Causes of conjunctivitis from a runny nose in a child. Viral conjunctivitis. When your eyes hurt due to a cold

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Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye caused by for various reasons. In principle, the correct name for the disease is conjunctivitis, but this spelling is complex and unusual for perception, therefore in the further text of the article the familiar term “conjunctivitis” will be used.

Conjunctivitis in children over one year of age - general characteristics of the disease

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, which is called conjunctiva. The conjunctiva protects the deep structures of the eye from negative effects various factors environment, and anatomically it is a transparent film that covers the entire anterior surface of the eyeball, as well as the posterior wall of the upper and lower eyelids, adjacent directly to the eye.

When any pathogenic, opportunistic microorganisms or irritating substances enter the conjunctiva, it becomes inflamed, which is accompanied by typical clinical symptoms. Since children very often rub their eyes with their hands, play in the dust, take dirty toys and introduce a huge number of microbes into them in other ways, conjunctivitis also occurs in childhood are quite common diseases.

Children are susceptible to conjunctivitis not only due to the openness of the eye to numerous negative factors environment and behavioral characteristics of children, but also due to the immaturity of the mechanisms of general and local immunity. This means that conjunctivitis in a child can occur due to the penetration of pathogenic microbes from the ENT organs during a common cold, since the mechanisms of local immunity do not neutralize them. However, this eye disease in children it occurs in exactly the same way as in adults and is treated according to the same algorithms and principles.

Conjunctivitis in an infant - general characteristics of the process and algorithm of action for adults when signs of eye inflammation appear

Conjunctivitis in an infant is a serious pathology that requires treatment in a specialized hospital department, since the immune mechanisms are too immature. Since the conjunctiva of an infant is very tender and vulnerable, it easily becomes inflamed even with mild exposure to environmental factors. In addition, the risk of developing severe complications of conjunctivitis in infant very high. Therefore, when the first signs appear eye inflammation For a child under one year of age, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor or an ambulance. For an infant Before the ambulance arrives, you can only wash your eyes saline solution, purchased at a pharmacy or made independently (1 spoon of salt per liter of boiled water).

Conjunctivitis in newborns

In newborns, conjunctivitis is always infectious and develops due to two main reasons:
1. Infection during passage through the mother's birth canal.
2. Infection at the hands of medical personnel who provided assistance during childbirth to the mother.

As you can see, the source of infection for the development of conjunctivitis in a newborn child is the mother or medical personnel who do not follow the rules of antiseptics. However, most often the child is infected by a mother suffering from untreated sexually transmitted infections. Typically, a newborn is infected with chlamydia or gonococci present in the genital tract of the mother. In this case, conjunctivitis develops literally in the first days after birth and requires treatment in a hospital setting, since it is potentially dangerous for the baby. Treatment of chlamydial or gonococcal (gonoblenorrhea) conjunctivitis in newborns lasts up to 2–3 months.

Currently, to prevent conjunctivitis in newborns, in the first hours after birth, infants are given eye drops with specially prepared antibiotic solutions. This practice makes it possible to effectively prevent conjunctivitis in newborns, reducing the likelihood of their development to 1 - 2%, even if the baby was born to a woman suffering from untreated sexually transmitted infections.

Types of conjunctivitis in children

Currently, depending on the nature of the causative factor, they distinguish following types conjunctivitis:

Bacterial conjunctivitis;
Chlamydial conjunctivitis;
Viral conjunctivitis;
Fungal conjunctivitis;
Allergic conjunctivitis;
Contact conjunctivitis.

Bacterial, viral, chlamydial and fungal conjunctivitis are classified as infectious, since they are provoked by various types of pathogenic microorganisms. Allergic conjunctivitis is associated with the development allergic reaction, which manifests itself in inflammation of the eye. Contact conjunctivitis is a large and very heterogeneous group of inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the eye, resulting from contact with irritating environmental factors, for example, dust, dirt, water, etc.

Children often develop contact conjunctivitis after visiting pools or swimming in open water, since water coming into contact with the eyes irritates them and provokes an inflammatory process. However, 70–80% of conjunctivitis in children are viral or bacterial. Allergic conjunctivitis in children develops relatively rarely, and fungal conjunctivitis develops very rarely.

Based on the nature of the inflammatory process, conjunctivitis in children is divided into acute and chronic. As a rule, children have acute conjunctivitis, which begins suddenly and ends after 5 - 7 days or 2 - 3 weeks, depending on the cause of the inflammatory process, full recovery. Chronic conjunctivitis in children is very rare.

Depending on the nature of the inflammatory process and morphological changes In the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

Catarrhal conjunctivitis (there is only mucous discharge without admixture of pus);
Purulent conjunctivitis (discharge contains pus);
Membranous conjunctivitis (thin films form on the surface of the mucous membrane);
Follicular conjunctivitis (on the mucous membrane upper eyelid small pinkish vesicles called follicles form).

For children, the most common are catarrhal and membranous conjunctivitis, usually provoked by viral infections. In second place in terms of frequency of occurrence in children are purulent conjunctivitis, which is provoked by bacteria. Follicular conjunctivitis is rare, but has the most severe course, as a result of which it requires effective therapy in the eye department of the hospital. Follicular conjunctivitis in children is usually provoked by the herpes virus.

Causes of conjunctivitis in children

The causes of conjunctivitis in children may be the following groups of factors that can provoke an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye:
1. Infectious factors:

Pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria(staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.);
Chlamydia;
Viruses (adenoviruses and herpes viruses);
Pathogenic fungi.

2. Allergens (for example, pollen, contact lens material, washing powder, etc.).
3. Irritating factors (eye contact with water, dust, gases, etc.).
4. Long course inflammatory diseases ENT organs (for example, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc.).

All of the listed causes of conjunctivitis cause the disease only if they manage to get onto the mucous membrane of the child’s eye. Unfortunately, a child constantly rubs his eyes, is in contact with other children and numerous potentially irritating substances, which makes the risk of developing conjunctivitis very high compared to that of an adult.

How is conjunctivitis transmitted in children?

