An allergic reaction to certain irritants is not uncommon in modern world, because every year more and more more people identify both regular and cross allergies. Let's take a closer look at cross allergens, their nature of origin and preventive measures to avoid a negative reaction.

This reaction of the body is the induction of an immune response to irritants that are similar in structure to provocateurs. Simply put, the body “confuses” one irritating product with another allergen, similar in protein composition. This phenomenon can be observed in equally, both in adults and children at different ages.

How does pathology develop and manifest?

Today, there is a strict sequence of development of allergies, both cross and regular:

1. Detection of an allergen in the body. In the first stage, sensitization occurs, that is, accumulation allergic bodies at the patient.
2. The pathochemical stage at which the production of biologically active substances occurs from the moment the antibody and antigen interact.
3. The pathophysiological stage is characterized by the development of the body’s reactions, that is, the entire spectrum of symptoms appears.

The signs of allergies, both regular and cross allergies, are completely the same. Main symptoms:

• signs of rhinitis;
• pain in the stomach, vomiting;
• violation normal operation organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• swelling in the eyes and mucous membranes of the mouth;
• skin rashes.

In severe forms, asthma and Quincke's edema manifest. The intensity of symptoms directly depends on how much time the body was in proximity to irritating factors.

Table of food allergens

Cross-reactions can occur most often with foods that are consumed every day. Knowing which “tasty irritants” need to be removed from the diet, it becomes possible to almost completely eliminate the risk of the disease.

Cross allergy– table of food products:

Groups of pathogenic proteins that cause cross-allergic reactions

In the formation of pathology, an important role is played by pathogenic compounds, in this case proteins, which can accumulate in food, plants and other substances. Today, the following commonly encountered pathogenic proteins are identified:

• enzymes produced by trees and shrubs to protect against fungi;
• microelements that destroy the walls of mushrooms and chitinous threads;
• pathogenic proteins found in turnips and blackberries;
• substances with antifungal activity;
• birch pollen, as well as proteins that are similar in structure to allergens found in apples, apricots, carrots, etc.;
• substances characterized by high antibacterial activity, most often found in apples, peaches, and apricots.

Features of allergies to dust, dust mites, latex and mold

Latex is a natural rubber from which contraceptives, medical consumables and tools, etc. However, despite its widespread distribution throughout to the globe, the material may cause severe allergies. If an unpredictable reaction to latex was previously observed, it means that it will appear if you eat many fruits and berries - melon, peach, papaya, pineapple, bananas, cherries, grapes, apples, avocados, etc.

In addition, there is a “latex-mushroom” syndrome, that is, negative reactions to latex and at the same time to fungi, mold, and mold fungi are observed.

What does cross-reaction occur in February, March, April, May, June, July, August?

Allergists distinguish between seasonal cross allergies, namely:

• spring, that is, in March, April and May for the flowering of trees such as alder, hazel, birch, oak, ash, lilac, apple tree, maple;
• summer (in June, July and August) - for the flowering of meadow grasses, cereals, as well as wormwood, plantain, nettle, sorrel.

Cross-allergy to birch can also occur, as well as when willow and pine bloom. At the end of winter - in February, allergy sufferers should avoid places where hazel and alder grow. In early May, you need to limit your stay near poplar, maple, ash and oak. An experienced allergist will tell you what you might be allergic to in March and other spring months on a case-by-case basis.

What plants and trees begin to bloom from early spring to late summer?

The following plants bloom in spring:

1. Herbs and shrubs: corn, oats, feather grass, lily of the valley, wheatgrass, sorghum, barley, wheat, oats, rye.

IN summer time The following plants bloom:

1. Trees: chestnut and linden.
2. Herbs: corn, quinoa, ragweed, wormwood, sunflower, cereal grains.

What medications can you be cross-allergic to?

