is a disease characterized by irreversible changes (expansion, deformation) of the bronchi, accompanied by functional inferiority and the development of chronic purulent inflammatory process in the bronchial tree. The main manifestation of bronchiectasis is persistent cough accompanied by the release of purulent sputum. Hemoptysis and even the development of pulmonary hemorrhage are possible. Over time, bronchiectasis can lead to respiratory failure and anemia, and in children, to a delay in physical development. The diagnostic algorithm includes a physical examination of the patient, auscultation of the lungs, and radiography of organs chest cavity, bronchoscopy, sputum analysis, bronchography, respiratory function test. Treatment of bronchiectasis is aimed at stopping the purulent-inflammatory process inside the bronchi and sanitizing the bronchial tree.

Chronic purulent inflammation bronchial tree causes intoxication and exhaustion of the body. Patients with bronchiectasis develop anemia, weight loss, general weakness, pallor skin, there is a lag in the physical and sexual development of children. Respiratory failure in bronchiectasis is manifested by cyanosis, shortness of breath, thickening of the terminal phalanges of the fingers in the form of “ drumsticks"and nails in the shape of "hour glasses", deformation of the chest.

The frequency and duration of exacerbations of bronchiectasis depend on clinical form diseases. Exacerbations occur in the form of bronchopulmonary infection with an increase in body temperature and an increase in the amount of sputum produced. Even outside the exacerbation of bronchiectasis, productive moist cough with sputum.

Complications

The complicated course of bronchiectasis is characterized by signs of a severe form, which are accompanied by secondary complications: cardiopulmonary failure, cor pulmonale, amyloidosis of the kidneys, liver, nephritis, etc. Also, the long course of bronchiectasis can be complicated iron deficiency anemia, lung abscess, pleural empyema, pulmonary hemorrhage.

Diagnostics

A physical examination of the lungs in bronchiectasis reveals a lag in lung mobility in breathing and dullness. percussion sound on the affected side. The auscultatory picture in bronchiectasis is characterized by weakened breathing, a mass of different-sized (small, medium and large bubble) moist rales, usually in the lower parts of the lungs, decreasing after coughing up sputum. In the presence of a bronchospastic component, whistling dry rales are added.

On frontal and lateral projections of radiographs of the lungs in patients with bronchiectasis, deformation and cellularity of the pulmonary pattern, areas of atelectasis, and a decrease in the volume of the affected segment or lobe are detected. Endoscopic examination bronchi - bronchoscopy - allows you to identify abundant, viscous purulent secretion, take material for cytology and bacterial analysis, establish the source of bleeding, and also carry out sanitation of the bronchial tree in preparation for the next diagnostic stage - bronchography.

Treatment of bronchiectasis

During periods of exacerbation of bronchiectasis, the main therapeutic measures aimed at sanitizing the bronchi and suppressing the purulent-inflammatory process in the bronchial tree. For this purpose, antibiotic therapy and bronchoscopic drainage are performed. The use of antibiotics is possible both parenterally (intravenously, intramuscularly) and endobronchially during sanitation bronchoscopy. For the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes of the bronchi, cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefotaxime, etc.), semisynthetic penicillins (ampicillin, oxacillin), and gentamicin are used.

In case of bronchiectasis, drainage of the bronchial tree is also carried out by placing the patient in a position in bed with the leg end raised, which facilitates the discharge of sputum. To improve the evacuation of sputum, expectorants are prescribed, alkaline drink, chest massage, breathing exercises, inhalation, drug electrophoresis on the chest.

Often, with bronchiectasis, they resort to bronchoalveolar lavage (bronchial lavage) and suction of purulent secretions using a bronchoscope. Therapeutic bronchoscopy allows not only to rinse the bronchi and remove purulent secretions, but also to introduce antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators into the bronchial tree, and apply ultrasound sanitation.

