Classmates

Cataract is clouding of the lens of the eye. In most cases, the disease is caused by the natural aging process of the body, but it is also observed in people who have sustained an eye injury, have diabetes, and can also be a consequence of radiation therapy.

Cataract surgery is safe and quick in most cases, especially when performed by a highly qualified specialist. However, there are times when during, and more often after, surgical intervention complications arise.

Complications after cataract removal are divided into 2 types:

In turn, each type includes various types complications. So they attribute to the early ones:

• inflammatory reactions. These include uveitis (inflammation of the vascular system of the eye) and iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris and ciliary body of the eye). This reaction is a completely normal response of the body to the injury that occurred during the operation. If the postoperative period proceeds without complications, then the inflammatory the process will pass on its own in a couple of days and the eye will return to its original state.
• rise inside eye pressure. Associated with clogged drainage system of the eye. Most often it is eliminated by prescribing drops to the patient; in some cases it is treated with punctures.
• hemorrhage in the anterior chamber. It occurs extremely rarely if the iris of the eye is affected.
• retinal detachment. Most often observed with myopia or surgical injuries, it is treated with repeated intervention.
• displacement of the artificial lens. The displacement is caused by improper attachment in the capsular bag or incompatibility of the bag with the lens. Corrected by repeated surgery.

Late complications after cataract removal are:

• secondary cataract. Frequently observed late complication arising after surgery. It occurs due to the fact that incompletely removed epithelial cells continue their development further, transforming into lens fibers. After they move to the central optical zone, clouding occurs, reducing vision. It can be treated with simple surgery or laser.
• swelling of the macular region of the retina. The second name is Irvine-Gass syndrome. It is an accumulation of fluid in the macula of the eye (macula), leading to decreased central vision. It is treated with laser or conventional surgery, as well as a course of medication.

Possible complications after cataract surgery

More than 98% of patients have improved vision after surgery. if there were no concomitant eye diseases. Recovery is proceeding smoothly. Moderate or severe complications are extremely rare but require immediate medical attention.

Eye infections After cataract surgery, they are very rare - one case in several thousand. But if the infection develops inside the eye, you can lose your vision and even your eye.

Most ophthalmologists use antibiotics before, during, and after cataract surgery to minimize the risk. External inflammation or infections usually respond well to medication. However, infection can develop in the eye very quickly, even within a day after surgery, and in such cases immediate treatment is required.

Intraocular inflammation (swelling at the incision site) that occurs in response to surgery is usually a minor reaction in the postoperative period.

Small discharge from a corneal incision is rare, but can create a high risk of intraocular infection and other unpleasant consequences. If this occurs, your doctor may recommend using a contact lens or place a lens on your eye. pressure bandage promoting healing. But sometimes additional stitches are needed to close the wound.

Some people may develop severe astigmatism, an abnormal curvature of the cornea that causes blurred vision, after surgery due to inflammation of the tissue or too tight sutures. But when the eye heals after surgery, the swelling goes down and the stitches are removed, the astigmatism usually corrects itself. In some cases, cataract removal can reduce pre-existing astigmatism because the incisions can change the shape of the cornea.

Bleeding inside the eye is another possible complication. It occurs quite rarely, since small incisions are made in the eye exclusively on the cornea and do not affect blood vessels inside the eye. By the way, even bleeding caused by large incisions can stop on its own without causing any harm. Bleeding from choroid eye - a thin membrane in the middle layer of the eye, between the sclera and retina, is a rare but serious complication that can cause total loss vision.

To others possible complication After cataract surgery, secondary glaucoma occurs - increased intraocular pressure. It is usually temporary and can be caused by inflammation, bleeding, adhesions, or other factors that increase intraocular (in the eyeball) pressure. Drug treatment for glaucoma usually helps regulate blood pressure, but sometimes laser treatment or surgery is required. Retinal detachment - serious illness, during which the retina is separated from back wall eyes. Although this does not happen often, it requires surgery.

Sometimes tissue becomes inflamed 1-3 months after cataract surgery macular spot retina. This condition is called cystoid macula edema. characterized by blurred central vision. With the help of a special analysis, an ophthalmologist can make a diagnosis and carry out drug treatment. IN in rare cases the implant may move. In this case, blurred vision, bright double vision, or blurred vision may occur. If this interferes with your vision, your ophthalmologist may replace or replace the implant.

In 30-50% of all cases, the residual membrane (the capsule left in the eye to support the implant) becomes cloudy some time after surgery, causing blurred vision. It is often called secondary, or post-cataract, but this does not mean that the cataract has formed again; this is only a clouding of the membrane surface. If such a condition interferes with cleanliness visual perception, it can be eliminated using a procedure called YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) capsulotomy. During this procedure, the ophthalmologist uses a laser to create holes in the center of the cloudy membrane to allow light to pass through. This can be done quickly and painlessly, without incisions.

Complications After Cataract Surgery

Types of complications

• increase in intraocular pressure;
• uevitis, iridocyclitis – inflammatory eye reactions;
• retinal detachment;
• hemorrhage in the anterior chamber;
• displacement of the artificial lens;
• secondary cataract.

Retinal detachment

Full Lens Shift

Secondary cataract

Possible complications

The most common complication of lens replacement surgery. Secondary cataract is expressed as opacification of the posterior capsule. It was revealed that the frequency of its development depends on the material from which the artificial lens is made. For example, polyacrylic IOLs cause it in 10% of cases, and silicone lenses - in almost 40%; there are also lenses made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the frequency of this complication for them is 56%. The reasons that provoke the occurrence of secondary cataracts, as well as effective methods its prevention has not yet been fully studied.

It is generally accepted that this complication is caused by migration of the lens epithelium into the space between the lens and the posterior capsule. Lens epithelium is the cells remaining after lens removal that contribute to the formation of deposits that significantly impair image quality. One more possible reason fibrosis of the lens capsule is considered. Elimination of such a defect is carried out using a YAG laser, which is used to create a hole in the center of the area of ​​the clouded posterior lens capsule.

This is a complication of the early postoperative period. It may be caused by incomplete leaching of viscoelastic, a gel-like special drug, which is inserted into the anterior chamber to protect the structures of the eye from surgical damage. In addition, the cause may be the development of pupillary block if there is a displacement of the IOL towards the iris. Elimination of this complication does not take much time; in most cases, taking antiglaucoma drops for several days is enough.

