What does thin endometrium mean? Diagnosis and treatment measures. Causes of insufficient endometrium

If the endometrium is thin, the reasons can be of a very different nature. However, in any case, hypoplasia (the medical name for the problem presented) requires proper treatment, since the pathology can lead to serious problems with pregnancy and gestation.

What is hypoplasia?

The endometrium is the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus. The endometrium contains epithelial cells, integument, blood vessels, and the ground substance. The shell plays extremely important role For successful conception and a successful pregnancy. After all, it is to the endometrium that the embryo is attached, and the vessels located in it supply nutrition and oxygen to the fetus.

The endometrial layer, its structure and thickness undergo certain changes depending on the phase menstrual cycle. It increases in thickness after the ovulation period and in the absence of fertilization, it peels off and again decreases in size. On average, normal endometrial thickness should be between 0.5 and 1.5 centimeters. If the endometrial layer is thinner than 0.4, then we're talking about about a pathological condition called hypoplasia, characterized by the superficial development of the mucous uterine layer.

What causes pathology?

According to statistics, thin endometrium is observed in every third representative of the fair sex. According to gynecological specialists, for thin endometrium The cause may be a hormonal imbalance in female body. In addition, hypoplasia can be caused by the following reasons:

Disruption and injury to the uterine mucosa, leading to damage to the basal layer of the endometrium.
Previous abortions.
Uterine circulatory disorders of a congenital or acquired nature.
Scraping.
Transferred surgical operations on the uterus.
Inflammatory lesions of the uterus.
Disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system.
Uterine pathology, expressed in its underdevelopment.
The presence of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.
Impaired blood flow and blood stagnation in the pelvic organs.
Genetic factor leading to disorder of uterine functions.
Prolonged and uncontrolled use of contraception.
Presence of sexually transmitted infections.
Previously transferred surgical interventions in the area of the ovaries.
Adenomyosis.
Myoma.
Presence of polycystic ovary syndrome.

In addition, there is a theory about the hereditary nature of the pathologically thin endometrial layer. However, this hypothesis currently does not have precise evidence or confirmation.

Signs of pathology

The thin endometrium of the uterus is accompanied by a number of characteristic signs and manifestations, thanks to which it is possible to diagnose the pathology in a timely manner and provide an appropriate therapeutic course. Experts identify the following symptoms inherent in hypoplasia:

Menstrual irregularities.
The appearance of spotting, observed during menstruation in the middle of the cycle.
Scanty, insignificant discharge of menstrual blood.
Infertility.
Complicated spontaneous abortions accompanied by internal bleeding.
Weak expression of secondary sexual characteristics.
Excessively narrow pelvis.
Late onset of menstruation (from sixteen years of age and older).
Anorgasmia.
Periodic, breakthrough in nature.

It is important to know that the thin endometrium is quite dangerous pathology fraught with serious complications. Therefore, if the above symptoms are detected, it is recommended to consult an endocrinologist and undergo the necessary examination.

Of course, pregnancy should proceed under the strict supervision of a specialist, in compliance with all medical recommendations and against a background of absolute rest, but the pathology must be treated. In order to avoid possible problems and complications when planning pregnancy, you should undergo examination and undergo a course of treatment even before conception.

What is the danger of thin endometrium?

Normal condition and full development endometrium is a necessary condition for successful conception and pregnancy. The mucous membrane of the uterus consists of two layers: basal and functional. The functional layer is responsible for the implantation of the fertilized egg and the development of the fetus until the formation of the placenta is completed. Therefore, with thinning of the uterine endometrium, there is a high probability of complications such as infertility and spontaneous abortion.

The following adverse effects are also possible:

Ectopic pregnancy.
Miscarriage.
Weak labor activity.
Pronounced, prolonged toxicosis.
Complication of the birth process.
Heavy intense bleeding during the postpartum period.

Previously, it was believed that pregnancy and pregnancy were incompatible concepts, however modern medicine proved that a woman suffering from such a problem is quite capable of becoming a mother and giving birth healthy baby. If you have difficulty conceiving, an IVF procedure is recommended - artificial insemination.

Diagnostic methods

Detection of hypoplasia is carried out on the basis of a detailed study of symptoms, general clinical picture and the results of the anamnesis. However, to clarify the diagnosis and determine the causes of the pathology, the patient is prescribed the following studies:

Ultrasound examination of the uterus, performed several times during the menstrual cycle and necessary to determine the thickness of the endometrium.
General blood test.
Blood test to determine the concentration of progesterone, follicle-stimulating and luteotropic sex hormones. To obtain extremely accurate results, it is recommended to take blood samples for analysis on the twentieth or twenty-first day of the menstrual cycle.
Carrying out a uterine biopsy.
Carrying out a pipel biopsy.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.
Hysteroscopy, which is an examination of the uterine cavity using a special optical device.
Taking a scraping of uterine tissue for reduction histological examination. This procedure It is recommended to carry out shortly before the start of menstruation.