The diet of patients with bronchiectasis should be complete, enriched with protein and vitamins. The diet additionally includes meat, fish, cottage cheese, vegetables, juices, and fruits. Outside of exacerbations of bronchiectasis, breathing exercises, taking expectorant herbs, and sanatorium-resort rehabilitation are indicated.

In the absence of contraindications ( pulmonary heart, bilateral bronchiectasis, etc.) is indicated surgery bronchiectasis - removal of an altered lobe of the lung (lobectomy). Sometimes surgical treatment of bronchiectasis is carried out according to vital signs(in case of severe, continuous bleeding).

Prognosis and prevention

Surgical removal of bronchiectasis in some cases leads to full recovery. Regular courses of anti-inflammatory therapy allow you to achieve long-term remission. Exacerbations of bronchiectasis can occur in damp, cold seasons, during hypothermia, and after colds. In the absence of treatment for bronchiectasis and its complicated course, the prognosis is unfavorable. Severe long-term course of bronchiectasis leads to disability.

Prevention of the development of bronchiectasis involves dispensary observation pulmonologist for patients with chronic bronchitis and pneumosclerosis, their timely and adequate treatment, exclusion harmful factors(smoking, industrial and dust hazards), hardening. In order to prevent exacerbations of bronchiectasis, timely sanitation is necessary paranasal sinuses nose for sinusitis and oral cavity for diseases of the dentofacial system.

A tale about treatment bronchiectasis lung diseases. I’ll tell you about symptoms, emphysema, atrophic pharyngitis, prognosis and treatment methods, and a bunch of interesting things. Go!

Hello friends! Today I’ll tell you about the organ that gives all our cells the most necessary thing - oxygen. More precisely, about one of his illnesses, which brings no less suffering than asthma. And most importantly, I will outline what the treatment consists of bronchiectasis lung diseases. This disease can occur in children, and it is very difficult to get rid of it!

A story about a tree that grows upside down

We have such a phenomenon in our bodies. The trunk of our tree is the trachea. Two massive branches depart from it - the main bronchi, which are then divided into many small branches. At their ends alveoli grow - small bubbles through which oxygen enters the blood.

Bronchiectasis the disease is a deformation of the bronchi.

They stretch, their walls become thinner, and cannot work normally. They develop a chronic inflammatory process, which results in the accumulation of pus. Since the organ is sick, various pulmonary infections are added to the main ailment.

You should be alarmed if you have the following symptoms:

1. persistent cough;
2. separation of a fair amount of purulent sputum, especially in the morning;
3. hemoptysis, and in the worst case, pulmonary hemorrhage.

Treatment of bronchiectasis of the lungs or what will happen to me?

The disease may result in anemia, respiratory failure, pulmonary emphysema.

Children develop poorly physically and lag behind their peers. The purulent inflammatory process leads to exhaustion of the body and constant poisoning with decay products.

The lungs cannot work normally and shortness of breath occurs, and with a one-sided course of the process rib cage takes on an irregular shape.

There are three signs of chronic oxygen deficiency:

You can see for yourself that the problem is serious, and you can’t let it go.

Well, why is this happening?

The history and treatment of bronchiectasis of the lungs spans years. The disease can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, the walls of the bronchi are deformed from birth. In the second, bronchiectasis develops from a young age, due to the fact that you often suffer from:

• tuberculosis;
• whooping cough;
• bronchitis;
• bronchopneumonia;
• atrophic pharyngitis;
• various chronic diseases of the nasopharynx.

A weak, unseasoned child is susceptible to this! You can get sick for other reasons, mechanical and chemical nature, due to which the bronchi change and their mucous membrane is disrupted.

This happens due to:

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• ingress of foreign objects;
• the occurrence of vascular aneurysms, tumors;
• accidental reflux of stomach contents during;
• inhalation of poisonous gases and toxic substances;
• HIV infections.

The doctor diagnoses the disease as follows: listens for moist rales in the lungs, when tapping - dullness of sound on the affected side, an x-ray shows a change in the pulmonary pattern.

The endoscope will detect viscous sputum, and bronchography will show the specific location of the lesion.