Only infectious conjunctivitis can be transmitted from one person to another, since it is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Bacterial (pseudomonas, staphylococcal, chlamydial, gonococcal, meningococcal, etc.) conjunctivitis is most often transmitted through dirty hands and household items (for example, towels, toys, clothes, etc.). Thus, children can become infected with bacterial conjunctivitis from each other during close contact, for example, hugging, kissing, sharing the same toys, etc. Naturally, during play, children come into very close contact with each other, so infection with bacterial conjunctivitis occurs quite easily, as a result of which the infection is transmitted a large number babies from one patient.

Viral conjunctivitis can be isolated or develop against the background of any viral infection(for example, measles, rubella, influenza, ARVI, etc.). Isolated viral conjunctivitis develops when the virus enters directly into the mucous membrane of the eye. However, conjunctivitis often develops against the background of a viral infection and is called associated. This happens because viruses easily enter the eyes from the ENT organs (nose, mouth, throat, etc.). In this case, conjunctivitis is considered one of the symptoms of a current viral infection, for example, measles, chickenpox or adenovirus. Transmission of isolated and associated conjunctivitis occurs by contact or airborne droplets.

Allergic conjunctivitis is determined by individual characteristics of functioning immune system child, and contact depends on the effect of various potentially irritating substances on the mucous membrane of the eye. Therefore, a child with allergic or contact conjunctivitis is not dangerous to others, because the disease will not be transmitted to other children under any circumstances.

Conjunctivitis in children - symptoms

General symptoms of any conjunctivitis in children

Any type of conjunctivitis is characterized by general nonspecific symptoms, such as:

Edema of the conjunctiva;
Redness of the conjunctiva and ciliary margin of the eyelids;
lacrimation;
Photophobia.

These symptoms are present to varying degrees of severity in any type of conjunctivitis. It is their presence that makes it possible to diagnose inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye in a child. However, “conjunctivitis” is only half of the diagnosis, since to create a complete picture it is necessary to clarify the nature of the inflammatory process occurring on the mucous membrane of the eye, for example, viral, bacterial, allergic or contact. To identify the nature of conjunctivitis, it is necessary to analyze certain symptoms inherent in various types of inflammation of the ocular mucosa. These symptoms are unique to certain types conjunctivitis and are therefore called specific. Let's consider specific symptoms various types of conjunctivitis in children.

Conjunctivitis in a child - how many days does it last?

The duration of conjunctivitis depends on its type. So, viral conjunctivitis in most cases it lasts 5–7 days, but in severe cases, recovery can take up to 10–21 days. Usually, herpetic conjunctivitis is long-lasting and difficult, while adenoviral conjunctivitis, on the contrary, is relatively easy and quick.

Bacterial (purulent) conjunctivitis can last from 3 weeks to 2 months, depending on what pathogen provoked its appearance. The longest (up to 2 months) and most severe conjunctivitis is caused by meningococcus, diphtheria bacillus and gonococcus. Other bacterial conjunctivitis usually lasts 3 to 5 weeks.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis can last from 10 to 21 days, depending on the individual characteristics of the reactivity of the child’s immune system.

Allergic conjunctivitis can last for years, with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations, if it is not possible to completely remove the factor that provokes the development of a hypersensitivity reaction.

Bacterial conjunctivitis in children

Bacterial conjunctivitis in children can be provoked by various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria. Most often, bacterial conjunctivitis is provoked by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci, gonococci, meningococci and the causative agent of diphtheria. Regardless of the specific microorganism that causes it, all bacterial conjunctivitis occurs with purulent discharge. It is the presence of pus that distinguishes bacterial conjunctivitis from any other.

The first symptom of bacterial conjunctivitis is the appearance of cloudy, viscous discharge from the eye - pus. The pus may be yellow or gray in color. Depending on the consistency of the discharge, it can be viscous or liquid. Typically, purulent discharge accumulates in the folds or on the ciliary edge of the eyelids. After a night's sleep, it is difficult for a child to open his eyes because pus sticks them together.

To others characteristic symptom Bacterial conjunctivitis is severe dryness of the skin around the eye. Rest nonspecific symptoms with bacterial conjunctivitis, such as swelling and redness of the conjunctiva and skin of the eyelids, lacrimation and photophobia are also present, but their severity may vary. In severe cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, the child experiences pain and a sensation of a foreign body in the eye.

Purulent conjunctivitis in children

Purulent conjunctivitis in children is always bacterial and can be primary or secondary. Primary conjunctivitis develops when a pathogenic microbe directly enters the mucous membrane of the eye, and secondary conjunctivitis is a complication of diseases of the ENT organs or other types of conjunctivitis. The symptoms of purulent conjunctivitis are exactly the same as those of bacterial conjunctivitis, namely:

The presence of purulent discharge in the eyes;
Sticking of eyelids after sleep;
Severe swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids, which become very dense to the touch;
lacrimation;
Injection of the sclera of the eye (redness);
Infiltrates and pinpoint hemorrhages on the conjunctiva, visible in the form of small brick-brown dots.

Viral conjunctivitis in children

Viral conjunctivitis in children in the vast majority of cases is combined with colds caused by various viruses. Therefore, viral conjunctivitis is often combined with rhinitis, sore throat, high fever, cough and other symptoms of ARVI. When infected with an adenovirus, a child develops the classic triad - conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and heat. This manifestation of a viral infection is called adenopharyngoconjunctival fever. Less common is isolated viral conjunctivitis, when only the eyes are affected. A typical isolated viral conjunctivitis is herpetic conjunctivitis. Children most often develop adenoviral or herpetic conjunctivitis.

Any viral conjunctivitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

Severe lacrimation;
Redness of the skin of the eyelids;
Swelling of the skin of the eyelids;
Conjunctival injection ( redness of the eye);
Scanty mucous discharge, often forming films that are easily removed from the surface of the conjunctiva without leaving damage;
Numerous infiltrates gray in the mucous membrane of the eye.

