Acne vulgaris is the result of an inflammatory process in the structures of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Common reasons the appearance of pustules: staphylococcal infection and microtraumas on the surface of the skin.

The pathogenic agent enters human body through the follicular ostium, after which it begins to intensively replicate, causing a rash.

Speaking about the clinical picture of acne, we should mention its diversity. Inflammation usually affects those areas of the skin that have a large number of sebaceous glands, for example, there is a lot of acne on the face, chest and back.

At the initial stage, they look like comedones or blackheads; the mouth of the hair follicle is blocked by a plug of sebum and horny masses. Later, a secondary infection occurs and infiltration appears at the base of the plug.

Education becomes very painful.

Initially, acne vulgaris looks like a small red nodule. As the inflammatory process intensifies, the infiltrate will become larger, and pus will begin to accumulate at the top of the formation.

After a few days, the pustular capsule spontaneously opens, the pus comes out, forming a dry crust at the apex. After the wound heals, scars may remain.

If point inflammation is not treated, the process can spread deeper and involve nearby glands. Then a pustule with a compacted base is formed.

Causes of rosacea

acne vulgaris in the photo

This dermatological disease It is considered quite common and occurs in a large number of inhabitants of the globe. Only 20% of all sick people seek medical help from a doctor.

As a rule, patients from this number have a complicated form of skin lesions. The rest treat acne at home, getting rid of acne with improvised means, or using pharmaceutical medications without a doctor’s prescription.

In newborns and children under 12 years of age, acne vulgaris is extremely rare.

The likelihood of developing this dermatological disease increases when boys and girls begin puberty. At risk are children aged 14-16 years and young people who lead active image life, whose sebaceous glands are daily in intensive work mode with the release of large volumes of sebum.

Acne vulgaris itself resembles large cluster inflamed pimples, inside of which there is a pustule with purulent contents. Due to weakened local immunity, a bacterial infection is often diagnosed inside the affected areas of the skin, which only aggravates the course of the inflammatory process.

The reasons for the appearance of vulgar acne in a completely healthy person may be the presence of one or several negative factors at once. They may be as follows:

It is no coincidence that rashes appear between the ages of 15 and 24. The period of puberty is characterized by “hormonal storms,” intensive growth of the body, and restructuring of all systems. It is not surprising that all failures are reflected on the skin.

The main causes of acne and blackheads:

• increased activity of the sebaceous glands, excess sebum;
• blockage of the sebaceous ducts, inflammation of the hair follicles;
• activity of propionobacteria in case of imbalance in the body;
• hereditary predisposition (type of secretion of the sebaceous glands);
• poor skin hygiene;
• excess cosmetics ( foundation, powder, fatty cream), clogging the skin ducts;
• frequent touching of the face with unwashed hands;
• follicular hyperkeratosis.

Provoking factors in girls:

• increasing the level of male sex hormones;
• violation menstrual cycle after taking anabolic hormones;
• increased sensitivity of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles to androgens.

Find out everything about hemangioma in newborns on our website. How to get rid of oily skin on the face? This article has the answer!

The initial stage of acne is comedones or so-called blackheads. The mouth of the hair follicle is closed by a plug formed by secretions of the sebaceous glands and particles of the keratinized upper layer of the epidermis.

The next stage in the development of the disease is the addition of a secondary infection. The infiltrative process begins at the base of the sebaceous plug.

The inflamed area becomes painful.

So, why do acne appear on the face, and why do acne first form in the skin pores, and then pimples in their place? What do acne on the face mean for the body and what processes are they associated with? The appearance of acne with two main processes:

1. Strengthening the function of the sebaceous glands around the hair follicles –
   As a result, the volume of sebum increases, which is formed by the sebaceous glands and is brought to the surface of the skin. This usually happens during puberty against the background of hormonal changes - increased production of androgens (in both young people and girls).
2. An increase in the number of desquamated cells in the lumen of the follicle –
   Hair follicles are covered from the inside with a layer of epithelial cells. Gradually the cells die and are replaced by new ones. However, with keratosis of the epithelium (i.e., when the process of keratinization of epithelial cells is disrupted), sharp increase the number of desquamated epithelial cells in the lumen of the hair follicle.

An increase in sebum production and the number of exfoliated cells leads to the formation of plugs (blackheads). At the same time, the sebaceous glands still secrete sebum, but which can no longer reach the surface of the skin (Diagram 10b).

Therefore, sebum accumulates in the lumen of the hair follicle, thereby stretching its walls. Sebum and confined space conditions are excellent conditions for the growth of bacteria.

As a result, either a papule or a pustule develops in the space limited by the walls of the hair follicle.

What factors aggravate the appearance of acne -

Increased hormone production in adolescents and keratosis of the epithelium of the hair follicles are not the only factors that can affect the development of acne. The reasons for the appearance of acne on the face may lie in the details. Acne development is promoted by:

• Use of oily cosmetics –
  some cosmetics and skin care products, as well as sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands, can clog skin pores. This will be the case in cases where such products are made on a fat basis. Any cosmetics for you should be water-based only.

• Birth control pills and hormonal changes –
  Some birth control pills cause acne. This is typical for drugs containing pure progesterone. Also, during the premenstrual period, hormonal levels change, and therefore you can regularly observe the worsening of your acne once a month.

• Medicines –
  The following drugs can stimulate the appearance of acne: prednisolone, steroid hormones, drugs with lithium, anticonvulsants, iodides, bromides.

• Active sweating –
  many people sweat frequently. This may be due to increased physical activity, stress, simply due to physiology or working conditions. Keep in mind that increased sweating also contributes to the appearance of acne. Therefore, such people need to take even more careful care of their skin.

Types of acne

There are the following types of acne:

There is also subcutaneous deep acne that affects the lower layers of the skin. It is more difficult to treat and leaves scars or scars.

Forms of acne and stages of development

Therapy for vulgar acne should be based on the principle of individual selection treatment course for each patient individually. In general, treatment consists of the following stages, compliance with which is mandatory in order to medical removal acne was successful:

1. Providing normal nutrition to the hair follicle. To do this, the patient is prescribed premium vitamin-mineral complexes containing a sufficient amount of useful substances that can provide normal development hairline and hair roots.
2. Antibacterial therapy. During the diagnostic examination, the type of bacterial microflora, which is present on the surface of the skin affected by vulgar acne. If detected pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotics are prescribed to which the infectious pathogen does not have stable natural immunity. The antibacterial drug is selected individually.
3. Anti-inflammatory procedures. To achieve an anti-inflammatory effect, external agents are used in the form of Zovirax, Salicylic-zinc ointments, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, Chlorhexidine. Ointments are applied in the morning and evening to the affected area of ​​the skin. The medicine is distributed in an even layer over the surface of vulgar acne so that all inflamed areas of epidermal tissue are evenly covered. Hydrogen peroxide used to wipe the skin. Antiseptic treatment with this medicine is performed once a day.
4. Washing your face. In this case, we are talking about the fact that during the water procedures, use antibacterial and anti-inflammatory tar soap, make baths with chamomile infusions and wash the skin.