Hypersensitivity can occur not only from taking medications, but also from the patient himself. This applies to cases where there is a hereditary pathology transmitted from generation to generation. Medicines to which an immune response can be produced:

1. A striking example of a cross-allergy is intolerance to penicillin - the cross-allergen of which is cephalosporins, ceftriaxone, poultry meat and animals that were fed feed with antibiotics. Also included in this group are natural, durant and semi-synthetic penicillins.
2. People who are sensitive to vitamin B1 will not feel well when taking medications based on thiamine and cocarboxylase.
3. If you are intolerant to iodine, there will be an unpredictable reaction to cardiotrust, iodlipol, Lugol's solution, radioactive iodine.
4. High irritability of the body to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was detected for allergens “Ibuprofen”, “Ketorolac”, “Diclofenac”, “Naproxen”, “Piroxica”, etc.

Allergic reaction to pets - cats, dogs

Pay attention! Not only contact, but also being near an animal can cause a severe allergic reaction.

Methods of treating the disease in adults and children

Treatment includes:

• elimination diet;
• drug therapy to relieve symptoms.

To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, contact with the allergen should be completely avoided.

Initially, doctors make an appointment antihistamines and enterosorbents. Glucocorticoids may also be prescribed local action and antibiotics. Cross-allergenic substances can only be excluded by a qualified allergist using a special table.

Diet for cross allergies, list of prohibited foods

In the process of medication and therapeutic treatment must be adhered to strict rules in nutrition, namely:

1. If you are hypersensitive to weeds, you should exclude spinach, halva, pears and apples, melons, celery and tomatoes, bananas, sunflower seeds and oil.
2. If you are allergic to cereals, you need to avoid “related products”, that is, fresh baked goods, crackers, bran, semolina, pasta. You also need to limit your diet from sausages and from rice, potatoes, sorrel, melon, kiwi, onions, and olives.
3. If hay fever due to wormwood is detected, then you should avoid sauces based on eggs and mustard, as well as beets and eggplants, watermelon, and honey. different varieties, chicory, peas, citrus fruits. It is also important to limit the consumption of curry, cumin, and coriander seasonings.

Allergies develop under the influence of irritating agents - allergens or physical factors. Cross allergy is formed as a response to the action of several allergens that are similar in structure.

This type of allergy is difficult to diagnose. Therefore, persons suffering from a certain type of allergy should know which types of allergens can cause cross-reactions.

Allergy mechanism

Allergies are caused by a hyperactive reaction immune system to the introduction of an allergen. An allergic reaction occurs only in a sensitized organism that has already “encountered” this type of allergen and has specific antibodies against it (IgE and IgG). When an irritant enters the body: plant pollen, food, medicine, or under the influence of physical factors (cold, sun rays, etc.), an immune response is triggered in the form of a cascade of cellular reactions.

Hypersensitivity can be mediated by different immune mechanisms. But their essence is that the allergen activates basophils, mast and cytotoxic cells. These immunocompetent cells secrete and “release” mediators (histamine, prostaglandins) into the blood. Which, in turn, have a pathological effect on surrounding tissues, leading to swelling and increased permeability blood vessels and increased secretion of the epithelium. This reaction can develop in a matter of minutes.

With the accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators in the body on the second day, a late (slow) allergic reaction is formed. Allergies manifest clinically as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, urticaria or bronchial asthma.

Most dangerous form The allergic reaction is anaphylactic shock. This condition is accompanied by disruption of normal blood circulation, nervous and respiratory systems, and requires urgent assistance.

Properties of allergens

Allergens are usually substances of a protein or polysaccharide nature with a low molecular weight, which ensures their penetration through the mucous membrane of the respiratory system or skin.

Chemical properties characteristic of allergens:

• activity in very small doses;
• high ability to penetrate, dissolve and adsorb in tissues;
• significant structural stability ensures their preservation in body fluids.

What is cross allergy?

Cross allergy is caused by increased sensitivity to several allergens that are similar in structure.

Allergens have receptor structures called determinants. The possibility of cross-reactions is determined by the presence of identical determinants in different allergens, which can belong to a variety of carriers (dust, food, medications, pollen, etc.).

For example, in individuals with mycogenic mold allergies, drug cross-allergy is highly likely penicillin group s and with food ( yeast dough, Roquefort cheese, kefir, kvass). The initiators of this type of allergy can be various types allergens.