Treatment methods

Treatment of hypoplasia should be aimed at eliminating the causes of the pathology, as well as at building up and enlarging the endometrial layer.

To achieve these goals, two main therapeutic methods are used: conservative and surgical. Let's look at them in more detail. Conservative treatment consists mainly in the use hormonal drugs containing progesterone or dydrogesterone (for example, Duphaston). This method of treatment is prescribed in cases where the cause of the disease is a hormonal imbalance. The selection of the drug, determination of its dosage and duration of administration should be carried out exclusively by the attending physician on an individual basis.

In addition, to conservative method treatment methods include the following:

Physiotherapy.
Massage.
Therapeutic gymnastics.
Electrophoresis.
Hirudotherapy.
Acupuncture
Phytotherapy.

The above procedures are usually prescribed to patients whose development of hypoplasia was caused by impaired uterine circulation and inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. In addition, physical therapy greatly contributes to the growth of the endometrial layer.

Surgical treatment is surgery, aimed at removing the inner layer of the endometrium, which is a powerful means of activating the processes responsible for the growth of endometrial tissue and its thickening. With thin endometrium, the causes largely determine the way to combat the pathology. The choice of therapeutic technique is selected by a specialist, taking into account a number of factors to ensure extremely effective treatment.

Health reproductive system women depends on many factors. The uterus and its structures are extremely sensitive to hormone levels. For various reasons, this balance can be disrupted. One of these problems is thin endometrium. It is important to understand why hypoplasia develops, what it can lead to and how to cope with this disease.

The endometrium is a special mucous tissue lining inner surface uterus. Every month its functional layer is renewed: a new one grows, and the old one leaves the body along with menstrual blood. This mucosa is rich in blood vessels and is formed to create favorable conditions for implantation of a fertilized egg and subsequent pregnancy.

Normally, the endometrial layer begins to grow from the first day of the new cycle. At first it is only 0.5 cm, and by the end it reaches 1.3 cm.

The volume of this tissue does not affect the quality of sexual life, and changes usually do not cause unpleasant symptoms. However, this is a fundamental factor for pregnancy to occur.

The main reason why a doctor can detect a thin endometrium of the uterus is an unstable hormonal background. When the problem persists for a long time, a disease develops.

Exhaustion and endometrial hypotrophy sometimes occur against the background of an abortion or miscarriage. The problem is aggravated if curettage of the uterine cavity was performed. Less commonly, the disease is diagnosed due to congenital disorder blood circulation in this area of the body.

The following factors can provoke thinning of the uterine mucosa:

previous surgical interventions on the uterus;
injuries;
congenital bleeding tendencies;
inflammatory pathologies of the organ;
disorders of the thyroid gland;
blood stagnation in the pelvic organs;
infectious diseases of the genitourinary area;
long-term use of oral contraceptives;
myoma;
adenomyosis.

A thin endometrial layer can lead to the following difficulties:

miscarriage and early pregnancy loss;
heavy bleeding after miscarriage or abortion;
infertility;
impossibility of IVF.

Although the disease is most dangerous and unpleasant for those who want to get pregnant, characteristic symptoms violations can be noticed even by women who feel completely healthy. It is possible to accurately determine the disease and the reasons for its development only after a medical examination.

The first symptoms of endometrial thinning

If the endometrium is small, a woman may notice certain characteristic features. Whenever the following symptoms you need to contact a gynecologist:

menstrual cycle irregularities, frequent delays or change in duration;
painful periods;
too little discharge.

Since it is very difficult to get pregnant with a thin endometrium, in the presence of pathology, women complain of infertility. Long unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child become the reason for an examination.

With a thinned endometrium, women may experience anorgasmia and weak expression of secondary sexual characteristics. The first menstruation occurs at age 16 or later.

Uterine discharge with a thin mucous membrane, even during menstruation, is scanty. The duration of menstruation is reduced, the volume of blood released decreases. Since this disorder is often provoked hormonal imbalance, “red” days women's calendar can move forward or backward several days.

Ovulation in a woman with a thin endometrium and an imbalance in hormones does not occur every month, and it is difficult to accurately determine these days.

Thin endometrium and pregnancy

A normal pregnancy can occur even with a thin layer of endometrium, but it is much more difficult to bear and the risk of miscarriage is very high. Conception usually occurs normally if ovulation has occurred. However, the ability of the embryo to settle in the uterus and receive nutrition at first is in question.

