Carrying out preventive vaccinations- the main way to prevent the development of infectious diseases for several decades. At the same time, vaccination has proven its effectiveness high efficiency, completely eliminating many dangerous infections. How to prepare a child’s body for the introduction of foreign microorganisms? How to reduce the risk of developing vaccination reactions and complications of vaccination? It is these questions that we will consider in the article.

Types of vaccinations - different approaches

There are two main goals of vaccination:

• preventing the spread of infection after its detection;
• prevention of infectious diseases not currently encountered.

Depending on these two goals, there are two types of vaccinations:

• extra;
• planned.

The planned supply of vaccines is closely related to the national vaccination calendar - this is a state document regulating the type of vaccination and the time of its implementation for each age group population. It is important to note that any planned vaccination can be postponed to a later date without harm to health if there are medical or social indications for this (illness of the child, cases of infectious diseases in the family).

Emergency vaccination is associated with cases of infectious outbreaks in the child’s place of residence. This could be identifying cases of diphtheria, polio, or the death of animals from rabies. IN similar situations, the vaccine is indicated for all children, since the risk of negative effects of the disease is many times greater than the risk of developing complications from vaccination.

General rules for preparing for vaccinations

There are four simple rules, which will help you prepare your child for the next vaccination and reduce the risk of complications and vaccine reactions:

1. Before any vaccination, the child must be thoroughly examined by a pediatrician. This is necessary to identify possible acute or chronic diseases in the acute stage. Only after this can the baby be vaccinated;
2. If any deviations from the norm are detected, the doctor should prescribe additional methods research or consult about the child with doctors of other specialties;
3. When the temperature rises to 37.5 - 38 o C, it is necessary to use antipyretics in dosages appropriate for age (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol);
4. 2-3 days before vaccination and 2-3 days after the vaccine, prevent the child from contacting other people. Such a step allows one to prevent infection with infectious agents with almost 100% certainty.

Compliance with such recommendations makes it easier to carry out vaccination in children and prevent the development of undesirable effects associated with both the vaccination itself and environmental influences. At the same time, the preparation rules are common for any vaccine - DPT, BCG, rubella, etc. No special preparatory measures are required.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the use of antiallergic drugs (Fenistil, Suprastin, etc.). Recently, there has been a tendency towards their widespread administration to all children at the pre-vaccination stage. However, prescribing these drugs makes sense only in the case of children with an allergic background (allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, etc.).

In this case, an antihistamine is chosen on the recommendation of a pediatrician, most often it is Fenistil, which has fewer possible side effects. Children who have never had an allergic reaction do not benefit from using antihistamines.

Preparing for vaccination of children of different ages

When vaccinating children, the age of the child also plays a certain role in preparation.

Newborn and infant

The most main recommendation on preparing children for breastfeeding concerns their mother. It is not recommended to introduce new types of foods into the diet, as this may cause increased sensitivity the baby's body to various allergens. In addition, you should not overfeed your child before vaccination - this can lead to various dyspeptic symptoms (regurgitation, nausea and diarrhea), which can be mistakenly interpreted as a consequence of the vaccination itself.

If the child is on artificial feeding, then 5-7 days before vaccination, no new types of mixtures are introduced and the daily volume of feeding is slightly reduced.

Vaccination at one year of age and older

A one-year-old child is much stronger than infants. However, by this age, the baby may develop an allergic predisposition to some factors. In this regard, it is necessary to carefully monitor the child’s external reactions to various products, and even more so on medicines.

Plays a big role at this age psychological readiness children to visit medical institution. It is necessary to talk with him and try to calm the child so that he does not associate this trip to the clinic with pain or other negative emotions.

Proper preparation of a child for preventive vaccinations allows you to minimize the risk of vaccine reactions and post-vaccination complications. Follow simple recommendations, stated above, is necessary every time when preparing a baby for vaccination.

Anton Yatsenko, pediatrician, especially for the site

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Vaccination is the only thing reliable way protect the child from severe infections. , tetanus and other diseases can not only cause a person’s disability, but also lead to fatal outcome. And if parents strictly adhere to the vaccination schedule, then they should know everything about preparing for vaccination.