The diagnosis has been made. What's next?

This is not a verdict yet. The main thing is to act. If left untreated, the prognosis is poor; the process may progress to extensive pulmonary hemorrhage, additional severe infections, disability and even death. Definitely, you will seriously complicate and shorten your life.

Classic methods are aimed at two goals:

1. stop purulent-inflammatory process;
2. clearing the lungs of foreign contents.

The treatment regimen is as follows:

1. You are prescribed antibiotics. All of them are very strong and should not be used unless prescribed by a specialist.
2. Remove pus. This is done using bronchoscopic drainage. The procedure seems scary, but there is nothing to be afraid of. An experienced doctor conducts it very carefully. The tube, which is inserted through the nose or mouth, is much thinner in diameter than the passage, so it will not block breathing. Before the bronchoscope is inserted, you will certainly be given auxiliary drugs, which will facilitate the procedure.
3. In order for sputum to clear well, expectorants are needed, both tablets and herbal teas, and inhalation. Good result gives special breathing exercises and electrophoresis.
4. If possible surgical removal the affected part, surgery is performed. It is not given to children under seven years of age, and rarely after forty-five, when they develop severe complications. But in most cases this is the only way get rid of the disease completely.

What about prevention?

Here's what you need to do:

• do not inhale dust, either at home or at work;
• treat upper infections in a timely manner respiratory tract;

Stop! Hardening does not mean hypothermia.

Pouring ice water not for you, it is better to choose gentle methods, move more and walk. It is necessary to observe a sleep and rest schedule, and be sure to do gymnastics, both breathing and general strengthening, in the fresh air.

I’ll say a few words about nutrition

To restore you will need a lot of iron and others. There is no need to eat whole mountains of meat, fish and cottage cheese. You need to eat food correctly and in required quantities, in small portions and at least five times a day, for better absorption.

Food should be light and tasty because psychological factor no less important than any other.

Folk remedies are simple and can provide significant help. Moreover, our ancestors achieved serious success in diluting sputum and having an expectorant effect.

So, expectorants:

• everyone's favorite plantain with honey (not recommended for increased acidity gastric juice);
• radish with honey (same warning);
• oregano, coltsfoot, chamomile (a milder remedy);
• St. John's wort, calendula, clover;
• wild rosemary herb (read the contraindications carefully - it is poisonous);
• cranberries in combination with an infusion of linden flowers, raspberry leaves, bay leaf and flax seed;
• melted badger fat with milk (can be replaced with lard);
• inhalations with various essential oils(mint, anise).

Afterword

Traditional medicine is a treasure. But we must remember that it does not replace traditional methods treatment, especially with such dangerous diseases, one of which I talked about today.
Treatment for bronchiectasis of the lungs exists, but it is impossible to completely recover from this disease, but everything can be done so that it does not interfere with a normal life.

To make it easier to decide on a regimen, understand its necessity and change your lifestyle for a better one, read the articles on my blog. In them, everyone can find something that will certainly suit and help them. For me this is the most important thing.

Don't smoke please

That's all for today.

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Dilation of the bronchi. Bronchiectasis is a disease caused by inflammation in the bronchi and tissue. The pathological process is predominantly in the bronchial wall and surrounding tissue.

What can cause the disease? The disease is caused by various pathologies. It could be pneumonia, tuberculosis. And also chronic bronchitis. – the most common reason.Its complication is bronchiectasis.

The course of the disease is accompanied by progression. The disease begins intermittent cough. The disease can last for years. Subsequently, progression occurs. The disease acquires severe symptoms.In this case, intoxication of the body occurs.

Symptoms

The clinical manifestations of the disease are as follows:

• slight cough;
• wheezing;
• fever;
• sputum;
• hemoptysis

These symptoms appear on initial stage. A slight cough is accompanied by an intermittent character. Usually in the back lower section lung Wheezing has a certain characteristic. They are finely bubbly and crackly. And also wet. An increase in body temperature is usually associated with a cold. Fever develops against the background of pneumonia.