Highlight the following types cross-reacting allergens:

• For plant pollen. Hay fever is seasonal.
• Food allergens.
• Drug allergens.
• For house dust, mites and pet hair.
• Fungal allergens.

With cross-allergy, there is an increase in the number of allergens that cause increased sensitivity of a certain type.

Young children often develop crosstalk food allergy for milk, complementary foods, sweets and pet hair.

This is due to low enzymatic activity and an immature immune system in children. If you follow a hypoallergenic diet, increased sensitivity usually goes away with age.

Diagnostics

Cross diagnostics hypersensitivity consists of a clinical examination, anamnesis, laboratory research and skin tests.

• increased sensitivity to a certain factor and seasonality of manifestation are the basis for testing cross allergens;
• a family history is necessary since allergies are hereditary.
• Laboratory examination allows us to identify causative allergens:

Cross allergy to pollen

Hypersensitivity to pollen or hay fever is a very common phenomenon that allergy sufferers suffer from during flowering periods of grasses and trees. The allergy calendar identifies three dust peaks for the territory of central Russia:

70% of all hay fever is a cross allergy to birch. Second place goes to wormwood allergy. Antigens from pollen and leaves of these plants have powerful allergenic properties. They cause the greatest number of cross-reactions with such regular products like potatoes, carrots and onions, apples, pears, cherries, plums, peaches and apricots.

Tables of possible cross-allergens allow you to choose the right hypoallergenic diet.

Table of cross allergens to pollen

Plant pollen	Plants (stems, leaves, flowers)	Food	Herbal medicines and cosmetics
Birch	Apple tree, alder, hazel	Apples, kiwi, strawberries, hazelnuts, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, carrots, potatoes, celery, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, legumes	Birch leaves buds, alder cones. Shampoos, creams, scrubs
Cereals		Wheat, oats, barley, rye, sorrel	Masks and scrubs based on oats and other grains
Sagebrush	Chamomile, dandelion, sunflower, coriander, dahlia	Citrus fruits, sunflower seeds (oil, halva), potatoes, parsnips, dill, coriander, anise, chicory, honey,	Cosmetics, vermouth, balms and infusions with wormwood, chamomile, calendula, string, elecampane
Ambrosia, quinoa	Sunflower, dandelion	Beetroot, melon, bananas, sunflower seed, spinach	Medicines and cosmetics based on dandelions

For allergy sufferers, it is recommended to keep an observation diary where you need to record which of the allergens (pollen, food or medications) and when caused an allergic reaction. This will allow you to plan an elimination diet and prevent exacerbations of the disease.

Cross food allergies

Cross food allergies can also be associated with diseases of the digestive system. All food products, with the exception of salt and refined sugar, have allergenic properties.

However, statistics show that in 90% of cases hypersensitivity develops only to 8 food allergens - chicken eggs, peanuts, cow's milk, soybeans, hazelnuts, crustaceans, fish and wheat (gluten protein).

Allergies to “red” fruits and vegetables are very common. In particular, allergies to persimmons occur due to their high tannin content. Persimmon may have cross-allergens with heather plants (beak, lingonberry and heather pollen).

Statistics on the presence of cross food allergies:

• with hay fever more than 50%;
• at atopic dermatitis in 48%;
• in 15% in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Table of cross-allergies to foods, drugs and cosmetics.

