A concussion is a closed brain injury, which is expressed in a temporary disruption of connections between neurons as a result of micro-displacement of tissues and a sudden increase in intracranial pressure. In this case, the nutrition of brain cells, biochemical and physico-chemical parameters of the brain matter are disrupted. These disorders are reversible, but if left untreated and without bed rest, they can lead to long-term complications. Repeated concussions significantly increase the risk of developing epi syndrome, parkinsonism, and early dementia.

Causes of concussion

• Falling from your height and hitting the back of your head, which is often encountered in icy conditions.
• A blow to the head with a blunt object (including a ball, a children's toy, a heavy book).
• Sharp braking or starting of a vehicle, strong shaking at high speed.
• Often, a concussion is a consequence of behavior while heavily intoxicated.

Symptoms of a concussion. Brief loss of consciousness followed by retrograde amnesia. , nausea, vomiting, drowsiness during the day or insomnia at night are possible autonomic symptoms(sweating, facial skin flushing, intestinal dysfunction). Consciousness after injury may be preserved, but there is a disturbance in perception and reactions to stimuli. Bright light, loud sounds, and any physical activity are harmful to the patient. The period for returning to normal activity is five to seven days, but small functional changes in brain function may persist for up to a year after the injury.

Diagnosis of concussion. To differentiate from other brain injuries, the absence of damage to the skull bones is important, normal indicators cerebrospinal fluid, absence of visual changes in brain tissue. Conduct computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, spinal puncture.

Treatment of concussion with traditional methods

It is possible to treat a concussion at home only when a diagnosis has been made by a neuropathologist and at least two days of observation in a hospital. These measures will help rule out other brain injuries and avoid serious complications. The main condition of treatment is bed rest and exclusion of any mental and emotional stress.

Collection that reduces excitability nervous system. Mix equal amounts of mint, thyme, and motherwort. Pour two tablespoons of the composition into a thermos and brew 500 ml of boiling water, seal. After an hour, strain and take 120 ml portions throughout the day. The course of treatment is 10 days.

Soothing and restorative collection. Hop cones, buckthorn bark, valerian root, lemon balm, fireweed, St. John's wort, birch leaves - equal parts of everything. Brew three tablespoons of the collection with a liter of boiling water in a thermos. Leave the medicine for two hours. Take half a glass four times a day for two weeks.

Honey and bee pollen to improve neuron nutrition. Prepare a mixture of honey and bee pollen taken equally. It is preferable to use mint honey; acacia honey is also suitable. Take 10 ml of medication four times a day. It is preferable to drink it simply warm water. The mixture also has a mild sedative effect. Use the indicated dosage for the first week, after which for another month - two tablespoons of the mixture per day.

Myrtle and elecampane for concussion. Combine the leaves of myrtle and elecampane equally; first chop the components well. Brew a tablespoon of the composition in a volume of two glasses of boiling water, leave for half an hour. Take 200 ml twice daily. It is preferable to start drinking the infusion a week after the injury, using other recipes before that. The course is two months.

Ginkgo biloba leaf to improve brain metabolism. Grind dry ginkgo leaves into fine crumbs and add a teaspoon to food twice a day. You can take ginkgo simply with water. Use the product within six months after the injury.

Restoring brain health with natural vitamins. Ingredients: 200 g fresh spinach, 50 g green onions, two hard-boiled yolks chicken eggs, two tablespoons of sunflower oil. Chop the spinach, combine with chopped green onions, and crumble the yolks into it. Mix everything, season with sunflower oil, salt to taste. Eat this salad daily for three weeks after your injury. In the future, prepare the same salad at least twice a week. It is also useful to use these ingredients in other dishes.

Walnut as a source of nutrition for a damaged brain. Eat five to seven daily walnuts, crushed and mixed with honey. Treatment course three months, and after a twenty-day break it is recommended to repeat it. Walnuts can be replaced with walnut oil, for example for a child or for stomach diseases and duodenum. The dosage for an adult is a tablespoon daily for six months, the dosage for a child after three years is a teaspoon a day for two months in a row, for a child over seven years old is two teaspoons a day for two months.

Sea buckthorn and hawthorn for effective recovery brain functions. Wash the sea buckthorn and hawthorn, crush it with a rolling pin on a cutting board and remove the seeds. The fruit ratio is 1:1. Add honey to the mixture, a third of the total volume of fruits (for example, if there are 500 ml of sea buckthorn and 500 ml of hawthorn, then there is a little more than 300 ml of honey). Store in the refrigerator. Take the mixture 20 ml twice a day in courses of two weeks, and take a break for ten days. The course is six months.

Collection for the treatment of concussion in early period. Mix equally hawthorn flowers, chamomile flowers, cudweed grass, and motherwort. Brew one heaped tablespoon of the mixture with 200 ml of boiling water, leave for half an hour, strain. Drink two tablespoons of infusion three times a day for two weeks.

Infusion of cinnamon with mint for headaches and insomnia after a concussion. Brew a teaspoon of ground cinnamon and a tablespoon of chopped mint in a thermos with a liter of just boiled water, leave for half an hour. Take 100 ml throughout the day, four to six times a day. Adjust the dose depending on how you feel. Use in the early period after injury.