A feature of the disease is severe in the morning. Mostly with highlighting large quantity sputum. Then the situation worsens. Sputum may become foul odor. Hemoptysis is observed and there may be bleeding. Due to rupture of blood vessels.

The progression of the disease can be accompanied by a series of symptoms:

• weight loss;
• weakness;
• finger pathology;
• nail pathology;
• dyspnea

All these symptoms are manifested by various complications. Up to amyloidosis internal organs.

Diagnostics

First of all, in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, anamnesis is taken. Anamnesis – collection of necessary information. This may be the general picture of the disease, symptoms and course of the disease. Then carry out laboratory diagnostics. Namely - general analysis blood. Leukocytosis is observed in the blood. Inflammatory process caused by penetration pathogenic bacteria into the blood.

Microbiological examination of sputum. It is carried out to determine the possible causative agent of the disease. In this case, pneumococcus may be the cause.

Radiography is also used as a diagnostic method. Although it would be advisable to conduct a more effective study. Bronchography may be performed. But, this method is used if there is certain indications. In case of hemoptysis, the study is not prescribed. Since the contrast agent will not be able to fully penetrate the bronchial lumen.

Computed tomography is also used in diagnosis. Usually is additional research in the diagnosis of the disease.

Prevention

Preventive measures will be aimed primarily at eliminating the underlying disease. That is, it is important to cure the disease that caused the disease.

If you have pneumonia or flu, treat these diseases. Which is an important fact in the prevention of bronchiectasis. Vitamin therapy is necessary. General strengthening measures. They should help improve protective properties body. Namely, immune defense.

Physical therapy is also important preventive measure. However, physical overexertion can adversely affect the course of the disease.

General hardening of the body is necessary to strengthen immune system person. But hardening should be gradual. Water treatments have a beneficial effect on human health.

Treatment

The treatment process will depend on the stage of the disease. On initial stage illness, it is important to harden the body. And also the prevention of colds.

In case of exacerbation of the disease, treatment with antibiotics. Namely - tetracycline, terramycin, biomycin. Sulfonamides can be used in treatment. In the treatment process, it is important to achieve better discharge of purulent sputum. This can be achieved by adopting a certain body position. Expectorants and disinfectants are used. A bronchoscopy is performed, during which the pus is sucked out. Penicillin is then administered. Mainly in the form of a solution.

In case of complicated disease, surgical intervention is indicated. The affected area of ​​the lung is removed. Moving to areas with a dry and warm climate has a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. And also on the general prognosis of the disease.

In adults

Bronchiectasis in adults can lead to various complications. Up to the development of respiratory failure.

The disease predominantly develops during puberty. That is, young people are most susceptible to the disease. The disease can affect one lung segment. Or spread very widely.

The insidiousness of the disease is that even the presence of relapses may not have a significant impact on the patient’s ability to work. An adult can continue labor activity and at the same time not feel seriously ill.

If there are more serious complications the picture of the disease worsens. In practice, there are cases of irreversible changes in other organs. For example, with amyloidosis of the kidneys and liver.

In children

The cause of the disease in children is a congenital factor. That is various pathologies bronchopulmonary system.

What are the symptoms of the disease in children? The most common symptoms include:

• hyperthermia;
• pallor;
• cyanosis;
• dyspnea;
• wheezing;
• cough;
• sputum

These symptoms are the most common. But there are differences. In older children, cough is accompanied by sputum production. This allows for the most accurate diagnosis of the disease. Pathological changes in fingers and nail phalanges Also characteristic symptom diseases. In children younger age complications are possible. Up to meningitis.

Forecast

Bronchiectasis can be predicted both favorably and unfavorably. The prognosis will depend on the treatment. A favorable prognosis is observed with surgical treatment. Namely, removal of damaged areas. Which allows you to achieve good results.

An unfavorable prognosis is observed with inadequate and ineffective treatment. Since they may arise various complications.

