Injuries, often with severe damage to the skin and tissues, are fortunately not an everyday situation, but, alas, not excluded.

Inflammation of the wound, the causes of which can be very diverse, natural process with severe injuries.

If you do not respond in time to the inflammation of the wound, the symptoms can significantly increase and go into a critical phase, leading to serious complications. We offer you to get acquainted with the main signs that characterize the inflammation of the wound, the treatment of which, subject to simple rules, can be quick and effective.

Inflammation of the wound: the causes of the inflammatory process at various stages of healing

The healing of any wound surface proceeds in three physiological stages, each of which is characterized by certain visual and symptomatic manifestations. It should be noted that the healing of damaged tissues is always accompanied by an inflammatory process, the signs of which decrease as the wound heals. In order to timely identify and prevent atypical inflammation, you need to know well what characterizes each stage of healing.

Stages of healing and external manifestations of wound inflammation

Exudation- local reaction of vessels and tissues. It is characterized by a slight edema, as well as a slight reddening of the tissues surrounding the wound and the release of a specific exudate from it (the liquid part of the blood). Wound exudate at this stage is clear liquid. Often there are blood clots in it. The surface of the wound eventually becomes covered with a whitish film - fibrinous plaque. The duration of this period depends on the area and depth of the wound surface and can last up to seven days from the moment of injury. If at this stage the wound becomes infected, the amount of exudate discharge increases dramatically. It becomes cloudy and acquires a characteristic odor.

Regeneration (proliferation)- Restoration of damaged tissues. At this stage, tissue granulation occurs. Fibrinous plaque comes off, the tissues are covered with new cells, forming small bumps of bright red color (granulations) on the wound surface. Exudate from the wound is practically not released, it is still transparent and may contain only a small amount of blood. At the slightest injury, the exudate becomes bloody. A change in the color of granular areas, blanching, indicates re-infection.

epithelialization- complete healing and scar formation. Exudate is not released, the surface of the wound is dry. Inflammation at this stage can only occur due to damage or secondary infection.

With extensive wounds, healing can proceed unevenly. Often, the central part of the wound surface is cleaned faster and the edges of the wound do not have time to heal, which slows down its healing.

Sometimes the inflammation of the wound surface increases dramatically or its healing proceeds too slowly. There are a number of reasons that can affect the inflammatory process.

Inflammation of the wound: causes affecting the slowdown in healing and the newly emerged inflammatory process

1. Primary or secondary infection of the wound surface.

Primary - infection directly upon injury;

Secondary - may occur as a result of incorrectly performed, in violation of the rules of asepsis, primary treatment of the wound. As a result of infection with repeated mechanical trauma to the wound surface or improper local treatment.

2. Weakened immunity and general exhaustion of the body. Chronic infectious diseases (HIV, AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis). Availability chronic diseases that can impair blood circulation: varicose veins veins, diabetes, chronic pathologies kidneys, liver, as well as disorders and malfunctions of cardio-vascular system.

3. Deterioration or violation of diet and rest.

Often the exacerbation of inflammation in the wound is associated with improper treatment, or rather, with self-medication.

Inflammation of the wound: symptoms of inflammation of the wound and nearby tissues. Possible Complications

In case of primary or secondary infection, wounds can get into the cavity anaerobic bacteria, fungi and microorganisms of various origins, which are the root cause of the resulting inflammation.

The main symptoms of wound inflammation and their signs:

Temperature increase in the area of ​​the wound surface;

Sharp hyperemia (redness) of nearby tissues and their swelling;

The secreted exudate becomes cloudy and viscous - purulent;

Pulsating pains in the area of ​​the wound;

General malaise: fever, dizziness, weakness, and in some cases nausea.

wound healing – difficult process and not only the speed of healing, but also the absence of complications depends on the correctness of the appointment and the accuracy of the treatment. Wrong treatment can contribute to the occurrence of sepsis, tetanus, gas gangrene, rabies. The appearance of purulent and infectious inflammatory processes in the wound area: abscesses, infiltrates, phlegmon or erysipelas.

Wound inflammation: treatment and prevention of possible complications

Wound treatment is a rather lengthy process. The healing rate depends on the nature of the damage, the degree of infection, the depth and area of ​​the lesion, as well as the general condition of the body. Therefore, first of all, local treatment is carried out, aimed at reducing inflammation.

Perform daily sanitation of the wound using aseptic solutions, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications local application: solutions and ointments, drugs that clean the wound and protect it from secondary infection. On the early stages healing and further treatment of the wound using aseptic solutions: 3% hydrogen peroxide; ready-made solutions "Chlorhexidine", "Furacillin", "Fukartsin"; a weak solution of potassium permanganate, etc. They treat the edges and wash the wound cavity, cleaning its surface from contaminants, specific secretions and foreign bodies caught in the wound (splinter, splinters, debris, etc.). Also, bandages are applied with aseptic solutions in the first few days. The use of ointments at this stage is not recommended. Ointment dressings are applied later, depending on the condition of the wound.