With viral conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids is less pronounced than with bacterial conjunctivitis. But the redness can be very strong. A characteristic feature severe course of viral conjunctivitis is the formation of small blisters on the mucous membrane of the eye in the upper eyelid. Such vesicles are called follicles and indicate deep defeat mucous membrane, which can spread to other parts of the eye, causing severe complications. Therefore, if follicles appear, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis in children

Chlamydial conjunctivitis in children is provoked by the contact of chlamydia on the mucous membrane of the eyes - microorganisms that occupy an intermediate position between bacteria and viruses. Chlamydia can be transmitted sexually or through contact and everyday life. A child becomes infected with chlamydia through contact and household contact, using toiletries and personal hygiene items, clothing, bedding, etc., shared with the carrier of the germs. Most often, a child becomes infected with chlamydia when visiting public swimming pools or baths. In addition, a child can become infected with chlamydia while passing through the mother's birth canal.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis begins with severe photophobia. Then, over a short period of time, severe swelling and redness of the lower and upper eyelids develop. By the 2nd day of illness, the conjunctiva was severely hyperemic. The most pronounced inflammatory process occurs in the fold of the lower eyelid, where a small amount of mucopurulent discharge accumulates. After sleep, the child’s eyelids are glued together, and dried yellow-gray crusts are visible on the eyelash edge. In principle, chlamydial conjunctivitis belongs to the group of bacterial ones, therefore its course is the same as that of inflammation provoked by pathogenic bacteria.

Allergic conjunctivitis in children

Allergic conjunctivitis in children is relatively rare. With allergic conjunctivitis, the child does not have any discharge from the eyes, since the inflammatory process is not associated with infection. With allergic conjunctivitis, the child will be bothered by severe, unbearable itching in the eyes, but mild swelling and slight redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids. Sometimes there is pain in the eye, especially after prolonged and strong rubbing of the eyes with your hands.

The characteristic symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, which always develop in a child and allow one to distinguish this type inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye from others are as follows:

Swelling and redness of the mucous membrane of the eye;
lacrimation;
Swelling of the eyelids;
Itchy eyes.

Contact conjunctivitis in children

Contact conjunctivitis in children can develop after crying for a long time and rubbing their eyes with their hands, after playing on a dusty street, after sitting near an open fire, etc. In other words, any factor that can irritate the eyes can provoke contact conjunctivitis in a child. The most characteristic symptom of contact conjunctivitis is pain in the eye, and all other symptoms are relatively mild. The child may also complain of a feeling of sand in the eyes, moderate and intermittent itching, and fatigue when reading. The redness of the eyelids and swelling are very mild and are visible only upon careful examination of the child’s eyes.

Temperature with conjunctivitis in children

Conjunctivitis under the age of 7 years is quite often accompanied by an increase in temperature, which is due to the peculiarities of the reaction mechanisms of the immune system of the child’s body. Therefore, temperature with conjunctivitis in a child is a completely normal manifestation of an inflammatory disease.

If conjunctivitis is not combined with symptoms of various respiratory diseases (for example, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute respiratory infections, etc.), then the increase in temperature is a reflection of the child’s body’s reaction to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. The temperature in such a situation will drop after the conjunctivitis begins to stop.

If conjunctivitis is combined with diseases of the upper respiratory tract(sore throat, rhinitis, pharyngitis, etc.), colds or any common infections(for example, measles, chickenpox, rubella, etc.), then the temperature is caused precisely by these pathologies, and not by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. In such a situation, the temperature will normalize when the child begins to recover from the underlying illness.

For children, the combination of conjunctivitis with respiratory diseases is a fairly common course of infection, which is due to anatomical features structure of ENT organs and eyes. If a child develops conjunctivitis with every cold, snot, or acute respiratory viral infection, this is his individual feature, which is a variant of the norm. In such a situation, it is necessary to treat the cold, and the eyes can simply be washed, since special therapy not required.

Snot and conjunctivitis in a child

If a child has a combination of snot and conjunctivitis, this indicates that various microbes penetrate from the nasal cavity into the eyes through the nose. tear duct. The fact is that the nose and eye are connected via the nasolacrimal duct, the main purpose of which is to carry tears into the nose. This is why, after crying, a person develops mucus in the nose, which is referred to as “crying snot.” However, various microbes can penetrate from the eye to the nose and back through this channel. That is why, with various respiratory infections and diseases of the ENT organs, including rhinitis, a child may develop conjunctivitis. This condition is normal and does not require any special treatment. When a child’s snot is accompanied by conjunctivitis, it is they that need to be treated, and not the inflammation of the eye. In such a situation, it is enough to simply rinse the eyes periodically several times a day with any non-irritating solutions (for example, saline solution, boiled water, Furacilin at a dilution of 1:1000, etc.).

Conjunctivitis in children - photo

The photograph shows purulent bacterial conjunctivitis with a characteristic yellow discharge that sticks together the eyelids.

The photo shows allergic conjunctivitis.

The photo shows viral conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis in children - principles of treatment

In most cases, conjunctivitis is a harmless disease that can be treated at home. However, sometimes conjunctivitis can pose a serious danger to the child due to high risk development of complications. In such situations, you should consult a doctor to get qualified treatment, aimed at preventing damage to the deep structures of the eye, which can lead to irreversible changes, including complete or partial blindness. Thus, every adult raising a child should know in what cases conjunctivitis is dangerous, and when it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor, and not try to treat it at home using the usual methods. So, if a child has conjunctivitis as a result of following symptoms, you should urgently call an ambulance, as this is dangerous:
1. The child is less than one year old;
2. Within two days from the onset of the disease there is no improvement;
3. Photophobia even with slight redness of the eye;
4. Eye pain;
5. Deterioration of vision;
6. The appearance of pale pink small bubbles (follicles) on the mucous membrane of the eye in the upper eyelid.

You should call a doctor if at least one of the above symptoms appears. If these symptoms are absent, then conjunctivitis in a child can be treated at home, having previously established its cause (viral, bacterial or allergic) based on clinical symptoms. Knowing the cause of conjunctivitis is necessary for proper and effective treatment.