Cystoid macular edema (Irvine-Gass syndrome)

A similar complication occurs after phacoemulsification of cataracts in approximately 1% of cases. While the extracapsular lens removal technique does possible development This complication occurs in almost 20% of operated patients. People with diabetes, uveitis, or wet AMD are most at risk. In addition, the incidence of macular edema increases after cataract extraction, which is complicated by rupture of the posterior capsule or loss of vitreous. Treatment is carried out with corticosteroids, NSAIDs, angiogenesis inhibitors. If ineffective conservative treatment sometimes a vitreectomy may be prescribed.

A fairly common complication of cataract removal. Causes – a change in the pumping function of the endothelium, which occurred due to mechanical or chemical damage during surgery, inflammatory reaction or concomitant ocular pathology. As a rule, swelling goes away within a few days, without treatment. In 0.1% of cases, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy may develop, accompanied by the formation of bullae (vesicles) in the cornea. In such cases, it is prescribed hypertonic solutions or ointments, use medicinal contact lenses, and treat the pathology that caused this condition. Lack of treatment effect may result in corneal transplantation.

A very common complication of IOL implantation, leading to a deterioration in the outcome of the operation. Moreover, the amount of induced astigmatism is directly related to the method of cataract extraction, the length of the incision, its location, the presence of sutures, and the occurrence of any complications during the operation. Correction of small degrees of astigmatism is carried out with spectacle correction or using contact lenses; with severe astigmatism, refractive surgery is possible.

Displacement (dislocation) of the IOL

Enough rare complication, compared to those described above. Retrospective studies have found that the risks of IOL dislocation in operated patients 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years after implantation are 0.1, 0.2, 0.7 and 1.7%, respectively. It has also been found that pseudoexfoliation syndrome and laxity of the zonules of Zinn can increase the likelihood of lens displacement.

IOL implantation increases the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. As a rule, patients with complications that arose during surgery, who injured the eye in the period after surgical intervention those with myopic refraction, diabetics. In 50% of cases, such a detachment occurs in the first year after surgery. Most often it occurs after intracapsular cataract extraction surgery (in 5.7% of cases), least often after extracapsular cataract extraction surgery (in 0.41-1.7% of cases) and phacoemulsification (in 0.25-0.57% of cases). cases). All patients with implanted IOLs should continue to be followed by an ophthalmologist to ensure that this complication is detected as early as possible. The principle of treatment for this complication is the same as for detachments of other etiologies.

Very rarely, choroidal (expulsive) bleeding occurs during cataract surgery - acute condition, which is absolutely impossible to predict in advance. When it occurs, bleeding develops from the damaged choroidal vessels, which lie under the retina, feeding it. Risk factors for the development of such conditions are arterial hypertension, sudden rise in IOP, atherosclerosis, aphakia, glaucoma, axial myopia, or, conversely, small anteroposterior size eyeball, taking anticoagulants, inflammation, old age.

Often it stops on its own, with virtually no effect on visual functions, but sometimes its consequences can even lead to the loss of an eye. Basic treatment - complex therapy, including the use of local and systemic corticosteroids, drugs with cycloplegic and mydriatic effects, and antiglaucoma drugs. In some cases, surgery is indicated.

Endophthalmitis is also a fairly rare complication in cataract surgery, which can lead to a significant decrease in vision, up to its complete loss. The frequency of its occurrence can be 0.13 - 0.7%.

The risk of developing endophthalmitis may increase if the patient has blepharitis, conjunctivitis, canaliculitis, obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts, entropion, when using contact lenses, a prosthesis of the fellow eye, or after immunosuppressive therapy. Signs of an intraocular infection may include: severe redness of the eye, increased sensitivity to light, pain, and decreased vision. Prevention of endophthalmitis - instillation of 5% povidone-iodine before surgery, administration inside the chamber or subconjunctivally antibacterial agents, sanitizing possible foci of infection. It is especially important to use disposable or thoroughly treat reusable surgical instruments with disinfectants.

Advantages of treatment at MGK

Almost all of the above complications surgical treatment Cataracts are poorly predictable and are often associated with circumstances beyond the surgeon’s skill. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the complication that has arisen as an inevitable risk that is inherent in any surgical intervention. The main thing in such circumstances is to get necessary help and adequate treatment.

By using the services of specialists from the Moscow Eye Clinic, you can be sure that you will receive all the necessary assistance in full, regardless of the location of the operation that caused the complication. Our patients have the latest diagnostic and surgical equipment, the best ophthalmologists and ophthalmic surgeons in Moscow, and attentive medical staff at their disposal. The clinic’s specialists have accumulated sufficient experience effective treatment complications of cataract surgery. The clinic has a comfortable 24-hour hospital. We work for you all week, seven days a week, from 9.00 to 21.00 Moscow time.

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Increase in intraocular pressure in postoperative period may occur in connection with: the development of pupillary block, or clogging of the drainage system with special viscous preparations - highly elastic, used at all stages of the operation to protect intraocular structures and, especially, the cornea of ​​the eye, if they are incompletely washed out of the eye. In this case, with a rise in intraocular pressure, instillation of drops is prescribed, and this is usually sufficient. Only in rare cases, when intraocular pressure increases in the early postoperative period, an additional operation is performed - puncture (puncture) of the anterior chamber and its thorough washing. Retinal detachment occurs with the following predisposing factors:

• myopia,

Cataract surgery performed by a professional surgeon does not take much time and is considered a completely safe procedure. But even a specialist’s extensive experience does not exclude the development of complications after eye cataract surgery, because Any surgical intervention carries a certain degree of risk.

Types of pathologies after surgery

After surgery, doctors divide the negative results of the operation into two components:

1. Intraoperative – occur during the work of surgeons.
2. Postoperative – develop after surgery; depending on the time of their occurrence, they are divided into early and late.

The risk of complications after cataract surgery occurs in 1.5% of cases.

Postoperative complications are represented by the following types:

The inflammatory response is the reaction of eye tissue to intervention. At the final stages of the operation, doctors administer anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics and steroids) that have a wide spectrum of action.

Intraocular bleeding after cataract surgery occurs in rare cases. An incision is made on the cornea, where there are no blood vessels. If bleeding occurs, it can be assumed that it occurs on the surface of the eye. The surgeon cauterizes the area, stopping it.