Collection to reduce the intensity of concussion symptoms. Combine equally mullein, lemon balm, plantain, nettle, clover flowers, oregano, black currant shoots, rose hips, wild rosemary sprigs. Brew two tablespoons of the resulting mixture with a liter of boiling water, leave in a water bath for 10-12 minutes, then remove, cover and wait until the broth cools. Strain. Take three tablespoons of the medicine twice a day. Depending on how you feel, the dose can be increased by one and a half to two times.

Anise fruit tincture for the treatment of concussion. Mash a glass of anise fruit in a mortar, pour into a half-liter glass jar, and fill with vodka up to the neck. Close the jar tightly, place in a dark place, leave at a temperature of 20-25°C for 20 days. Take a teaspoon of tincture daily with 150 ml warm water. The course of treatment is 40 days.

Peony tincture for treating concussions at home. Grind the peony root, put it in a 500 ml glass jar, fill it with vodka 1:2. Close the jar tightly. Infuse the medicine in a dark place at a temperature of 18-25°C for 15 days. Take one teaspoon daily in courses of 10 days with breaks for a week. The total duration of treatment is six months.

Potatoes for concussion. Grind raw potatoes and squeeze out the juice: you will need 150 ml of ready-made juice per serving. Drink one or two servings potato juice per day for the first ten days after a concussion.

Cabbage juice with flaxseed from a concussion. Chop fresh cabbage and squeeze out the juice in a juicer. Add two teaspoons of flaxseed to 200 ml of juice and leave for 20 minutes. Drink the infusion in two doses throughout the day. Take for two weeks after a brain injury.

Pine nuts and sea buckthorn juice to treat concussions. Pound pine nuts in a mortar and combine 1:1 with fresh juice sea ​​buckthorn. It is better to prepare sea buckthorn juice yourself: crush the sea buckthorn, then rub the mixture through a sieve. Mix the ingredients into a homogeneous mass and add honey to taste. Take 30ml medicinal mixture every day, you can drink tea or plain water. The course of treatment is four to six months.

Figs, raisins and pistachios for effective restoration of brain function. Chop two parts figs, one part pistachios, and one part raisins and mash into a homogeneous mass. Take half a cup of the mixture every day as a daily dessert for six to seven months after your brain injury.

Raspberry and white willow for headaches after a concussion. Combine chopped raspberry shoots and white willow bark equally. Brew a tablespoon of the mixture in a thermos with 500 ml of boiling water, leave for two hours. Take 120 ml of infusion three times a day for a week after injury to get rid of headaches.

Prevention of concussion. Avoid extreme entertainment and fights. Don't abuse alcohol. When playing sports, wear protective equipment. Use the services of drivers who have official permission to transport passengers. In winter, wear comfortable and stable shoes and walk on cleared or sanded paths.

Shoshina Vera Nikolaevna

Therapist, education: Northern medical university. Work experience 10 years.

Articles written

There is a public perception that a concussion is minor injury. The sufferer will lie down and everything will go away on its own, and at home. Like, anti-concussion pills are a stupid waste of money.

• Ketorolac;
• Diclofenac;
• Meloxicam;
• Movalis.

The main side effect of drugs in this group is an irritant effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

Nootropics

Having a stimulating effect on the higher nerve functions. They increase the brain's resistance to increased loads, normalize metabolic processes.

Popular pills for concussions in adults:

• Nootropil;
• Cinnarizine;
• Pantogam;
• Cerebrolysin;
• Ceraxon;
• Pantocalcin.

Nootropics come in various forms dosage forms. If an injectable drug is prescribed, the victim should be hospitalized.

Vasotropic agents

With head injuries, blood supply to the brain tissue may be impaired. They are accompanied by spasm of vascular lines and the formation of blood clots.

The active substances of vasotropic drugs act directly on vascular wall. This eliminates spasm, normalizes blood composition and erythrocyte function, and improves metabolic processes.

List of typical ones of this group:

• Pentoxifylline;
• Naftidrofuryl;
• Vinpocetine;
• Actovegin;
• Mexidol;
• Nicergoline.

Vasotropics, like nootropics, are used only on a hospital basis, since their dosages and ratios are calculated individually.

The main side effects of vasotropes are headaches, insomnia, nausea and vomiting. Drugs in this group are not used in the treatment of concussion in a child.

Diuretics

With head injuries and contusions, a common symptom is increased intracranial pressure. To relieve swelling and prevent further damage to brain tissue, the use of diuretics is indicated.

Medicines for concussion of this pharmaceutical group are often prescribed in tablet form. Infusion solutions are indicated only for severe head injuries.

What the doctor will prescribe:

• Diacarb;
• Aldactone.

These are short-term medications. The main side effects of diuretics are excessive excretion of salts from the body, headaches, dizziness, and disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. Unpleasant symptoms develop immediately after administration. If undesirable effects occur, stop using diuretics.