Product	Cross reactions	Medicines and cosmetics
Cow's milk	Beef, veal, wool and meat products, goat milk	Enzyme products from raw materials cattle(Pancreatin, Festal, etc.)
Chicken egg	Meat (including chicken), eggs and quail dishes, ducks, prepared foods (mayonnaise, sauces)	Creams and medications (Interferon, Lysozyme, Bifiliz) with egg components
Kefir	Blue cheese, yeast dough, mushrooms (Penicillium and Aspergillus)	Penicillins
Fish	Fish products, caviar, seafood: crustaceans and mollusks, daphnia	Fish oil
Strawberry	Red berries (lingonberries, raspberries, currants, blackberries), persimmons	Herbal remedies and creams with extracts of these berries
Carrot	Celery, parsley, wormwood	β-carotene, vitamin A
Potato	Nightshades (tomato, paprika, eggplant), dishes with starch, wormwood, birch	Products containing potato starch (Volecam, Dextrans)
Apples, plums (rosaceous plants)	Pear, quince, (stone fruit, peach, etc.), apple cider vinegar, almonds, prunes; pollen of alder, birch, wormwood	Preparations and cosmetics based on raw materials from the specified plants and fruits
Hazelnuts	Nuts of all kinds, mango, kiwi, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, poppy seeds, sesame seeds; birch and hazel pollen	Nut oils
Peanut	Stone fruits, nightshades, bananas, soybeans green peas; latex	Latex and products made from it: gloves, pacifiers, pool goggles, condoms
Citrus	All citrus fruits (tangerine, lemon, etc.)	Cosmetics, oils, absorbable tablets based on citrus fruits
Bananas	Kiwi, melon, avocado, wheat gluten; plantain pollen; latex
Mustard	Cruciferous vegetables (horseradish, all types of cabbage, radish)
Kiwi	Banana, nuts, avocado, bay leaf; rice, oatmeal, sesame; cereal and birch pollen	Latex, cosmetics made on its basis
Beet	Chemoceae (spinach), beet molasses	Beet masks, beet juice
Legumes	Beans, soybeans, peas, lentils, alfalfa, mango, peanuts	Thermopsis, cosmetic oils legumes and peanuts

The allergenic properties of products decrease after heat treatment.

• When boiling (20 min) cow's milk, bovine serum albumin and α-lactalbumin, which are strong allergens. However, these proteins are preserved in dry and condensed milk.
• If you are hypersensitive to fish, you can use canned fish.

Sensitivity should be differentiated egg yolk(species-specific) and protein (non-species-specific). With the latter type of allergy, you cannot replace chicken eggs with eggs of other types of poultry (quail, duck), as they contain protein with similar determinants. It must be taken into account that many vaccines contain impurities egg white.

Cross drug allergy

Almost all medications have allergenic properties. Allergies to antibiotics are most often noted to drugs of the sulfonamide (Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, etc.) and penicillin groups, since they are strong allergens. Hypersensitivity to drugs develops only after repeated use of the drug that caused the allergy. However, cross-allergens can also pre-sensitize the body. It has been shown that an allergy to a certain antibiotic series leads to a cross-reaction to all drugs in this group.

Drug cross allergy table.

It is important to remember that people with drug allergies have a lifetime ban from of this medication. A note about such medications should be on the cover of the medical card!

Treatment of cross-reaction

Cross hypersensitivity can provoke severe allergic conditions, so it is important to carry out timely diagnosis and treatment in specialized centers.

Treatment is based on:

• Elimination or limitation of the influence of causative allergens.
• Choosing a balanced diet.
• The use of antihistamines (Cetrin, Edem, Erius, etc.) to relieve allergy symptoms.
• Stabilization mast cells(Cromones, Ketotifen).
• Prescribing glucocorticoids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, etc.) for severe allergies.
• Antigen-specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization).

Persons suffering from cross-hypersensitivity are recommended to have an “allergy patient passport”, which should indicate the diagnosis and prescription of the allergist. Patients susceptible to anaphylactic shock should have epinephrine in their personal emergency kit.

Cross allergy is additional property common allergies. The fact is that many allergens have their “doubles”: if one allergen causes allergic reactions in a person, then it is quite possible that its “double” or even a group of “doubles” will provoke them.

The essence of the relationship between these allergens is the similarity of structure, namely the set of amino acids from which they both consist. For example, if a person has a persistent allergy to dust, then one day he may be very surprised when, after eating shrimp, he develops an allergic reaction similar to that caused by house dust. But the whole point is that the body, due to the similarity in the organization of dust and shrimp cells, simply confused them. Complexity similar situations the fact that it is not always known who the “double” allergen is in a pathogen that is already familiar to you.

The most common relationships between pathogens have already been calculated, and special cross-reaction tables have been compiled (see below).

Cross allergies: table

As mentioned above, there are many types of cross allergic reactions. Here are the main, most common ones.