If necessary, the attending dermatologist may prescribe the use cosmetic masks with the addition of essential oils medicinal plants and other components that will help improve the health of affected skin areas and speed up the patient’s recovery.

Like any disease, acne happens varying degrees gravity. Mild acne (blackheads or clogged pores) only needs to be treated with special products.

Symptoms depend on several factors.

Types of acne on the face:

• inflammatory;
• non-inflammatory.

According to the degree of location on the skin, acne is divided into:

The majority of young people suffer from non-inflammatory forms of acne. Vulgar (juvenile) acne is familiar to many. The weaker the body, the more provoking factors, the more extensive the rash.

Development of juvenile acne:

• the activity of the sebaceous glands increases;
• the ducts become clogged;
• comedones appear on the skin;
• formations resemble tubercles;
• color – deep red, size – up to 5 mm, often in the center there is an abscess;
• after healing, pigmented areas remain on the skin, and occasionally shallow scars;
• At the same time, the hair becomes oily, and thinning of the hair is occasionally observed.

Pay attention! The main locations of superficial acne are the face, less often - upper part chest, back.

Severe forms of acne

Unfortunately, for many young people, the rashes do not go away as quickly as they would like.

What do acne symptoms look like?

The appearance of acne vulgaris is characterized by a whole list of symptoms, which are extremely difficult to confuse. The first signs of acne formation on the skin look like this:

• a small red spot appears that has a swollen appearance with clear signs swelling;
• the inflamed neoplasm begins to itch and becomes painful upon palpation;
• on the 2nd day from the moment of appearance, the affected area of ​​the skin becomes elastic and increasingly takes on the shape of an acne;
• the pimple starts to accumulate inside biological fluid in the form of lymph and blood;
• As the inflammatory process develops, the pimple fills with purulent contents, swells, turns red and becomes very painful.

To prevent the transformation of acne at any stage of its development, it is necessary to use drug therapy. Correctly selected medicines will help not only eliminate unpleasant symptoms, but also speed up the process of completely cleansing the skin of a dermatological disease.

The disease develops gradually - first under the influence of various factors external environment(staying in hot shops, in the sun) dilatation of skin vessels appears, which disappears after the cessation of the unfavorable factor.

Then the vessels of the facial skin lose their elasticity, expand and red veins appear, spider veins and rashes. Patients with rosacea complain of periodic flushes of heat to the face.

Thus, the main symptoms are:

• redness of the face, in in rare cases redness may spread to the back and chest;

• dilation of skin blood vessels and the appearance of a pronounced vascular network;
• the appearance of rashes against the background of redness of the facial skin: pink bumps (papules), when infected, pustules form (with purulent contents). Gradually, the papulopustular rash spreads, the skin becomes swollen, porous, and lumpy. Rosacea is characterized by a purplish-bluish tint. With rosacea, there may be a burning sensation, tightness and itching of the skin.
• on late stage diseases - thickening of the facial skin;
• thickening of the skin of the nose, the appearance of a knobby formation due to hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands - rhinophyma;
• thickening of the skin of the forehead, ears and chin, deformation of the eyelids;
• eye damage - redness, dryness, foreign body sensation, pain, inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea.

In most cases, the doctor can make a diagnosis based on the characteristic appearance of the patient, however, an examination of the condition of the facial vessels and skin microflora may be required.

Treatment of acne vulgaris: starting with diagnosis

"Acne vulgaris" is a diagnosis, and the disease requires professional treatment with the help of antibiotics, hormonal drugs, ointments, mash and other substances.

To make a diagnosis, a dermatologist will send you for tests (you may need to consult a urologist, gynecologist, or endocrinologist).

To make a diagnosis, you will need to be examined and determine the level of:

After this, the dermatologist sends it for rinsing from the mucous membranes. oral cavity, as well as for washing (“scraping”) the affected areas of the skin. This is necessary in order to confirm or refute gram-negative folliculitis.

Drug treatment

In addition to the medicinal approach to treating acne vulgaris, a dermatologist may prescribe cosmetic procedures, scrubs, masks, peeling.

Only a dermatologist can know how to get rid of acne vulgaris, so if you suspect a skin problem, quickly go to the hospital, because initial stage much easier to cure. The doctor may suggest both local treatment and the use of medications.

Local therapy is used only in case of lung and moderate acne skin lesions. A specialist can prescribe an ointment for acne vulgaris, lotion, creams and other remedies for acne on the face. Vidal's milk is good for treating acne.

Such products most often include the following components: Retinoids or a vitamin A derivative. Helps reduce swelling, hyperemia and reduces the formation of comedones and rosacea.

Azelaic acid – acts as an antibacterial agent and relieves inflammation. Azithromycin or Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for inflammatory acne.

Benzene peroxide - in addition to reducing inflammation, exfoliates dead skin well. At local treatment The doctor often prescribes combination therapy, which also includes medications.

General drug treatment occurs in severe advanced cases, and the following drugs are used: Antibacterial agents. The course and duration of treatment is determined only by the attending physician.

They help destroy the pathogen and reduce inflammation. There should be no uncontrolled use.

Contraceptives - you should visit a gynecologist before taking them; they are prescribed for hormonal disorders. Isotretinoin - reduces sebum production, relieves inflammation and fights bacteria.

Treatment of acne vulgaris, which is not easy, requires patience and effort. In addition to the medicinal approach, a dermatologist can prescribe cosmetic procedures, acne masks (the black acne mask is very popular and effective), gentle peeling to remove acne from the face.

With the help of homemade masks and face creams, you can get rid of acne

To get rid of acne permanently, home treatment is one of the effective ways.

The main methods used at home: Compress with viburnum juice. Using a blender, chop a small amount of berries and squeeze the juice out of them.

Soak a small towel or piece of gauze in the resulting liquid and apply to inflamed areas for 15 minutes. A good remedy for acne is an aloe compress.

Thanks to its properties, pus from acne can be completely removed, even from the deepest comedones. To get the effect, carry out the procedure every day for a month.

Propolis infusion is suitable for daily use by teenagers. Wipe your face at night and wash your face during the day.

This method will reduce the secretion of fat and eliminate inflammation. A very oily face can be wiped with a slice of lemon twice a day.

It dries the skin and relieves inflammation.

How to get rid of acne using salicylic acid, read the article. The main methods of combating acne on the forehead are described in the article.

Herbal tinctures will also help: Chamomile, an infusion of which can be easily prepared at home. For this you will need 1 hour.

l flowers and glass hot water, let it brew for half an hour. Next, strain and moisten with gauze and wipe the affected areas; if the pimples are on the body, you can take chamomile baths.

Dandelion infusion. Prepare similarly to the previous recipe.

After preparation, strain and take a third of a glass orally three times a day before meals.

In the photo: map of acne formation and its causes

Together, the treatment will be more effective and faster. Listen to your doctor's recommendations and don't neglect your health.