For dizziness and nausea

Nausea and dizziness are common complaints after head injuries. They develop due to excess production of serotonin. The following will help inhibit hormone production and reduce discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract:

• Olanzapine;
• Droperidol;
• Motilium;
• Cerucal;
• Betaserc;
• Vertigo;
• Cennarisine.

From side effects patients noted increased drowsiness, gastrointestinal irritation, and rarely dry mouth. Such symptoms do not require discontinuation of medications, but effective dosages should be reconsidered.

At mild form These medications are not indicated for concussions.

Sedatives

Sedation medications are prescribed for any severity of head injury. The main requirement for this group of drugs is the absence of a pronounced hypnotic effect, but at the same time normalization of sleep and reduction of emotional stress.

Sedative pills for concussions are most often performed on plant based. The doctor will prescribe:

• Valerian;
• Motherwort;
• Persen;
• Phytosed;
• Novo-passit;
• Corvalol.

Herbal medicines are produced only in tablet form or in the form of drops for oral administration. They are available from pharmacies without a prescription and have a budget price.

They are well tolerated, with a small number of contraindications and side effects. More strong drugs not indicated for such injuries.

Tranquilizers

Tranquilizers are psychotropic drugs of artificial origin. Relieves increased anxiety, phobic disorders, stop the increased convulsive state.

Drugs in this group are rarely used for concussion. But according to indications, the doctor will prescribe:

• Afobazole;
• Nozepam;
• Relanium.

Medicines reduce the level of daytime activity and concentration, improve and deepen sleep.

These are prescription drugs. They are taken only as prescribed by a doctor and according to the regimen prescribed by him. Otherwise, they may become addictive.

Vitamins

A lack of vitamins and microelements will only aggravate the symptoms of injury. Therefore, complex therapy includes vitamin complexes. Both specialized drugs are indicated - most often these are injectable forms of vitamin B, and multicomponent products.

What the doctor will suggest:

• Neurovitan;
• Neovitam;
• Neurobion;
• Magnicum;
• Vitrum;
• Superia.

Injectable forms of drugs are used in the initial post-traumatic period. Tablets – for daily use outpatient treatment. The course of treatment with vitamins is long and can be carried out over several months.

Other

Other treatments for head injury include anticonvulsants. They are used only in severe cases of concussion and when the patient has seizures.

These are prescription drugs. IN difficult cases the introduction of injectable forms with the transition to tablets is indicated. Take anticonvulsants only in recommended dosages and according to the regimen suggested by the doctor.

Typical representatives of this pharmaceutical group:

• Trimethadione;
• Ethosuximide.

At mild degree trauma or in the absence of seizures for more complex head injuries anticonvulsants are not used.

The main side effects of drugs in this group are nausea, disorientation in space, the appearance of fears, phobias, and hallucinations.

A concussion is a complex injury with unpredictable and long-term consequences. Treating it yourself is dangerous to your health.

There is no need to ask the pharmacy which medications are best for a concussion and how to take them. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor after examining the patient.

A mild concussion is a traumatic brain injury that causes short-term changes in the functioning of this organ. Pathological condition occurs as a result of blows and bruises. Primary symptoms are almost invisible, but slight concussion may later cause severe consequences in the form of headaches or Parkinson's disease. Timely the right help and accurate compliance with the doctor’s instructions will avoid unnecessary complications.

What is a concussion

Closed mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concussion (lat. commocio cerebri). At the same time, no significant disturbances occur in the functioning of the brain; symptoms are fleeting. Such concussions account for 70 to 90% of all cases of TBI. It is difficult to make a diagnosis, so the disease often goes unnoticed.

About a third of patients receive a concussion while intoxicated; the victims are unable to understand what happened in time and seek help after a long time. In this case, errors in diagnosis can reach 50%. With a concussion, macrostructural changes do not occur and tissue integrity does not change. The disruption of interneuronal interaction is short-term, tissue damage is diffuse.

Reasons

Concussion is a consequence of mechanical impact: indirect (acceleration trauma, inertial), direct (impact head injury). As a result, the brain array is displaced relative to the axis of the body and the cranial cavity, the synaptic apparatus is damaged, and tissue fluid is redistributed. Among common reasons head injuries:

• RTA (traffic accidents);
• criminal cases;
• injuries at home, at work,
• playing sports.

Signs of a concussion

Symptoms depend on the severity of the injury. The pathological condition is divided into degrees:

• First: clouding of the state, confusion of speech without memory loss.
• Second: amnesia is acceptable, but without fainting.
• Third: the patient loses consciousness.

Concussion is considered as light form TBI. The pathological condition has 3 stages:

• Acute period. Lasts from the moment of injury until the condition stabilizes, on average about two weeks. At this time, metabolic processes in damaged tissues proceed faster, autoimmune reactions are launched in relation to companion cells and neurons.
• Intermediate. It lasts from the moment of stabilization of impaired brain functions until their normalization, the duration is about two months. In the intermediate period, homeostasis is restored, and other pathological conditions may form.
• Long-term (residual) period. The patient is recovering (possibly progression of neurological diseases arising due to injury, duration: 1.5–2.5 years. The well-being of the period is individual, determined by the capabilities of the central nervous system (central nervous system), the presence neurological pathology before TBI, features of the immune system.