The early period after cataract surgery is usually characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure. The reason for this is insufficient leaching of the viscoelastic. This is a gel-like drug that is injected inside in front of the camera of the eye, it should protect the eyes from damage. In order to relieve pressure, it is enough to take anti-glaucoma drops for several days.

Such a complication after cataract surgery as lens dislocation is less common. Studies show that the risk of this phenomenon in patients 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years after surgical treatment, small. Patients with severe myopia are at risk of getting retinal detachment in surgical department quite big.

Postoperative complications

1. Swelling of the central zone of the retina.
2. Cataract (secondary).

The most common complication is clouding of the posterior capsule of the lens of the eye or a variant of “secondary cataract”. The frequency of its occurrence is directly dependent on the lens material. For polyacrylic it is approximately 10%. For silicone – 40%. For PMMA material – more than 50%.

Secondary cataract as a complication after surgery may not occur immediately, but several months after the intervention. Treatment in this case consists of capsulotomy - this is the creation of an opening in the lens capsule located at the back. Thanks to this, the eye surgeon frees the optical zone in the eye from clouding processes, allows light to freely penetrate into the eye and increase the acuity of visual perception.

Swelling characteristic of the macular zone of the retina is also a pathology that is typical during operations in the anterior area of ​​the eye. This complication can occur from 3 to 13 weeks after the end of the surgical intervention.

The likelihood of developing a problem such as macular edema increases if the patient has had an eye injury in the past. In addition, people with glaucoma are at increased risk of swelling after surgery. high sugar And inflammatory processes, occurring in the choroid of the eye.

Cataracts are a common eye disease caused by clouding of the lens. Causes visual impairment. The disease is typical for older people, usually after 60 years. But there are cases of cataracts appearing at an earlier age.

Cataracts belong to the category ophthalmological diseases, which is characterized by a decrease in the quality of vision as a result of clouding of the lens and its capsule. Requires urgent treatment, as it can cause complete loss of vision.

One of the common eye diseases is cataracts. Most often it occurs in people old age.

The modern ophthalmological market is replete with intraocular lenses from various manufacturers. The cost of IOLs also varies significantly. For an ordinary person who does not know which lens is better for cataracts, such diversity becomes a cause of doubt.

Surgical removal of cataracts is a highly effective, but rather complex and expensive operation, the risk of complications after which is relatively high. Complications after cataract surgery occur, as a rule, in those patients who have concomitant diseases or do not comply with the rehabilitation regime. In addition, the development of complications may result from a medical error.

Common complications are described below.

Eye watering

Excessive tearing may result from infection. Infection in the eye during surgery is practically excluded due to sterility. However, failure to follow the doctor's recommendations in the postoperative period (washing with running water, constantly rubbing the eye, etc.) can lead to infection. In this case, antibacterial drugs are used.

Redness of the eye

Redness of the eye can be both a sign of infection and a symptom of a more serious complication - hemorrhage. Hemorrhage into the eye cavity can occur during surgery for traumatic cataracts and requires immediate assistance specialist

Corneal edema

Consequences of cataract surgery may include corneal swelling. Mild degree swelling is a fairly common phenomenon and appears, most often, 2-3 hours after surgery. Most often, mild swelling resolves on its own, but in order to speed up the process, the doctor may prescribe eye drops. During swelling, vision may be blurry.

Eye pain

In some cases, intraocular pressure increases after cataract removal. Most often this occurs due to the use of a solution during surgery that cannot pass normally through the drainage system of the eye. Increased pressure manifests itself as pain in the eye or headache. As a rule, increased intraocular pressure is treated with medication.

Retinal detachment

Consequences after cataract removal include such a serious complication as retinal detachment. Patients with myopia (myopia) are at risk. According to research, the incidence of retinal detachment is about 3-4%.

A fairly rare complication is displacement of the implanted intraocular lens. Often this complication is associated with a rupture of the posterior capsule, which holds the lens in the correct position. The displacement can manifest itself as flashes of light before the eyes or, on the contrary, darkening in the eyes. The most striking manifestation is “double vision” in the eyes. With strong displacement, the patient can even see the edge of the lens. If these symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. The displacement is eliminated by “suturing” the lens to the capsule that holds it. In case of prolonged displacement (more than 3 months), the lens may become scarred, which will subsequently complicate its removal.

Endophthalmitis

Enough serious complication cataract surgery is endophthalmitis - extensive inflammation of the tissues of the eyeball. Advanced endophthalmitis can cause vision loss, so treatment should never be delayed. The average incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract removal is about 0.1%. At risk are patients with diseases thyroid gland and weakened immunity.

Opacification of the lens capsule

Complications after cataract removal include clouding of the posterior capsule of the lens. The reason for the development of this complication is the “growth” of epithelial cells on the posterior capsule. This complication may lead to blurred vision and reduced visual acuity. Posterior capsule opacification is quite common - in 20-25% of patients who have undergone cataract removal. Treatment for opacification of the posterior capsule is surgical, and is carried out using a YAG laser, which “burns out” the growths of epithelial cells on the capsule. The procedure is painless for the patient, does not require anesthesia, and instillation of anti-inflammatory drops is recommended after it. Patient after laser therapy can immediately return to the normal rhythm of life. Sometimes after the procedure there is blurred vision, which disappears fairly quickly.

People who have had to deal with such an ophthalmological problem as lens opacity know that the only way to get rid of it is cataract surgery, that is, IOL implantation. In the United States, more than 3 million such operations are performed per year, and 98% of them are successful. In principle, this operation is simple, quick and safe, but it does not exclude the development of complications. What complications may arise after cataract surgery and how to correct them, we will find out by reading this article.

All complications that accompany IOL implantation can be divided into those that occurred directly during surgery or postoperatively. Postoperative complications include:

increase in intraocular pressure; uevitis, iridocyclitis - inflammatory ocular reactions; retinal detachment; hemorrhage in the anterior chamber; displacement of the artificial lens; secondary cataract.

Inflammatory eye reactions

Inflammatory responses almost always accompany cataract surgery. That is why, immediately after the completion of the intervention, steroid drugs or antibiotics are injected under the conjunctiva of the patient’s eye. wide range actions. In most cases, symptoms of the response will completely disappear after about 2-3 days.

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber

This is a fairly rare complication that is associated with trauma or damage to the iris during surgery. Usually the blood resolves on its own within a few days. If this does not happen, doctors rinse the anterior chamber and, if necessary, additionally fix the lens of the eye.