Absolute health

It’s not for nothing that when examining a child before vaccination, pediatricians ask parents how long the patient has been ill colds. The fact is that even an ordinary acute respiratory viral infection occurring against the background of vaccination can lead to serious complications– for example, to pneumonia (inflammation of the lung tissue). Therefore, parents should remember the following:

If the child is allergic

Allergies are not at all a contraindication to vaccination - you just need to know the nuances of vaccinating children with allergies against infections. Parents should pay attention to the following points:

1. Vaccination can be carried out only during the period of remission - there should be no manifestations of allergies for 3 weeks.
2. 3 days before the scheduled date of vaccination, the doctor may recommend that the baby take antihistamines and it is better to avoid Tavegil and Suprastin - they dry out the mucous membrane, which is undesirable when the body temperature rises (and this usually happens immediately after vaccination).
3. In order to prevent the development of post-vaccination allergies, the child must stop taking medications with vitamin D 3 days before vaccination.
4. Calcium will help alleviate the condition of an allergic child after vaccination; it should be given 2-3 days before vaccination.

Of course, before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician and if the presence of any diseases is suspected, the baby will be prescribed more in-depth examination. Parents have the right to inquire about the quality of the vaccine, but they are unlikely to be able to influence the choice - responsibility for the quality of the administered vaccine falls solely on the medical institution.

Parents should remember the following:

1. On the day of vaccination, the child must have a bowel movement - constipation can lead to a severe course of the post-vaccination period. You can give your baby a laxative, but it is better to simply insert special suppositories into the rectum - they have an exclusively targeted effect.
2. If on the day of vaccination the child behaves inappropriately, then you need to inform the pediatrician about this - it is unlikely that the doctor will independently guess that instead nap There was hysterics, and the baby flatly refused breakfast. Such nuances may become a reason to delay vaccination - you will need to monitor the child’s health for several days to make sure it is absolutely correct.
3. While waiting in line for vaccination, it is better not to sit with your baby in the corridor of the clinic, but to go out into the fresh air - let one of your relatives wait in line alone. The fact is that in clinics there are children with viral infections– it won’t be difficult to get infected. If there is no “support group” of relatives, then you should take with you saline solution in the form of a spray and do one injection into the nose every 10-15 minutes - this will prevent infection.

Important:many parents believe that colds in the post-vaccination period - this is the result of vaccination. But in fact, this development of events is connected with long stay baby in clinics next to sick children.

1. Immediately after vaccination, do not rush to go home, but take a walk near the clinic for about 30 minutes - this time is enough to determine the child’s condition, and if there is the slightest deviation, it is better to consult a pediatrician for advice.

After vaccination, you need to closely monitor the child’s well-being - if the temperature rises even to low-grade levels (37 degrees), it is worth giving antipyretic medications. If hyperthermia reaches high performance, the baby behaves inappropriately (cries, refuses to eat, often asks to go to the toilet, drowsiness is noted), then you should immediately seek medical help.

Vaccination- the only way to protect against a number of diseases that cannot be cured by other means or the treatment itself can cause complications (for example, measles, diphtheria, etc.). Congenital immunity to infectious diseases from which there are vaccinations- No. If the child’s mother once had them, then for the first 3-6 months of life the full-term baby can be protected by maternal antibodies that reached him through the placenta during pregnancy and through breast milk. Premature babies and bottle-fed babies do not have such protection. Since the possibility of getting sick due to contact with other people is great, it is very important to vaccinate children from a very early age.

How to prepare your baby for vaccination and try to minimize the risk of complications?

Let us immediately note that healthy children do not need to be specially prepared for vaccination, you just need to first measure your body temperature (it should be normal, usually 36.6 degrees C; in children under 1 year normal temperature maybe 37.1--37.2 degrees due to the peculiarities of heat exchange, it is increased, it is not in vain that children who already walk and run are recommended to be dressed a little colder than adults), bring the child to a specialist and answer his questions. Some doctors resort to the practice of prescribing all children before vaccination, so to speak prophylactically, to take antiallergic drugs, for example TAVEGIL, CLARITIN, ZYRTEK. In reality, there is no such “universal” need. Not all children are predisposed to allergies and, accordingly, not all need such medications. Rather, this is due to the doctor’s desire to be on the safe side once again or due to the fact that identifying children at risk for allergies is a more labor-intensive process. But if the child is prone to allergic reactions, then prophylactic use antiallergic drugs are justified. For example, such a situation, a child of the first year of life, who has not previously shown allergies, is vaccinated against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP). First graft(in the first year DPT is done three times) passed without any special features, but after the second vaccinations the child was introduced to a new diet, and the baby developed an allergic rash for the first time, which means that before the third vaccination the child should be given a prophylactic antiallergic drug so that the rash does not recur. To prevent post-vaccination complications, the doctor must, first of all, assess the child’s health status before vaccination. Identify contraindications to it - temporary and permanent (for example, a severe allergic reaction to the previous administration of a similar vaccine), and decide whether it is necessary to prescribe any preliminary additional examinations and medications. Before vaccination, the doctor (paramedic) examines the child, measures the temperature (it should be normal - 36.6 degrees C), asks the parents in detail about the child’s life, diseases he has suffered, etc. Parents, in turn, must inform the doctor about all the features and health problems of their baby.