In an adult

The main symptom of a concussion in an adult is a disorder of consciousness at the time of injury. Immediately after the incident, you may still experience:

• partial or complete amnesia;
• headache; dizziness;
• ringing, noise in the ears;
• vomiting, attacks of nausea;
• oculostatic phenomenon of Gurevich (with certain movements eyeballs statics are broken);
• insomnia;
• weakness;
• dystonia of facial vessels (pallor turning into hyperemia);
• excessive sweating;
• neurological manifestations: asymmetry of the corners of the mouth, quickly passing, dilation or constriction of the pupils;
• nystagmus (oscillatory eye movements);
• unsteadiness of gait;
• poor facial expression.

After injury and concussion, amnesia often occurs. Memory loss varies depending on when it occurs:

• Retrograde: circumstances and events that occurred before the injury are forgotten.
• Congradnaya: the patient’s memory disappears from the period of time corresponding to the injury.
• Anterograde: There is a loss of memories of events that occurred after the injury.

In children

The clinical picture in children is rapid, the signs of a concussion are more indicative. The pathological condition has symptoms caused by the compensatory capabilities of the central nervous system, unfinished calcification of the sutures, and the elasticity of the elements of the skull. The disease in older children often occurs without loss of consciousness, vegetative symptoms are present: the color of the skin changes, tachycardia occurs. The pain is localized at the site of injury. The acute period is shortened (lasts 10 days). The following symptoms are observed:

• increase in temperature;
• cold sweat;
• pale face;
• loud crying, then the child falls asleep.

In children, due to slight differentiation of the central nervous system, there may be no symptoms. Children over 2 years of age may experience ringing in the ears and short-term blindness. For children 2-5 years old, the following symptoms are typical:

• attacks of vomiting, nausea, desire to constantly drink;
• impaired coordination;
• temperature rises, the child begins to sweat:
• nystagmus;
• lack of facial expressions;
• lethargy, lethargy.

Complications

Post-concussion syndrome is a commonly diagnosed consequence of a concussion. The condition develops against the background of a previous head injury and is accompanied by drowsiness, headache, attacks of dizziness, numbness of the limbs, paresthesia, decreased memory, hypersensitivity to noise and light. Possible the following complications after traumatic brain injury:

• somatoform autonomic dysfunction;
• asthenic syndrome;
• memory problems;
• emotional instability, behavioral disorders;
• insomnia.

Diagnostics

The circumstances of the injury must be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Brain injury often resolves without objective signs. In the first hours after the incident, the doctor may notice loss of consciousness, nystagmus, unsteadiness of gait, double vision. During a concussion, there are no bone fractures, no deviations in the pressure and composition of the cerebrospinal fluid, with ultrasound examination expansions and displacements of the midline structures of the brain are not detected; computed tomography will not detect traumatic abnormalities.

Diagnosis of concussion is difficult due to the paucity of objective data. Basic diagnostic criterion– regression of symptoms within a week. The following are often carried out instrumental studies:

• X-ray (will show the absence of fractures);
• electroencephalography (the doctor will notice diffuse changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain);
• computed tomography, magnetic resonance (will show whether there are changes in the density of white and gray matter).

Treatment for concussion

Patients with suspected TBI are subject to hospitalization; they are observed in the hospital for about two weeks (the period depends on the severity of the injury). Hospital treatment is mandatory for victims if:

• fainting lasted more than 10 minutes;
• there are neurological focal symptoms that complicate the pathological condition;
• the patient denies the fact of loss of consciousness;
• convulsive syndrome;
• suspected fracture of the skull, fracture of the base of the skull, penetrating wound;
• confusion lasts for a long time.

If the initial degree of concussion occurs, the victim is sent for treatment at home, having previously examined him. The pathological condition is detected using CT or radiography. The therapist may prescribe an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound examination, examination by an ophthalmologist or neurosurgeon.

Home treatment after a concussion involves a course of medication lasting 2-3 weeks. The patient needs following conditions:

• dim lighting;
• bed rest;
• peace;
• refusal to watch TV, computer games, listening to loud music;
• absence physical activity, overstrain (mental, emotional);
• balanced diet, with the exception of products that provoke pressure surges (caffeine, spices, fatty foods, sweets, alcohol).

If you follow the doctor’s recommendations, the patient will feel improvement on the second day. In a week pathological symptoms must pass. After the course of treatment, it is better for the patient to refrain from exertion, lifting weights, and spend more time in nature. Rest and a gentle attitude towards yourself will help prevent the development of complications such as dizziness, migraines, and vascular disorders.

First aid

If there is a suspicion of a concussion, and consciousness quickly returned to the victim, he should be placed in a lying position, with his head slightly raised. If a person does not come to his senses, then he needs to be placed in a saving position:

• place on the right side;
• tilt your head back so that your face is directed towards the surface;
• bend the left arm and leg at a right angle, provided there are no fractures of the spine or limbs.