In the process of treating any type of conjunctivitis, you will have to bury and rinse the child’s eyes. This must be done correctly, observing the following rules:

Don’t worry or yell at your child, show by your own example that there is nothing bad or unpleasant about putting eye drops;
Always treat and apply drops to both eyes, even if only one is affected. This is necessary to prevent infection of the second eye;
Before each eye drop or eye wash, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water;
Immediately before instillation, place the child on his back in a position that is comfortable for him;
Place your index finger on the upper eyelid and your thumb on the lower eyelid, then gently stretch them apart. The lower eyelid should be pulled back so that the pocket underneath is exposed;
With your second hand, without touching the eyelashes or the surface of the eye, drop the medicine directly into the pocket of the lower eyelid as close as possible to the outer corner;
Remove your fingers from your eyelids and ask your child not to close their eyes. Explain to him in advance that he should either blink or try to keep his eye open, but not squint, because otherwise the medicine will leak out;
If it is not possible to open the child’s eyes for instillation, then 2–3 drops of the medicine should be applied directly to the closed eyes. upper eyelids at the inner corner. In this case, the child will reflexively open his eyes, as a result of which part of the medicine will reach its destination;
When using ointment, it should be placed with a clean index finger under the lower eyelid;
To remove mucous or purulent discharge from the eyes, it is necessary to rinse them with various non-irritating solutions (for example, saline solution, Furacilin, etc.);
For rinsing, clean gauze wipes should be used, and a new one should be taken to treat each eye;
A gauze napkin is soaked in the solution and wiped over the eyes from the outer corner to the inner one. After each wiping, change the tampon to a new one. Wipe the child's eyes until the ciliary edge of the eyelid is cleared of pus or mucus;
After removing mucus or pus from the eyelid, clean the corner of the eye.

You cannot use cotton swabs to treat the eye, as they can leave small particles on the surface of the conjunctiva or eyelid, which will aggravate and aggravate the course of the inflammatory process. Also, you should not apply any compresses to the eye to treat conjunctivitis, as this will create favorable conditions for the proliferation of bacteria, which will aggravate the course of inflammation.

To wash the eye, you can use any non-irritating liquid, such as saline solution, chamomile infusion, tea, boiled water etc. You can buy at the pharmacy and use antiseptic solutions for ophthalmic practice to wash the eyes, such as Vitabact, 2% boric acid, Furacilin diluted 1: 1000, Oxycyanate, etc.

The above rules apply when treating any type of conjunctivitis in a child. In addition to them, in the complex therapy of conjunctivitis it is necessary to use certain medications to eliminate the cause of inflammation, such as antibiotics, antiviral or antiallergic drugs. All these remedies are used topically in the form of ointments or drops in the eyes. Only with allergic conjunctivitis may it be necessary to take antihistamines orally in tablet form. Let's consider which drugs that eliminate the cause of inflammation can be used to treat various types of conjunctivitis in children.

Viral conjunctivitis in children - treatment

In principle, mild viral conjunctivitis in children does not require any treatment other than regular eye rinsing with any non-irritating solutions. This is due to the fact that there are no specific antiviral drops in the eye, and the child’s body will develop immunity within 2–3 days, which will cope with the disease within 5–7 days. Therefore, with viral conjunctivitis, parents can only wait for the child’s body to cope with the disease. To help the child and prevent possible joining bacterial infection, you just need to rinse the eye with any solutions, for example, Picloxidine, silver nitrate, etc.

If viral conjunctivitis occurs in a severe form with the formation of follicles, then it requires treatment in a hospital.

Bacterial conjunctivitis in children - treatment

For bacterial conjunctivitis, you should regularly (every 2–3 hours) wash the child’s eyes with non-irritating solutions, then instill drops or apply antibiotic ointment. In children, you can use Tetracycline, Levomycetin, Erythromycin and Gentamicin ointments, as well as drops Ciprofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ofloxacin, etc. The ointment or drops are continuously used until recovery and continue for another two days after the symptoms disappear. It is recommended to rinse your eyes before instilling drops or applying ointment. Drops and ointment are administered every 2 to 4 hours, depending on the severity of the inflammation. Doctors recommend using drops during the day and ointment at night.

Allergic conjunctivitis in children - treatment

The most effective treatment allergic conjunctivitis in children is to eliminate the factor that causes the allergy. To do this, you will have to observe the child and find out what he is allergic to. After which it is necessary to limit contact with the allergen as much as possible.

However, in addition to this, it is necessary to instill drops into the child’s eyes containing antihistamine, antiallergic substances, for example, Alomid, High-Krom, Cromoglin, Lecrolin, Cromohexal, etc. The drops are used in courses of 2–4 weeks, after which they take a break and, if necessary, resume their use.

How long does it take to treat conjunctivitis in children?

The duration of therapy depends on the type of conjunctivitis and the speed of recovery. The simplest rule that parents can use to determine the duration of treatment for conjunctivitis in a child is as follows: “Conjunctivitis should be treated two days longer after it disappears. clinical symptoms"This means that parents must apply medications to the child's eye until the symptoms disappear completely + two more days.

Conjunctivitis in infants - principles of treatment

When the first signs of conjunctivitis appear in an infant, you should first of all consult a doctor as soon as possible, without consulting whom you cannot begin any treatment. When the doctor examines the child and determines the type of conjunctivitis (contact, viral, bacterial or allergic), he will prescribe the necessary treatment. For viral conjunctivitis, it consists of simply regularly washing the eyes with saline until recovery. And for bacterial conjunctivitis, you will have to add antibiotics in the form of drops or ointments to the rinses. To treat allergic conjunctivitis, parents will need to instill antihistamine drops. The rules for treating the eyes, as well as medications used to treat conjunctivitis in infants, are exactly the same as for children over one year of age.

However, infants may have a specific type of conjunctivitis, which is associated with incomplete opening of the nasolacrimal duct. This violation called dacryocystitis. In this case, the tear does not flow out, causing constant swelling and redness of the baby's eyes. Conventional methods of treating conjunctivitis with dacryocystitis are not effective.

Typically, the tear duct opens on its own by 3–8 months of life, as a result of which conjunctivitis goes away on its own. However, to relieve the symptoms of dacryocystitis in a baby, you can do a simple massage by pressing your finger on the inner corner of the eye several times during the day. Such a simple massage will help remove tears through the nose, preventing its stagnation and the formation of inflammation on the conjunctiva.

