Tablets with a flat surface, white color, with chamfer and risk. Marbling is allowed on the surface of the tablets.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Other analgesics-antipyretics. Salicylic acid and its derivatives.

Acetyl salicylic acid.

ATX code N 02B A01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

P After oral administration, acetylsalicylic acid is converted into the main metabolite, salicylic acid. Absorption of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids in the digestive tract occurs quickly and

fully. The maximum level of plasma concentration is reached after 10-20 minutes (acetylsalicylic acid) or 45-120 minutes ( general level salicylates). The degree of acid binding by plasma proteins depends on the concentration, which is 49-70% for acetylsalicylic acid and 66-98% for salicylic acid. 50% of the administered dose of the drug is metabolized during the primary passage through the liver. The metabolites of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids are the glycine conjugate of salicylic acid, gentisic acid and its glycine conjugate. The drug is excreted from the body in the form of metabolites, mainly by the kidneys. The half-life of acetylsalicylic acid is 20 minutes. The half-life of salicylic acid increases in proportion to the dose of the drug and is 2, 4 and 20 hours for doses of 0.5 g, 1 g and 5 g respectively. The drug penetrates the blood-brain barrier, and is also determined in breast milk and synovial fluid.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and also reduces platelet aggregation. The main mechanism of action of acetylsalicylic acid is the inactivation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxane is disrupted. Due to the decrease in the production of prostaglandins, their pyrogenic effect on the thermoregulation centers weakens. In addition, the sensitizing effect of prostaglandins on sensitive nerve endings decreases, which reduces their sensitivity to pain mediators. Irreversible disturbances in the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets cause the antiaggregatory effect of the drug. Acetylsalicylic acid also blocks the cyclooxygenases of endothelial cells, in which prostacyclin, which has antiaggregatory activity, is synthesized. Endothelial cell cyclooxygenases are less sensitive to the action of acetylsalicylic acid and, unlike the similar platelet enzyme, are reversibly blocked.

Indications for use

Pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity various etiologies(including inflammatory) genesis

Elevated temperature (fever) with influenza, colds (ARVI) and other infectious and inflammatory diseases

Dosage and administration

Acetylsalicylic acid is taken orally, after eating, drinking big amount water.

At pain syndrome and elevated temperature in infectious and inflammatory diseases, a single dose for adults and children over 15 years old is 0.5 - 1 g. The maximum daily dose is 3 g. For the elderly, the maximum daily dose is 1 g.

The duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days as an anesthetic, and 3 days as an antipyretic.

In patients with comorbidities liver and kidney function, it is necessary to reduce the dose or increase the interval between taking the drug.

Side effects

Tinnitus, dizziness, hearing loss, visual impairment

Nausea, abdominal pain, heartburn, vomiting

Anorexia

Reye/Reye syndrome (encephalopathy associated with acute fatty liver disease)

hypersensitivity reaction (bronchospasm, skin rash, angioedema, urticaria, aspirin asthma)

Interstitial nephritis, prerenal azotemia with increased blood creatinine and hypercalcemia, acute kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome

papillary necrosis

Respiratory failure

Drowsiness

convulsions

Erosive and ulcerative lesions digestive tract, sometimes complicated by latent or clinically pronounced (melena) bleeding, liver failure

Increased symptoms of congestive heart failure

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia

Aseptic meningitis

Increasing the level of aminotransferases

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid

peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

Increased tendency to bleed

Kidney disease, kidney and/or liver dysfunction

Concomitant treatment with anticoagulants (with the exception of low-dose heparin therapy with frequent and careful monitoring of blood clotting)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Bronchial asthma

Chronic or recurrent dyspeptic phenomena

Erosive and ulcerative lesions upper divisions gastrointestinal tract history

Gastrointestinal bleeding

- "aspirin" bronchial asthma and "aspirin" triad

Vitamin K deficiency, hypoprothrombinemia

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Pregnancy and lactation period

portal hypertension

Taking methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg/week or more

Childhood and teenage years up to 15 years

Drug Interactions"type="checkbox">

Drug Interactions

With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulants, the risk of bleeding increases. With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, therapeutic and side effects the latter. Against the background of the treatment of acetylsalicylic acid, the side effect of methotrexate is aggravated. With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and oral antidiabetic drugs from the group of sulfonylurea derivatives, the hypoglycemic effect of the latter is enhanced. With simultaneous use with corticosteroids, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases. Acetylsalicylic acid weakens the effect of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs and agents that promote the excretion of uric acid.