First aid for a concussion will save the victim from serious consequences. In this position, air easily passes into the lungs, and any liquid accumulating in the mouth, be it saliva, blood or vomit, flows out. In this position, the possibility of tongue retraction is excluded. Obvious wounds should be treated immediately. Next, the victim is taken to the emergency hospital to clarify the diagnosis. Bed rest is recommended for three days.

Drug therapy

Medication treatment for concussion is rarely required and is symptomatic. Pharmacotherapy is aimed at normalizing brain functions, relieving migraines, dizziness, insomnia, and nervousness. For concussions, the following groups of medications are prescribed:

• improving blood flow to cerebral vessels (Cinnarizine);
• analgesics (Pentalgin, Analgin, Sedalgin, Dexalgin, Maxigan);
• nootropics (Pyridol, Piracetam, Glycine, Nootropil);
• sedatives, antidepressants (motherwort, valerian, Corvalol, Valocordin, Afobazol, Sibazon, Grandoxin, Phenazepam);
• improving metabolic processes in the brain (Instenon, Nicotinate);
• normalizing the functioning of blood vessels (Cavinton, Sermion, Instenon);
• relieving dizziness (Cinnarizine, Tanakan, Platiphylline with Papaverine);
• sleeping pills (Relaxon, Donarmil);
• restoratives(vitamins, tonics, antioxidants).

Carrying out metabolic and vascular therapy promotes rapid recovery of brain function after a concussion. Doctors recommend combining vascular drugs with nootropic drugs. Among the possible combinations: taking Cavinton 1 tablet and Nootropil 2 capsules or 1 tablet Stugeron and Noopept three times a day for two months. Neuroprotectors provide metabolic support to the brain.

Head or neck injury may result. The health hazard is not so much the incident itself as the consequences that manifest themselves over time. A common way to fix this is functional disorder- complete peace. In severe cases, drug therapy is prescribed - anti-concussion pills. Sometimes hospitalization and treatment in a hospital setting are required. Drugs are selected in accordance with clinical picture, age and medical history of the patient.

Concussion in an adult

The human brain is located in a cerebrospinal fluid substance, which maintains it in a suspended state, which minimizes the effects of dynamic loads and sudden movements. If the impact is strong, the contents of the cranium are displaced and come into contact with hard bone tissue. This is called a concussion. The functional disorder is temporary and is accompanied by damage to small vessels and nerve tissue. In most cases, the injury does not pose a threat to the health of an adult.

However, without proper therapeutic measures the consequences can be severe, including the development of pathologies and inflammatory processes. Properly selected and taken in doses prescribed by the doctor, anti-concussion pills can restore the functional state of the organ. List and severity of trauma symptoms on the basis of which the complex is prescribed medications, depend on the location of the damage, the strength of the dynamic load and individual characteristics organism.

The clinical picture of traumatic brain injury in adults is:

• loss of consciousness;
• aching and bursting pain;
• dizziness, lack of coordination, problems with orientation in space;
• short-term amnesic (the victim does not remember the moment of injury and what happened immediately after it);
• lethargy, lethargy, drowsiness;
• increased heart rate, breathing and pulse.

The set of signs depends on the degree of damage received and the age of the victim. In older people, the main symptoms are often throbbing pain in the head, decreased vision, and disorientation in space and time.

Concussion in children

The clinical picture of a functional disorder is determined by the age factor. In the brain in infants and children under seven years of age, changes in impaired consciousness do not appear. Only observed:

1. Paleness of the face.
2. Rapid breathing and pulse.
3. General weakness of the body.
4. Drowsiness.

Infants have disturbed sleep for 2-3 days, exhibit restlessness, regurgitation during feeding, and other behavioral disorders. At this age, children cannot explain their own condition, so parents should be careful. Children are especially prone to such injuries due to their hyperactivity. Impaired coordination (for example, a child ate independently with a spoon, but at some point was unable to pick it up normally) is a reason to contact a neurologist. Often in children, concussions are asymptomatic.

If a child receives any head injury, it is important to immediately consult a doctor, at least for preventive and advisory purposes. If this is not done, the consequences can be hidden and severe. These include:

• disruption of cellular metabolism;
• microscopic tears in the gray matter in the cerebrospinal fluid;
• damage to blood vessels;
• dysfunction of transport of oxygen, minerals and nutrients
• hemorrhage, etc.

Any medications for a concussion should be given to a child only according to the decision of a neurologist and strictly in the indicated doses.

Drug therapy

Despite the relatively favorable prognosis and mild nature of the course, there are situations when it is necessary to take medications with a concussion. If a person who has suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) has persistent pain and bleeding from the ears and nose, he is offered to undergo a course of therapy at home or in a hospital setting. The following diagnostic procedures are preliminarily prescribed:

1. Radiography.
2. Magnetic resonance imaging.
3. Ophthalmological examination.
4. Electroencephalography.

Based on the data obtained, the doctor selects effective drug therapy. Used different drugs: from analgesics to potent diuretics and tranquilizers. The main goal of treatment is to restore the normal state of the brain matter. Drug therapy is aimed at eliminating headaches, increased irritability and other abnormal conditions characteristic of vertigo. Sedatives and sleeping pills, which must be taken only according to the decision of a neurologist.