Progesterone and estrogen levels change during the menstrual cycle. If pregnancy occurs, then under their control the growth of the tissue layer does not come out, and favorable development conditions are created for the fetus.

Thin endometrium and Duphaston are a common combination, since the drug is prescribed to pregnant women with impaired growth of the mucous layer. It reduces tone and, being synthetic analogue progesterone, helps maintain pregnancy. Reception medicine does not cause negative reactions in the mother's body and does not affect the condition of the fetus.

Despite good absorption of this medication, pregnant women taking the drug should be under the supervision of a doctor. Timely use of Duphaston can stop the rejection of the fertilized egg, even if it has already begun.

First trimester

The effect of Duphaston on the endometrial layer is most beneficial. The drug stops the synthesis of substances that provoke spontaneous abortion, improving the nutrition of the uterus. Doctors recommend starting to take this medication long before pregnancy begins. It is better to start treatment with Duphaston 4-6 months in advance.

After ovulation and fertilization of the released egg have occurred, the use of Duphaston is not interrupted. If discontinuation of treatment is required, this is done gradually. An abrupt cessation of progesterone entering a woman’s body leads to miscarriage.

There is no single scheme for taking and stopping Duphaston. The level of hormones in the blood and individual characteristics women. Vaginal discharge may also vary depending on different women when taking Duphaston, since this is affected by the initial level of hormones.

Second

In the second trimester, active development of the fetus continues. Although it is possible to become pregnant with a thin endometrium, problems may accompany the entire gestation period.

The uterine mucosa, especially at first, performs important functions in the nutrition of the embryo and retention of the fertilized egg in the cavity reproductive organ. When it is thin, processes become more complicated.

White discharge during pregnancy is usually considered normal. However, if they turn yellowish, brownish, or contain blood, emergency medical attention is required.

Third

Although in the third trimester the main nutrition and provision of the fetus occurs through the placenta, the full state of the endometrium is a sign healthy woman. After the baby is born, the placenta will leave the body, and the endometrial tissue will again be renewed monthly.

Dangerous manifestations of thin endometrium in the third trimester rarely occur. The most risky period is the beginning of pregnancy. To maintain pregnancy, it is important to follow all recommendations of your doctor, sedentary lifestyle life and tune in favorable outcome birth process.

Features of pathology during menstruation

A woman can detect a thin layer of endometrium only after diagnostic procedures. However, according to characteristic changes menstruation, problems may be suspected.

Thin endometrium causes following changes in the nature of monthly discharge:

critical days become short-term;
spotting appears between periods;
heavy periods never occur;
Internal bleeding occurs only during a miscarriage.

With a thin endometrial layer, menstruation often occurs. They are either delayed or long time are absent at all. Sometimes a woman notices a shortening of the menstrual cycle when scanty spotting come too often.

Back in adolescence In girls with a tendency to endometrial hypertrophy, weak development of sexual characteristics is observed. Their first menstruation begins late, and the cycle cannot be regulated for a long time.

A woman may suspect the presence of a deviation from the norm based on her own feelings. However, put accurate diagnosis and, taking into account the causes of the disorder, enlarging the endometrium is possible only with the help of an experienced gynecologist.

Preventing the risk of thin endometrium

A thin layer of the endometrium is the reason for the inability to become pregnant and carry a pregnancy to term. healthy child. If a woman is planning to conceive, such a diagnosis cannot be taken irresponsibly. Every third representative of the fairer sex who wants to become a mother faces this problem.

Hypotrophy of endometrial tissue near the cervix and in other parts of the organ is fraught with consequences. With regular attempts to become pregnant, a woman may suffer from spontaneous miscarriages every month. The more often this happens, the more the pathology progresses.

Prevention of violations stems from the reasons causing pathology. Since thinning of the endometrium most often occurs due to hormonal imbalance, control over this area will allow a woman to protect her body from such a pathology.

You can maintain normal hormones by taking oral contraceptives. Such medications are prescribed by a doctor only after laboratory tests blood and obtaining examination results.

If, while taking Duphaston or some other drug, a woman has an profuse bleeding, it is important to visit a doctor. Only with the help of ultrasound can it be assessed current state endometrium and, if necessary, adjust therapy.

If you plan to conceive, you should first undergo a full course of treatment. When the endometrium has grown to a normal layer, you can become pregnant.

Normal or small thickness of the endometrial mucosa changes throughout the menstrual cycle. After monthly bleeding is completed, it is minimal. By the time of ovulation, the layer increases to largest sizes– this is necessary so that in the event of conception the fetus has the opportunity to gain a foothold. If pregnancy does not occur, under the influence of hormones secreted by the ovaries, reverse processes are launched.