Conjunctivitis in children - folk remedies

The only valid and safe folk method Treatment of conjunctivitis in children is to wash the eyes with various solutions. You can wash your eyes with boiled water, saline, Furacilin (1:1000), tea, chamomile decoction

Conjunctivitis during a cold is a relatively common occurrence. This disease can bother a person both in the winter months and in the summer, which makes the combination of snot-cough-conjunctivitis constantly relevant. How does the problem manifest itself and what will help fight it?

The eyes fester;
turn red;
itching intensifies;
burning;
every blink causes discomfort;
blurred vision appears

These are symptoms of sitting too long in front of the monitor, but conjunctivitis can also occur. The mucous membrane, called the conjunctiva, is a thin membrane that extends from the edge of the eyelid along the inside of the eyelid and serves as protection for the eyes.

Conjunctivitis can be of the following types:

acute purulent;
lachrymatory;
accompanied by problems associated with impaired tear production.

Most common reasons are viruses and bacteria, that is, an infection that is transmitted by contact. The disease, regardless of the pathogen, is accompanied by excessive formation of viscous secretion (yellowish pus), which sticks the eyelashes together, especially after waking up, creating difficulty opening the eyes.

There is also a risk of this problem as a complication after an acute respiratory viral infection, cold or flu. If disturbances in the visual organs are accompanied by flu-like symptoms (cough, fever, green snot), most likely conjunctivitis is a secondary disease. It can develop both at the beginning of the main pathology and after it.

Colds and inflammation of the conjunctiva - what should you know?

Conjunctivitis associated with diseases such as colds or rhinitis requires more than just local therapy. It is recommended to combine application eye drops and nasal spray. It is necessary to receive comprehensive treatment. For these purposes, it is advisable to consult a doctor who, in accordance with the results of the studies, will be able to determine whether conjunctivitis has actually developed against the background of a cold, and will prescribe appropriate therapy.

It should be borne in mind that in the spring the human body is more prone to the effects of viruses (as well as allergic reactions) and, accordingly, the development of the described illness. In summer, people too (children in particular) may be bothered by green snot, cough and fever accompanied by this disease. During this period, the condition is often worsened by sunlight and its reflection from the water.

In the case of a cold accompanied by inflammation of the conjunctiva, it is important to prevent complications of the disease (especially keratitis, which can lead to loss of vision). Recommended to wear sunglasses, Avoid exposure to smoke, dusty environments and smog. People wearing contact lenses should be extremely careful. When the first symptoms of conjunctivitis appear, you must temporarily stop using them.

If any serious health complication occurs or conjunctivitis develops rapidly, it is necessary to visit a doctor who will assess the type, degree and nature of the disease.

Viral pathology

Pharyngoconjunctival fever is typical for children accompanied by current illness upper respiratory tract. In addition to the manifestation of inflammation of the conjunctiva, there is a runny nose, a cough in the child, and sometimes a sore throat. This infection is characterized fast start, clear signs of viral conjunctivitis, elevated temperature and lasting 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of the adenoviral type of disease is only symptomatic. Cold compresses, vasoconstrictor drugs are recommended, and in cases of bacterial superinfection, an antibiotic therapeutic course.

Steroids may have positive influence on corneal infiltration, but have no effect on the duration of the disease. Treatment should be accompanied strict observance hygiene requirements due to the high risk of infection transmission.

Treatment of pathology at home

Mild conjunctivitis can be treated at home, but if the disease does not subside within 3-4 days after the cold, consult a doctor:

Use chilled boron water for rinsing.
If this is not enough, use Ophthalmo-Septonex drops (over-the-counter drug) or their equivalents. Gently push back the lower eyelid, looking towards the nose with your eye. Inject 1 drop into the outer corner. Treat each eye separately. If only one eye is affected, start with the healthy one. Leave your eyes closed for a few seconds after applying the drops. In case of significant difficulties, administer the drug every 1-2 hours, after the symptoms have subsided - 2-3 times a day.
Do not use contact lenses, avoid makeup.
Never touch inflamed eyes with your hands. Friction increases the risk of transmitting infection from one eye to the other.
If you feel dry, avoid exposure to air conditioning or strong winds (these conditions will further dry out your eyes) and passive smoking(irritation).
Do not strain your eyes by watching TV or working on the computer for a long time.
Protect your eyesight with dark glasses.
The infectious form of inflammation requires increased compliance with hygiene rules.
In case of persistent negative process or bacterial infection, treatment should include eye drops or antibiotic ointment.
Protect your eyes from excessive light.

The influence of air conditioning on the development of the disease

Summer rhinitis is the most common cold symptom. If you are in a car or at home with set temperature air up to 20ºC, after which you go outside, where the air is heated by the summer sun, do not be surprised that you will soon feel a burning sensation in your nose, swelling of the mucous membranes and the appearance of a cold.

With a decrease in immunity and heat shock, viruses have a chance to remain for a long period on the dry mucous membrane of the nose and spread further, causing, for example, inflammation in the organs of vision.

Conjunctivitis is one of the most common conditions for which people visit the eye doctor's office. Dry inflammation of the conjunctiva is the cause of the syndrome. It's about about a disorder of moistening the sensitive surface of the eye with tears (in healthy person tear film is continuously produced).

The clinical picture can be represented by such signs as:

redness;
discharge;
a feeling of slight pressure, sand, or a foreign body in the eye;
Pain in the eyes.

The cause is usually exposure to air conditioning, fans and dry air. How to cool properly? The following must be taken into account:

the difference between the internal and external temperatures should be a maximum of +5…+7ºC;
if possible, try not to frequently alternate transitions from cold to warm, and vice versa;
install the air conditioner so that the cold air is not directed at you;
While staying in an air-conditioned environment, drink enough fluids - warm drinks are ideal (the air conditioner dries the air and, accordingly, the mucous membranes).

Prevention of respiratory tract infections and colds

Respiratory infections are a relatively common cause of inflammation in infants, preschoolers, school age and in adults. The basis for preventing colds is considered to be hardening, sports, staying in the fresh air, in the mountains or by the sea, adequate sleep and healthy balanced diet, rich in vitamins and microelements (there are many of them in their natural form in fruits and vegetables).

Excessive stress, both physical and mental, has the opposite effect. Prolonged stress weakens the body and increases its susceptibility to infections. In addition, it provides Negative influence on children's growth.