The course of therapy may include neuroprotectors - biologically active compounds, the action of which is aimed at minimizing or completely eliminating pathophysiological and biochemical disorders in the functioning of nerve cells. They alleviate the condition of the victim, prevent the development of complications and restore the functions of the injured organ. Typical medications for concussions of the brain and surrounding tissues in older people are anti-sclerotic tablets.

These medications are used to treat acute conditions, which are observed after an injury and are accompanied by headaches of varying strength, nature and location. They can cause irritability, which significantly slows down the recovery process. Common pain medications for concussions:

1. Analgin. Used for mild discomfort.
2. Baralgin.
3. Pentalgin.
4. Maxilgun. An alternative to the usual Analgin.
5. Sedalgin. Used for moderate pain syndrome

Ketorolac and Diclofenac effectively relieve headaches - non-steroidal drugs anti-inflammatory action. To reduce discomfort and stop vomiting, you can drink Papaverine during a concussion ( antispasmodic medicine) or Tanakan - herbal preparation, pharmacological action which is due to the ability to stimulate metabolic processes in nerve cells. Baralgin is prescribed only to adults and children over 15 years of age.

It has a three-component combined composition and is able to effectively eliminate pain syndrome, as well as spasmodic conditions. This is a more potent remedy than Analgin. Therefore, for concussions, doctors often prescribe Baralgin. The tablets are quickly absorbed into the blood and begin to act. The maximum concentration is reached after 30 minutes. Distinctive feature The reason why it has become widespread is the lack of side effects.

Nootropics

Drug treatment with nootropic drugs is aimed at reducing the discomfort caused by the trauma. Such medications eliminate dizziness and restore coordination of movements. Nootropic tablets for concussion are prescribed when it is necessary to normalize blood circulation, stimulate metabolic processes in tissues and cells, and improve the supply of nutrients to nerve fibers and neurons.

At the rehabilitation stage, they help strengthen memory, normalize coordination of movements and improve attention. The answer to the question of what pills to take for a concussion largely depends on the severity, location and nature of the injuries received. A combination scheme is often used drug therapy, which includes nootropic agents that improve mnestic and cognitive functions of the brain.

Reception medicines this category gives good results both for young people and elderly patients. Common, frequently used and inexpensive nootropic medications:

1. Piracetam.
2. Glycine.
3. Pantogam.
4. Stugeron.

Piracetam enhances the synthesis of dopamine (a regulator of the wakefulness and sleep cycles) in the brain and increases the content of norepinephrine, an important neurotransmitter. Effective in the treatment of concussion Glycine tablets. This drug has the function of regulating the intensity metabolic processes in the central nervous system. It reduces irritability and has a calming effect. Another medicine with nootropic activity is Pantogam. It helps strengthen memory, improves thought processes, and increases the body's resistance to hypoxia.

Neurologists often prescribe Stugeron for concussions. It is especially effective when vestibular disorders. The cinnarizine contained in it stops calcium channels and inhibits the delivery of ions of this trace element to the smooth muscles of blood vessels, reducing their tone and thereby having a spasmodic effect and stimulating the blood circulation process. The most pronounced effect is on the arteries of the brain and the cervical spine, which is what is required in case of a concussion.

Taking medications with vasotropic action allows you to:

• strengthen the walls of blood vessels;
• give lost natural elasticity to the cerebral arteries;
• normalize blood viscosity;
• activate metabolism.

An effective cure for concussion is Vasotropin tablets, which neurologists prescribe to most patients with similar symptoms. It is a powerful donor of nitric oxide, restoring coordination of movements and eliminating discomfort caused by injury. When taking medication, it is especially important correct dosage, which can only be calculated by a doctor. Instenon is widespread, the effectiveness of which is determined by the combination of characteristics of the active substances.

This complex drug, consisting of hexobendine dihydrochloride, etophylline, etamivan and several auxiliary components. The first stimulates metabolism in the brain and heart muscles, which normalizes blood circulation. Etophylline has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the nervous system. Etamivan promotes activation of cortical and autonomic functions. It should be remembered: what medications to take and their dosage are determined only by the attending physician.

Oxibral also belongs to the category of vasotropic tablets, which improves cerebral circulation. It stimulates the metabolic process by accelerating the oxidation of glucose, which has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the body and increases the amount of oxygen entering neurons, thereby reducing the level of hypoxia caused by TBI. It is quickly absorbed into gastrointestinal tract and begins to act within minutes of administration.

Diuretics

Often the impact load on the bones of the skull leads to a sharp jump pressure in the brain cavity. In this case, diuretics are prescribed - drugs that help avoid serious consequences in the form of tissue swelling. Such concussion medications effectively reduce intracranial pressure by increasing urinary function. Diuretics should be taken only as prescribed by a neurologist and under medical supervision. There is a risk of disturbing the water-salt balance in the body.


Common tablets in this category are Veroshpiron, which is a specific antagonist of the mineralocorticosteroid hormone of the adrenal cortex of the prolonged action of aldosterone. The drug has a potassium-sparing effect and differs from other diuretics in that it does not disrupt the water-salt balance, but stabilizes it.