The diet prescribes taking care of the cells and tissues of your body, avoiding dairy, fatty foods, store-bought smoked products, sweets, and confectionery products (especially those created in industrial scale in factories and factories).

You will have to give up alcoholic drinks and “artificial” store-bought juices.

It has been proven that creating a favorable environment for the development of acne vulgaris fatty foods: sausage, ham, meat, store-bought smoked meats (so you will also have to give up these).

The diet should include fresh vegetables and fruits, low-fat foods, porridge (semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat), cereals. The duration is the same as the treatment.

Be careful with oatmeal: excessive consumption can cause a large number of red pimples on the forehead, cheeks, neck and other areas of the skin.

The selection of therapy and treatment for acne depends on:

• depth of location of pustules;
• nature of acne;
• the presence or absence of an inflammatory process.

The choice of treatment methods is influenced by:

• reasons, provoking factors that caused acne;
• severity of damage to various layers of skin;
• activity of the sebaceous glands.

Important! The formation of sebum cannot be regulated by external means alone. Ointments, creams, masks only temporarily reduce the fat content of the epidermis.

Combination therapy is effective. Treatment result:

Cosmetologists call this form “problem skin.” The nature of the skin lesion is superficial, the course of the disease is mild. It is observed mainly in adolescents. The main emphasis is on local funds.

How to get rid of acne? Effective drugs:

• Azelaic acid;
• Tretinoin;
• Adapalene;
• Boric acid;
• products containing sulfur;
• salicylic acid preparations;
• Isotretinoin;
• Retinol palmitate.

Please note. Tretinoin and azelaic acid received the greatest number of positive reviews.

If you are intolerant to the first drug, use azelaic acid. It does not cause side effects in most patients.

A course of treatment of at least three to four months to achieve stable remission.

Treatment of acne vulgaris should be based on the cause of the problem and the severity of the disease. For mild acne, the doctor may prescribe medications containing ichthyol, sulfur or lemon juice.

At oily skin teenagers can use lotions Oxy-5, Klerasil, Kleaskin. These products have a bacteriostatic effect, cleanse the pores of comedones and dry them out.

Skinoren cream has also shown effectiveness. It contains azelaic acid.

It inhibits the growth of bacteria and reduces the amount of free fatty acids in the hair follicles, helping to reduce inflammation. Some dermatologists recommend additional treatment of mild acne with topical antibiotics such as erythromycin or tetracycline.

Remedies for acne on the face -

Acne treatment medicinal herbs, home methods will complement the use of medications. Majority folk remedies have no contraindications. Choose several recipes and consult your doctor to see if they are right for you.

Proven recipes:

• decoction with burnet rhizome. A tablespoon of raw materials, half a liter of water, cook for 10 minutes. Use daily for wet-dry dressings;
• infusion of celandine leaves. Take 2 tbsp. l. vegetable raw materials, 3 cups of purified water, boil for 3–5 minutes. After 8 hours, the lotion is ready;
• rowan fruit juice. Mash fresh berries and extract juice. Moisten gauze or a napkin and apply to your face for a quarter of an hour. Apply compresses every other day. Course – 20 procedures;
• chamomile decoction. A universal anti-inflammatory agent. A tablespoon of flowers, half a liter of boiling water. Boil, leave for 30 minutes. Wipe the affected areas with a cotton swab;
• infusion of raspberries. Fill in dried berries boiling water Proportions 1:10. Wait half an hour and strain. Do 15-minute compresses daily, after 10 days - three times a week;
• cabbage juice Excellent relieves inflammation. Chop the cabbage and squeeze out the juice. Keep the lotions on your face for a quarter of an hour. Number of procedures – 20, interval – every other day;
• wet-dry dressings with calendula tincture. Divorce pharmaceutical composition– a teaspoon per glass of water. The duration of the procedure is half an hour;
• yeast mask. Grind fresh yeast with water or chamomile decoction. Keep the mixture on your face for no more than twenty minutes. Make a mask twice a week. (You can also find out about other acne remedies on our website. For example, about laundry soap for acne is written here, and about zinc ointment in this article).

Advice! Carry out procedures regularly. The effect will definitely appear.

How to remove acne from the face quickly and without complications? The most difficult thing here is to choose the right drug or combination of drugs and choose treatment regimens.

Only a dermatologist (sometimes a cosmetologist) can professionally treat acne on the face. Unfortunately, in most cases, people turn to a specialist late for advice, and this leads to complications - the appearance of superficial scars and age spots that form during the healing of deep acne and cysts.

Acne treatment will not be the same in the following situations:

• when you have both acne and pimples,
• when there are only acne,
• with cystic acne (i.e. when there are large purulent cavities).

How to quickly get rid of acne: a diagram compiled by a dermatologist

Below we will look at all the types of drugs that are listed in this scheme.

1. Benzoyl peroxide –

This is the best acne remedy. One might say – the gold standard of therapy.

Benzoyl peroxide is a germicidal ingredient that kills bacteria that cause pus to form inside hair follicles. In addition, benzoyl peroxide has a slight exfoliating effect, which will also help unclog pores.

Benzoyl peroxide can be in gels, lotions or creams, with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%. It is optimal to use a concentration of 2.5% for the first month, and subsequently use 5% products.

For dry skin, cream forms are more suitable, for oily skin - in the form of gels. Lotions are suitable for any skin.

Monocomponent benzoyl peroxide preparations are very high-quality products made in the USA: Persa-gel 10, Proactive, Desquam, Proderm-cream, in addition, there are cool products under the brands Neutrogena and Mary Kay.

French production - Eclaran-cream, Baziron-gel. And also Benzakne-gel (Poland), Benzoyl Peroxide Gel (India), Oxygel (India).

Combination benzoyl peroxide preparations – there are preparations where benzoyl peroxide is combined with an antibiotic or retinoid. Examples of combination drugs:

They are used in the following situations -1) If you only have acne (without acne), and you have undergone a course of treatment with a drug containing pure benzoyl peroxide, but the effect was not sufficient.

In this case, you need the drug “benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic”. 2) If you have a mixed form of the disease (acne + pimples) or cystic acne, you need the drug “benzoyl peroxide + retinoid”.

Directions for use – the drug is applied 1-2 times a day only to areas of the skin prone to inflammation. Before each treatment, cleanse your face only with mild cleansers (such as Dove or Neutrogena).

The effect of the drug will be noticeable within 5-6 days. But for that.

To achieve lasting improvement, you will need to complete a full 6-week course of treatment.

Possible side effects– Please be aware that itching, burning sensation, dryness, tension, redness or flaking of the skin may occur after use. But usually these effects are not pronounced.

And after use, they go away immediately. If you use the drug during active sunny periods, be sure to use sunscreen, because Benzoyl peroxide makes facial skin more sensitive to sunlight.

2. Retinoids –

Retinoid group drugs are prescribed when there is only acne, in the mixed form of “acne + pimples”, as well as in the cystic form of acne. Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A.

They help remove blackheads and pores and also prevent their appearance. Retinoids also have an exfoliating effect, removing dead surface skin cells.