Increase in intraocular pressure

This complication may occur due to clogging of the drainage system with highly elastic, viscous drugs that are used during surgery to protect the cornea and other intraocular structures. Usually, instilling drops that reduce intraocular pressure solves this problem. In exceptional cases, it becomes necessary to puncture the anterior chamber and thoroughly rinse it.

Retinal detachment

This complication is considered severe, and it occurs in the event of an eye injury after surgery. In addition, retinal detachment is most common in people with myopia. In this case, ophthalmologists most often decide to perform an operation, which consists of filling the sclera - vitrectomy. In the case of a small area of ​​detachment, restrictive laser coagulation of the retinal tear can be performed. Among other things, retinal detachment leads to another problem, namely lens displacement. Patients begin to complain about fatigue eyes, pain, as well as double vision when looking into the distance. These symptoms are not permanent and usually disappear after a short rest. When a significant displacement occurs (1 mm or more), the patient feels constant visual discomfort. This problem requires repeated intervention.

Full Lens Shift

Dislocation of the implanted lens is considered the most severe complication, which requires unconditional surgical intervention. The operation involves lifting the lens and then fixing it in the correct position.

Secondary cataract

Another complication after cataract surgery is the formation of secondary cataracts. It occurs due to the proliferation of remaining epithelial cells from the damaged lens, which spread to the area of ​​the posterior capsule. The patient experiences deterioration in vision. To correct this problem, it is necessary to undergo a laser or surgical capsulotomy procedure. Take care of your eyes!

Posterior capsule rupture

This is a fairly serious complication, as it may be accompanied by loss of the vitreous body, posterior migration of the lens masses and, less commonly, expulsive bleeding. If not treated appropriately, long-term consequences of vitreous loss include a pulled-up pupil, uveitis, vitreous opacities, wick syndrome, secondary glaucoma, posterior dislocation of the artificial lens, retinal detachment, and chronic cystoid macular edema.

Signs of posterior capsule rupture

Sudden deepening of the anterior chamber and instantaneous dilatation of the pupil. Failure of the nucleus, inability to pull it to the tip of the probe. Possibility of vitreous aspiration. The ruptured capsule or vitreous body is clearly visible.

Tactics depend on the stage of the operation at which the rupture occurred, its size and the presence or absence of vitreous prolapse. The basic rules include:

introduction of viscoelastic behind the nuclear masses in order to bring them into the anterior chamber and prevent vitreous hernia; insertion of a special gland behind the lens masses to close the defect in the capsule; removal of lens fragments by introducing viscoelastic or removing them using phaco; complete removal vitreous from the anterior chamber and the area of ​​incision with a vitreotome; The decision to implant an artificial lens should be made taking into account the following criteria:

If the lens masses in large quantities entered the vitreous cavity, an artificial lens should not be implanted, as it may interfere with fundus visualization and successful pars plana vitrectomy. Artificial lens implantation can be combined with vitrectomy.

If there is a small tear in the posterior capsule, careful implantation of a CD-IOL into the capsular bag is possible.

In case of a large tear and especially with an intact anterior capsulorhexis, it is possible to fix the CB-IOL in the ciliary groove with the optical part placed in the capsular bag.

Insufficient capsule support may necessitate sulcus suturing of the intraocular lens or implantation of a glide-assisted PC IOL. However, PC IOLs are associated with more complications, including bullous keratopathy, hyphema, iris folds, and pupil irregularity.

Dislocation of lens fragments

Dislocation of lens fragments into the vitreous body after rupture of the zonular fibers or posterior capsule is a rare but dangerous phenomenon, as it can lead to glaucoma, chronic uveitis, retinal detachment and chronic cystoid macular edema. These complications are more often associated with phaco than with EEC. Initially, treatment for uveitis and glaucoma must be carried out, then the patient should be referred to a vitreoretinal surgeon for vitrectomy and removal of lens fragments.

NB: There may be cases where it is not possible to achieve the correct position even for a PC IOL. Then it is safer to refuse implantation and decide to correct aphakia with a contact lens or secondary implantation of an intraocular lens at a later date.

The timing of the operation is controversial. Some suggest removing residues within 1 week, as later removal affects recovery visual functions. Others recommend postponing surgery for 2-3 weeks and undergoing treatment for uveitis and increased intraocular pressure. Hydration and softening of the lens masses during treatment facilitates their removal using a vitreotome.

Surgical techniques include pars plana vitrectomy and removal of soft fragments with a vitreotome. More dense fragments of the nucleus are connected by the introduction of viscous liquids (for example, perfluorocarbon) and further emulsification with a phragmatome in the center of the vitreous cavity or removal through a corneal incision or scleral pocket. Alternative method removal of dense nuclear masses - their crushing followed by aspiration,

Dislocation of the GK-IOL into the vitreous cavity

Dislocation of the GC IOL into the vitreous cavity is a rare and complex phenomenon, indicating improper implantation. Leaving an intraocular lens in place can lead to vitreal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, uveitis, and chronic cystoid macular edema. Treatment is vitrectomy with removal, reposition or replacement of the intraocular lens.

With adequate capsular support, repositioning of the same intraocular lens into the ciliary sulcus is possible. With inadequate capsular support, the following options are possible: removal of the intraocular lens and aphakia, removal of the intraocular lens and replacing it with a PC-IOL, scleral fixation of the same intraocular lens with a non-absorbable suture, implantation of iris-clip lenses.

Hemorrhage into the suprachoroidal space

Hemorrhage into the suprachoroidal space may be a consequence of expulsive bleeding, sometimes accompanied by prolapse of the contents of the eyeball. This is a serious but rare complication and is unlikely to occur with phacoemulsification. The source of hemorrhage is a rupture of the long or posterior short ciliary arteries. Contributing factors are old age, glaucoma, an increase in the anteroposterior segment, cardiovascular diseases and loss of vitreous, although the exact cause of the bleeding is not known.

Signs of suprachoroidal hemorrhage

Increasing fragmentation of the anterior chamber, increased intraocular pressure, iris prolapse. Leakage of the vitreous body, disappearance of the reflex and the appearance of a dark tubercle in the pupil area. In acute cases, the entire contents of the eyeball may leak through the incision area.

Immediate actions include closing the incision. Posterior sclerotomy, although recommended, may increase bleeding and lead to loss of the eye. After surgery, the patient is prescribed local and systemic steroids to relieve intraocular inflammation.