What you need to tell your doctor:

1. Did your temperature rise in the days leading up to vaccination? Were there any other signs of illness, such as coughing, sneezing, runny nose, that might indicate the onset of illness?
2. Does the child have any chronic diseases and does he constantly receive medications for this? If so, which ones?
3. Have you previously had seizures, severe allergic reactions to food, medications, etc.?
4. It is necessary to tell how the child endured previous vaccinations whether his temperature increased, whether his health worsened, etc.
5. Not recommended vaccinations immediately after returning from long trip, especially if the climate has changed dramatically, as this creates conditions for diseases.
6. It is necessary to say whether the child has received blood-based medications or had a blood transfusion in the last three months. This affects the timing of subsequent vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps; they increase because Blood products contain ready-made antibodies - specific protective blood proteins against these infections, which “prevent” the child from actively developing immunity himself.

If, during the examination before vaccination, the doctor concludes that the child is practically healthy, a graft.

When and how are sick children vaccinated?

If a child has diseases that are currently not exacerbating and he needs to do vaccination, then preliminary examinations are added to the preventive measures carried out in healthy children. The question of the need to appoint various drugs 3-4 days before the event vaccinations and for the entire period after the process: 3-5 days after the introduction of non-live, chemical vaccines, etc., and 14 days when using live vaccines. In our previous publications, we pointed out the possibility of developing complications after vaccinations. Their prevention also includes the whole complex activities, which include compliance with vaccination techniques, appointment in some cases before vaccinations and after medicines, helping to avoid complications, a certain regimen and nutrition of the child, patronage (special observation) after vaccination. Medical workers visit a vaccinated child at home or find out about his health status by phone, so as not to miss the situation of complications that develop after vaccinations.

What signs may indicate a child's neurological problems when examined before vaccination?

In young children - tension, bulging of the large fontanel in a vertical position, expansion of the saphenous veins of the head, frequent regurgitation, excessive movements of the tongue, increased muscle tone of the arms and legs, tremor (fine trembling) of the chin and arms calm state, sleep disturbance, etc. The listed signs may indicate increased intracranial pressure. Excessively rapid growth head, an increase in the size of the large fontanelle, instead of its contraction, and other signs may indicate hydrocephalic syndrome - excessive accumulation of brain fluid in the ventricles of the brain and other intracranial spaces. These and other diseases of the nervous system are identified and described by scheduled inspection neurologist for children under 3 months. To confirm or exclude pathology, carry out additional research, for example, ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography, when the sensor of the device is installed on the large fontanelle and a picture of the structure of the brain is displayed on the screen. Many pediatricians and neurologists tend to be wary of vaccinating children with neurological problems for fear of aggravating the course of the pathology in the post-vaccination period. This is not correct, since the infection that is being treated graft, is much more dangerous for a child with damage to the nervous system. For example, whooping cough in such children, especially under the age of one year, can cause severe lesions brain, seizures, etc. Unfortunately, sometimes people begin to think about damage to the nervous system after vaccinations, which provoked temporary deterioration in the operation of this system. Therefore, the main means of preventing post-vaccination complications from the nervous system is timely detection neurological pathology in a newborn, its treatment and vaccinations against the background drug therapy or upon its completion. Which medications usually used in preparation for immunization of children with neurological problems? Children with increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalic syndrome, diuretics (including herbs), drugs that improve blood flow and metabolism in the brain tissue are prescribed. Courses of therapy are repeated 2-3 times a year, during the same periods the child can be immunized. If vaccination done after completion of treatment, it is advisable at the time of immunization to again administer a short course of previously used drugs (diuretics, sedatives, etc.). If your child has had seizures caused by fever, vaccinations can be carried out no earlier than 1 month after the attack. Before and after vaccinations Anticonvulsants and sometimes diuretics are prescribed. Children who have had convulsions caused by a temperature above 38.0 degrees C can then do everything vaccinations. If convulsions occurred against the background of a temperature of less than 38.0 degrees C, then the pertussis vaccine, which is part of the complex vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP), is not administered. Other vaccines can be used. All children who have previously had seizures or are predisposed to them, after vaccinations Antipyretic drugs are also prescribed, since vaccines can cause high fever and again provoke seizures. If a child has epilepsy, vaccination is also carried out no earlier than 1 month after the attack, without pertussis vaccine, against the background of anticonvulsant therapy. At severe forms epilepsy question about vaccinations is decided individually with a neurologist. Children with non-progressive lesions of the nervous system (chromosomal, genetic diseases, congenital anomalies development, children's cerebral palsy etc.), mental illness outside the acute period, with mental retardation and those who have had inflammatory diseases of the nervous system have no contraindications to vaccinations. They are vaccinated using symptomatic (used to treat a specific disease) therapy or not prescribed medications at all.