Examples of monocomponent retinoids -

• Retin-A (Fig. 15), Lokacid, Airol - contain Tretinoin,
• Differin (Fig. 16), Klenzit, Deriva - contain Adapalene,
• Tazret-gel, Zorak – contain Tazarotene.

Examples of combined retinoids are prescribed for “acne + pimples” and cystic acne. For these forms of the disease, such drugs will be much more effective than monocomponent drugs. Examples of drugs:

• “Epiduo” (Fig. 17) – contains adapalene + benzoyl peroxide,
• “Deriva-S”, “Klenzit-S” - contain adapalene along with the antibiotic clindamycin,
• “Isotrexin” – contains the retinoid Isotretinoin + the antibiotic erythromycin.

How to treat acne on the face with retinoids - a drug with a retinoid should be used once a day before bed. The full course of treatment will take at least 3 months, but noticeable results will be visible after 6-7 weeks.

To get your skin used to it and not be too irritated, start using the drug 3 times a week. After 1-2 weeks, switch to daily use.

Before applying a retinoid, you should wash your face with a mild cleanser. The release forms of retinoids in the form of lotions will be the most effective, in the form of creams - the least.

3. Antibacterial drugs –

How to cure acne on the face with antibiotics? In most cases, antibiotics for acne are prescribed only topically (in gels and creams). The use of antibiotics in the form of ointments is strictly prohibited, as the fatty components of ointments will clog pores and worsen acne.

• Tablet oral antibiotics –
  Antibiotic tablets are prescribed immediately (as basic therapy) only for cystic acne. For forms of “acne + pimples” and only for acne, oral antibiotics are prescribed only when the use of basic drugs has not been successful.

4. Azelaic acid –

Azelaic acid is commonly used as an alternative to benzoyl peroxide because... has less irritating effect. This acid has both an antibacterial effect and an effect of exfoliating superficial dead skin cells.

Examples of drugs: Skinoren (Germany), Azogel (Russia), Acne-derma (Poland).

Features of use – gels with azelaic acid are used 2 times a day. The minimum course of treatment will be 1 month (this is the time during which you will see the desired effect), the standard course of use is 3 months.

Unlike benzoyl peroxide, this drug can be used in active sun and without the use of sunscreen, because Azelaic acid does not increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

In cystic forms of acne, azelaic acid has the effect of preventing the appearance of post-inflammatory skin pigmentation.

4. Isotretinoin –

Acne on the face: how to get rid of the most severe forms of this disease? For this, there are systemic retinoids, for example, Isotretinoin. It is taken orally in capsule form.

Analogues of Isotretinoin are the drugs Aknekutan (Fig. 20), Aknetin and Roaccutane.

This group of drugs is used exclusively for the treatment of cystic acne. The drug is impressively effective, but has a lot of side effects.

Course of the disease and complications of rosacea

The course of the disease is wavy: manifestations may disappear for a while, and then rosacea (rosacea) appears again. Exacerbation can be caused by hypothermia and overheating of the skin, prolonged exposure to the wind, sun, eating hot foods, as well as emotional outbursts.

Gradually, the duration of remissions decreases, and exacerbations become more frequent.

Rosacea(rosacea) progress and enter severe stages that are difficult to treat and complications appear. Rosacea causes eye diseases - keratitis, chalazion, blepharitis, which lead to vision impairment.

Rhinophyma, which is also a complication, disfigures the appearance and sometimes surgical intervention is required to get rid of this defect.

In this regard, when the disease appears, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist in order to promptly prevent the progression of the disease. Rosacea, which has varied symptoms, does not go away on its own.

Treatment should be comprehensive, it depends on the stage of the disease and is selected individually.

Prevention of rosacea

To prevent the disease, dermatologists recommend protecting your facial skin from excess insolation in summer time, from frost in winter, since radiation, overheating and hypothermia contribute to the appearance of rosacea (rosacea).

The exclusion of occupational hazards (work in construction, in hot shops and near the stove) is of great importance in the prevention of this disease.

Usage modern techniques, drug treatment, recipes traditional medicine allows you to gradually get rid of pustular rashes of any severity. The process is long, the success of treatment depends on many factors.

No two cases are alike, every patient requires individual approach. Sometimes rashes stay on the skin for several years.

At mild form It is possible to get rid of acne vulgaris in 2–3 months. Many suffer from acne before the end of puberty.

Therapy is designed to:

• reduce the manifestations of the disease;
• reduce the number of rashes;
• return (as much as possible) nice view skin.

Follow the rules:

• strengthen your immune system;
• eat right;
• carefully monitor facial and body hygiene;
• avoid stressful situations;
• touch your face with your hands less;
• keep a daily routine.

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For many thousands of teenagers, acne vulgaris is a real scourge that can poison the best years of life. Inflamed and red pimples, blackheads and dense white formations under the skin are all causes prolonged depression young people. Is it possible to somehow change the situation for the better or is treatment, in this case, pointless? We will try to understand the problem and determine how effective the treatment will be.

Acne vulgaris occurs immediately in most teenagers. Their formation is associated with an increase steroid hormones, which are produced by a young organism. Most of the processes responsible for the formation of acne are associated with this fact:

• Increased production of androgens, characteristic of both boys and girls, causes increased secretion of the sebaceous glands.
• The composition and consistency of the secretion also undergoes significant changes. skin glands. It becomes thicker and more viscous. Such thick sebum is much more difficult to release from the ducts, gradually clogging the pores. Oxidizing in the air, as well as under the influence of pollution, a plug is formed, which becomes the head of the comedone.
• Increased keratinization of the skin leads to the fact that the upper dead layer of the epithelium peels off too slowly. It creates additional conditions for the formation of acne.

If a teenager’s body is weakened, then the addition of a bacterial infection entails the formation of acne vulgaris. Favorable environment for the development of the inflammatory process, it creates sebum and epithelial particles. Against this background, bacterial agents multiply rapidly.

Several factors are of no small importance for the formation of acne vulgaris:

• Hormonal background. Changes in one direction or another contribute to a decrease in immunity, as well as changes in the functioning of the sebaceous glands.
• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory processes in the stomach or intestines can worsen the condition of the skin, reducing its resistance to bacterial agents.
• An unstable psychological or emotional background leads to constant stress, which leads to a decrease in skin resistance.
• Diseases endocrine system.
• Gynecological diseases.
• And much more.

Despite the abundance of predisposing factors, 1-2 are enough for the formation of acne, which will become the main ones for a particular person and his physiological state.

Symptoms of acne vulgaris

Experts divide acne into several varieties, each of which differs in appearance. Initially, there is a division according to the degree of inflammatory nature:

• Inflammatory. These include papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.
• Not inflammatory. Open and closed comedones.