Exodus

The disease can end in recovery or death. Or disability. It all depends on the course of the disease. Timely treatment also contributes to the development favorable outcomes. Complex therapy allows you to eliminate recurrent illnesses. A person can be completely cured. Strengthening the body is also important. Disability occurs due to untimely treatment. Or due to the presence of severe complications.

Lethal outcomes are possible during development. Also when cardiopulmonary failure.

Lifespan

Bronchiectasis is enough serious disease. But life expectancy may increase if the prognosis is favorable. The sooner treatment of the underlying disease begins, the faster recovery will follow. Remember this!

For this disease it is indicated surgery. It is this fact that contributes to an increase in life expectancy. Take care of yourself and your loved ones!

Bronchiectasis – pathological process expansion of the bronchi in a separate area, accompanied by a change in the structure of the organ and its main function. Most often, the disease is acquired in nature, developing against the background of existing pathological changes. It is important to remember that bronchiectasis is a chronic condition that tends to progress. Therefore, patients with this diagnosis should be under constant medical supervision. What is this disease and how to reduce the risks of complications? Let's consider all these questions in detail.

Forms of the disease

Before talking about methods of treating bronchiectasis, it is necessary to establish its type. Usually, when making a diagnosis, the cause of the pathology, the duration and severity of the disease are taken into account.

Traditionally, bronchiectasis is an acquired pathology that occurs as a complication of chronic inflammatory processes in the bronchi and lungs. But in medical practice There are also congenital forms of the disease caused by the genetic structure of the bronchial wall.

Depending on the cause that provoked the development of bronchiectasis, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

1. Atelectatic. It is characterized by uniform damage to the bronchi with simultaneous atelectasis (collapse) and an increase in the volume of the lower lobes of the lungs. The inflammatory process is also localized in the lower lobe of the bronchial segment. Lung tissue in this form of the disease becomes porous, resembling a honeycomb in its structure.
2. Destructive. This form also commonly called saccular bronchiectasis, which develops as a result of the formation of a purulent focus of inflammation in the bronchi. As the disease progresses, there is suppuration of large areas of the bronchi and adjacent tissues, followed by their melting.
3. Postbronchitis. A form of the disease that develops as a result of dystrophy of the bronchial walls with long term chronic bronchitis. It can also occur against the background of purulent acute bronchitis.
4. Poststenotic. The narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi leads to the accumulation of a large amount of mucous contents, which provokes atony (decreased tone) of the walls. This leads to the development of this form of bronchiectasis.
5. Retention. This type the disease is caused by a decrease in the tone of the bronchial wall and its stretching due to progression chronic form deforming bronchitis. Somewhat less often pathological changes in the walls are caused by the accumulation of large amounts of thick mucus in cystic fibrosis.

Depending on the severity there are following forms diseases:

• easy – wellness the patient is in remission, with no more than two exacerbations during the year;
• moderate severity – minor violation respiratory functions and decreased performance, up to five exacerbations during the year;
• severe - rare and short periods of remission, serious breathing problems, high risks addition of complications.

Main causes of the disease

The causes of bronchiectasis are very diverse. First of all, it is an infection. Bacterial microflora can provoke the development of the disease, various viruses, mycobacteria (tuberculous and non-tuberculous), fungal infections.

A special role in the development of bronchiectasis is played by existing congenital and chronic diseases internal organs, immunodeficiency states:

• congenital diseases of the immune system, characterized by decreased antibody production and dysfunction of immune cells;
• secondary immunodeficiency acquired as a result of organ transplantation, after chemotherapy or HIV infection;
• congenital pathologies respiratory system;
• changes in the structure of the bronchi due to proliferation connective tissue, hits foreign body, enlarged lymph nodes or growth of tumors;
• gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration of stomach contents into the respiratory tract;
• inhalation toxic substances, including medicines, gases, chemicals;
• as a complication of inflammatory processes in the intestines, connective tissue diseases ( rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus) and various respiratory pathologies;
• allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ( infection allergic etiology caused by fungal microflora).