Furosemide is often used in the treatment of concussions, which has a hypotensive effect by intensifying the excretion of sodium chloride and reducing the tone of vascular smooth muscles. Diuresis begins within an hour after oral administration of the medication. In elderly patients therapeutic effect may be lower than in young people.

Many patients experience sleep disturbances, causeless anxiety, and spontaneously occurring fears. These conditions can be eliminated with sedative drugs. Such drug therapy:

1. Reduces nervous tension.
2. Helps stop the development of neuroses and neuropathic conditions.
3. Restores the functions of the central nervous system.
4. Enhances the effect of painkillers.

Many medicinal products this category are made from natural ingredients plant origin and contain only components that are safe for health. Only a neurologist can determine which sedative medications are best for a concussion. At home, you can drink a decoction of chamomile and green tea, which have a calming effect and relieve unmotivated emotional outbursts. Potent sedatives are available in different dosage forms.

These can be tablets (Corvalol, Miolastan), capsules (Apo-Closeropat, Geminevrin, Validol), drops (Barboval, Valocordin). Such drugs have soft action, do not have a large number side effects, non-addictive, well tolerated by any organism. They are often prescribed to older patients. While taking medications in this category, you should refrain from driving vehicles and operating dangerous machinery.

Treatment of concussion with tranquilizers is prescribed in cases where it is necessary to quickly relieve pain, restore sleep function, and improve the psycho-emotional state of a TBI victim. These are potent medications, the use of which must be coordinated with a neurologist. Do not exceed prescribed doses.


Tranquilizers have a depressing effect on the psyche. Their overdose can lead to fatal outcome. It is prohibited to use such drugs during pregnancy and lactation. This category of medications includes large number heavy psychotropic synthetic compounds. For example, Phenazepam, which is prescribed in particularly difficult cases. This is a highly active tranquilizer, superior in potency to other drugs in this category.

In case of concussion, it is prescribed if the patient’s condition is characterized by emotional lability, the occurrence of phobias and other severe psychological consequences suffered trauma. Phenazepam has a stable anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effect. Used for depression mental state patient due to trauma Elenium, Phenobarbital, Nozepam and a number of other medications similar action. These drugs should be treated with extreme caution.

Vitamins

Vitamin support is used for a speedy recovery. If you have a concussion, you should take:

1. Thiamine.
2. Pyridoxine.
3. Nicotinic and folic acids.

You should replenish your body with vitamins C. In combination, they will provide fast recovery brain cells and their protection from the effects of concussion. Helps improve tissue conductivity and regeneration of damaged cells Vitamins of the “neurological” group B. Multivitamin complexes should be taken after a concussion for a long time. They are effective not only for medicinal purposes.

Comprehensive vitamin support is needed for prevention and improvement of the general condition of the body. Restore immune status who have suffered as a result of trauma and stress, products will help with high content phosphorus and magnesium.

Among all ailments, head diseases are the most dangerous. Most skull injuries result in a concussion. It will not go away on its own and you definitely need to contact a specialist: a neurologist, traumatologist, or neurosurgeon.

After examination, he prescribes injections or pills for concussions. Since this diagnosis is serious, treatment must be carried out responsibly.

IN different situations a person may be injured: ice, car accident, loss of consciousness followed by a fall, domestic injuries, dangerous production, state of drug or alcohol intoxication.

The brain consists of soft tissues and, with a sharp blow, is displaced in the direction of the push, and then a return movement is created. As a result, the brain can be damaged by contact first with one side of the skull, then with the opposite. During the displacement process, vascular rupture, hematoma, hemorrhage, swelling and similar troubles can occur.

Even if you have a minor injury, you should get checked by a doctor to ensure a healthy future. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to give a person pills due to vomiting during a concussion.

Symptoms and stages

It's easy to overlook the symptoms. Especially if the patient has a mild concussion. But attentive attitude to your own health will help you identify the disease in time and take action. The main symptoms are the same for everyone and continue for some time after the patient begins to use medication for a concussion. Here are the main symptoms:

• dizziness;
• vomit;
• disorientation in space and time;
• decreased brain activity;
• negative reaction to harsh light;
• headache, often throbbing;
• pallor;
• loss of consciousness (fainting);
• amnesia;
• floaters, ripples before the eyes;
• high body temperature;
• feeling of fear, panic.

Depending on the force of the impact, the age and health of the victim, three stages of concussion can be distinguished. Based on the degree of damage, different treatments are prescribed.

Stage 1

With a minor injury, most often the patient does not lose consciousness, but if this happens, the fainting lasts no longer than 5 minutes. Such people experience dizziness, blurred vision, and pallor. Medical assistance definitely needed.

Stage 2

For medium degree The lesion is characterized by loss of consciousness for 10-15 minutes, vomiting, numbness of the fingers, ringing in the ears, and severe headache. You don't have to decide for yourself what medications to take for a concussion. Leave this to the discretion of the doctor - he has the knowledge and experience.