To prevent frequent diseases, immunomodulatory drugs or systemic enzyme therapy and properly selected homeopathic treatment play an important role. Immunomodulators are substances that simulate the situation of a collision with a pathogen in the body and ensure the development of its defense. The immune system strengthens and becomes better able to cope with pathogens - viruses and bacteria.

Systemic enzyme therapy (drugs that combine suitably formulated enzymes) helps strengthen the functions of the immune system. This treatment can reduce the frequency respiratory infections, ease their course and the occurrence of complications, including conjunctivitis.

At the first signs of inflammation of the conjunctiva, you should begin to take therapeutic measures. This will help prevent complications that can lead to vision loss.

It is advisable to consult a specialist who will determine the causative agent of the disease. This is important for determining the therapeutic approach and excluding complications of conjunctivitis: in the case of viruses it will not be effective antibiotic treatment, as opposed to a bacterial pathogen.

In addition, symptomatic treatment of a common disease - the common cold - is also important. It includes taking analgesics (painkillers) and antipyretics. Important role plays bed rest and adequate sleep. It is during sleep that the body regenerates and copes better with the disease.

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Colds of viral or bacterial origin are the most frequent illness The child has. Untreated acute respiratory infections lead to the spread of infection in the respiratory tract, ears and eyes. Often, due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis develops. The disease requires immediate treatment along with other symptoms of a cold, because it is pronounced symptom infectious and inflammatory processes in the body. In addition, a runny nose with conjunctivitis can be a consequence of allergies. Therefore, it is extremely important to first identify the true cause of the disease, and then begin treatment measures.

Can conjunctivitis be caused by a runny nose?

Inflammation of the conjunctiva can occur as a result of rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, or any inflammation of the nasal cavity. But it can form in isolation, due to infection by pathogenic microbes and allergens of the eye mucosa. In the vast majority of cases, conjunctivitis develops against the background of inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx, showing symptoms typical of the disease.

Sometimes the inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the eye plays the role of the root cause, and can provoke the development of a runny nose. The cause of the “feedback” connection may be an allergic reaction, pathogenic bacteria, mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane, or improper use of contact lenses/glasses.

Common causes of conjunctivitis and runny nose

In addition to the environment and the pharynx, the human nasal cavity has communication with the maxillary, frontal sinuses and tear ducts of the eyes. Any infection from the nose easily penetrates the conjunctival sac, especially in children (the communication path is shorter). Common causes of conjunctivitis associated with colds in children include the following diseases:

acute or vasomotor rhinitis;
adenoviral, enteroviral infections;
measles and chickenpox;
allergies.

Pathology covering nasal cavity and mucous membrane of the eyes, occurs due to the proliferation of viral / bacterial flora and has local or widespread properties.

Viral

The main cause of colds with catarrhal symptoms of cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis is a decrease in the immune function of the child’s body. Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose in 70 - 75% of cases indicate adenovirus infection, flu, ARVI. Cases of viral diseases with runny nose and conjunctivitis have recently increased significantly. The disease is highly contagious, easily transmitted by contact and airborne droplets, and sometimes takes epidemic form.

Bacterial

An eye infection does not always occur at the same time as a runny nose. It is not uncommon for inflammation to occur at the end of recovery from a cold. A weakened immune system is unable to resist pathogenic microorganisms. Pediatricians are more likely to encounter a bacterial form of conjunctivitis caused by bacteria of the staphylococcal, streptococcal and diphtheria groups. Bacterial infection can completely affect small child, being a derivative of a runny nose. Children often rub their eyes during a cold because of the itching sensation in their area and bring in pathogenic bacteria secreted from the nose. Also, due to weakened immunity, the intrinsic pathogenicity of the ocular microflora may increase.

Allergic

A runny nose against the background of allergic reactions appears due to the ingress of any substances (allergens) into the eyes and nose of a child who is sensitive to them. Food allergies can also cause allergies. Emergence allergic rhinitis usually accompanies conjunctivitis. The cause of childhood allergic reactions is involuntary contact:

with dust and fungal spores contained in it;
with pet hair, bird and fish food;
with household chemicals (aerosols, deodorants);
with plant pollen.

Role food products– milk, infant formula, eggs, citrus fruits, chocolate influence the development of allergic symptoms in a small child. Older children are more likely to develop inhalation allergies - to microorganisms inhaled in the air.

Hygienic

Often the cause of eye damage with conjunctivitis in children is a simple failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene. In this case, the disease acts as the root cause causing a runny nose. Dirty hands, minor injuries, misuse contact lenses provoke infection into the conjunctiva and through the nasolacrimal ducts - spread throughout the nasal cavity.

Hypothermia

A very common cause of conjunctivitis with a runny nose in a small child is hypothermia. Freezing the body weakens the protective functions of the immune system and creates favorable environment for the development and reproduction of bacterial / viral flora. The result is a cold with cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

Symptomatic manifestations of eye inflammation are not much different in adults and children. But the age-related characteristics of the child’s body provoke the formation of more clear symptoms causing great discomfort to the baby. Each type of conjunctivitis has its own clinical picture, but they are mainly united by the presence of visual symptoms:

redness of the mucous membranes and swelling of the eyes;
the appearance of purulent discharge;
gluing of eyelashes, with the formation of a yellow crust;
increased light sensitivity of the eyes.

The child may experience lethargy, anxiety, loss of appetite, and the eyes begin to water.

Diseases with characteristic symptoms

A runny nose symptom is present in many diseases respiratory system. When combined with conjunctivitis, the range of diseases is significantly narrowed and indicates a viral/bacterial infection or an allergic reaction.

In the presence of purulent secretion from the eyes, the disease is of a bacterial nature. The appearance of redness and irritation in the absence of purulent discharge indicates an allergic or viral type of disease. The combination of symptoms of pharyngitis with conjunctivitis indicates the development of an adenovirus infection.

Conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose - measles

One of the serious infections unique to children is measles, which has a high degree of infection. The first symptoms of the disease appear in the form of increased general fatigue, mild coughing and redness of the throat. Next, an increase in temperature is observed, the child complains of headaches and body (aches) pain. Symptoms of rhinitis are rapidly increasing with copious, almost continuous serous-purulent discharge. Hoarseness and signs of a painful, dry and frequent (“barking”) cough appear.