Often the identified cause of the pathology needs to be prescribed specific treatment. That's why thorough examination– the key to successful recovery.

According to statistics, in 30-55% of cases the cause of bronchiectasis is unknown.

Symptoms of the disease

During periods between exacerbations, bronchiectasis practically does not manifest itself. This makes it impossible to identify pathology by any signs during periods of remission. The only thing that may bother the patient is a periodic cough with scanty mucopurulent secretion. Quite often there is a completely asymptomatic course.

Against this background clinical picture relapse is felt extremely acutely. The main symptoms of bronchiectasis during exacerbations:

1. Weakness in the body, headaches, loss of appetite, fever within 37.5 0 and other signs of general intoxication of the body.
2. Dyspnea. This symptom caused by deformation of important organs of the respiratory system and, as a consequence, loss of the ability to fully perform their function.
3. Wet cough with mucopurulent sputum. Bouts of productive cough are recorded mainly in the morning after sleep or in a position lying on the side opposite to the affected area of ​​the organ. Depending on the amount of pus present in the secretion, the color of the sputum can vary from colorless and light yellow to dark yellow or dark green. Usually, during periods of exacerbation, sputum in bronchiectasis is released in large quantities, and the daily volume can be up to 200 ml.
4. Hemoptysis. The slight presence of blood streaks in the sputum clots indicates rupture small capillaries at hysterical cough. If the amount of blood increases sharply, this indicates pulmonary hemorrhage. The condition requires immediate hospitalization.
5. Intense pain behind the chest.

The long course of the disease eventually leads to the development of cardiopulmonary failure, manifested by blueness of the tip of the nose, lips and fingers.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of the disease in adults and children in addition to a general examination of the patient in mandatory includes a general blood test and biochemical research. In the process of collecting anamnesis, the fact is established earlier past infections, after which periodic complaints of purulent sputum appear. Frequent diagnoses of pneumonia, localized in the same area, are also a reason to suspect bronchiectasis.

Normal X-ray examination if bronchiectasis is suspected, it is not informative enough. And to determine the cause of damage to the bronchial tree, it is recommended to use the method of multi-axis computed tomography.

The main diagnostic method for assessing the degree of disease and the viscosity of purulent secretion is bronchoscopic examination. Bronchoscopy for bronchiectasis allows not only to take secretions for further research, but also helps to sanitize the bronchi. This method used not only to diagnose the disease, but also to monitor the success of the treatment.

Next mandatory item– collection of material for bacteriological research. Sputum culture makes it possible to establish the presence of pathogenic microflora in the bronchi. The constant localization of bacterial microorganisms in the lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system leads to chronic course inflammatory process, constant production of purulent secretion and, as a consequence, deformation of the organ. Sputum analysis is carried out both at the diagnostic stage and during the treatment process.

Additionally, a function assessment can be carried out external respiration, which allows you to determine the degree of narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi to prevent the occurrence of possible shortness of breath or bronchospasm.

Features of treatment

Treatment of bronchiectasis is difficult process, aimed at reducing the frequency of relapses of the disease and alleviating the patient's condition.

Drug therapy

Traditionally, to suppress the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and stop the inflammatory process, they are used antibacterial drugs. In severe cases, antibiotics are administered to the patient intravenously.

Antiseptics help in sanitizing the source of inflammation, and mucolytics dilute the purulent secretion, facilitating the process of its removal. Most effective method treatment - bronchoscopy, during which the remaining mucous contents are first removed, and only then the drug is administered. For mucolytic agents, it is preferable to use inhalation methods of administration using a nebulizer.

During periods of remission, it is advisable to carry out immunomodulatory therapy. During an exacerbation of the disease, characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of purulent sputum, the use of immunostimulating drugs is not effective.

Hygiene measures

Timely removal of purulent secretion from the bronchi significantly alleviates the patient's condition. Therefore, respiratory hygiene is important stage successful treatment.