Purpose antacids against the background of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (especially at doses exceeding 3 g of acetylsalicylic acid for adults and 1.5 g for children) can reduce the high stable level of salicylates in the blood.

special instructions"type="checkbox">

special instructions

Special Warnings and Cautions

The drug is not prescribed to children and adolescents under the age of 15 with acute respiratory diseases caused by viral infections, with diseases accompanied by hyperthermia due to the risk of developing Reye / Rea syndrome.

In patients with allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, skin itching, swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal polyposis, as well as when combined with chronic infections respiratory tract and in patients with hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, seizures may develop bronchial asthma.

Use during surgical interventions. Before any surgical intervention, inform the attending physician, surgeon, anesthetist or dentist about taking the drug acetylsalicylic acid. 5-7 days before the planned surgical intervention it is necessary to stop taking acetylsalicylic acid to reduce the risk of bleeding during surgery and the postoperative period.

During the period of use of the drug should refrain from drinking alcohol.

Use during pregnancy

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis can have a negative effect on pregnancy and the development of the embryo or fetus. Data from epidemiological studies indicate increased risk the development of defects and malformations when using synthesis inhibitors

prostaglandins on early periods pregnancy. It is believed that the risk increases with increasing dose and duration of treatment.

Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity, in connection with this, the appointment of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy is not indicated.

ATX code: N02BA01

Trade name: Acetylsalicylic acid International generic name: Acetylsalicylic acid Release form: tablets 500 mg Description: tablets are white, slightly marbled, with a characteristic odor, flat-cylindrical, scored, chamfered. Composition: 1 tablet contains: active substance- acetylsalicylic acid - 500 mg; Excipients: potato starch, citric acid, talc, stearic acid, colloidal anhydrous silicon dioxide. Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other analgesics and antipyretics. Salicylic acid and its derivatives.

Acute rheumatic fever rheumatoid arthritis, pericarditis, Dressler's syndrome, rheumatic chorea;
- Pain syndrome of low and moderate intensity (including headache, migraine, toothache, pain in osteoarthritis, arthritis, menalgia, algomenorrhea);
- diseases of the spine, accompanied by pain syndrome: lumbago, sciatica;
- neuralgia, myalgia;
- febrile syndrome in acute infectious, infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- prevention of myocardial infarction in IHD, the presence of several factors risk of coronary artery disease painless myocardial ischemia, unstable angina;
- prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction in individuals with a history of myocardial infarction;
- prevention of ischemic stroke in persons with transient ischemic attack, history of ischemic stroke (in men);
- reducing the risk of re-stenosis and secondary dissection of the coronary artery after balloon coronary angioplasty and stent placement;
- prevention of thromboembolism in vasculitis coronary arteries(Kawasaki disease, Takayasu's aortoarteritis), valvular mitral heart disease, atrial fibrillation, mitral valve prolapse.

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
- hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid;
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase;
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- "aspirin" asthma and "aspirin" triad;
- hemorrhagic diathesis (Willebrand's disease, thrombocytopenic purpura, telangiectasia), hypoprothrombinemia, hemophilia;
- dissecting aortic aneurysm;
- portal hypertension;
- deficiency of vitamin K;
- taking methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg/week or more;
- renal and hepatic insufficiency;
- pregnancy I and III trimester, lactation;
- gout and gouty arthritis;
- children under 15 years of age in combination with hyperthermia on the background of viral diseases.