Vaccinations and allergic diseases

Enough common pathology in the first year of life and at an older age, allergic diseases occur: food allergies, bronchial asthma, etc. In this case, vaccinations are carried out no earlier than 1 month after the end of the exacerbation. The main principles for preventing complications after vaccination in this group of children are: diet (especially for children with food allergies), excluding the introduction of new products 5-7 days before and after vaccinations. They may have an allergic reaction to new food, which parents and doctors will mistakenly interpret as a reaction to the vaccine. Allergens that the child is known to be susceptible to are also excluded. allergic reactions. For example, a child with an allergy to the pollen of a plant is not vaccinated when it blooms. Before and after vaccinations Antiallergic drugs, drugs containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli may be prescribed. They have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora, since when allergic diseases it is often violated. Children with bronchial asthma, constantly receiving inhaled drugs, including hormonal ones, this treatment is not canceled, but continues.

Vaccination of frequently ill children.

When immunizing children suffering from frequent respiratory diseases, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (ears, larynx, nose), repeated bronchitis, pneumonia, most common problem is the development of respiratory and other infections in the post-vaccination period. Predispose to the occurrence frequent illnesses features of the child’s immune system. Not all children “mature” their immune responses at the same time, so some are more and others less susceptible to infections. Promotes diseases and stressful situation, for example, when a child does not feel comfortable in children's institution and is in a state chronic stress. To some extent, stress can also be attributed to vaccination. To prevent such diseases, before and after vaccination, they are prescribed restoratives(vitamins, herbal and homeopathic remedies) or antiviral drugs, made on the basis of human blood (INTERFERON) or synthetic interferon (VIFERON), etc., as well as drugs that can simulate immunity (RIBOMUNIL, POLYOXIDONIUM, etc.).

How to prepare for vaccination older preschoolers with chronic diseases?

In older children, after vaccinations already diagnosed chronic diseases of the endocrine system may worsen, connective tissue, blood and hematopoietic organs, kidneys, liver, heart, etc. The main principle of immunization of such children is to vaccinate no earlier than 1 month after the end of the exacerbation and to prevent exacerbations after vaccinations. Children with chronic illnesses undergo minimal laboratory testing (eg, urine tests for kidney disease). If the tests are normal, then the child is vaccinated against the background of anti-relapse therapy, which is prescribed 3-5 days before and 7-14 days after vaccinations. It is recommended to carry out control laboratory examinations 7, 14 and 30 days after vaccinations(urine, blood tests, etc.). Such an examination allows you to be confident in the adequacy of the drug therapy that the child received at the time of vaccinations. If the tests reveal changes characteristic of an exacerbation of a chronic disease, then subsequent vaccinations carried out after normalization of the condition against the background of more intensive treatment. This is the complex sequence of combinations required to vaccinate an obviously unhealthy baby. But it should still be remembered that infection, in terms of exacerbation of a chronic disease, is much more dangerous than the possibility of minimal, extremely rare, controlled exacerbations during vaccination. In addition, children with any chronic diseases are recommended to undergo additional vaccinations(in addition to planned) against hemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcal, pneumococcal infections, influenza. After vaccinations, and in the following days, parents should pay attention to the child’s condition. It is recommended to measure your temperature for the first three days, especially after vaccinations against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus (DTP, Tetrakok). If the condition has not changed or worsened, i.e. the baby is cheerful, cheerful, he has good appetite, restful sleep etc., then his lifestyle does not need to be changed. Continue as usual, feed, bathe the child, and walk with him. The only thing is to limit communication with sneezing, coughing people, and children so that the child does not have a chance of becoming infected. From the same point of view, it is not advisable to travel with a child immediately after vaccinations. If parents need to go somewhere with their baby, they should think about vaccinations in advance, 1-2 weeks before departure. During this time, antibodies to the administered vaccine will have time to develop and appear unwanted effects from vaccinations, if they are meant to be. On the road or in a foreign city it may be more difficult to provide medical care child.