Cross food allergies

If a patient is allergic to plants or fungal spores, allergic reactions to certain types of food products are quite reasonable. A common mistake made by patients is that often, due to ignorance, they do not connect allergens that are so distant from each other.

Cross-allergy to antibiotics and other medications

Symptoms of cross allergies

The manifestations of cross-allergy are similar to the symptoms of normal allergy: the presence allergic rhinitis, lacrimation, itching and burning on the skin, swelling of the mucous membranes, bronchial asthma, urticaria, dermatitis, Quincke's edema. All these symptoms are often caused by house dust, pollen, animal dander, food products and, strange as it may sound, even sunlight and cold.

A unique property of cross-allergy is a gradual increase in the number of pathogenic allergens that cause identical symptoms in the patient. To prevent their number from reaching incredible proportions, it is important to diagnose allergic reactions at the very beginning and begin their comprehensive treatment.

Diagnosis of cross allergies

The most the right way Diagnosis of cross allergies today is molecular diagnostics. With the help of special equipment, specialists identify a reaction not to a product, plant, etc., but to a specific protein that is part of their composition and determines the “crossing” of the doubles.

In Ukraine today, to diagnose cross-allergic reactions, a thorough history is taken and specific immunodiagnostics are carried out to identify cross-sensitization.

Treatment of cross allergies

Treatment of cross allergies differs little from a set of measures to eliminate regular allergies; the difference lies in finding the main allergen that gives rise to cross allergic reactions.

In the treatment of this type of disease, antihistamines are the main ones. The second and third generations of these drugs provide best effect: Claritin, Cetrin, Erius, Zertec and others, the like. Their advantage is that they do not affect the central nervous system and have no side effects, like first-generation antihistamines (no drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention). In general, it takes a week for allergic reactions to resolve. complex cases It is suggested to take the drug for a period of several months.

Ceritisine (Zyrtec, Parlazin) are coated tablets (10 mg), as well as a solution - oral drops (10 mg per ml). Adults and children over six years old take one tablet once a day (20 drops), children 2-6 years old - 5 mg per day or 10 drops, children 1-2 years old - 2.5 mg (5 drops) twice a day . Zirtec is taken from 6 months, 2.5 mg twice a day.

A mild form of the disease allows the use of cromoglycic acid derivatives. She is contained eye drops, nasal sprays and aerosols.

Very often, glucosteroid drugs are used to treat cross-allergic reactions. These can be tablets or injection solutions. Due to their use, firstly, the processes of exacerbations of the disease are relieved, and secondly, this is a good maintenance therapy to treat the disease in the future. Medicines This group is very powerful and potent, therefore they must be prescribed by the attending physician, who will establish the necessary dosages, which should not be exceeded in any case. In case of cross-allergy, corticosteroids are used only for special exacerbations and not for long, since long-term use can cause serious side effects.

At complex treatment the above agents are supplemented with leukotriene receptor antagonists and sorbents.

The effectiveness of medications can be significantly enhanced by the use of SIT - specific immunotherapy. Its essence is that the patient is given therapeutic dose allergen (allergen vaccine), which increases over time. This results in the patient's sensitivity to repeated exposure to the allergen decreasing.

Thus, the patient’s body becomes immune to the causative agent of allergic reactions.

Prevention of cross allergies

What prophylaxis to take to prevent cross-allergy depends on the primary pathogen. If a person is allergic to pollen, then when allergic plants bloom, you need to avoid places where they grow - most likely, these will be all kinds of parks and squares. Wearing sunglasses and gauze bandages will protect the mucous membranes, careful daily personal hygiene, as well as wet cleaning in the house will help reduce the number of possible contacts with allergens. Taking antihistamines is also a sure way to prevent cross allergies. If you have a food allergy, your daily diet should be carefully thought out - all possible allergenic foods are excluded. At the same time, cosmetics and care products can only be used that are marked “hypoallergenic”. If an insect bite causes allergic reactions in you, consuming honey and other bee products is contraindicated for you; in addition, it is better to refrain from consuming seafood such as shrimp, mussels, lobsters, oysters, and crab meat.