Apply inside, preferably between meals. The tablet is placed in 100 ml boiled water(1/2 cup) and, stirring, achieve its disintegration, after which they drink the resulting suspension.
Adults appoint 1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day. The maximum single dose is 2 tablets, the maximum daily dose is 6 tablets.
Children (in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever, pericarditis, elimination of pain syndrome) are prescribed at the rate of 20-30 mg / kg. At the age of 2 - 3 years 100 mg / day. At the age of 4-6 years at a dose of 200 mg / day. At the age of 7-9 years at a dose of 300 mg / day. At the age of over 12 years in a single dose of 250 mg (1/2 tablet) 2 times a day, the maximum daily dose is 750 mg.
With myocardial infarction, as well as for secondary prevention in people who have had a heart attack, 40-325 mg 1 time per day, in the evening (usually 1/4-1/2 tablets).
As a means to reduce platelet aggregation and prevent thromboembolic complications, 250-325 mg / day (1/2-3/4 tablets) for an extended period.
For transient ischemic attacks or cerebral thromboembolic complications in men, 250-325 mg / day (1 / 2-3 / 4 tablets) are used with a gradual increase to a maximum of 1000 mg / day.
For the prevention of thrombosis or occlusion of the aortic bypass - 325 mg (3/4 tablets) every 7 hours through a nasogastric tube. Then inside in the same dose 3 times a day in combination with dipyridamole (after 1 week, dipyridamole is canceled).
As an antipyretic, it is prescribed at a body temperature of more than 38.5 ° C (in patients with febrile seizures in history - at a temperature of more than 37.5 ° C) at a dose of 500-1000 mg.

Name:

Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum)

Pharmacological
action:

Acetylsalicylic acid It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. It is widely used in feverish conditions(high body temperature), headache, neuralgia (pain spreading along the nerve), etc., and as an antirheumatic agent.
Anti-inflammatory action acetylsalicylic acid is explained by its influence on the processes occurring in the focus of inflammation.
Antipyretic action It is also associated with the effect on the hypothalamic (located in the brain) centers of thermoregulation. The analgesic (pain-relieving) effect is due to the effect on the centers of pain sensitivity located in the central nervous system.
One of the main mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid is inactivation(suppression of activity) of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins), as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins is disrupted. (Prostaglandins - biologically active substances produced in the body. Their role in the body is extremely multifaceted, in particular, they are responsible for the appearance of pain and swelling at the site of inflammation).
Violation of the synthesis of prostaglandins leads to loss of sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to kinins and other inflammatory and pain mediators (transmitters).
Due to a violation of the synthesis of prostaglandins, the severity of inflammation and their pyrogenic (increasing body temperature) effect on the thermoregulation center decreases. In addition, the influence of prostaglandins on sensitive nerve endings decreases, leading to a decrease in their sensitivity to pain mediators. It also has antiaggregatory action.

Indications for
application:

Acetylsalicylic acid has wide application as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent.
An important feature acetylsalicylic acid is the ability of the drug to have an antiaggregatory effect, inhibit spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation.

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis;
- fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- pain syndrome of low and moderate intensity various genesis(including neuralgia, myalgia, headache);
- prevention of thrombosis and embolism;
- primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction;
- prevention of violations cerebral circulation ischemic type.

Mode of application:

In the form of tablets administered orally after meals. Usual doses for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic (for febrile illnesses, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, etc.) 0.25-0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day; for children, depending on age - from 0.1 to 0.3 g per reception.
For rheumatism, infectious-allergic myocarditis (heart disease), rheumatoid arthritis (an infectious-allergic disease from the group of collagenoses, characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the joints) is prescribed for a long time for adults at 2-3 g (less often 4 g) per day, for children 0.2 g per year of life per day. A single dose for children aged 1 year is 0.05 g, 2 years - 0.1 g, 3 years - 0.15 g, 4 years - 0.2 g. .25 g per reception.
Also use soluble form of aspirin- Acylpyrine soluble. With fever ( sharp rise body temperature) and / or pain syndrome is prescribed in a single dose of 1-2 tablets of 0.5 g each. If necessary, the drug is taken again at the same dose. The maximum daily dose is 6 tablets. In acute rheumatism prescribed in daily dose 100 mg/kg of body weight in 5-6 doses. single doses for children depend on age and are: children under 6 months. - 50-100 mg; from 6 months up to 1 year - 100-150 mg; from 1 year to 6 years - 150-250 mg; from 6 to 15 years - 250-500 mg; appoint 3 times a day. The drug is used at the end of a meal or immediately after a meal. Immediately before use, the tablet must be dissolved in "/ 2 cups of water.

