underlying disease predominate. With brain injuries, hypertension, thromboembolism, circulatory disorders may develop, and the symptoms are usually cerebral.

A decrease in the size of the pineal gland occurs with diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of the liver, infectious diseases in a severe stage, leukemia and poisoning with poisons. In this case, the epiphysis is dystrophic, and in rare cases completely atrophy.

The pineal gland controls the exchange of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium. It is believed that the hormones located and produced by the pineal gland have a great influence on the gonadotropic hormone. Due to violations, problems may arise in normal functioning sexual sphere. For example, early macrogenitosomia is a premature physical and sexual development. Such a phenomenon in boys can occur up to 11 years, and in girls - up to 9. At the same time, mental retardation is observed. Most often, this pathology is caused by tumor processes in the pineal gland, as well as infectious granulomas.

The disease itself has a slow course, symptoms can be drowsiness and lethargy of the child, short stature, well-developed muscle layer with short limbs. In girls, menstruation begins prematurely, and in boys, the testicles and penis enlarge. The nervous system also suffers: the child is diagnosed with intracranial pressure, which causes severe headaches and vomiting.

Treatment of disorders

To normalize the failure of circadian cycles, you need to accustom yourself to go to bed and get up at the same time, stop watching action movies, play games before going to bed. computer games and actively train, if necessary, it is worth taking sedatives, and in severe cases, a doctor may prescribe artificial melatonin.

With a cystic change, as a rule, no treatment is required, you just need to monitor the dynamics, regularly do an MRI of the brain and consult a neurosurgeon. Surgical manipulations are indicated only if the cysts begin to grow actively, while the patient is worried about severe headaches, blurred vision, fainting, vomiting, and so on.

With secondary lesions of the epiphysis - atrophy, inflammatory processes, problems with blood supply, it is necessary to establish the reason why these violations occurred. Any direct impact on the pineal gland is not required.

In pathologies that lead to a decrease in the production of melatonin, an artificial hormone is treated. The prognosis depends on the stage of the disease and on how severely the function of the gland is impaired. All examinations and treatment of the pineal gland should be carried out by a neurosurgeon.

Preventive measures

Many diseases of the pineal gland are preventable. Problems with the work of the pineal gland are most often observed in adults. To avoid the occurrence of pathologies, it is necessary to conduct healthy lifestyle life, sleep enough. Eat foods that contain the amino acid tryptophan.

To prevent congenital anomalies of the gland future mother must give up bad habits(alcohol, smoking) and avoid exposure to harmful substances. With regards to oncological formations in the brain, the causes of their occurrence are still under study, but there is an assumption that X-rays of the head and neck can lead to such diseases. In order to reduce hemorrhage in the pineal gland, it is necessary to treat hypertension and atherosclerosis in time.

Third Eye

Yoga adherents believe that the pineal gland, located between the two hemispheres of the brain, is nothing but the third eye, which, according to esotericists, is the center of human consciousness. endocrine gland, which begins to manifest itself at the very beginning of intrauterine development, in their opinion, can help develop abilities such as clairvoyance and telepathy. Spiritual enlightenment largely depends on how well the pineal gland works. There is a belief that the Buddha achieved his enlightenment because he sat under a certain Bo tree, which contained a lot of serotonin.

Plato spoke about the existence of another reality, which a person can get into only after his consciousness is completely turned off, and this shutdown largely depends on the work of the pineal gland. Leonardo da Vinci also spoke about this amazing and full of mysteries organ. He believed that the pineal gland is the soul of a person, and he would be sure that it is this gland that is responsible for a person’s ability to communicate with God.

The pineal gland got its name of the third eye due to the fact that its work is activated under the influence of impulses that come from the eyes. In addition, the pineal gland can perform rotational movements that are similar to the rotation of the eyeball, and also in the structure of the gland there is a semblance of a lens and some receptors, which for some reason remained underdeveloped. Yogis talk about the pineal gland as the sixth chakra, which can be developed and achieved unprecedented abilities.