So, let's look at each of them. Let's start with non-inflammatory forms, which come in two varieties:

• Closed comedones. This is a type of acne in which only a small dot is visible on the surface of the skin, and the duct of the sebaceous gland itself, filled with a thick secretion, remains under the skin. Depending on the degree of damage, closed comedones can be felt or visible with the naked eye.
• Open comedones. This type of acne vulgaris is also called blackheads, based on their appearance. The wide duct of the sebaceous gland remains open, and the accumulation of thick secretion has open access to the surface of the epidermis. As a result of oxidation processes and the addition of epithelial particles and surface contaminants, a strong and hard sebaceous plug is formed. It closes the gland duct and has a dark tint due to impurities on the skin. In most cases, open comedones are localized on the wings of the nose, cheeks, chin and forehead. Those. on the T-zone.

After the formation of comedones, in the presence of a bacterial infection, the inflammatory process begins. As a result, all acne gets different name, depending on the degree of its development:

• Papules. They occur when fatty acids are formed at the site of inflammation, irritating the follicle wall.
• Pustules. This education occurs when a bacterial infection is attached to the papule. A purulent process begins, which characterizes the pustule.
• Nodules. They are formed as a result of mechanical impact on the pustule and its rupture. And also if, during inflammation, fatty acids enter the blood. This situation can arise when you squeeze out pimples on your own.
• Cyst. The extreme stage of the inflammatory reaction, in which not only pronounced inflammation is noted, but also very significant pain.

Regardless of the degree of damage to the skin, you should complex treatment, as a result of which the skin will acquire a smooth and matte surface without the slightest traces of acne.

Treatment of acne vulgaris

When treating acne vulgaris, you should remember a few simple, but at the same time effective rules. It is their observance that will help get rid of acne as quickly as possible, as well as prevent the further development of the disease. So, what is necessary for the patient’s recovery:

• Examination by a specialist who can determine the cause of the inflammatory reactions. An endocrinologist, dermatologist and gynecologist will become the doctors on whom the patient’s healing may depend.
• Correction of hormonal levels, as a result of which you can significantly reduce the likelihood of new acne and stabilize the condition of the skin.
• A thorough and reliable cleansing, which in some cases must be carried out within the walls of a cosmetic clinic. In particularly advanced cases, it will not be possible to do without pores. The specialist will gently and without damaging the skin remove sebaceous plugs and carry out a series of procedures, the main purpose of which is to relieve inflammatory reactions, saturate it with moisture and increase its protective properties.
• Use of medications prescribed by a specialist. As a rule, the doctor, based on the condition of the skin and the severity of the lesion, prescribes a set of cosmetics or medications. Among them there are gels or foams for washing and creams that allow you to dry the top layer of skin and also saturate the inner layers with moisture. Using ideally selected cleansers allows you to prepare your skin for subsequent treatments.
• Nutrition. , with minimal inclusion of sugar and complex carbohydrates, will be a good help in treating the disease. Large amount of fiber fresh vegetables and fruits, minimal amounts of fried, smoked and fatty foods - this is the patient’s ideal diet.

Only strict execution of all doctor’s instructions and maximum compliance with recommendations will allow you to count on complete healing. The daily routine and diet will be an organic complement to treatment, because these two components will strengthen the immune system and strengthen the body’s defense in the fight against bacterial agents.

Acne vulgaris (acne) is a chronic skin disease that occurs more often in puberty and manifested by purulent-inflammatory changes in the sebaceous glands on the skin (face, back, chest).

Hyperandrogenism is a provoking factor, in response to which seborrhea and microcomedones appear. Then closed and open comedones and inflammatory elements quickly form.

Peak incidence is 15-18 years. In females it appears earlier than in males, but in the latter the disease is often more severe. In most cases, at the age of 18-20 years, the disease can spontaneously regress. In some cases, the disease becomes chronic with periods of exacerbation. The course of the disease and its outcome are accompanied by significant psychological stress and reduce the quality of life of patients.

Provoking factors:

• Genetic predisposition to endocrine diseases, pathologies of the reproductive system.
• Hereditary predisposition to acne.
• Manifestations of hyperandrogenism (seborrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypertrichosis, androgenic alopecia).
• Onset of the disease and its relationship with puberty.
• Menstrual dysfunction.
• Past diseases.
• The presence of foci of focal infection.
• Occupational factors (occupational hazards, hyperinsolation).

Clinical manifestations of acne vulgaris are polymorphic. Open and closed comedones form on the skin of the face (99%). Some comedones transform into papules or pustules (60%). Papulopustular rashes are localized on the face, neck, shoulders, chest (15%) and upper back (60%). Upon completion of the inflammatory process, scars or pigmentation remain on the skin (55%). Body dysmorphophobia and depression develop in 70% of patients.

Diagnosis of acne vulgaris

• Biochemical blood test.
• Study of hormone levels (luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, free testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydrotestosterone; prolactin, estradiol, thyroid hormones).
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• Ultrasound of the adrenal glands, testicles, prostate gland.
• Craniography/MRI of the brain (sella turcica), adrenal glands (exclusion of tumors of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands).

Differential diagnosis:

• Demodecosis.
• Folliculitis.
• Small nodular sarcoidosis.
• Lupus.
• Adenoma of the sebaceous glands (tuberous sclerosis).
• Papulopustular syphilide.

Treatment of acne vulgaris

• Sebostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Skin hygiene.
• For external therapy - topical retinoids, antibacterial drugs, combination drugs.
• Laser therapy, photodynamic therapy.

Treatment is prescribed only after confirmation of the diagnosis by a medical specialist.

Essential drugs

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

Dosage: the drug is taken orally, during meals, 1-2 times a day. The effectiveness and side effects of the drug depend on the individual characteristics of the body and dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dosage during treatment. The course of treatment with Roaccutane should begin with a dosage of 0.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. In most patients, the dosage ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. People with a complex form of the disease or acne of the trunk may need an increased daily dosage - up to 2.0 mg per kilogram per day. The frequency of remission and prevention of relapses are optimal when prescribing a course dose of 120-150 mg per kilogram, so the duration of the course in some patients varies depending on the daily dose. Complete remission of acne is often achieved within 16-24 weeks of therapy. Patients who do not tolerate the recommended dosage may continue treatment with a reduced dosage.

In most patients, acne completely disappears after one course of treatment. If a relapse occurs, a second course of Roaccutane therapy is prescribed with the same dosage as during the first course of treatment. Since the condition can improve up to 2 months after the patient stops taking the drug, a repeat course is prescribed no earlier than the end of this period.

Dosage: the drug in the form of a cream or gel is applied in an equal layer to areas with skin lesions 1 time per day before bedtime. The drug is applied to clean, dry skin. The maximum effect is noticeable after 4-8 weeks of therapy, lasting improvement - after 3 months from the start of treatment.

Dosage: Before applying benzoyl peroxide gel or lotion, the affected area should be washed and dried with a soft-bristle towel. Next, the drug is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin and rubbed in until completely absorbed. Be sure to wash your hands after use. If the skin is sensitive, the drug should be applied with extreme caution to avoid peeling and hypermia.