Side effects:

From the side digestive system : nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, diarrhea; rarely - occurrence erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver function.
From the CNS: at long-term use possible dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, aseptic meningitis.
From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.
From the blood coagulation system: seldom - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.
From the urinary system: rarely - impaired renal function; with prolonged use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.
allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, "aspirin triad" (combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone drugs).

Contraindications:

Chronic or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (including history), increased tendency to hemorrhage, kidney disease, concomitant treatment with anticoagulants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, AD, impaired renal or hepatic function, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.

Interaction
other medicinal
by other means:

With the simultaneous use with anticoagulants increased risk of bleeding.
With the simultaneous use with other NSAIDs the side effects of the latter increase, including the increased risk of developing gastropathy. Against the background of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the nephrotoxic effect of methotrexate is aggravated, with its simultaneous use with oral hypoglycemic drugs - sulfonylurea derivatives - an increase in the hypoglycemic effect is noted.
With the simultaneous use with GKS increased risk of gastropathy and gastrointestinal bleeding. Acetylsalicylic acid weakens the action of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs and drugs used in gout.

Pregnancy:

It should be borne in mind that the intake of salicylates (in high doses) in the first 3 months. pregnancy has been linked in many epidemiological studies x s high risk deformities(cleft palate, heart defects). However, at normal therapeutic doses, this risk appears to be small, as a study of approximately 3,200 mother-child pairs found no association with an increase in malformations. In the last 3 months Pregnancy, taking salicylates can lead to a lengthening of the pregnancy period and weakening of labor pains. The mother and child had an increased tendency to bleed. When taking acetylsalicylic acid by the mother shortly before childbirth, newborns (especially premature ones) may experience intracranial bleeding.
During breastfeeding when taking the drug in usual doses interruption of breastfeeding is usually not required. When taken regularly large doses drug should be considered for discontinuation breastfeeding.
Without medical supervision the drug should be taken only in normal doses and only for a few days.

Acetylsalicylic acid is known to all of us under the brand name aspirin. The basis of this drug contains this substance. Aspirin has everything pharmacological properties, which are inherent in acetylsalicylic acid. This medicine belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It can be used to lower body temperature (for infections of non-viral etiology), to reduce the level of blood clotting and prevent the risk of ischemia of the heart muscle, to prevent rheumatism in tonsillitis, tonsillitis and other inflammatory processes caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal microflora.

Instructions for use of acetylsalicylic acid

The use of acetylsalicylic acid is permissible without a doctor's prescription at elevated body temperature. But it should be avoided in children and patients who suffer from reduced level blood clotting.

In the instructions for use, the manufacturer indicates the mechanism of the pharmacological effect of the substance on the human body. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and binds to blood proteins. Immediately begins the process of inhibition of the reaction of platelet aggregation. The blood becomes less viscous, the risk of blood clots is eliminated.

After 20 minutes, the effect on the synthesis of prostaglandins begins, which provoke an increase in body temperature and an increase in the pain effect. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the synthesis of the COX enzyme, which is responsible for the release of prostaglandins. In this way, inflammatory response suppressed in the beginning.

Against this background, there is an increased separation of sweat and a gradual decrease in body temperature. All this is a consequence of a moderate expansion of the lumen of the blood vessels. Especially actively expanding small capillaries, which are located in the deep layers of the epidermis. With an increase in the area of ​​the bloodstream, the process of thermoregulation becomes natural.