What to do if after vaccinations Has the temperature risen or has the baby’s general condition worsened?

You should refrain from swimming and walking. Report a child's condition nurse, which provides patronage after vaccinations or a doctor. Give antipyretics to age dosage: for children who have previously had convulsions - immediately at any elevated temperature (even if it is 37.1 degrees C), for others - at a temperature above 38.5 degrees C. A timely visit to a doctor will allow you to find out what is causing the temperature - with a common reaction to a vaccine, a random illness, or something else. A correct diagnosis is the key to the safety of further vaccination. Please remember that redness and swelling may appear at the injection site for all vaccines, which should subside within 1-3 days. If compaction or redness lasts longer than 4 days or its size is more than 5-8 cm, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Is it possible to do vaccination in a special center?

Any child, especially one suffering from any disease, can be vaccinated specialized centers immunoprophylaxis (branches of such centers may also exist in local clinics), under the supervision of immunologists. They will amount individual schedule vaccinations, select the optimal type of vaccine for a particular baby, etc. Such measures will minimize the risk of developing post-vaccination complications and create effective protection the body from severe and dangerous infections.

Exception to the Rule

It is known that children during acute illness or exacerbations of chronic, planned vaccinations are not carried out. Vaccination is postponed until recovery or completion of the exacerbation chronic process. However, if there is emergency, when it is necessary to vaccinate an unhealthy child, this can be done (vaccination according to emergency indications). For example, a child is sick with ARVI, or his chronic disease, and at the same time he communicated with a patient with diphtheria or was bitten by a dog, etc. In such cases, contraindications to vaccination can be ignored in order to urgently vaccinate the child due to vital circumstances.

DPT vaccines are among the most reactogenic (i.e., capable of causing adverse reactions) drugs. This is explained both by the high content of antigens and their properties - the most reactogenic components of DTP vaccines are pertussis and, to a lesser extent, diphtheria. For this reason, before vaccination with the DTP vaccine, medicinal preparation of the child is recommended.

Without exception, all (whole cell) DTP vaccines should be administered against the background of antipyretics (antipyretics). This allows, on the one hand, to prevent a possible uncontrolled increase in temperature, on the other hand, to eliminate the risk of febrile (temperature) seizures in young children that occur against the background high temperature, regardless of what caused it.

In addition, all antipyretic drugs have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The latter is especially important in preventing pain at the injection site, which can be quite severe, and on the other hand, to protect the child from severe swelling at the injection site.

If a child has allergic disorders (most often this is atopic dermatitis, i.e. diathesis), the use of antiallergic drugs is also recommended.

Neither antipyretics nor antihistamines affect the development of immunity, i.e. effectiveness of vaccination.

The general principles of using the listed drugs in preparation for vaccination are as follows:
– when purchasing medications, pay attention to this form release was suitable for the child’s age, ask the pharmacist if this medicine is suitable for the age of your child,
– when choosing forms of release of antipyretic drugs, you should make a choice in favor of rectal suppositories, since flavorings in syrups can provoke allergic reactions,
– do not wait for the temperature to rise after vaccination, administer antipyretics in advance, since the temperature may rise too quickly to be controlled later,
- Aspirin should never be used in children ( acetylsalicylic acid), if the maximum permissible dosage antipyretic is exceeded and the effect is not achieved, then switch to a drug with another active ingredient (for example, from paracetamol to ibuprofen). If the child had no reactions to the previous vaccination, this does not mean that preparing the child for vaccination should be neglected - adverse reactions are more common meet after repeated administrations vaccines,
– in any doubtful cases, consult a doctor. Feel free to call " ambulance“- they may not come if the situation is not critical, but they will definitely advise you by phone. If the vaccination was given in paid center vaccinations, do not hesitate to take the doctor’s contact information in case of development adverse reactions- V best centers Vaccination doctors leave contact information themselves, or call back themselves to find out about the child’s condition.

Approximate scheme* of preparing a child for vaccination with DTP vaccines:
Day -2, -1. if the child has diathesis or other allergic disorders, give antihistamines in a maintenance dosage
Day 0. Immediately after returning home, administer a suppository containing an antipyretic. This will prevent some reactions that develop in the first hours after vaccination (prolonged crying, swelling at the injection site, etc.). If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. A candle at night is a must. If the baby wakes up at night for feedings, check the temperature and if it rises, introduce another suppository. Continue taking your antihistamine.
Day 1. If the temperature is elevated in the morning, introduce the first suppository. If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. You may need to introduce another suppository at night. Continue taking your antihistamine.
Day 2. Antipyretics are administered only when there is a fever. If its increase is insignificant, you can refuse antipyretics. Continue taking your antihistamine.
Day 3. The appearance on the 3rd day (and later) of an increase in body temperature and reactions at the vaccination site is not typical for inactivated vaccines. If the temperature does rise, you should look for another reason (teething, acute respiratory infections, etc.).