The thickness of the endometrial layer begins to decrease. With the beginning of a new cycle, along with menstrual blood, all the overgrown mucous membrane leaves the uterus. In its place, a new functional layer begins to form.

The pathology develops when in the first phase of the menstrual cycle due to estrogen deficiency or endocrine disorders The mucous layer of the uterus does not grow in full. Thin endometrium can be due to poor blood supply to the pelvic organs. Congestion also increases the likelihood of developing the disease.

If pregnancy does occur, the woman should be under constant medical supervision. Duphaston may be prescribed to preserve the fetus, as it helps maintain sufficient levels of progesterone in the blood. Treatment is not stopped immediately; the dosage of the medication is reduced at about the 20th week. The cancellation is being carried out gradually.

Labor occurs after stopping the use of Duphaston. There are cases where conception and successful implantation occurred with the endometrium only 4 mm thick. However, such situations are the exception rather than the rule.

Diagnosis of pathology

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations. First, the attending physician will carefully listen to the complaints that have arisen and ask the woman to describe in detail her character menstrual flow, cycle duration.

To ensure that the endometrial layer of the uterus is thinning, the following diagnostic measures will be required:

Ultrasound of the uterus at intervals in different phases of the cycle;
general blood and urine tests;
blood test for hormones;
histology of uterine tissue;
biopsy.

Full medical examination allows you to determine the causes of endometrial hypotrophy and choose the right treatment method. Most diagnostic procedures are carried out not during menstruation, but immediately after its completion.

If thinning of the endometrial layer occurs after curettage, the woman’s recovery may take longer. Before starting to build up the mucosa, it is important to eliminate negative factors.

Treatment details

Treatment of thinned endometrium is a long process. You should not rush to get pregnant, as it can complicate both therapy and pregnancy. If another breakdown occurs, it will only further injure the delicate layer of the reproductive organ and lead to an increase in the recovery period.

With thin endometrium, a woman should pay attention to her lifestyle. Hormonal balance depends on both internal and external factors. Emotional background, degree physical activity and nutrition can increase the benefits of using Duphaston and other medications.

Products for external use

Treatment of thin endometrium should be comprehensive. In addition to reception medications, external therapy is required.

Acupuncture is used to improve blood circulation and blood supply to the pelvic organs. Physiotherapy has a positive effect on thin endometrium. Doctors especially often recommend taking a course of electrophoresis.

Hirudotherapy and herbal medicine are well-known methods used for gynecological pathologies. A woman must understand that no treatment methods can be carried out independently. You should always consult your doctor, as there may be contraindications.

Proper nutrition is necessary. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins A and E. A woman should always have fresh fruits and vegetables on her table. You should limit your consumption of sweets and foods as much as possible. instant cooking and coffee.

Important active image life. There should be no overload, but moderate exercise will have a positive effect on women's health.

Preparations for oral administration

In order to get pregnant normally and carry a child to term, it is important to treat endometrial hypotrophy in advance.

It is impossible to completely cure the pathology with the help of folk remedies, although such methods in combination with the main therapy give positive results.

To build up a normal layer of the endometrium, doctors prescribe progesterone. Previously, intramuscular oily injections of the hormone were used, but thanks to the appearance of the drug in tablets, it was possible to reduce the frequency side effects, such as suppuration at the injection site and allergies.

To combat the thinning layer of endometrial tissue, the following medications are used:

Duphaston;
Malsmon;
Actovegin;
Gormel.

Any medications can be used only as prescribed by a doctor after undergoing a full examination. The effect of Duphaston on thin endometrium is especially valuable, since the drug helps reduce the tone of the uterus and prevents premature detachment of epithelial tissue.

It is important to take vitamin complexes. They contribute good nutrition all tissues and systems. If you are pregnant, you should consult your doctor before taking vitamins.

Thin endometrium can cause infertility. If a woman gets rid of this problem in advance, pregnancy will occur without pathologies and the child will be born healthy.

The mucous layer of the uterus lining it from the inside is called the endometrium. It undergoes a number of changes regarding its thickness and structure in certain phases of the cycle, which is due to the physiological need to create conditions for an egg ready for fertilization. Any deviation from the norm in the condition of the endometrium leads to problems with conception and pregnancy. Too thin endometrium and pregnancy are a difficult combination, since pathological condition the endometrium in the form of its thinning causes problems with the successful implantation of the fertilized egg, but even if this is successful, carrying such a pregnancy is unlikely.

On certain days of the cycle, the thickness of the endometrium varies from 5 to 10 mm, before the onset of menstruation it increases to 1.5 cm. A thickness of 7 mm is considered the norm for reliable strengthening of the egg. In the case when a woman’s endometrial layer thickness is recorded at a level lower than 0.5 cm, we speak of the pathology of endometrial hypoplasia (thinning), which negatively affects the ability to become pregnant and bear a baby.