The analgesic effect is also based on the suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins, which cause tissue swelling and compression of small nerve endings. In the place of the local inflammatory process there is a decrease in swelling and a gradual elimination of hyperemia.

In the prevention of myocardial infarction, the antiaggregation properties of acetylsalicylic acid are used. The use of aspirin in the dosages indicated by the doctor significantly reduces the risk of developing ischemia of the heart muscle even in conditions of a long-term unstable form of angina pectoris.

This happens under the condition of a decrease in platelet aggregation and an increase in the prothrombin time of blood clotting. The production of thromboxane, which is responsible for platelet adhesion, is suppressed. These shaped elements blood loses its ability to stick together and form blood clots that clog the lumen of the coronary vessels.

There is currently only one for sale. dosage form acetylsalicylic acid - tablets for oral administration. Dissolution occurs in the cavity of the stomach. However, due to the possibility of local influence on the synthesis of prostaglandins, the substance can cause a violation of the bonds between the cells of the mucous membrane. This leads to the appearance of erosions and ulcers. At long-term use aspirin gastric and duodenal ulcers may occur.

In order to avoid such a complication, it is necessary to follow the rules for the use of acetylsalicylic acid:

• before taking the tablet is chewed or crushed in any convenient way;
• reception is allowed only after meals;
• write should be alkaline mineral water or milk;
• if possible, give preference to more expensive analogues, which are available in the form soluble tablets(they are less aggressive towards the gastric mucosa);
• for long-term use, be sure to use special preparations that protect the mucous membranes (ranitec, ranitidine, omeprazole and others).

For newborns, it is not recommended to use this drug in view of its ability to form the prerequisites for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. The mechanism of this pathology is closely related to the influence of salicylates on the processes of production and release of bilirubin from liver cells. As a result, it enters the bloodstream and enters in large numbers in brain structures.

Dangerous combinations with other drugs

Do not use acetylsalicylic acid in conjunction with other drugs from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It can trigger aspirin asthma, internal bleeding or disruption of the brain and central nervous system.

If you are taking heartburn medication, it is best to wait 30 to 40 minutes after taking an aspirin. Sharing leads to the fact that aspirin is blocked and excreted unchanged from stool. Naturally, in this case you will not receive any analgesic or antipyretic effect.

For the period of treatment, you should stop taking other antiplatelet agents (heparin), drugs based on calcium tubule blockers (some drugs for high blood pressure). To some extent, acetylsalicylic acid can reduce the effects of past generation diuretics, such as furosemide, veroshpiron, spironolactone.

In the presence of caffeine, the drug is better and more absorbed. Therefore, such a well-known combined form as "ascofen". Recommended at home joint application acetylsalicylic acid and strong sweet tea.

For the entire period of treatment, you should stop using alcoholic beverages And sleeping pills based on barbiturates. These substances can provoke the process of accelerating blood clotting inside small capillaries. Avoid dangerous combinations with other drugs and follow the advice described in the instructions for acetylsalicylic acid.

Is acetylsalicylic acid dangerous during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, acetylsalicylic acid can only be used in emergency cases. The degree of whether acetylsalicylic acid is dangerous during pregnancy in your case can only be determined by your doctor. In the first and third trimesters, taking the drug is strictly prohibited due to its extremely negative impact on fetal development. It has been reliably established that taking aspirin in the first weeks of pregnancy leads to the appearance of clefts. upper sky at the baby. On the later dates this drug can cause thickening of the pulmonary vessels in a child, premature cessation of blood supply through the umbilical cord, which leads to stillbirth. At the same time, labor activity is sharply reduced. The natural process of delivery is significantly hampered, it is necessary to resort to the methods of caesarean section.

During breastfeeding, you should stop using acetylsalicylic acid, or stop breastfeeding for a while. Once in the body of an infant, this substance can cause bleeding and encephalopathy.

What helps acetylsalicylic acid?