This disease is always accompanied by conjunctivitis, with swelling and redness of the eye mucosa, tearing and purulent discharge. Your child may become more sensitive to light (photophobia). Signs of cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis form a triad typical symptoms measles, characteristic of the catarrhal period of the disease. Also characteristic is a change appearance child - a puffy face appears, the areas of the eyes, nose and lips swell.

Conjunctivitis, runny nose, cough, fever - ARVI

Viral diseases of the upper respiratory system - ARVI, most often associated with adenovirus. Characterized by rapid development, with incubation period in children, no more than a week, have an acute form and affect the ocular conjunctiva. There are three forms of adenoviral conjunctivitis:

catarrhal, with minor inflammation;
filmy, the child’s eyes are covered with a thin film;
follicular, with the formation of small blisters on the mucous membrane of the eyes.

In addition to conjunctival lesions with virtually no pus, ARVI is accompanied by symptoms of a dry cough, profuse runny nose, temperature up to 38C and inflammation of the lymph nodes near the ear.

Rash, conjunctivitis, runny nose – allergic rhinitis

Allergy symptoms depend on the speed of the body's reactions and the concentration of irritating substances. Allergic rhinitis is the most common form of allergic reaction. It develops very quickly, in 2–3 minutes or in a couple of days, depending on the type of allergen. Rhinitis often accompanies the development of allergic conjunctivitis. The disease manifests itself with symptoms:

nasal congestion with mucous discharge;
repeated sneezing;
excessive tearfulness, burning sensation under the eyelids;
redness of the mucous membrane and an unbearable feeling of itching in the eyes.

Against the background of an allergic reaction with a runny nose and conjunctivitis, signs of atopic dermatitis often appear. Redness and small rashes appear on the child's skin.

All signs of allergic rhinitis - rash, runny nose, conjunctivitis quickly disappear after stopping contact with the allergen.

Treatment

Almost every parent faces the problem of a runny nose and sore eyes at your child. Individually, these diseases do not pose a serious threat children's body and are quite easy to treat. When manifestations occur in tandem, it is necessary to establish the cause of their occurrence and for more successful treatment consult a pediatrician. The specialist will prescribe necessary therapy to eliminate the pathogen negative impacts on the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.

Runny nose

Therapeutic measures to get rid of a runny nose are directly dependent on the disease that caused this symptom. For any reason and phase of development of rhinitis, the air humidity in the room where the child is located should be increased. Allergic rhinitis requires complete exclusion of contact with the allergen and the use of antihistamines. On the recommendation of a doctor, a procedure is carried out to cleanse blood contaminated with toxins and allergens.

Treatment of catarrhal rhinitis against the background of ARVI includes the use of medications:

sprays of antiseptic and antibiotic action - Bioparox, Hexoral, Cipropharma. Tetracycline ointment and nasal rinsing with furatsilin are also used;
vasoconstrictor drops -
Conjunctivitis

It is very difficult to treat conjunctivitis in a small child. The baby, experiencing unbearable itching, constantly rubs his eyes with his hands. During the day, you need to rinse your eyes with saline solution or herbal infusions of chamomile, calendula, and tea leaves.

In the process of treating eye inflammation during ARVI, they use antibacterial drugs local action - Albucid, Ciprofloxacin, Fucithalmic, as well as cool compresses and vasoconstrictor drops. At colds Accompanied by conjunctivitis, complications may arise, for example, keratitis, which sometimes leads to loss of vision.

Used to treat conjunctivitis medicines in the form of anti-inflammatory ointments, eye drops and pharmaceutical solutions for rinsing. In addition, the child needs to be kept in bed, at least for the first time. Long sleep promotes rapid recovery body.

Prevention

Timely consultation with a doctor guarantees relief of inflammation due to rhinitis and conjunctivitis in short time. Each disease has certain symptoms and the task of parents is to carefully monitor their child and his health. To prevent inflammatory processes in the eyes, treatment of runny nose symptoms should not be left to chance. Nutritious food, reception essential vitamins help strengthen local immunity and prevent the spread and development of infections.

The main task of preventing conjunctivitis in children comes down to observing the rules of personal hygiene. Parents should accustom their child to regular hand washing and provide him with personal hygiene items, in particular a towel and washcloth. Try, as early as possible, to wean your baby from touching his face and eyes with unwashed hands and prevent him from contacting sick children.

Symptoms of a runny nose and conjunctivitis cause a child a lot of discomfort. If treatment is ignored, possible serious complications Therefore, if you notice the first symptoms of illness, take your baby to the clinic.

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Quite often, against the background of a cold, children may begin to various complications: bronchitis, otitis and other diseases. A common runny nose and conjunctivitis in a child go “hand in hand.” Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory process visual organ, which is accompanied by constant lacrimation, discharge purulent fluid, the appearance of redness on the mucous membrane of the visual organ. A runny nose is often the cause of illness.

Why does conjunctivitis occur with a runny nose?

Conjunctivitis is divided into bacterial, viral and allergy-related. This variety gives rise to different causes of the disease.

Viral infection. Quite often, the disease develops during ARVI, a common runny nose, as well as after suffering from a cold, flu, chickenpox, or measles. It is also a frequent guest when the immune system is low.

Bacteria. If a baby develops a yellow discharge from the visual apparatus, this is considered a complication of the disease when a bacterial infection has also been added to the viral infection. This phenomenon indicates improper treatment or its absence. Microorganisms get onto the mucous membrane of the eye after rubbing the eyes with dirty hands or a handkerchief, and also indicate a possible blockage of the nasolacrimal canal.

Allergy. For an allergic reaction various types(seasonal or in response to a certain smell), children begin to actively release histamine, which provokes an increase in vascular permeability. This in turn causes swelling. In such a situation, a runny nose and conjunctivitis in a child cannot be avoided. Everything goes away after the allergen is eliminated.

Inflammation begins in the nasopharynx and spreads to. This is justified by the connection between the nose and the eye through the nasolacrimal duct. A runny nose and conjunctivitis can occur either at the same time or sequentially, one after another.