In the first week of the course, benzoyl peroxide is applied once a day; if the application does not produce results, benzoyl peroxide is applied 2 times a day. The use of the drug is not recommended for elderly people. The average duration of treatment with benzoyl peroxide is 8-10 weeks; It is not recommended to use the drug for more than 3 months.

In severe cases of the disease, external use of benzoyl peroxide is combined with other means for the treatment of acne (antibiotics for oral administration or retinoids).

Dosage: the drug is used orally, in the morning on an empty stomach, 1 time per day. The effectiveness of the drug depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the duration of administration and dosage. Therefore, the dosage is selected depending on weight, and the duration of the course depends on the degree of the disease and the rate of absorption of microelements. The initial and minimum course of treatment is 6 weeks, for rosacea - 8 weeks. Often the minimum course is sufficient. For moderate and severe stages, the course can be increased to 6 months in combination with external therapy. The drug is a homeopathic medicine based on macro- and microdoses of minerals. It has sebum-regulating, anti-inflammatory and keratolytic effects. The advantages of the drug include the absence of toxicity and compatibility with other types of therapy.

Acne vulgaris (synonyms: acne vulgaris, juvenile acne, acne) is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, usually occurring during puberty.

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease manifested by impaired keratinization of pilosebaceous follicles with a perifollicular inflammatory reaction.

Girls aged 10-17 years are affected, boys - 14-19 years old. Young men are most often affected by the severe form.

ICD-10 code

L70.0 Acne vulgaris

Causes of acne vulgaris

The risk group includes persons who frequently come into contact with lubricating oils, dioxin, and petroleum products. Among the drugs that cause the disease are lithium salts, phenytoin, corticosteroids (including for external use), per oral contraceptives. The disease is sometimes inherited polygenically.

In the development of the disease important role androgens and bacteria (Papionbacterium acne) play a role. Androgens, interacting with the sebaceous glands, stimulate the secretion of sebum (the level and composition of androgens are within physiological limits). Lipase, which bacteria contain, breaks down fats into free fatty acids. Excess sebum and fatty acids cause in the sebaceous glands and hair follicle inflammatory reaction. As a result, the walls of the follicle become keratinized and become clogged with sebaceous masses. If the mouth of the follicle is closed or narrowed, a whitehead (closed comedon) is formed; if it is open, the horny mass moves into the mouth of the follicle like a plug and a blackhead (open comedon) is formed. The black color of cork is given by melanin, a product of tyrosine oxidation. The stretched walls of the follicle can break through, while its contents (sebum, fats, keratin, free fatty acids) penetrate into the dermis and the inflammatory process begins. This is how papules, pustules, nodes are formed and, during healing, scars.

Increased sebum secretion, insufficient emptying of the sebaceous glands and hyperkeratinization of hair follicles are a prerequisite for clogging of the mouths of hair follicles with the formation of “blackheads” of comedones. Comedones occur with both liquid and thick oily seborrhea.

Pathomorphology

A comedon is a collection of dead skin cells, sebum and microorganisms. The follicular papule is characterized by the presence of a perifollicular infiltrate, consisting predominantly of lymphocytes. Small areas of destruction of the epithelial vaginal wall of the hair follicle may be observed.

A pustule, localized inside the follicle and containing predominantly neutrophilic granulocytes, is usually formed after the destruction of its wall, when the contents of the comedone enter the dermis. As a result, a granulomatous reaction develops with the appearance of macrophage elements and giant cells of foreign bodies. The perifollicular infiltrate can turn into a cyst containing a large number of neutrophil granulocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells with an admixture of giant cells of foreign bodies. Sometimes the latter are close to the keratin masses. The infiltrate is then replaced by fibrous tissue. The epidermis along the edges of the destroyed areas of the hair follicle can grow.

Histogenesis

Importance is given to increasing the activity of the sebaceous glands, primarily due to an increase in the concentration of androgens in the blood and/or a decrease in the level of androgen-binding protein; alpha reductase level 5; changes in microflora, primarily the colonization of follicles by Cotynebacterium acne, which produces bacterial lipase that breaks down lipids into fatty acids; increased keratinization of the epithelium of the sebaceous glandular apparatus; secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, etc.); hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms of acne vulgaris

Clinical picture polymorphic; comedones, papules, pustules, superficial and deep, with abscess formation and fusion into continuous infiltrated lesions, sometimes with fistulas, cysts and scar formation. It mainly affects the face and other so-called seborrheic areas. The disease develops mainly in adolescents; with age, the manifestations in most patients disappear without a trace or remain as superficial scars, only in relatively rare cases - keloids.

Special variants of acne vulgaris are: acne fulminans, observed predominantly in males, occurring acutely with fever, arthralgia, pustular-ulcerative lesions resistant to antibiotics; acne conglobata, which are a variant of chronic pyoderma, clinically manifested by fistulous abscessed lesions with scarring, located mainly in the area shoulder girdle, armpits and buttocks, and in some patients with the development of malignant neoplasms in these areas; acne necroticans, characterized by papulonecrotic rashes on the skin of the forehead, probably developing in individuals sensitized to pyococci; acne neonatorum in the form of acneiform rashes, mainly on the cheeks of newborns as a result of the hormonal effects of the mother’s body.

Rashes occur without disturbance general condition and are more often localized on the skin of the face, chest, back, i.e., in seborrheic areas. The clinical picture manifests itself in the form of hemispherical nodules of pink or pink-red color, the size of a pinhead to a pea (papular acne). Papules quickly transform into pustules of various sizes, after resolution of which dried yellow crusts form on the surface. At the site of resolution of acne vulgaris, pigmentation or a superficial scar usually remains. Conglobate acne is observed when the suppurative process begins from the deep layers of the skin, and hemispherical fluctuating nodes are formed. After a few weeks, the nodes open to form a cavity, from which a viscous yellow-green color is released. purulent fluid. After healing, deep scars remain in place of large conglobate acne.

Sometimes acne vulgaris begins acutely with a disturbance in the general condition of the patient (general weakness, headaches, arthralgia, fever). In this case, numerous acne and abscess nodes appear.

IN adolescence Skin problems often occur. But many adults are also tormented by the question of how to get rid of acne. This is for real not an easy task, and without an integrated approach it cannot be dealt with. After all, skin problems can be caused not only by improper care, but also internal reasons, chronic diseases, stress or hormonal imbalances.

Teenage acne

When the body is rebuilt, preparing to perform new functions for it, production begins large quantity hormones. They influence the development of the genital organs and all secondary characteristics that distinguish men and women. But besides direct action, the hormonal surge has a strong effect on the skin: sebum production increases. Even if the pores become clogged and the secretions cannot leave the gland duct, it continues to work in enhanced mode. An infection will sooner or later develop in a clogged follicle. This is how acne vulgaris is formed. The photo below shows the stages of this process.

What types of acne are there?

There are several types of acne. They differ in appearance and degree of skin damage.

Papules. Small, inflamed lumps that are conical or hemispherical in shape, often with a black dot in the center.

Pustules. A blister filled with pus appears on the surface of the eel. Such pimples dry out and disappear after a few days, leaving a pigment spot or a small scar.