Often cross-allergy is caused by raw foods. Under the influence of temperature during cooking, the allergen protein that causes allergic reactions is usually destroyed. Therefore, you can try to eat cooked foods, perhaps in this form they will not provoke your allergies. But it is best to consult a doctor in advance so as not to cause any complications.

To take the most rational, and most importantly, effective measures prevention, you need to conduct an examination and consult an experienced allergist. Only he will be able to calculate all groups of allergens, taking into account the properties and characteristics of cross allergic reactions.

Cross allergies are a fairly common phenomenon. When an immunologist identifies a primary allergen and a chain of products that cause cross-allergic reactions, treatment gives a noticeable and fairly quick effect.

Important to know!

Many people have encountered the problem that the shampoo is not suitable. But an allergic reaction to shampoo is not a rare phenomenon, but requires a more careful approach to choosing shampoo. Why do allergies to shampoo occur? What are the causes of allergies? Can it be prevented? And there are, in fact, a lot of these questions.

People are increasingly faced with various allergic manifestations. A cross-type disease is often observed, when unpleasant symptoms arise not only from a specific food, but also from a similar product. This is the category of allergens that have the same components in their composition.

An unfavorable response to certain types of stimuli lies in a similar set of amino acids in different groups allergens. The complex of protein compounds consists of two forms: active and auxiliary.

Based on statistical data, it turned out that there are 14 dangerous types proteins. When cross-allergies form, those containing amino acids of categories 2,3,5 and 10 show greater activity. Potential irritants may be contained in foods, plants and medications various groups, which even happen, are not interconnected with each other.

What cross-allergy is is not difficult to find out. The difficulty is in identifying allergens that do not look alike but have approximately the same composition.

Characteristic signs and symptoms

Cross reactions in allergies are similar to other pathologies. Clinical picture divided into three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. Depending on the type of irritant, symptoms include skin manifestations, respiratory problems, or visual organ. This adversely affects the general condition of the patient.

The first signs of cross-allergy are diagnosed in childhood from 4 to 12 years. Probability of occurrence negative consequences increases during exposure to the body unfavorable factors in the form:

• poor environmental situation in the city;
• poor nutrition;
• neglect of hygiene measures;
• lack of cleaning in the premises.

Cross allergy is accompanied by:

• skin itching, discomfort, burning;
• the formation of red spots on the skin;
• small rashes of pink, white, orange hue;
• peeling, appearance of crusts and unpleasant shine;
• swelling and swelling of tissues;
• lacrimation, conjunctivitis, redness and itching of the eyelids;
• congestion of the nasal passages, separation of clear mucus, paroxysmal sneezing;
• sore throat, shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation, barking cough with no sputum secretion.

In more difficult situations observed:

• addition of a secondary infection;
• fungal infection of the skin;
• development of anaphylactic shock;
• narrowing of the lumen of the larynx and suffocation;
• swelling of the tongue.

When the body is exposed to several allergens at once negative symptoms appears more clearly.

Diagnostics

Identification of the irritant begins with clarification of the anamnesis. Hereditary predisposition plays an important role. After this, the doctor listens to the patient’s complaints.

Based on this, an examination is prescribed. It consists of performing skin and intradermal tests. Before diagnosis, the range of suspected allergens should be identified. The main condition for a positive result is the implementation of the study during the period of remission.

It is mandatory to carry out laboratory diagnostics. It involves collecting blood, sputum, saliva and nasal contents for examination. In some situations, provocative tests may be required. Involves the introduction of a potential irritant into the body.

One of the popular methods is immunological research. It can be used to determine the presence of antigens.

Cross allergen table

Scientists have done a lot of research. Using them, tables were created that indicate cross-stimuli. If you carefully study the material, the patient will be able to independently identify the allergen and prevent the occurrence of unpleasant signs in the future.

Food

Medicines

Patients often experience irritation to ovalbumin and cross-allergy to the vaccine. This component is included in egg white. It often leads to allergies in both adults and children different ages. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to vaccinate with such a pathology.