There are several pathologies and aspects of what acetylsalicylic acid helps with. First of all, it is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent that has an antipyretic effect. Accordingly, direct indications for taking aspirin are:

• hyperthermia of central and inflammatory origin;
• pain syndrome of low intensity;
• migraines and vascular spastic headaches;
• painful periods in women;
• myalgia, including against the background of enhanced physical training;
• pain in the joints of rheumatoid etiology;
• myocarditis, endocarditis of inflammatory or allergic origin;
• blood thinning in thrombophlebitis, prevention of embolic processes in the postoperative period;
• prevention of the risk of myocardial infarction in any form of angina pectoris and coronary disease hearts.

Can be used for osteochondrosis of the spine - with moderate pain. shown mandatory application acetylsalicylic acid 1 tablet 3 times a day for 10 days with any form of angina.

Approximate doses of aspirin
Pain and fever	500 - 1000 mg (1-2 tablets) per dose 2 - 6 times a day, depending on the severity of the condition
Prevention of rheumatism in angina and tonsillitis	0.5 g 3 times per bitch for 10 days
Prevention of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in the presence of prerequisites for these pathologies	0.25 g 1 time per bitch for a long time.

Contraindications and side effects

If used incorrectly, numerous side effects can occur:

• pain in the stomach and along the esophagus;
• belching acid and heartburn;
• vomit, liquid stool streaked with blood;
• lack of appetite;
• headaches with dizziness and loss of orientation;
• the appearance of visual effects in the form of flickering flies or bright circles before the eyes, noise in the auricle;
• iron deficiency anemia against the background of latent gastrointestinal bleeding;
• allergic reactions of immediate and delayed type.

In the instructions and acetylsalicylic acid, the use of the drug in childhood up to 15 years of age, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Do not give the drug to persons who suffer from Reye's syndrome, aneurysms and thrombocytopenia. Relative contraindications: renal and hepatic pathology with signs chronic insufficiency the work of these bodies hemorrhagic diathesis, allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

In every family in the first aid kit there is always such a medicine as acetylsalicylic acid. But every second person is interested in this question: "Acetylsalicylic acid - is it" Aspirin "or not?" That's about it and will be discussed in our article, as well as we will tell about the properties and application this drug.

A bit of history

For the first time, acetylsalicylic acid was discovered at the end of the 19th century by a young chemist Felix Hoffmann, who at that time worked for Bayer. He really wanted to develop a remedy that would help his father relieve joint pain. Idea where to look desired composition, he was prompted by his father's attending physician. He prescribed sodium salicylate to his patient, but the patient could not take it, as it strongly irritated the gastric mucosa.

After two years, a drug such as "Aspirin" was patented in Berlin, so acetylsalicylic acid is "Aspirin". This is an abbreviated name: the prefix "a" is an acetyl group that is attached to salicylic acid, the root "spir" indicates spireic acid (this type of acid is present in plants in the form of an ester, one of them is spirea), and the ending "in" in those distant times, it was often used in the names of medicines.

"Aspirin": chemical composition

It turns out that acetylsalicylic acid is "Aspirin", and its molecule contains two active acids: salicylic and acetic. If the drug is stored at room temperature, then at high humidity it quickly decomposes into two acidic compositions.

That is why acetic and salicylic acids are always present in the composition of Aspirin, after a short period of time the main component becomes much smaller. The shelf life of the drug depends on this.

Taking a pill

After "Aspirin" enters the stomach, and then into the duodenum, the juice from the stomach does not act on it, since the acid is best dissolved in alkaline environment. After the duodenum, it is absorbed into the blood, and only there does it reincarnate, salicylic acid is released. While the substance reaches the liver, the amount of acids decreases, but their water-soluble derivatives become much larger.

And already passing through the vessels of the body, they reach the kidneys, from where they are excreted along with urine. At the exit from Aspirin, a meager dose remains - 0.5%, and the remaining amount is metabolites. They are what they are medicinal composition. I would also like to say that the drug has 4 therapeutic effects:

• Prevention of blood clots.
• Anti-inflammatory properties.
• Antipyretic action.
• Relieves pain syndrome.

Acetylsalicylic acid has a large scope, the instruction contains detailed recommendations by use. Be sure to familiarize yourself with it or consult a doctor.