Ultrasound examination is used to assess the severity of changes that have occurred; surgery is indicated 7-14 days after blood clots have liquefied. The blood is drained and vitrectomy is performed with air/fluid exchange. Despite poor prognosis in terms of vision, in some cases it is possible to preserve residual vision.

The swelling is usually reversible and is most often caused by the operation itself and injury to the endothelium through contact with instruments and the intraocular lens. Patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy pose an increased risk. Other causes of edema are the use of excessive power during phacoemulsification, complicated or prolonged surgery, and postoperative hypertension.

Iris prolapse

Iris prolapse is a rare complication of small incision surgery but can occur with EEC.

Causes of iris loss

The incision for phacoemulsification is closer to the periphery. Moisture leaking through the cut. Poor suture placement after EEC. Patient-related factors (cough or other strain).

Symptoms of iris loss

On the surface of the eyeball in the area of ​​the incision, prolapsed iris tissue is detected. The anterior chamber at the incision site may be shallow.

Complications: uneven wound scarring, severe astigmatism, epithelial ingrowth, chronic anterior uveitis, macular edema and endophthalmitis.

Treatment depends on the interval between surgery and detection of prolapse. If the iris falls out during the first 2 days and there is no infection, its reposition with repeated application seams. If the prolapse occurred a long time ago, an excision of the area of ​​the prolapsed iris is performed due to high risk infections.

Intraocular lens displacement

Displacement of the intraocular lens is rare, but can be accompanied by both optical defects and disturbances in the structures of the eye. When the edge of the intraocular lens is displaced into the pupil area, patients are bothered by visual aberrations, glare and monocular diplopia.

Intraocular lens displacement mainly occurs during surgery. It can be caused by dialysis of the ligament of Zinn, capsule rupture, and can also occur after conventional phacoemulsification, when one haptic part is placed in the capsular bag and the second in the ciliary groove. Postoperative reasons are injuries, irritation of the eyeball and contraction of the capsule.

Treatment with miotics is beneficial for minor displacement. Significant displacement of the intraocular lens may require replacement.

Rheumatogenous retinal detachment

Rheumatogenous retinal detachment, although rare after EEC or phacoemulsification, may be associated with the following risk factors.

Lattice degeneration or retinal breaks require pretreatment before cataract extraction or laser capsulotomy if ophthalmoscopy is possible (or immediately after it becomes possible). High myopia.

During surgery

Vitreous loss, especially if subsequent management was incorrect, and the risk of detachment is about 7%. If myopia is >6 diopters, the risk increases to 1.5%.

Performing YAG laser capsulotomy in early dates(within a year after surgery).

Cystoid retinal edema

Most often it develops after a complicated operation, which was accompanied by rupture of the posterior capsule and prolapse, and sometimes strangulation of the vitreous, although it can also be observed during a successfully performed operation. Usually appears 2-6 months after surgery.

One of the causes of cataracts is changes biochemical composition lens, most often associated with age-related changes in the body, disruption of its blood supply and nutrition.
Therefore, unfortunately, from this eye disease no one is immune. We can roughly say that if all people lived to be 120-150 years old, then everyone would have cataracts.

What factors contribute to the development of cataracts?

There are many factors contributing to the development of cataracts: genetic predisposition, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, vitamin deficiency, ultraviolet irradiation, increased radiation, unfavorable environmental conditions. But age-related cataracts are the most common. Its cause is changes occurring throughout the human body. As a rule, age-related cataracts develop after 40-50 years.

What to do if your doctor diagnoses you with cataracts?

As sad as it may be, cataracts cannot be cured with medication alone. Medicines They only allow you to slow down the development of the disease. The only way to get rid of cataracts is through surgery to remove the clouded lens. Modern surgical techniques involve replacing the cloudy lens, which interferes with normal vision, artificial intraocular lens.

Which cataract treatment method is most effective?

Today, the most effective, reliable and gentle method of getting rid of cataracts is ultrasound phacoemulsification with implantation of an artificial intraocular lens. This is what is offered to their patients at Excimer ophthalmology clinics.

Is it possible to remove cataracts with a laser?

Removing cataracts using a laser is now possible; moreover, this is the most progressive method for treating this disease today. Laser technologies have long been successfully used in ophthalmology, in particular in laser correction vision, and the latest achievement of ophthalmic technologies is the use of femtosecond surgical laser in cataract surgery. This technique is available in the Moscow and St. Petersburg Excimer clinics.

What is phacoemulsification surgery?

Unlike the classical (old) technique, sutures are not applied after such an operation, since the micro-access is so small (up to 1.8 mm) that it seals itself.
The operation is performed within 10-15 minutes, in the “one day” mode. Local drip anesthesia used during phacoemulsification completely eliminates painful sensations and complications from cardiovascular system. During the treatment process, the clouded lens is emulsified using ultrasound and then removed from the eye. In its place, a folding intraocular lens is implanted, which independently unfolds and is securely fixed inside the eye.
The undoubted advantage of the operation is that there is no need to wait until the cataract matures - phacoemulsification can be performed on early stages development of the disease.
The operation is carried out in a “one-day” mode - the patient returns home on the same day. Restrictions on physical and visual activity in the future are minimal.

What will your vision be like after surgery?

The feelings of someone who has undergone cataract surgery can be described as follows. Imagine that in your youth you looked at the world through transparent glass; over time, layers of dust settled on it: the colors became less bright and rich, objects lost their clear outlines. After surgery, you will feel like time has turned back and you can see as well as you once did.
Of course, the result largely depends on whether you have concomitant diseases, for example, glaucoma, macular degeneration. After all, they can also significantly affect the functions of the eye and prevent full restoration vision. However, it also happens: a person had severe myopia, and without glasses he could see almost nothing. As he grew older, he developed cataracts. His lens was removed and replaced with an artificial lens. The parameters of the lens are calculated based on the parameters of a particular eye, as a result a person can simultaneously get rid of myopia, farsightedness, and astigmatism if he suffered from them before. As a result, your vision will be better than before the cataract developed. In most cases modern technique allows us to take into account the patient’s wishes regarding future vision. Nowadays, intraocular lenses are used, which have almost all the properties of a natural lens, allowing you to clearly see both nearby objects and those located far away and significantly limit the use of glasses, or even get rid of them altogether.

What are the best artificial lenses at the moment?