Causes of pathology of the thin endometrial layer

Predisposing factors contributing to thinning of the endometrial layer include:

deviations hormonal function, endocrine disruptions;
impaired blood supply to the uterine layers;
inflammatory diseases of the genital area;
incorrect use of contraceptives;
previous manipulations in the uterine area (curettage, abortion);
hereditary predisposition to underdevelopment of the uterine epithelium.

The course of the pathology of hypoplasia does not differ in the severity of symptoms, so it is often diagnosed during the examination of women experiencing problems with conception and pregnancy. Symptoms can be in the form of scanty, painful periods, cycle disruptions, and the presence of clots during menstruation. But if a woman has no plans related to pregnancy, then she may not suspect that she has a pathology.

Possibility of pregnancy

With thin endometrium, women are usually diagnosed with infertility. This is explained by the fact that the endometrium is 3 or 4 mm thick, which does not allow the egg to become firmly established in the uterus. Implantation will be successful if the thickness is over 5 mm; the best thickness is considered to be 7 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm. It is important to consider that the indicated thickness of the endometrial layer is considered normal only on certain days of the cycle. It will be the smallest immediately after menstruation, on average the norm is 5-7 mm, in some women it may be less than 2-3 mm, which is thinner than normal.

Schedule linear dependence The thickness of the endometrium from the days of the cycle on average looks like this:

Phase 1, initial proliferation (days 5-7) - from 2 to 6 mm, average 0.5 mm;

Phase 2, average proliferation (8-10 days) - from 4 to 9 mm, average endometrium 8 mm;

Phase 3, late proliferation (days 11-14) - from 8 to 14 mm, average 0.11 cm;

Phase 4, early secretion (days 15-18) - 10-15 mm, average 12.5 mm;

Phase 5, medium secretion (days 19-23) - maximum endometrial thickness, on average it can be 16 mm;

Phase 6, late secretion (24-27 days of the cycle) - the endometrial layer becomes thinner, up to 0.11 cm.

The problem of thinning the endometrial uterine layer worries women who are just planning to conceive, as well as those patients who are faced with spontaneous termination of pregnancy. They are interested in whether it is possible to get pregnant when they have a thin layer of endometrium, what thickness is enough for pregnancy.

Each organism is individual, the natural process of conception is complex and depends on many factors, so pregnancy if a woman has a thin endometrium is quite possible. Another question is that the developed pathology of hypoplasia can interrupt it by early. Sometimes pregnant women, when very little time has passed since conception, begin menstruation, and they even suspect that a miscarriage has occurred.

If the process of fertilization of the egg is successful, then it is implanted into the mucous layer. At the same time, the endometrial layer continues to increase its thickness. During the first trimester it can reach 2 cm or more.

The endometrium also tends to grow during an ectopic pregnancy. Regardless of whether the fertilized egg is normally fixed in the thickness of the uterus, or due to various reasons its progress into the uterus was disrupted and it remained in fallopian tube, growth of the endometrial layer is observed. This is explained by the action of hormones that affect the endometrium, preparing it for the formation of the placenta during the further development of pregnancy.

Many people ask: In gynecological practice, there have been cases where pregnancy occurred in patients with an endometrial thickness of only about 4 mm. If hypoplasia is diagnosed, it is important for specialists to carefully monitor the condition of the endometrial layer in the event of pregnancy, since there is always a threat of miscarriage, which must be prevented in time.

Consideration of the feasibility of conducting an IVF procedure for endometrial hypoplasia deserves a separate discussion. The chances of an egg implanting during artificial insemination are minimal if the endometrial layer is small and its thickness is favorable days does not exceed 0.5 cm. The percentage of successful implantations is less than 15%. Patients are advised to delay preparations for IVF and undergo a course of treatment in order to increase the endometrium to 7-9 mm in thickness.

Diagnosis and treatment measures

After considering the complaints made by the patient and collecting an anamnesis, the woman is recommended to undergo a series of examinations.

Prescribed:

submit blood and urine samples for general tests;

conducting tests to determine hormone levels;

conducting a transvaginal ultrasound to determine the condition of the uterus and ovaries in different phases menstrual cycle;

taking a sample from the uterine layer for histology;

Therapeutic measures to eliminate hypoplasia are the whole complex procedures aimed at eliminating hormonal imbalance, improving blood circulation in the uterine layers, eliminating the consequences of chronic inflammatory processes which are carried out using medications and surgical interventions.