How does the disease manifest itself?

The most frequent symptoms diseases that do not depend on the etiology of the pathogen are:

redness of the mucous membrane of the eye apparatus;
the appearance of swelling in the area of the inner corner of the eye;
constant tearing from the visual organ.

The diagnosis of the disease in a child, the treatment of which will depend on the type of conjunctivitis, should be made only by a doctor after a personal examination and study of test results.

With a visual examination, the doctor is able to determine the form of the disease based on the following signs:

characteristic of viral conjunctivitis. Also, the child may feel pain on the mucous membrane, appearing transparent discharge and sensations as if sand had been poured into the eyes;
with a bacterial disease, two eyes are affected. Also observed purulent discharge, eyes turn sour, eyelids swell;
allergic conjunctivitis most often accompanied by snot, swelling of the face, lips, and lacrimation.

How to treat the disease in children?

Treat eye disease caused by persistent runny nose, is possible only after examination by a professional physician and making the correct diagnosis. In no case should you self-medicate, since without finding out the type of disease it is impossible to choose the right medicine. If conjunctivitis is treated with the wrong drug, it is quite possible to worsen the disease and harm the health of the baby.

If a mother observes a cough in a child and snot flows like a stream, you need to show him to the doctor. Most likely, this is a cold that is not advisable to catch. After all, it is against this background that viral conjunctivitis develops.

How are different types of conjunctivitis treated?

The disease caused by the virus is treated with restorative drugs based on interferon. Warm compresses help medicinal herbs(chamomile, string), which have an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effect. In order to protect the child from bacterial infection, it is necessary to wash the eyes with infusions of the same herbs or special antiseptic solutions.

To treat the bacterial form of the disease, local treatment is used. Products based on miramistin are effective. They not only actively fight fungi and harmful microorganisms, but also tend to strengthen local immunity. It is also used in the treatment accompanying disease runny nose

Antihistamines and eliminating allergens will help cure allergic conjunctivitis.

Preventive measures to prevent disease

Children very rarely report any signs of illness. Either they don’t know what this or that symptom may indicate, or they are afraid that they will hurt in the hospital. In any case, parents face important task: Monitor the health of your child.

To prevent a runny nose from causing conjunctivitis, you should not start it. Timely treatment can protect your child from eye disease. The use of vitamins can improve local immunity and prevent the development of infection on the mucous membrane of the visual apparatus.

Conjunctivitis and a runny nose sometimes bring a lot of stress into a child’s life. discomfort and discomfort. If diseases are not treated, they can provoke complications that are extremely undesirable for a growing organism. That is why, when you notice the first signs of illness in your baby, take him to the clinic. There, a specialist, through examination and study of test results, if any are needed, puts accurate diagnosis, prescribes effective treatment. You should not self-medicate. This may harm the baby.

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Conjunctivitis due to colds and - common occurrence The child has. This disease occurs at any time of the year, so the “cough - runny nose - conjunctivitis” complex manifests itself regularly. How to deal with this problem?

Even newborns are susceptible. It is also characterized by high hyperthermia - about 39 °C. In particularly difficult cases (pyretic fever), the temperature rises to 39-41 ° C and is resistant to antipyretics. To reduce it, a course is carried out antibacterial treatment. Duration of fever is 4 days or more.

And the fever goes along with the therapy of the main infection. Doctors do not advise using antipyretics at temperatures below 38 °C if the child is feeling well.

If your baby is coughing

With symptoms such as conjunctivitis accompanied by cough, runny nose, and watery eyes, an adenoviral infection most often occurs.

If you have a combination of cough, runny nose, watery eyes and conjunctivitis, use antiviral medications prescribed by your doctor.

But to alleviate the baby’s condition, the following methods are also suitable:

Severe throat pain is relieved with the help of throat softening agents: syrups, tinctures, hot drinks - tea, herbal decoctions, infusions.
For a runny nose and sneezing, use sprays, drops, and rinsing. If there is a dry cough, it is soothed with hot tea with mint.

If you have a stuffy nose or yellow or green mucus due to illness

Fighting a runny nose at the onset of the disease is wrong. Harmful substances are removed from mucus, so save it required properties necessary. Usage special drugs undesirable.

To keep the nasal passages constantly moistened, drinking plenty of fluids is enough., room ventilation, clean air.

Snot in children appears even due to temperature changes, infectious diseases, weak immunity. Treatment is carried out using saline solution, decoction or infusion of chamomile, sea salt. In newborns they are treated by lubricating the mucous membranes various oils with vitamins A, E.

Vasoconstrictor medications can worsen the baby's condition.

To quickly relieve a child’s well-being, the use of special nasal drops is effective:

Aqualora;
Nazola;
Otrivin;
Vibrocil.

A serious cause for concern will be the appearance of green discharge from the baby's nose. Thick green discharge is a sign of an increase in the number of pathogens and their penetration into the nasopharynx.

The following medications can be used for nasal instillation:

Antibiotic therapy is used to eliminate snot and reduce the child's temperature. This makes sense if there are obvious symptoms of acute respiratory infections, including influenza. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of disease in infants is undesirable.

If available infant green snot with minor complications It helps to use beet, carrot, and potato juices diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. They are rich in natural antibiotics.

The appearance of yellow snot in a baby is a sign of inflammation or ineffective treatment. The phenomenon is facilitated by pathologies of the respiratory tract and simple hypothermia.

Discharges appear as a result of:

weak immunity;
respiratory tract pathologies;
constant hypothermia;
bacterial infection of the nasal passages.

In older children, yellow snot is characterized by signs of inflammation of the adenoids.

Used for treatment ready-made solutions, for example, Aqua Maris, Marimer, Aqualor.

For colds and ARVI

Complications are dangerous for a cold accompanied by conjunctivitis(in particular, keratitis, sometimes causing vision loss). Eye protection from direct sunlight dark glasses. At the first symptoms, you should temporarily abandon contact lenses and replace them with glasses.

In the treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis, the use of cold compresses and vasoconstrictor drugs helps. If a bacterial superinfection is detected, antibiotic therapy is necessary.

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