Stage 3

With significant injury, a person vomits, feels dizzy and has loud noise in the ears. Fainting can last up to half an hour. Memory cannot recall recent events; This is practically shell shock.

Concussion in children and adults: similarities and differences

In adults and children, the diagnosis and course of the disease, as well as the frequency of injury, differ.

Children

Kids cannot explain their feelings. Therefore, parents need to be attentive to the child and his behavior. If he is vomiting, he refuses to eat, he cries more than usual, there is a deterioration in coordination (for example, the baby has already eaten with a spoon himself, but in certain moment I couldn’t pick it up normally) – this is a reason to see a doctor.

In addition, children are more prone to injury, because they are restless, active, but still have poor control of movements and calculation of strength. If a child suffers a head injury in the presence of his parents, there is no need to wait for symptoms to appear; immediately take the victim to the emergency room.

Adults

More often than not, adults behave carefully, but no one is immune from injury. At the first suspicion of a concussion, you should contact a neurologist or an emergency room. Enduring pain and taking pills to relieve symptoms during a concussion is very harmful.

Elderly people

This category of people is less likely to be injured, but tolerates them worse. After a concussion, older people may develop dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and amnesia. Therefore, treatment for concussions in grandparents includes anti-sclerotic drugs. The dosage is calculated taking into account the age, weight and condition of the patient.

First aid to the victim

If a person suffers a head injury on the street, only a doctor can prescribe medication for a concussion. Therefore, it is necessary to provide first aid, but not to aggravate the situation. Here is a list of actions for a person without medical education.

1. Place the patient on his side. Thus, a person will not choke on vomit, and his tongue in an unconscious state will not block the airway.
2. If the head injury is open or other significant injuries are noticeable (fracture of a leg, spine, etc.), you should not move the victim of misfortune. Simply turn the victim's head to the side and monitor his breathing.
3. Treat wounds on the head with an antiseptic and the edges with iodine (if you have a first aid kit with you).
4. Call an ambulance and wait for it to arrive. Tell the doctors under what circumstances the injury occurred, how long ago, what medications the person is taking, whether he is intoxicated, how long he has been unconscious, and the like. Even unimportant details can play a leading role in the choice of prescribed drugs and which treatment to choose.

Diagnostics

To get a complete picture, doctors send a patient with a suspected concussion to comprehensive examination and only then are medications prescribed for concussions.

A person undergoes an X-ray, computed tomography, and less often an MRI, since it is not always informative in the case of a concussion in children or adults. Consultation with an ophthalmologist, EEG examination, and ultrasound are recommended.

Drug treatment

For any person, a concussion is an injury for which you will have to receive medication in the form of injections or IVs. In mild stages, take medications orally, in tablet form.

Treating a concussion is a long process. It may take 2-4 weeks. During this entire time, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to each prescribed medicine, understand the name, read the instructions and take it correctly. The patient must be hospitalized and receive basic treatment in the hospital under the supervision of specialists. After a concussion at home, you need to stick to the regime, get more rest and not overexert yourself.

If a patient is diagnosed with a concussion, treatment must begin; the doctor selects medications for each specific case and calculates the dosage. But there are general instructions and recommendations on which pills to prescribe.

1. Firstly, we need nootropic drugs with a concussion. They will restore health to the brain: Piracetam, Stugeron, Glycine, Nootropil.
2. To strengthen blood vessels, vasotropic agents are prescribed: Instenon, Cavinton, Teonicol.
3. To reduce swelling and reduce intracranial pressure, diuretics with a diuretic effect are used: Veroshpiron, Diakarb, Uregit.
4. To reduce headaches and stop vomiting, Papaverine, Belloid, Tanakan are suitable.
5. To normalize sleep and the general condition of the patient, tranquilizers are prescribed: Phenazepam, Dormiplant, Phenobarbital.
6. Next are medications to prevent seizures and epilepsy. Such drugs are prescribed only if, according to research, a person has a predisposition to epileptic seizures. But for older people, these drugs are prescribed in any case.
7. Antisclerotic agents for the elderly.
8. Vitamins.
9. Sleeping pills.
10. Sedatives, sedatives also required: valerian, Corvalol, motherwort.
11. Can be assigned separately.

Of course, it is not enough to pass drug treatment from a concussion and forget about the injury.

During treatment and for a long time Afterwards you need to be careful and follow simple rules:

• Full sleep. The first month after injury – at least 8-10 hours a day.
• High-quality and varied food.
• Eliminate coffee, chocolate, alcohol, nicotine, drugs.
• Ventilate the living space.
• Avoid reading, watching TV, playing games on the computer or phone, and even listening to music.
• Exercise your lungs physical exercise with the doctor's permission.
• Regularly take medications prescribed by your doctor for a concussion. Strict adherence to doses and time of administration guarantees quick recovery and no complications.

Despite a long stay in the hospital and taking medications, every person needs to take care after discharge. Treatment should not be abruptly stopped after a concussion. A gentle regime, sufficient rest and sleep are recommendations for everyone former patient. Try to always be careful and careful. But if an injury occurs, follow the advice of doctors and follow their instructions. Faith in speedy recovery and patient responsibility necessary condition for effective treatment.