Therapy hormonal agents, the regimen of their administration and dosage is carried out only by an experienced specialist based on the results comprehensive survey. With the help of physio therapeutic treatment, hirudotherapy, acupuncture, and special gymnastic exercises can improve the blood supply to the pelvic organs, which will have a positive effect on the condition of the uterine layers. The above-mentioned treatment methods make it possible to improve the condition of the uterine layer when the endometrium grows 6 mm or more.

Some pathological cases require surgical method treatment, when the pathological layer is removed, which contributes to its complete renewal and stabilization of its normal thickness.

The normal functioning of the uterine layers and the balance of hormones are the key to a good pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child.

The endometrium is the mucous membrane of the uterus that lines its cavity. It contains many epithelial cells and blood vessels, due to which the attachment and development of the fertilized egg is carried out. Thanks to the bloodstream, nutrition and further growth of the child are possible throughout pregnancy.

Normal physiological state The endometrium is supported by hormones. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, certain changes in the structure and thickness of its structure occur. It becomes maximally mature in the second phase, when the uterus is preparing for pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium peels off, this phenomenon is called menstruation. In force various reasons this process may be disrupted, which requires mandatory diagnosis and medical correction, otherwise the disease becomes more complicated and leads to undesirable consequences.

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Reasons

The main reason that leads to endometrial depletion lies in hormonal imbalance. If there is insufficient production of certain hormones, the production of the epithelium is not properly stimulated.

In medicine, there are cases when this pathology is diagnosed in women who have normal level everyone essential hormones. This is due to the presence of provoking factors that can contribute to the development of pathology. Among them are:

damage to the basal layer of the endometrium due to trauma;
a history of abortions and missed pregnancies;
congenital and acquired disorders of uterine circulation;
diagnostic and therapeutic curettage;
surgery on the uterus;
inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, including infectious;
endocrine disorders;
congenital anomalies of the uterus and appendages;
venous congestion in the pelvic cavity;
long-term or uncontrolled use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices;
ovarian diseases, especially follicular cyst and polycystic disease;
oncological diseases of the genital organs.

There is a theory about genetic predisposition to endometrial hypoplasia, but at the moment there is no practical evidence of it. Due to this this reason determined by exclusion, provided there are no other provoking factors.

Endometrium in the uterine cavity

Symptoms

Clinical manifestations of thin endometrium are quite specific, based on which timely diagnosis Based on the symptoms alone, it’s not difficult. Signs of thin endometrium do not cause significant discomfort, but they can lead to serious consequences.If you have this disease, a woman may note:

change in the duration of the menstrual cycle or lack of ovulation;
bleeding in the middle of the cycle;
scanty and light menstrual flow;
prolonged absence of a desired pregnancy, subject to regular sexual intercourse;
habitual miscarriage, frozen pregnancies;
narrow pelvis;
late onset of menstruation, after 16 years;
weak or complete absence libido, problems with sexual desire;
periodic bleeding with clots.

Possible complications

The endometrium consists of two layers: basal and functional. Their full development during the menstrual cycle is extremely important for normal implantation and a favorable course of pregnancy. Some of the main complications are spontaneous abortions, missed pregnancies and infertility.

The presence of a thin endometrium does not imply absolute infertility, since conception and implantation of the fertilized egg is still possible. But this disease burdens prenatal and postpartum periods, conditions such as tubal or ectopic pregnancy, habitual miscarriage, weak labor, severe and prolonged toxicosis, bleeding in last trimester and after childbirth.

Some time ago, the presence of a thin endometrium was considered absolute contraindication for pregnancy. Doctors said that the woman was not able to get pregnant and bear a healthy child. Modern clinical cases, found in medical practice, prove the opposite. Even if there are difficulties in attaching the fertilized egg to the mucous membranes, artificial insemination is possible through the IVF procedure.

Diagnostic features

Diagnosis of thin endometrium is not particularly difficult, since in addition to the characteristic clinical picture this pathology can be confirmed using instrumental and laboratory methods research. Among the common diagnostic methods allocate clinical analysis blood, general analysis urine, vaginal swab.

Of particular value is ultrasound examination pelvic organs. It is carried out throughout the entire period of endometrial maturation on certain days. This is due to the fact that the physiological growth of the endometrium occurs daily. Using special sensitive sensors, it is possible to measure the thickness of the mucous membrane with high accuracy.

The norms for endometrial thickness by day of the cycle are presented in the table.

Data ultrasound diagnostics compared with the results biochemical research blood for progesterone, luteotropic and follicle-stimulating sex hormones. The most informative and indicative are the results obtained after taking biomaterial on the 20-23rd days of the menstrual cycle.

An instrumental and minimally invasive method is diagnostic hysteroscopy. Using special equipment and a camera inserted into the uterine cavity, the doctor studies the structure and composition of the endometrium, determines the presence of anatomical defects and, if necessary, takes a biopsy for further histological examination of the tissue.