It’s clear to say that this is the one best lens(artificial lens) and it suits anyone - it’s impossible. IN medical institution Different models should be presented, only then will the doctor be able to approach the selection individually.
Manufacturers strive to make lenses as similar in properties as possible to the natural human lens. For example, a model of a lens with a yellow filter. Such lenses are similar to the filter of the natural human lens. It protects the retina from harmful effects ultraviolet and blue rays, reduces the risk of developing age-related retinal diseases. Aspheric lenses, having an aspherical surface, provide clearer and more contrasting vision in low light conditions, for example, in the evening. And multifocal lenses make it possible to imitate the work of the natural lens of the eye and achieve optimal visual acuity both near and far, which can significantly reduce a person’s dependence on glasses or get rid of them altogether.
Currently, the development of accommodating artificial lenses is underway, which will be able to change their shape like the natural lens of the human eye, “focusing”, due to which a person can see well at different distances.

Do I need to undergo vision diagnostics and general examinations before surgery?

Complete diagnostic examination visual system- this is collateral successful treatment. At the Excimer ophthalmology clinic, diagnostics are carried out using modern computerized equipment, which makes it possible to obtain an objective and complete picture of the condition of the cornea, lens, retina, that is, the entire visual system in general. And select local treatment individually accordingly.

Will I need to wear glasses after surgery?

After cataract surgery, the patient usually requires glasses for reading, writing, and working with small parts. After all, the operation removes the lens affected by cataracts, but does not restore the ability to accommodate - that is, to see well near and far at the same time.
However, today, thanks to latest achievements intraocular lenses, it has become possible to significantly reduce a person’s dependence on glasses or get rid of them altogether.
The special structure of the optical part of the “multifocal” lens allows you to imitate the work of the natural lens of the eye. Such a lens has “several focuses”, rather than just one, which makes it possible to clearly see objects both distant and nearby. According to clinical trials, 85% of patients who have had a multifocal lens implanted do not wear glasses or contact lenses at all.

How widely is the phacoemulsification method used in the treatment of cataracts in world practice?

Nowadays, the method of phacoemulsification of cataracts is the most common. This cataract operation has now been brought to such perfection that it is called the “pearl” of ophthalmic surgery!
The World Health Organization recognizes the method of ultrasonic phacoemulsification of cataracts as the only completely rehabilitative method of treating this disease.

Are there any restrictions after surgery?

Restrictions after modern surgical intervention - phacoemulsification - are minimal. But doctors warn patients that during the first month after surgery it is necessary to protect the eyes from excessive strain, avoid sharp bends, do not expose the eyes to sudden temperature changes, do not rub the operated eyes, and try not to abuse alcoholic beverages. However, as before, you can watch TV, read, write, swim, and eat any food. If bright light causes discomfort, you can wear sunglasses.

Until what age can cataract surgery be performed?

The high reliability and predictability of phacoemulsification technology allows this method to be used in the treatment of patients of different ages. Thus, the oldest patient at the Excimer clinic, who had a cataract removed, was 102 years old, and the youngest was only 5 months old.

How quickly does normal vision return after surgery?

After phacoemulsification, the patient sees quite well within a few hours, and complete stabilization of vision occurs within a week.

Do I need to stay in the hospital?

There is no need to stay in the hospital. The operation is performed in the “one day” mode, within 15-20 minutes. On the same day, after being examined by a doctor, the patient returns home.

How often will I need to visit the doctor after surgery?

After surgery, the attending physician will determine a visit schedule. preventive examinations. Typically, patients are examined the next day after surgery, then after a week, one month, three months, and more often if necessary. It all depends on individual characteristics visual system.

What is included in the cost of the operation?

At the Excimer ophthalmology clinic, the cost of cataract surgery includes all consumables and medications, an intraocular lens, and the necessary postoperative examinations.

For additional questions on cataracts, please see our section

During the operation and the postoperative period that follows surgical lens replacement with , a number of risks and complications are possible that can cause vision deterioration.

Types of complications

Rupture of the posterior lens capsule. This complication is considered one of the most serious, as it is associated with damage to the vitreous body, displacement of the lens, and, less commonly, expulsive bleeding. If the time to treat this complication is missed, there may be the following consequences: pupil pulled up, formation of vitreous opacities, occurrence of secondary, posterior displacement of the intraocular lens, .
Actions to eliminate the consequences of this complication completely depend on at what stage of the operation the rupture occurred and its volume. Basic rules include:

• Removal of the lens masses into the anterior chamber by introducing viscoelastic behind the nuclear masses, which will prevent vitreous herniation;
• Elimination of a defect in the capsule by introducing a special gland behind the lens masses;
• Removal of the vitreous body using a vitreotome.

The resulting complication may make it impossible to implant an intraocular lens, since residual masses of the lens substance may interfere with visualization of the patient’s fundus. IOL implantation can be combined with.

Posterior prolapse lens substance. In the process of rupture of the lens capsule, dislocation of lens fragments into the vitreous region may occur. This complication is quite rare, but can cause the development of secondary glaucoma, retinal detachment, chronic macular edema. To eliminate the consequences of the complication, the first stage is treatment of glaucoma and resulting uveitis, then a vitrectomy operation is prescribed to eliminate the lens substance.

Experts disagree regarding the timing of eliminating the consequences of complications. Some believe that removal of the remnants of the lens must be carried out within a week, others are of the view that normalization of intraocular pressure and treatment of uveitis is first necessary, and vitrectomy to clear the space of lens masses can be carried out after three weeks.

Posterior dislocation of the intraocular lens. When posterior capsular IOLs are displaced towards the vitreous body, it may indicate, first of all, improper lens implantation. Such a complication can cause retinal detachment, vitreal hemorrhage, and cystic macular edema. Its treatment is vitrectomy to remove, reposition or replace the IOL.

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage. This serious but very rare complication may be caused by expulsive bleeding due to rupture of the ciliary arteries. Factors contributing to its occurrence are: the elderly age of the patient, a large size of the anteroposterior segment, glaucoma, cardiovascular diseases, although its exact cause is still not clear.

Signs of suprachoroidal hemorrhage are considered to be:

• Dynamic shallowing of the anterior chamber, increased IOP, prolapse.
• The vitreous fluid leaks, a dark tubercle appears in the pupil area, and the reflex disappears.
• In difficult cases, the entire contents of the eyeball may leak through the incision area.