* – This diagram is provided as a guideline and reflects general approaches that may not take into account the specific health conditions of your child. Exact dosages, dosage regimens, list and names of specific drugs can and should be recommended only by the attending pediatrician who directly examined your child.

Reviews: 18

Questions related to vaccinating a child against infectious diseases concern all parents. One of the first vaccinations that a baby receives early age- This is a DPT vaccine. That is why the greatest number of questions arise - what kind of reaction might there be to the DPT vaccination, how to prepare a child for the vaccine, and how to react to certain changes in the baby’s health after vaccination. It is also the most discussed vaccine, since most children react to DPT with an increase in temperature and sometimes other symptoms.

Let us consider in detail everything related to the drug itself, the rules for its use and possible reactions to the DPT vaccine in children.

What diseases are DPT used for?

What is the DPT vaccine for? The vaccine contains components against three dangerous infections of bacterial origin - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, the abbreviation of the name stands for - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

1. Whooping cough is a rapidly spreading infection that is dangerous mainly for children. It is very difficult in infants. Complicated by damage to the respiratory system and occurs with pneumonia, severe cough, cramps. In the first half of the 20th century, whooping cough accounted for a significant portion of the causes of child mortality.
2. Diphtheria. A bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Fibrinous effusion and films form in the larynx and trachea, which can lead to suffocation and death.
3. Tetanus is a soil infection; a person becomes infected when bacteria enter wounds in the skin. It manifests itself as a violation of muscle innervation and convulsions. Without specific treatment, the risk of death is high.

The first vaccines began to be administered to children in the 1940s. Today, several drugs are approved for use in the Russian Federation, but the main one, which is included in the vaccination calendar, is the vaccine Russian production FSUE NPO "Microgen" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This manufacturer of DTP uses a pertussis component, which consists of inactivated pertussis microbes. The DTP vaccine has a foreign-made analogue - Infanrix, as well as similar combination vaccines containing antigens and other infections.

The DTP vaccine contains:

• pertussis component - killed whooping cough bacteria in a concentration of 20 billion microbial bodies per 1 ml;
• tetanus toxoid- 30 units;
• diphtheria toxoid - 10 units;
• Merthiolate is used as a preservative.

The pertussis component of the vaccine is the most reactogenic, since it contains whole cells of whooping cough bacilli (Bordetella pertussis). It causes the development of immunity to the bacteria that causes the disease.

Tetanus and diphtheria have a special course. To protect against these diseases, it is necessary that the body has protection not so much from microbes as from the toxins that they produce. Therefore, the vaccine does not contain the pathogens themselves, but their toxins.

Vaccination schedule

When is DTP done? According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the DTP vaccination schedule is as follows.

1. The DPT vaccine is given to children three times at the ages of 3, 4½ and 6 months.
2. The interval between injections should be 30–45 days. If for some reason the first vaccination was missed, then they start from the current moment, observing intervals of one and a half months.
3. Children over four years of age are given a vaccine without a pertussis component.

The maximum interval between vaccinations is 45 days, but if for some reason the administration of the drug was missed, then the second and third vaccinations are done whenever possible - there is no need to do extra vaccinations.

DPT revaccination is carried out at the following times: after a year at the age of one and a half years. If the first administration of the DPT vaccine was made later than three months, then revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third injection.

Graft DPT for adults is given only if they have not previously been vaccinated in childhood. A course of three injections is given at intervals of one and a half months.

At 7 and 14 years of age, children are revaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria using ADS-M vaccine or its analogues. Such revaccinations are necessary to maintain the amount of antibodies and the stability of immunity at the proper level.

Adults receive booster vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria every ten years.

Description of instructions for use

The DTP vaccine is a suspension of white or yellowish color, packaged in ampoules. Ampoules are packed in cardboard boxes 10 pieces each.

According to the instructions for use of DPT, the drug is intended to create immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria in children. All children under four years of age must receive four doses of the vaccine. Children who have had whooping cough and have natural immunity to it are given a vaccine without a pertussis component (ADS, ADS-M).