Endometrial hysteroscopy

Treatment

In the presence of a thin endometrium, pregnancy planning is of fundamental importance. Unprepared reproductive organs and disrupted hormonal levels will in every possible way interfere with normal fertilization and attachment of the fertilized egg.

In order to increase the thickness of the mucous membrane, a woman is prescribed courses of combined oral contraceptives. They are able to compensate for hormonal deficiency or regulate their excess; therapy is also carried out with the help of estradiol and progesterone, prominent representatives are Utrozhestan and Duphaston.

Duphaston contains an artificially synthesized hormone, which is necessary to maintain normal function endometrium. It is prescribed not only for the treatment of thin endometrium, but also for maintaining pregnancy, for the purpose of prevention, when there is a threat of spontaneous abortion. The substance contained in the composition, which has properties similar to progesterone, relieves tone from the uterus and resists premature detachment endometrium. Only a doctor is competent to select dosages, regulate the course of treatment and frequency of doses, but according to general requirements The drug should be taken from the 11th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle.

Effective auxiliary drug is Actovegin. Its main function is to improve blood supply and blood supply to organs. It is the lack of oxygen and other nutrients causes the development of hypoplasia. You need to take this medication 2 tablets 3 times a day for 1.5-2 months. He has virtually no side effects and does not provide negative influence even during pregnancy. For many pregnant women, in order to prevent the threat of miscarriage, the medicine is prescribed from the 16th week.

Physiotherapeutic effects before pregnancy and during its course will vary, due to the impossibility of using some methods during fetal development.

At the planning stage and for the purpose of treating thin endometrium, electrical myostimulation of the pelvic muscles and massage of the same area are prescribed. This way it is possible to increase blood flow and cope with atrophy of blood vessels and soft tissues. Even after 1 course of treatment, pronounced positive dynamics are observed. Other methods of exposure are electrophoresis with medicines, magnetic therapy, ultrasound, mud and mineral baths.

Alternative medicine

In the presence of a thin endometrium, folk remedies play an important role, since many herbal remedies can improve blood supply and stimulate the development of epithelial cells.

The most popular is sage infusion. Prepare and use it as follows:

1. Add 200 ml of boiling water to one spoon of crushed dry extract.
2. Let it brew for several hours.
3. Take for 4 months in the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle. Dosage - 100 ml 1-2 times a day.

An infusion of boron uterus is prepared in a similar way.

Women are recommended to drink special teas and decoctions daily. Healing properties possess raspberry leaves, elderberry inflorescences, yarrow, mint, nettle, chamomile and others. They can be consumed separately, but the collection has a greater effect. Dry plant extracts are mixed in equal proportions and brewed in boiling water before use. Drink this decoction 30 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day.

Treatment folk remedies doesn't give basic therapeutic effect, but has auxiliary action. With a combination of non-traditional and drug therapy Thickening of the endometrium can be observed after two to three months. You should consult your doctor about the presence of contraindications and the admissibility of using herbal medicines, since some of them can aggravate the course of the pathological process.

Diet and lifestyle for endometrial hypoplasia

Proper nutrition for thin endometrium has key value. Some vitamins, such as A, E and K, as well as trace elements in the form of salicylates, can improve blood circulation and nutrition of internal organs.

IN daily diet you need to turn on bold sea fish, tomatoes, sweet pepper, cucumbers, beans, cabbage and spinach. good therapeutic effect apples, currants, raspberries and grapes have. Dried fruits, honey and red wine stimulate hematopoiesis and blood circulation.

With this pathology, you should not limit the use of herbs and spices. Paprika, thyme, cinnamon and some other oriental flavor additives will come in handy, although for many other diseases they are considered prohibited.

The woman is recommended to have an active lifestyle, adherence to work and rest schedules, and restrictions on psycho-emotional experiences. If necessary, appointed sedatives. It is recommended to visit sports sections and the swimming pool. Every day it is necessary to perform special gymnastic exercises that improve blood microcirculation in the pelvic area.

The inner layer of the uterus plays an important role - it nourishes the fetus. But there is such a pathology as thin endometrium. It is because of this that the embryo cannot develop and grow normally. It is necessary to find out the causes and prescribe the correct treatment.

The endometrium is the inner mucous layer of the uterine wall with a large number blood vessels. It takes an active part during pregnancy - the embryo is attached to it and feeds from it.

It is this that allows the fetus to breathe and eat, and most importantly, to develop properly. Thin endometrium is a pathology during gestation and needs to be treated.

The less female hormones in the body, the smaller the layer.

With thin endometrium, a woman in everyday life does not feel discomfort, but when planning a pregnancy it is extremely undesirable, as it can provoke a miscarriage or non-attachment of the fetus.