The condition requires immediate action, including closing the incision and performing a posterior repair. Although the recommended surgery may increase bleeding, leading to loss of the eye. In the postoperative period, the patient is prescribed steroids to relieve inflammation (locally and systemically).

Corneal edema. A reversible complication associated with surgical injury to the endothelium. Patients with endothelial dystrophy have an increased risk of its occurrence. Other factors in its occurrence can be considered a prolonged operation time and a postoperative increase in IOP.

Iris prolapse. This rather rare complication can accompany small incision cataract surgery. The main signs of iris prolapse are considered to be uneven scarring of the wound, cystoid edema of the macula, epithelial ingrowth, and endophthalmitis.

In this case, treatment tactics depend on the timing of the operation. If the prolapse is detected immediately (within 2 days after the intervention), then in the absence of infection, the iris is repositioned and sutures are applied. If the operation was performed a long time ago, the prolapsed area of ​​the iris is excised due to the high risk of infection.

Cystoid retinal edema. This complication is associated with rupture of the lens capsule and loss or strangulation of the vitreous body. It may appear several months later even in the absence of surgical complications.

Video from our doctor on the topic

Rehabilitation period

Lens replacement surgery for cataracts involves certain recovery period when it is necessary to comply with the recommended rules for speedy recovery vision. These rules are common to all patients undergoing surgery. However, the attending physician reserves the right to make some adjustments in them if the specifics of a particular case require it.

• Avoid touching and putting pressure on the operated eye;
• Be sure to use sunglasses outdoors, even in cloudy weather and in winter;
• Follow the schedule of visits to the doctor and follow all necessary recommendations.

Mode. Lens replacement surgery does not require compliance bed rest. Certain requirements exist only for sleep: do not sleep on the side of the operated eye and on the stomach in the first three days after surgery.

Hygiene. When bathing and washing, it is necessary to prevent water from entering the operated eye. If this does happen, you need to rinse the eye with a solution of furatsilin (02%).

Bandage. It is recommended to wear it only for the first 3 days after lens replacement surgery. The bandage will protect the injured eye from dust and bright sunlight or artificial light. It is done very easily; to do this, I roll up ordinary pharmacy gauze in several layers and attach it to the forehead with an adhesive plaster.

Drops. To prevent the development of infection and faster healing wound surface, the attending physician must prescribe several drugs in drops according to the following scheme: the first week - 4 times a day, the second - 3 times, the third - 2 times. Then all drugs are discontinued.

After some time, all restrictions are completely lifted and the person returns to their usual way of life and work. But there remain preventative visits to an ophthalmologist for examination in order to monitor the dynamics of recovery and restoration of vision.

By contacting the Moscow Eye Clinic, each patient can be sure that some of the best Russian specialists will be responsible for the results of treatment. Confidence in making the right choice will certainly add high reputation clinics and thousands of grateful patients. The most modern equipment for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and individual approach to the problems of each patient - a guarantee of high treatment results at the Moscow Eye Clinic. We provide diagnosis and treatment for children over 4 years of age and adults.

Our doctors who will save you from cataracts:

You can find out the cost of a particular procedure and make an appointment at the Moscow Eye Clinic by phone in Moscow 8 (499) 322-36-36 (daily from 9:00 to 21:00) or using the ONLINE REGISTRATION FORM.

An effective and gentle method of phacoemulsification does not eliminate the risk of complications after replacing the eye lens for cataracts. The advanced age of patients, concomitant diseases, and violation of sterility requirements by medical staff provoke undesirable consequences operations.

Eye cataracts are incurable conservative methods: There are no means that can make a clouded lens transparent again. Phacoemulsification, an operation involving the replacement of a worn-out “biological lens” with an artificial one, can restore lost vision with a minimal percentage of complications. To crush the lens that has lost its quality, an ultra-thin needle is used - a phaco tip, which works under the influence of ultrasound. Microscopic punctures (1.8-2 mm) are made for the needle tip; they do not require subsequent sutures, because heal on their own. Through these holes, the crushed lens masses are removed, and an elastic lens is implanted in their place - an artificial lens substitute. The intraocular lens (IOL) expands inside the lens capsule and provides the patient with high-quality vision for the rest of his life. However, even during such a high-tech operation, there are complications:

1. Rupture of the capsule wall and loss of parts of the crushed lens into the vitreous area. This pathology provokes glaucoma, damage to the retina. After 2-3 weeks a secondary surgical intervention, the clogged vitreous is removed.
2. Displacement of the implanted lens towards the retina. Incorrect position The IOL causes swelling of the macula (the central part of the retina). In this case it is necessary new operation with artificial lens replacement.
3. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is the accumulation of blood in the space between the choroid and the sclera. This complication is possible due to the patient’s advanced age, glaucoma and hypertension. Hemorrhage can lead to loss of the eye and is considered a rare but dangerous aspect of lens replacement surgery.

Intraoperative problems during phacoemulsification are not excluded, but occur rarely - in 0.5% of cases. Postoperative complications occur 2-3 times more often (1-1.5% of cases).

Complications of the first postoperative weeks

For the first two weeks after surgery, it is necessary to protect the operated eye from bright light, infections and injuries, and use anti-inflammatory drops for tissue regeneration.

Despite preventive measures, in the first and second weeks complications are possible after cataract removal.

Pathologies amenable to conservative therapy

• Uveitis is an inflammatory reaction of the choroid of the eye, manifested painful sensations, light sensitivity, floaters or fog before the eyes.
• Iridocyclitis is an inflammation of the iris and ciliary zone, which is accompanied by severe pain syndrome, lacrimation.

Such complications require complex treatment antibiotics, anti-inflammatory hormonal and non-steroidal drugs.

1. Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber. Associated with minor damage to the iris during surgery. Minor bleeding inside the eye can be treated with additional irrigation and is not painful or interferes with vision.
2. Corneal edema. If a mature cataract (with a hard structure) is removed, complications from corneal cataract surgery are caused by enhanced action ultrasound during its crushing. Corneal swelling occurs, which goes away on its own. When air bubbles form inside the cornea, special ointments and solutions and therapeutic lenses are used. In severe cases, the cornea is replaced - keratoplasty.
3. Postoperative astigmatism. Surgery changes the shape of the cornea, causing refractive error and blurry vision. It is corrected with glasses and lenses.
4. Increased eye pressure. Postoperative (secondary) glaucoma can occur due to various circumstances:

• the remains of the gel-like suspension (viscoelastic) that were poorly washed off during surgery impede the circulation of fluid inside the eye;
• the implanted lens moves forward towards the iris and puts pressure on the pupil;
• inflammatory processes or hemorrhages inside the eye.