"Aspirin": application

We found out how acetylsalicylic acid works. From what it helps, we will understand further.

1. Used for pain.
2. At high temperature.
3. At different kind inflammatory processes.
4. In the treatment and prevention of rheumatism.
5. For the prevention of thrombosis.
6. Prevention of stroke and heart attack.

An excellent drug is acetylsalicylic acid, the price for it will also please everyone, because it is low and ranges from 4-100 rubles, depending on the manufacturer and dosage.

"Aspirin": the fight against blood clots

Thrombi form in those places blood vessel where there is any damage to the walls. In these places, fibers are exposed, which hold the cells together. Blood platelets linger on them, which secrete a substance that helps to increase adhesion, and in such places the vessel narrows.

Most often in healthy body thromboxane is opposed by another substance - prostacyclin, it does not allow platelets to stick together and, conversely, dilates blood vessels. At a time when the vessel is damaged, the balance between these two substances is shifted, and prostacyclin simply ceases to be produced. Thromboxane is produced in excess, and the platelet clump grows. Thus, the blood through the vessel flows more and more slowly every day. In the future, this can lead to a stroke or heart attack. If acetylsalicylic acid is constantly taken (the price of the drug, as already noted, is more than affordable), then everything changes dramatically.

The acids contained in Aspirin prevent fast growth thromboxane, help to remove it from the body. Thus, the drug protects blood vessels from blood clots, but it is worth taking the medicine for at least 10 days, since only after this time the platelets restore their ability to stick together.

Acetylsalicylic acid as an antipyretic

Due to the fact that this drug has the ability to dilate blood vessels, the secreted human body heat is removed much better - the temperature drops. Acetylsalicylic acid from temperature is considered the best drug. In addition, this drug also acts on the thermoregulatory centers of the brain, giving it a signal to lower the temperature.

It is undesirable to give this medicine as an antipyretic to children because of its strong irritant effect on the stomach.

Aspirin as an anti-inflammatory and pain reliever

This drug also interferes with the inflammatory processes of the body, it prevents the release of blood into the places of inflammation, as well as those substances that cause pain. He has the ability to enhance the production of the hormone histamine, which dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the site of the inflammatory process. It also helps to strengthen the walls of thin vessels. All this creates an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

As we found out, acetylsalicylic acid is effective on temperature. However, this is not its only merit. It is effective for all types of inflammation and pain occurring in the human body. That is why this drug is most often found in home medicine cabinets.

"Aspirin" for children

Acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed for children at elevated temperature, infectious and inflammatory diseases and severe pain. It should be used with caution in children under the age of 14. But for those who have reached the age of 14, you can take half a tablet (250 mg) in the morning and evening.

"Aspirin" is taken only after a meal, and children should definitely crush the pill and drink plenty of water.

Contraindications

Acetylsalicylic acid (this is “Aspirin”, as most people call it) can not only benefit the body, but also harm. It is considered to be very aggressive.

The first thing you should not do is use an expired drug, since Aspirin can irritate the stomach lining, which will eventually lead to an ulcer. In addition, for those who have gastrointestinal diseases, the drug should be taken only as prescribed by the doctor and it is best to drink the medicine with milk. People with kidney and liver diseases should also take it with the utmost care.

Women during pregnancy are not recommended to take the drug, as there is evidence that it can adversely affect the development of the fetus. Yes, and before childbirth, you should not use it, as this will lead to a weakening of contractions or can cause prolonged bleeding.

If you think that acetylsalicylic acid is completely harmless, the instruction says something completely different. She has a lot of contraindications and side effects. Before use, you need to weigh all the pros and cons.

Conclusion

So, let's sum up. What does acetylsalicylic acid help with? This drug helps elevated temperature, from the formation of blood clots, it is an excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Even though the drug has serious contraindications for use, it promises a bright future. Currently, most scientists are looking for supplements that could reduce pernicious influence funds for individual bodies. It is also believed that other medications will not be able to displace Aspirin, but, on the contrary, it will have new areas of application.