Most often, the inner layer of the uterus, enlarged to 10-13 mm, is last days cycle helps the egg to attach more easily.

This means that it is easier to get pregnant. But a small layer, on the contrary, does not allow this to be done. In this case, a long course of treatment is required.

Symptoms

If the girl is not pregnant or is not planning a pregnancy, then notice this problem difficult.

But in case of frequent miscarriages or in the absence of pregnancy while planning it, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. In this case, most often a thin layer of endometrium is found.

But there are still several symptoms that can be noticed without medical intervention:

Irregular, short or light periods. How thinner layer, the more irregular and less frequent the menstruation.
Frequent miscarriages and infertility.
Decreased libido and painful sensations during sexual intercourse.
Headaches, unstable mood.
High blood pressure.
Painful sensations in muscles, joints and lower back.
Bloody discharge outside of menstruation.
Hot flashes and increased sweating.
Full breasts.

Read also: Pelvic venous ectasia - dilation of the myometrial veins in a woman

If these signs appear, you should consult a doctor. It is the lack of thickness of the layer in the uterus that leads to infertility, and in this case it begins to gradually increase. It grows slowly and the recovery procedure is long.

Diagnostics

If signs of pathology are detected, you should contact a gynecologist. He will prescribe an examination and further treatment.

According to statistics, every third woman in the world has a thin endometrium. There are modern technologies examinations to identify the disease.

To determine the thickness of the endometrium of the uterus, the following examinations are prescribed:

Ultrasound of the uterus - thin endometrium in the uterus is determined at any stage of the menstrual cycle, and it must be performed several times to accurately detect hypoplasia.
Blood test to determine hormonal levels.
Biopsy of the uterus.
Histological analysis of uterine tissue.
Urinalysis.

The above procedures help not only to detect pathology, but also to understand the reason for the thin thickness of the endometrium. And only after identifying these factors can you understand what to do and prescribe further treatment.

Therapy methods

Treatment of thin endometrium can be carried out in several ways - therapeutic, medicinal and methods traditional medicine. One type or another is prescribed depending on the reasons that provoked it.

As for traditional medicine, in this case phytoestrogens are used - herbal preparations that contain large amounts of female hormones - estrogens.

They, in turn, have a beneficial effect on the thickness of the inner layer of the uterus. Seeds and grains of cereals and legumes, as well as herbs - chamomile, chaga and others.

But the effect of traditional medicine cannot completely restore the balance of female hormones.

Traditional medicine only serves as prevention and additional assistance in the treatment of thin endometrium. Before use traditional methods, you should consult your doctor.

But the methods of therapeutic treatment are very effective. These include:

Taking hormones (with low levels of estrogen and progesterone).
Therapeutic massage.
Gymnastics.
Physiotherapeutic procedures.
Magnetic therapy.
Mud baths.
Water therapy.

Read also: Signs of endometrial hyperplastic process - mixed form

These methods can effectively treat pathology with poor blood flow or in the presence of inflammatory infectious processes in the uterus.

If the endometrium does not grow, then surgical operations are used. In this case surgically The small top layer is removed, stimulating the growth of new healthy endometrium.

All therapeutic procedures are recommended to be used in combination with proper nutrition And in a healthy way life, as well as frequent walks on fresh air. Need to give up bad habits, soda, fast food and eat more foods that contain phytoestrogens.

Coagulation

Coagulation is a procedure for burning uterine tissue followed by removal of the top layer of epithelium. In this case, the uterus is damaged, and then it begins to heal with the growth of new healthy epithelium.

Nowadays, this is a safe procedure that allows you to restore the former elasticity of the uterus; it is absolutely harmless for nulliparous girls.

There are 4 methods of coagulation: electrocoagulation, chemical, radio wave and argon plasma.

Each method has its own contraindications, so it is prescribed by the treating gynecologist. Also, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Scraping

Scraping is also called “cleaning”. This procedure can only be prescribed by a gynecologist.

When curettage, the top layer of the uterine epithelium is removed, leaving the germinal layer. It is from this that a new layer of the required thickness grows.

Curettage is carried out both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment. For diagnostic purposes, a sample is taken and the pathology and root cause are determined. In case of treatment, the entire mucous membrane (top layer) is scraped out.

This procedure effectively treats pathology and is one of the most comfortable gynecological interventions.

Drug treatment

To grow the required layer - from 7 millimeters - a balance of female hormones is necessary.

In this case, medications containing estrogen and progesterone, prescribed by a doctor, are very helpful. The most commonly used oral medications are tablets.

Drug treatment is used when thin endometrium is associated with hormonal imbalance. Appointed certain type medication and course of treatment.