As a result, symptoms appear: redness, pain, pain in and around the eyes, tearing, retching and fog before the eyes. The pressure returns to normal after the use of special drops, sometimes a puncture is done with washing of the clogged ducts of the eyeball.

Pathologies requiring surgical intervention

• intraoperative complications;
• contusions of the operated eye;
• high degree of myopia;
• diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases.

If symptoms of retinal detachment appear: light spots, floaters, a dark veil before the eyes, you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist. Treatment is carried out laser coagulation, surgical filling, vitrectomy.

1. Endophthalmitis. Inflammation of the internal tissues of the eyeball (vitreous humor) is rare, but very dangerous complication eye microsurgery. It is connected:

• with infection entering the eye during surgery;
• with weakened immunity;
• with accompanying eye diseases(conjunctivitis, blephatitis, etc.)
• with infection of the tear ducts.

Symptoms: sharp pain, significant deterioration of vision (only light and shade is visible), redness of the eyeball, swelling of the eyelids. Required emergency therapy in the inpatient department of eye surgery, otherwise case will happen loss of the eye and development of meningitis.

Remote pathological changes

Undesirable consequences may appear 2-3 months after surgery. These include:

• blurred vision, especially in the morning;
• blurry wavy image of objects;
• pink tint of the image;
• light aversion.

An accurate diagnosis of macular edema is possible only with optical tomography and retinal angiography. The disease is treated with antibiotics in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs. With successful therapy, after 2-3 months the swelling resolves and vision is restored.

1. "Secondary cataract". Later postoperative complication, occurs after 6-12 months. The artificial lens, which replaces the removed “biological lens,” works properly, so the name “cataract” in this case is inaccurate. The opacification does not occur on the IOL, but on the capsule in which it is located. On the surface of the shell, the cells of the natural lens continue to regenerate. Shifting into the optical zone, they accumulate there and prevent the passage of light rays. The symptoms of cataracts return: fog, blurred outlines, decreased color vision, spots before the eyes, etc. Pathology is treated in two ways:

• surgical capsulotomy - an operation to remove the clogged film of the capsular bag, during which a hole is made to allow light rays to access the retina;
• cleaning the back wall of the capsule using a laser.

The correct choice of IOL reduces the likelihood of developing complications: the lowest percentage of post-cataract development is achieved by implantation of acrylic lenses with square edges.

If you are diagnosed with cataracts and surgery is recommended, you ask yourself questions: how is the lens replaced, what is the cost of the operation, what are the prognoses? What should you do if you cannot see in your eyes after cataract surgery? It is important for the patient to understand these points. “Popular about health” will try to give the most detailed answers to these questions.

Cataract of the eye - how is the operation performed??

Thanks to modern equipment Thanks to new technologies, cataract surgery is now carried out quickly. The patient does not need to stay in the hospital. The intervention lasts approximately 7-12 minutes. The very next morning you can return home. The patient is given local anesthesia, thanks to which no unpleasant sensations arise during surgery.

What is the essence of cataract surgery? The patient's clouded lens is removed and replaced with a new, flexible intraocular lens. How does this happen? A small hole (less than 2 mm) is made in the cornea, through which access to the lens is provided. Ultrasonic waves help bring it into a liquid state, then this mass is removed from the eyeball. In place of the cloudy lens, an elastic lens is carefully inserted, which subsequently takes the correct position in the eye and is fixed. The hole closes on its own; no stitches are required.

After the operation, the patient is bandaged and sent to the ward. In the morning, the doctor conducts the first examination and gives various recommendations regarding what cannot be done and what can be done. The patient also receives a schedule of mandatory visits for three months in advance. During this time, vision should be fully restored, although this usually occurs earlier. The very next day the patient can read. How much does such an operation cost?

Cost of eye cataract surgery

The cost of cataract surgery is a rather vague concept. Pricing policies are very different in public and private clinics. In general, in state hospital The operation and hospital stay are not paid for by the patient. The state provides the patient with budget options for artificial lenses (hard). No payment is made for them. But in case you want to purchase a more expensive one, modern version lens (IOL), then you pay for it yourself. Hospital stay and medical services are not paid. Thus, according to the compulsory medical insurance program, cataract removal in state clinic is completely free. Another thing is that in this case you will have to wait your turn, sometimes the wait drags on for up to six months. If a patient opts for paid models of artificial lenses that are not provided under the compulsory medical insurance program, then he will have to pay the cost of the lens itself plus the consumables necessary for implantation.

However, some people still choose for themselves paid clinics. What factors influence the price of cataract surgery? Let's see:

IOL lens cost.
Consumables.
Services of a surgeon, anesthesiologist, nurse.
Stay in the ward.

On average, cataract surgery followed by implantation of a soft intraocular lens will cost 25,000-150,000 rubles. The range is really large, but it all depends on which lens you choose, which clinic you go to (economy, VIP), the reputation and authority of the surgeon also determines the cost of eye surgery. What are the prognosis for vision recovery after surgery?

Prognosis for cataract surgery

In general, in 95 out of 100 cases the prognosis is favorable. Vision is restored within a few days, but full recovery occurs after 3 months. By this time, the doctor usually removes all restrictions given to the patient. The very next day after the intervention, a person can read, write, watch TV, although he still experiences discomfort in the eye. In the future discomfort pass. But there are other cases when complications arise. Let's talk about this further.

What to do if a cataract has been removed, but the eye cannot see after surgery?

If your eye cannot see after replacing the lens, you should visit your doctor. The reason for this can be various complications - infection, hemorrhage, lens displacement and other problems. I would like to note that for several days it is possible that the patient will see everything as if through a fog, but this does not happen for everyone.

If the eye does not see anything at all, urgently go for an examination. To avoid various complications, you need to follow all the doctor’s recommendations, including the following:

Do not rub, do not press, do not heat the eye.

Do not lift heavy objects, do not move suddenly, do not run, do not jump, do not drink alcohol.

You must not drive a car, go to the bathhouse, or allow water to get into your eyes, detergents and cosmetics.

If you follow the doctor’s instructions exactly, you will recover faster, your vision will be restored and the discomfort will go away. Now you know how cataract surgery is performed, what its cost is, and the prognosis. Your doctor will tell you more about all this during your consultation.