There are main types of irritants that often lead to adverse consequences:

• Cereal pollen. A cross allergic reaction occurs to some products such as barley, wheat, sorrel, and oats. Less commonly, other varieties of cereals cause irritation.
• Sagebrush. Pollen from dandelions, sunflowers, chamomile and dahlias can cause irritation. Cross allergy to wormwood contributes to the appearance of symptoms to certain citrus fruit products, sunflower oil, halva, honey and other bee products. There is also a third category of irritants such as calendula, coltsfoot, string, and elecampane.
• Birch. Irritation is caused by alder and hazel. Cross allergy to birch leads to the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms to stone fruits, birch sap, kiwi, carrots, nuts, peanuts and potatoes.
• Ambrosia. Intersects with dandelion and sunflower pollen. Cross allergy to ragweed causes irritation to bananas, seeds, halva, refined and unrefined oil.

If you are allergic to lilac, cross-irritation will occur with beets, spinach, maple, celery and herbs.

There are several other types of irritants. What allergies overlap with can be seen in the table.

General rules and methods of treatment

Treatment of adverse events is carried out according to the usual regimen. The first step is to eliminate any contact with the allergen. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms the doctor prescribes:

• new generation antihistamines in the form of Erius, Claritin, Zodak, Zirtec, Suprastin Next;
• enterosorbents for cleansing the body of allergens in the form of Smecta, Polysorb, Enterosgel;
• glucocorticosteroids. Hormonal drugs are used in more severe cases. Quickly relieve swelling and increase blood pressure. They are considered a first aid remedy for the development of anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema.

To positive result came quickly, you should adhere to a strict diet. All allergenic products are excluded from the menu:

• citrus;
• chocolate;
• eggs;
• dairy and fermented milk products;
• confectionery and flour products.

Specific treatment to reduce the body's sensitization under the influence of many allergens is not carried out. This technique is effective for a runny nose. allergic form, hypersensitivity to pollen, bronchial asthma, sensitivity to insect bites.

If a cross-allergy is detected, the patient must take care of protection from the adverse effects of irritating substances. The tables help to avoid not only allergies to main products, but also to other components.

Doctors also give several additional recommendations:

• Take care of the cleanliness of the apartment. Cleaning should be carried out regularly, dust should be wiped off, bed linen should be changed.
• Carefully care for your pets, as many allergens accumulate on their fur. In case of severe type of disease, it is better to abandon animals.
• Avoid eating foods that irritate the immune system. Take care of proper nutrition.
• put on sunglasses and gauze bandages where there are allergenic plants
• During flowering, you need to reduce the time you spend outside or go out of town. It is also worth refusing to ventilate the room for a while. You can buy an air purifier for your home.
• Rinse after going outside oral cavity, wash your hands and face with soap. Clothes should be washed and showered regularly to remove microparticles.
• Get rid of carpets, soft toys, sofas and armchairs. This will avoid the accumulation of various microbes.

If all the rules are followed, the patient will be able to avoid a relapse.

The table will help you determine what you are cross-allergic to. Every person suffering from allergic diseases, must have an understanding of what cross-allergy is and how to overcome its manifestations. After all, it often happens that a patient who has an established sensitivity to a certain substance suddenly develops similar symptoms of the disease from contact with another irritant. This reaction is called cross reaction.

Research into the nature of an allergic reaction shows that its cause is always contact with something that is irritating. This role can be played by allergens or external factors that have a physical impact. Cross allergy occurs when the body is exposed to several such irritants that have a similar structure.

Allergens are usually substances that are proteins or polysaccharides in nature. As a rule, they have a small molecular weight, due to which they can easily penetrate the mucous membrane respiratory tract or through the skin.

• the ability to maintain activity even in ultra-low doses;
• ability to dissolve and adsorb in tissues human body;
• stable structure that allows it to remain unchanged in biological fluids.

Cross allergies can occur because allergens have a similar set of amino acids.

Nowadays, science knows 14 types of pathogenic proteins that can provoke an excessive response of the immune system. The most dangerous of them are those included in the second, third, fifth and tenth groups. At the same time, they may contain, at first glance, completely different products or plants. For example, a patient who has been allergic to potatoes for many years may get the same reaction from contact with birch pollen and vice versa.