Where is DTP vaccination given? It is placed intramuscularly in the thigh (quadriceps muscle), and in older children the injection is made in the shoulder. Intravenous administration DPT vaccine is not allowed.

The DTP vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations from the national calendar, giving injections into different areas bodies. The only exception is BCG vaccination, it is placed separately, observing a certain interval.

Contraindications for DTP

What contraindications does the DPT vaccine have and when should you not get vaccinated? Contraindications are quite numerous.

People often ask, is it possible to do DTP during teething? Yes, this does not threaten the baby in any way and does not affect the development of immunity in any way. An exception is if the baby's teething is accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this case, the vaccination is postponed until it normalizes.

How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination

Because DPT vaccine causes a large number of post-vaccination reactions and complications; this vaccination requires careful attention on the part of parents and doctors. Here's how to prepare your child for the DPT vaccine.

1. By the time of vaccination, the child must be examined by all necessary specialists and not have a medical exemption from them.
2. The child must be healthy and have good performance in blood tests. Do I need to get tested before getting DTP vaccination? Yes, it's necessary. The doctor must also conduct a full examination of the baby and listen to all the mother’s complaints.
3. If the baby has a predisposition to allergies - diathesis, rashes - a doctor's consultation is necessary. Most often, in this case, the vaccine is given against the background of a precautionary administration antihistamines(Doctors often prescribe Fenistil before DTP vaccination). The drug and dosage are selected by the doctor; you cannot prescribe medications to the baby yourself.

Preparation for DPT vaccination of parents immediately before vaccination includes the following.

Should I give my child Suprastin before the DTP vaccination? You should not give any without a doctor's prescription. similar drugs. Although taking them does not affect the development of immunity, according to WHO recommendations, children should not be given antihistamines before preparing for vaccinations.

Care after vaccination

How to care for your baby after DTP vaccination? These are the questions that most often concern parents.

1. Is it necessary to give antipyretics after DTP vaccination? Yes, doctors recommend doing this for preventive purposes, without waiting for the temperature to rise. They can be used in the form of syrup, tablets or suppositories. It is best to give your baby a candle with ibuprofen at night.
2. Is it possible to go for a walk after DPT vaccination? Restrictions on stay on fresh air No. After visiting vaccination room sit in the hallway for a while (15–20 minutes) in case you have a severe allergic reaction. Then you can take a short walk. Walks are canceled only if a fever or other general reaction to the vaccine occurs.
3. When can you bathe your child after DTP vaccination? It is better to refrain from swimming on the day of vaccination. In the first days, try not to wet the injection site, but it’s okay if water gets on the wound - do not rub it with a washcloth or wash it with soap.
4. Is it possible to do massage after DPT vaccination? There are no direct contraindications, but usually massage therapists recommend abstaining for 2-3 days. You can either shift the course of the massage or postpone the vaccination for several days until the massage is over.

On the day of vaccination and three days after it, you need to carefully monitor the baby’s health and, if necessary, measure body temperature.

Possible reactions to the DTP vaccine

According to various sources, from 30 to 50% of children, one way or another, react to the DTP vaccine. What reactions are considered normal and how can you help your child cope with them? Most of all symptoms occur in the first 24 hours after the injection, but the reaction can occur within within three days. It should be noted that if symptoms appear later three days after vaccination (fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections), then this is no longer a reaction to the DPT vaccine, but an independent infection, which, unfortunately, is easy to catch after visiting our clinics.

There are local and general reactions to DTP vaccination. Local include changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site.

1. A slight redness will form at the injection site after DTP vaccination. What to do? If the speck is small, then there is no need to worry. This reaction is typical to the introduction of a foreign agent. In a day or a little more, the redness will disappear.
2. Also normal reaction compaction is considered after DTP vaccination. What to do in this case? To speed up resorption, lubricate the swelling with Troxevasin gel. The lump and lump should resolve within 10–14 days. A lump at the injection site can also form if part of the vaccine was mistakenly injected into the subcutaneous tissue. In this case, the resorption of the vaccine will occur more slowly, but this will not affect the baby’s health and the formation of immunity.
3. The baby often feels pain at the injection site. It is expressed strongly or weakly, depending on individual sensitivity. Sometimes for this reason after vaccination DPT child limps because he is protecting his bad leg. Applying ice to the injection site will help ease the baby's condition. If the pain does not go away for a long time, then consult a doctor.

TO general reactions include systemic manifestations, including those of an allergic nature.

Other reactions to the DTP vaccine include decreased appetite, restless behavior, nervousness, moodiness, and drowsiness.