Indurative acne. These are deep, usually painful infiltrates. On the outside, they look like bluish spots that rise slightly above the surface of the skin. These acne leaves noticeable scars.

Conglobate acne. If there are several indurated eels nearby, they can unite.

Mechanism of acne appearance

There are four main factors that trigger acne vulgaris. The photo shows all stages of this process.

Seborrhea. Simply put, excess sebum. Seborrhea can be liquid, when fat easily comes out of the ducts, and the face becomes shiny. On such skin superficial acne develops: papules and pustules. With thick seborrhea, sebum accumulates deep in the gland ducts. Indurative and conglobate acne forms, that is, subcutaneous acne. Their treatment is complicated by the fact that the process is localized quite deeply, and local remedies are often ineffective.

Violation of keratinization. Too many dead cells accumulate in the follicle. Mixing with sebum, they form a plug. This is what can be seen on the surface of the skin in the form of a black dot.

Infection. A variety of bacteria live on the skin, which are not dangerous. healthy person. But if favorable conditions are formed (a clogged follicle with a nutrient medium), microorganisms will definitely take advantage of them.

Causes of acne formation

Although the skin is exposed to many external influences, they are not always the main factor in the development of acne. If you have acne on your face, the reasons may lie deep inside. In adults, skin problems arise due to infectious diseases internal organs. Often persistent colds and chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx spread to the skin of the cheekbones and cheeks. In this case, the tonsils act as a reservoir for infection. Inflammation of the kidneys, gonads, and digestive organs also affects skin health and provokes acne vulgaris. These causes can be easily eliminated by treating the underlying disease. Perhaps then the skin problem will go away without additional effort.

Another factor is constant intoxication of the body. If a person eats a lot of canned, highly processed foods containing various food additives, unnecessary, and sometimes harmful substances can accumulate in the body. The retention of toxins is facilitated by low fiber content in the diet, irregular bowel movements, and constipation. In this case, there is no better remedy for acne than a special diet.

The effect of hormones on acne

If an adult develops acne vulgaris, it makes sense to conduct an examination of the endocrine system. The reason may lie in a malfunction of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands or ovaries. Estrogens and oxytocin have a positive effect on the skin, androgens and progesterone have a negative effect. As you know, both are present in both men and women. Acne rosacea and acne vulgaris are often hormonal in nature. It's all about the sensitivity of skin receptors to androgens. The concentration of these hormones often increases during adolescence, and adults also experience hormonal imbalances. In women, the content of “bad” hormones in the blood increases before menstruation, sometimes during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Taking hormonal contraceptives has a dual effect on the skin. Sometimes gynecologists even advise taking them to eliminate acne. But before prescribing such pills, it is necessary to undergo tests and fully find out what the patient’s hormonal background is. For some, oral contraceptives help make their skin perfect, while for others, on the contrary, they cause acne. After giving them up, a hormonal imbalance also occurs, leading to increased oily skin. Individual characteristics the body causes such different reactions.

If acne appears every time before your period, this is a sign of a decrease in estrogen levels. These hormones not only protect the skin from acne, but also make it more toned and fresh; under their influence, the body gets rid of excess fluid, that is, swelling. To stabilize estrogen levels, doctors prescribe vitamin E in the second phase of the menstrual cycle.

"Map" of eels

There is a certain connection between the area of ​​the face where acne appears and the problems of internal organs.

Acne on the cheeks near the nose - you need to check your lungs. Smoking, allergies, or overheating may be causing negative impact to these areas of the skin. To eliminate problems, you need to follow a diet, avoid eating oxidizing foods - meat, sugar, coffee. Eat more green vegetables and exercise outdoors.

If there are enlarged pores on the face, inflammation and swelling on the nose, this may indicate heart problems. You need to refrain from spicy foods and enrich your diet with vitamin B and omega-3 acids.

Acne appears on the temples and cheekbones when the liver is overloaded and dehydrated. Need to drink more clean water to restore excretory function.

Pimples on the upper forehead are a reason to pay attention to the digestive system. You need to reduce the amount of refined foods, processed foods and fats, eat more vegetable salads and fruits.

Inflammation below the corners of the lips on the side of the chin indicates hormonal problems. Before menstruation, acne usually occurs in this area. Sometimes this is a sign of pelvic inflammatory disease. In addition to basic treatment, it is advisable to eliminate stress, get good sleep and establish proper nutrition.

Pimples on the tip of the chin can signal a problem with the functioning of the stomach. In this case, cleansing the body with enough water in the diet, strengthening the immune system with herbal tea and vitamin drinks will help.

Acne on the face: how to get rid of it?

Therapy is selected depending on the degree of skin damage. Comprehensive measures include:

• normalization of the keratinization process in the follicle;
• elimination of infection;
• suppression of sebum secretion;
• relieving inflammation;
• Regular cleansing of the skin from impurities and dead particles.

WITH mild degree Acne can also be treated with external acne treatments. Time-tested products have proven themselves well: salicylic, zinc, ichthyol ointments. Some pharmacies make special formulations for acne - talkers, which are a mixture of antibiotics for external use.

Modern remedies for acne on the face contain various substances. For example, the drug "Skinoren" acts due to azelaic acid. It successfully fights microorganisms on the skin and reduces sebum secretion, while normalizing the keratinization process. The product "Zinerit" contains the antibiotic erythromycin and is in a good way solutions to the problem of how to get rid of acne.

For moderate damage, the doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics. Erythromycin, doxycycline or tetracycline are commonly used. You need to take them for at least a month and only as prescribed by a doctor. After all, long-term treatment with antibiotics can develop undesirable consequences for the body.

In severe cases, when large areas of the face and body are affected by deep inflamed nodes and infiltrates, treatment of acne requires the use of drugs containing large doses of retinoids. These drugs have contraindications, for example, they cannot be used by pregnant or lactating women. Vitamin A large doses causes abnormalities in fetal development. After a course of treatment, doctors do not recommend planning a pregnancy for 3 months, since retinoids accumulate in the body and are not eliminated immediately.

Treating acne at home

Traditional medicine offers various remedies for acne on the face and body. Their common disadvantage is that they are all quite troublesome to use.