Cross allergy has the same symptoms as regular allergy. These are signals from the respiratory organs, skin or digestive system. But at the same time, due to the fact that the systems of the human body are affected by several allergens at once, the disease develops faster than usual. In addition, over time, the number of substances to which a reaction can develop gradually increases.

Illnesses associated with exposure to multiple allergens are uncommon in children under 6 years of age. Typically, predisposition to them manifests itself in the period from 6 to 15 years.

Diagnosing cross allergies is very difficult. Therefore, it is very important for the patient to know which substances have the ability to provoke it.

To make this task easier for him, researchers have compiled tables of their possible combinations. They will help avoid unwanted contact with irritants that can cause the same symptoms as the main allergen. Typically tables are grouped into groups.

The most common grouping of tables is by these types of irritants:

1. Flowering grasses and pollen-producing trees.
2. Food.
3. Medicines.

Patients who suffer from cross food allergies should take note that when thermal effects dangerous properties food products are decreasing.

You should also know that ripe vegetables are more dangerous in terms of the possibility of allergic manifestations than unripe ones. We should also not forget that a cross-reaction to food may be evidence that there are problems in the stomach and intestines.

If we talk about medications, then almost all of them can manifest themselves as cross allergens.

Those who are allergic to medications need to know that substances that provoke a cross-reaction can also act as a sensitization factor for the body.

Those who are found to be sensitive to a particular medication should avoid its use for life. This must be noted in the medical card.

Separately, mention should be made of such a common allergen as latex. It is a natural rubber and serves as a raw material for the manufacture of many medical supplies, condoms, balloons and other items with which modern man constantly encounters in my life. Characteristic feature latex can be called the fact that it not only can be a separate allergen, but also the presence of many cross-allergens for it.

In combination with latex, the cause of the disease can be:

• fruits (almost all);
• nuts;
• plant foods (buckwheat, chocolate, potatoes, tomatoes, celery, sesame);
• pollen of ragweed, alder, cereals;
• mushrooms (edible and moldy).

For cross allergies, tables can be compiled based on different criteria, and they can be constantly refined and supplemented. The main thing is that they contain information that helps patients navigate the fight against the manifestations and prevention of allergic diseases.

Treatment

Once a diagnosis has been established, a set of therapeutic measures is used to treat cross-allergic reactions.

• conducting molecular studies that will help determine the main allergen and substances that cause cross-allergy;
• taking measures to prevent further contact with hazardous substances;
• prescription of antihistamines.

For this purpose, products such as Smecta, Polysorb, Enterosgel or the well-known activated carbon may be suitable. You can also take decoctions of string, nettle, chamomile, burdock root or oak bark.

Another element of therapy is special diet. At the same time, both those products to which an allergy has been established and those that can provoke a cross-reaction are excluded from the diet, according to the tables.

A feature of the treatment of allergic diseases with several allergens is also that measures to desensitize the body are not carried out. Also, allergy tests are not done, in which a small amount of allergen is injected under the patient's skin.

If a patient has been diagnosed with cross-allergy, he needs to organize his life in such a way as to be maximally protected from the effects of irritating substances. The tables above will help you determine which substances or products should be avoided. In addition, patients are recommended to keep a special diary in which they carefully record all cases and circumstances of allergic reactions.

• regularly visit an allergist;
• Constantly monitor the cleanliness of the house, regularly carry out wet cleaning;
• if there are animals in the house, provide proper care behind them. In the case when the patient’s disease is severe, it is better to give up pets altogether;
• exclude from your menu those foods that irritate the immune system and cause allergic reactions;
• wear sunglasses or gauze bandages when outdoors;
• try not to visit places where plants grow that can cause an allergic reaction. In extreme cases, when severe course illness - change region of residence;
• maintain personal hygiene - upon returning from the street, be sure to rinse your mouth, wash your hands and hair;
• wash clothes and bed linen, clean shoes more often;
• refuse to have carpets, upholstered furniture and other accessories in the house that can collect dust.

Preservation also plays a great role in the prevention of allergic diseases. peace of mind person.

You should try to avoid stressful situations, since during their occurrence the level of histamine in the body increases. This can significantly worsen general condition sick.