Fever and allergic reactions develop more often in response to the second administration of the DTP vaccine, when the body is already familiar with its antigens. Therefore, how the second DTP is tolerated can be used to judge how the child will tolerate subsequent vaccinations. In case of severe reactions or allergies, DTP is replaced with lighter analogues or the introduction of the pertussis component is completely eliminated.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

IN in rare cases The child develops a severe reaction to the DPT vaccine. This situation requires immediate appeal see a doctor. Take your baby to the hospital or call a pediatrician if following signs:

• persistent crying that lasts more than three hours;
• swelling at the injection site measuring more than 8 cm in diameter;
• temperature above 39 °C, which is not reduced by antipyretics.

You should also consult a doctor if you experience symptoms characteristic of complications of DPT.

Complications of the DTP vaccine

Typical reactions to the DTP vaccine disappear without a trace within a few days. But complications and side effects differ in that they require treatment and can cause serious harm to the child’s health. Why is DPT vaccination dangerous in this regard?

DTP analogues

Domestic vaccine DTP is given to children free of charge according to the vaccination schedule. If parents wish, paid foreign vaccines can be used instead. Their common advantage is that they do not contain mercury compounds as preservatives.

One of the analogues of DTP is the Tetrakok vaccine. It further includes inactivated polio virus. However, judging by the reviews, the drug has reactogenicity similar to DPT.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccination, imported analogues of DPT, made on the basis of an acellular pertussis component, are used.
These include:

• Infanrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline;
• "Infanrix IPV" (poliomyelitis added);
• Infanrix Hexa (plus polio, hepatitis B and Hib);
• "Pentaxim" produced by Sanofi Aventis Pasteur, France - against five diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, polio and Hib infection).

In conclusion, we can say that the DTP vaccine is one of the most serious vaccinations, often causing post-vaccination reactions. The child must be prepared for vaccination in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, and, if necessary, obtain advice from specialists. DTP vaccination is carried out only healthy children, after it the baby is closely monitored for three days. If the temperature rises, antipyretics are given, and if signs of a severe reaction develop, consult a doctor.

You can rate the article:

Actually, this vaccination has been canceled in many countries! And in Russia they do it, it’s very dangerous vaccination I wouldn't do it to my children!!!

Don’t do this, only then don’t complain if your child gets sick and the doctors can’t do anything! You made the decision not to vaccinate your child!
I am amazed at modern mothers, do you want a return to epidemics of such serious diseases? When did entire cities die out? Polio was supposed to be eradicated by the year 2000, but because of these “anti-vaxxer moms,” the danger of this disease still exists!

154+

Razil, polio has not been registered in the Russian Federation since 1998. But this is so, as information. To believe that epidemics of infectious diseases occur due to refusal to vaccinate is extremely stupid. Read at least a little information and scientific (!) literature on this topic. Of course, reading, studying, analyzing, and extracting information bit by bit among propaganda cries and pseudo-statistics is much more difficult than aggressively attacking those who have a different opinion on this issue. I dare not even think that I will make you think about this topic even for a moment. Well, I’ll ask at least one question: Do you really think that it’s possible to destroy everything? infectious diseases and get a “sterile” world?! Epidemics must be prevented, and there are many other ways besides the questionably effective and dangerous vaccination.

My son miraculously survived after DPT.
The consequences last a lifetime!
Encephalopathic reaction, a terrible thing! We fought for three days for the life of my child!

We received our first vaccination in a month. After it, we lost our appetite, although not one of the doctors said that this was a reaction to DPT. The child ate 20 grams per feeding. Then we were prescribed Elkar and the appetite gradually returned, the baby began to eat and gain weight, after 2 months without appetite, the child gained 180 grams. At 4.5 we were given a second vaccination, the reaction was the same, the child refused to eat. Our pediatrician said it wasn't because of the vaccine. It turns out that he is simply a LITTLE eater. We are almost 6 months old, it’s time for the 3rd vaccination, I don’t even know what to do. And when I told the doctors about the analogue, they told me not to invent it and not waste money.

This is the first time I’ve heard that DPT vaccinations are given every month.

We got the second DPT vaccine at 6 months, and after 18 days I started wiping pus from the injection site. What to do?

Asthma started after vaccination at 4 years old
👏👏👏

In the first grade they got vaccinated, in the place where the injection was given (buttock) everything was swollen, red, and then a rash began. Now we are in 3rd grade and there is a rash on our butt and thighs that can’t be treated with anything, including hormonal ointments, the result is zero... What to do?