Hygiene measures can be carried out actively or passively. Active hygiene – sanitation of the source of inflammation using bronchoscopy followed by the introduction of medications into the bronchial cavity. Passive hygiene is a set of procedures aimed at facilitating the discharge of sputum. Among them:

• vibration massage in the chest area;
• special breathing exercises;
• positional drainage (use of correct body position).

Purulent sputum is expelled most effectively when the patient lies on the side opposite the bronchiectasis. If the process is localized in the lower lung department, the patient's torso should be tilted down. When localized in upper sections It is recommended to take a semi-elevated position.

Surgery

Surgical intervention in the treatment of bronchiectasis is carried out:

• for health reasons (pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, gangrenous inflammation of the lung);
• with a specified secondary nature of the disease;
• with low effectiveness of drug therapy.

The selection of patients is very strict. This is especially true for patients in early age, in which the formation of bronchiectasis is caused by a genetic imperfection of the bronchial wall. Most likely, after surgical intervention bronchiectasis in children will progress again. And due to the smaller volume of the respiratory surface, it will leak more severely than before the operation.

Patient care

Patients with bronchiectasis require careful care. And most often, people with medical education are involved to provide it. Nursing process for bronchiectasis is:

• hygiene procedures;
• compliance clinical recommendations attending physician;
• collecting information about the patient’s condition, recording all vital signs(including body temperature, volume of collected sputum, etc.);
• changing the deodorizing solution in the spittoon for sputum;
• regular ventilation in the room or in the patient’s room;
• assistance in carrying out positional drainage.

If the patient begins to cough up blood, to prevent the development of pulmonary hemorrhage nurse is obliged to immediately inform the attending physician about the deterioration of the condition. Before the doctor arrives, you must:

1. Helping the patient get into the correct position is sublime.
2. Prohibit any physical activity.
3. Prepare hemostatic drugs.

Additionally, wiping the skin with a damp material may be necessary.

Possible risks and complications

Bronchiectasis of the lungs is a progressive disease that, in the absence of full medical intervention, can have serious consequences. The main complications of bronchiectasis:

• pulmonary hemorrhage;
• lung abscess is a destructive process characterized by the formation of a limited cavity filled with purulent contents;
• gangrenous lung damage– extensive damage to the lung without clear localization of the purulent-inflammatory process;
• bronchial obstruction syndrome - difficulty breathing caused by impaired air flow;
• pneumothorax - spontaneous rupture of the affected lung areas and air entering the pleural cavity;
• sepsis – toxic damage organs due to the penetration of waste products of bacterial microflora into the blood;
• amyloidosis is a dysfunction of one of the organs caused by the deposition of protein compounds.

For children, this disease is dangerous due to developmental delays, both mental and physical.

Forecasts

Bronchiectasis has a chronic progressive course. The disease is incurable. However, the rate of progression of the pathology, the extent of damage to the pulmonary system, the frequency of relapses and the severity of the disease will largely depend on the patient himself. It will help to significantly improve the patient’s condition and slow down the process of lung damage. early diagnosis, full treatment and regular examinations.

Patients with bronchiectasis should undergo preventive examinations at least twice a year. It is advisable to carry out full diagnostics even with stable remission. Mandatory are CT scan lungs and radiography. The latter eliminates the possibility of developing complications that threaten the patient’s life.

Preventive actions

Prevention of exacerbations in bronchiectasis is an important component of treatment. For this purpose it is recommended:

• promptly treat all diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, even if we're talking about about a banal respiratory infection;
• take immunostimulating drugs during periods of remission;
• observe careful hygiene hands, use protective equipment and limit the time spent in places large cluster people during epidemics;
• carry out vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection in a timely manner(usually from early October to mid-November).

Despite the fact that bronchiectasis is a pathology that causes irreversible changes in one of the most important human organs, you can live with it and even enjoy this life. The main thing is to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. Therefore, do not neglect the need to apply for qualified help. Sometimes an hour of your time can save you full health.