• Aloe. This plant actively fights infection and inflammation. For the procedure, you need to squeeze out aloe juice and soak gauze folded in four layers with it. Apply a compress to the affected area. Aloe extracts pus even from deep acne, but you just need to carry out at least 40 daily procedures.
• Propolis tincture. Needs to be lubricated at night problem areas alcohol tincture propolis. In the morning, it is recommended to cleanse the skin with lotion. The course of treatment is 30 days.
• Cottage cheese. Fermented milk products are an excellent remedy against acne. Soft homemade cottage cheese helps to remove subcutaneous acne and stains from them. The compress should be prepared as follows. Place cottage cheese on a napkin or gauze in a layer of 0.5 cm. The density and thickness of the napkin should be such that it absorbs excess liquid from cottage cheese. When applying a compress to the acne area, you need to cover it with a film, and then strengthen and insulate it with a scarf or some kind of comfortable bandage. Keep the compress for at least an hour, but it is better to leave it overnight. At first, about a week, you need to do this every day. Then you can give your skin a little rest.
• Lemon. Its bactericidal properties are known to everyone. How to treat acne vulgaris with this fruit? You can make compresses from lemon juice for 10-15 minutes. In addition to suppressing infection, the acid partially dissolves sebaceous plugs and dead cells, removes age spots and refreshes the skin. You can simply wipe your face with a slice of lemon twice a day after washing your face. During such treatment, you should use sunscreen and avoid prolonged exposure to bright sun. Citric acid makes the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

Masks for blackheads

How to get rid of acne? It's better to prevent them from appearing. If there is no inflammation on the skin, but there are contaminated comedones, they can be dealt with at home. Before using any mask, you need to steam your skin a little to open the pores and make them easier to clean. But it is worth remembering: inflamed acne cannot be heated, this will only worsen the problem. When the skin is prepared, you need to apply one of the masks against blackheads, massaging the problem areas.

Recipe 1. Mash a small red tomato with a fork and mix with beaten egg white. Apply for 20 minutes.

Recipe 2. Beat egg whites with a tablespoon of sugar and apply to face. When the mask begins to dry out, perform a cleansing massage: press your fingers to the skin and sharply tear them off. Sweet protein glues dirt and dead cells together, and with massage they come off.

Recipe 3. You can make a fragrant scrub from ground coffee and sour cream. Just don’t apply it to painful acne. Coffee removes dead cells, and sour cream softens the skin. You may not even need to apply cream after scrubbing.

How to remove acne spots?

Finding a way to get rid of acne is half the battle. A scar or pigment spot remains at the site of the pimple, which can last up to a year. Correct and timely treatment acne vulgaris reduces these unpleasant phenomena. If the stain still remains, homemade masks will help get rid of it faster.

Recipe 1. Make a paste of cinnamon powder and honey mixed in equal parts. Apply the composition only to stains and leave for 20 minutes.

Recipe 2. You can wipe stains with a mixture of rosemary, clove, mint and lavender essential oils. To do this you need a teaspoon vegetable oil dissolve 2 drops of rosemary oil, take the rest 1 drop each.

Recipe 3: Cucumber juice will help lighten your skin. You can apply a cucumber pulp mask to the spots for 10-15 minutes.

Diet against acne

Nutrition has a huge impact on skin health. If gastritis or another disease of the digestive system provokes acne, the appropriate specialist will tell you how to treat it. Doctors have developed nutritional recommendations during acute periods or chronic forms of diseases such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and dysbacteriosis. In any case, a balanced diet helps cure acne vulgaris and see results faster.

Fats. What should be limited first of all, of course, is fatty and fried foods. It stimulates the activity of the sebaceous glands. Cheeses in this regard cause great controversy among nutritionists. On the one hand, it is a source of calcium and protein, on the other, it is a product containing a lot of fat. Therefore, during treatment for acne, you should avoid cheese and whole milk. Some experts believe that acne can be caused by hormones contained in milk.

Sweets and baked goods. You need to minimize these products. Sugar also activates the sebaceous glands and promotes inflammation. Flour products slow down bowel movements, retain toxins in the body and often lead to constipation. Any products with high glycemic index Contraindicated for problem skin. It is better to replace sweets with dried fruits, and sweet sodas with natural juices and decoctions.

Fiber. You just need to ensure a constant supply of dietary fiber from food. Vegetables, greens, and fruits contain fiber, which cleanses the intestines, speeds up its work, removing everything unnecessary from the body. You can buy bran at the pharmacy and add it to porridge and other dishes daily. Valuable sources of fiber are oatmeal and buckwheat. These are the most healthy cereals to combat acne.

There is no special diet for acne; proper nutrition must be established. It is good to include foods such as fresh carrots and cabbage in your diet. These vegetables provide the body with vitamins A and C, as well as fiber, necessary for the skin. Infusions of rose hips and chamomile are useful for those who want to get rid of acne.

Blackhead removal at spa

Many people prefer to trust the health of their skin to cosmetologists. Many have been developed effective procedures, which not only remove unwanted inflamed elements and sebaceous plugs, but significantly improve appearance faces.

Peeling with glycolic acid. This substance is often used to remove acne. Other alpha hydroxy acids are also used, which are obtained from natural products such as milk and fruits. Dead cells under the influence of such peeling are easily separated from each other. They are removed from the skin along with excess oil and impurities, freeing up the pores.

Extraction. The procedure begins with a steam bath for the face. This opens the pores, making it easier to remove impurities. Then the cosmetologist removes pimples and comedones using special tool- extractor. Finally, a toner is applied to prevent inflammation and tightening of pores.

Exfoliation. This is a mechanical method of removing the surface layer of dead cells. To cleanse the skin, use a scrub or a special device - an exfoliator. This skin exfoliation is usually used in combination with other acne treatments.

Galvanic procedures. The procedure involves constantly exposing the skin to a low voltage current. It is combined with other methods of facial cleansing and rejuvenation. This removes acne and other blemishes. To perform galvanic procedures, a cosmetologist requires training and experience.

Is a lot of sun good or bad?

They say that acne goes away in the summer from tanning. This is not always the case. sun rays dry out the skin, so a little exposure can be beneficial. But you shouldn’t overuse it: in response, the sebaceous glands increase fat production. The desire to get a good tan often aggravates acne on the face. How to get rid of acne spots? Just during treatment, forget about tanning and use sunscreen. The thing is that the place where the pimple was recently tans more than the surrounding healthy skin and becomes much darker. This is how a stain appears, which is then difficult to remove.

How to prevent acne?

If you have figured out how to get rid of acne and have successfully dealt with it, you should not relax. The tendency to have skin problems is here to stay. If there are errors in diet or care, they can return. Therefore, you need to constantly take care of your health. These are the main conditions for beautiful skin.

• Don't wash your face too often. Even if your skin is oily, excessive cleanliness It won't help her, but it will reduce her protective properties and resistance to infections. You need to use soft gels and foams for washing no more than twice a day. And you should wash your hands more often, and never touch your face with dirty hands.
• Don't squeeze out blackheads! You will not eliminate the causes of acne, but new problems will be added. The infection may go deeper into the skin or spread to nearby comedones. When squeezing out sebaceous plugs, pores stretch even more. Removing inflamed acne and blisters with purulent contents leads to the formation of scars. It is better to wait until the pimple dries itself, then the mark from it will be less noticeable.
• Consistently eat fresh fruits and fiber-rich vegetables, raw and stewed.
• Use high-quality cosmetics. Do not overuse blush and powder - they contaminate the pores. Makeup should always be removed carefully.

Treating acne is a difficult task. But you can cope with even the deepest and painful acne. It is better to contact a dermatologist who will choose the right treatment. The main thing is to follow all skin care recommendations and eat right. This will help to further maintain the health and beauty of your skin.