In parallel with local treatment, a general drug therapy aimed at suppressing the infection - a course of antibiotics is prescribed, drugs that increase immunity and help reduce the inflammatory process. In more severe cases, infusion therapy (droppers) may be prescribed to reduce intoxication. Along with this, symptomatic therapy is carried out, aimed at suppressing side symptoms and treating chronic diseases.

At the granulation stage, inflammation is treated with ointments, gels or special powders that inhibit the growth of granulations and prevent the wound surface from drying out, and can protect the wound from re-infection. In no case at this stage should Vishnevsky ointment be applied to the wound. It enhances blood flow and circulation in the wound area, thereby stimulating the intensive growth of granulations. The contraction of the edges of the wound during healing may not keep pace with the growth of tissues in the center of the extensive wound surface. The epidermis will not have time to cover the new tissues, and they will remain open, rising significantly above the level of the skin. vernacular name of this unpleasant formation - "wild meat".

After complete healing and during the scarring period, the wound site should be properly treated for several days (3-4 days) with a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green) or dressings with an alcohol solution of calendula should be applied. This will help relieve the inflammation that accompanies the scarring process and speed it up.

The removal of inflammation of the wound and its treatment are directly related. If inflammation is not reduced, wound healing will be delayed, and if the wound is not treated correctly, inflammation will increase.

Cream "ARGOSULFAN®" helps to accelerate the healing of abrasions and small wounds. The combination of the antibacterial component of silver sulfathiazole and silver ions provides a wide range of antibacterial action of the cream. You can apply the drug not only on wounds located in open areas of the body, but also under bandages. The tool has not only a wound healing, but also an antimicrobial effect, and in addition, it promotes wound healing without a rough scar 1
It is necessary to read the instructions or consult with a specialist.

To relieve inflammation and treat a wound, in parallel with drug treatment, tools and techniques can be used. traditional medicine. Consultation is highly recommended prior to use. professional doctor, since many means involve tight closure of the wound surface medicinal herbs and the imposition of lotions on its surface with infusions and decoctions of herbs.

In order for the wound not to become inflamed and heal quickly, its surface must “breathe”. Tight covering of the wound surface contributes to the accumulation of exudate in it and, accordingly, additional inflammation. And this is fraught with serious complications.

1 - E.I. Tretyakova. Complex treatment for a long time non-healing wounds different etiology. Clinical dermatology and venereology. — 2013.- №3

With an open wound, treatment and the use of antibacterial drugs are required, because when an infection is introduced, it can begin to rot. First of all, you need to decontaminate the wound and seek help from medical institution.

Symptoms

An open wound is understood as the destruction of the entire skin and internal tissues. If you do not start treating an open wound in time, the following complications may occur:

1. severe blood loss and anemia;
2. Injured important muscles and organs can cause complications in further treatment;
3. Blood poisoning.

Symptoms of an open wound:

• pain,
• bleeding,
• soft tissue defects
• improper functioning of the legs, arms.

It may also occur state of shock patient and infection. When an open wound heals depends on the severity of the disease and timely treatment.

Kinds

With timely and proper treatment, wound healing occurs quickly and does not cause complications. With severe bleeding, the help of a doctor and timely treatment of the wound with medications is required.

Open wounds are divided into several types:

1. A cut wound is a cut with a sharp object.
2. A stab wound, there is little damage here, but very deep and can hurt the internal important organs. For example, improper use of the awl.
3. Rupture, this type of damage is formed as a result of ruptures of soft tissues. Characterized heavy bleeding and severe pain.
4. Surgical suture, occurs due to surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

In order to properly prescribe treatment, the doctor must initial examination examine the patient, medical history and cause of injury. After that, only begins to treat the patient.

The severity of the disease is assessed by the patient's well-being, pain, the presence of bleeding. It is also established by examining and questioning the victim, what types of wounds were inflicted on him.

Treatment

With a shallow incised wound, if the tendon or muscle is slightly damaged, it must be treated with antimicrobial agents and tied with sterile gauze. If the cut is small, you can cover it with a band-aid.

A stab wound needs to be examined and treated by a physician, due to the fact that in most cases surgery is required. The treatment required here is to stop the bleeding and treat with antiseptics. If the bleeding does not stop, then a sterile dressing is applied until the bleeding stops. The patient is given an injection of tetanus serum. In severe cases, give oxygen to breathe, and if you want to bring the patient to life - ammonia.

At laceration, you need to treat with hydrogen peroxide and apply a sterile bandage. To collect damaged skin, you can consult a doctor so that he does it right and provides timely treatment. Before starting the treatment of an open wound, it is necessary to find out the reasons for its occurrence, what is the severity of the damage and the presence of infection.

Only surgeons know how to properly treat an open leg wound. Before starting the treatment of an open wound on the leg, which originated from a sharp object, it is necessary to correctly establish why the damage and the severity of the cut appeared.

Treatment will be effective if a number of measures are taken:

1. Provide first aid
2. Handle damage properly
3. Take timely treatment and care.

Proper first aid

First you need to stop the bleeding, so a tourniquet is applied. The edges of the wound must be treated with antiseptics and a sterile bandage applied. Foreign bodies, you need to remove with tweezers, pre-treat the edges of it with alcohol. In case of a wound and the presence of deep damage, it is not worth taking out the object yourself, it is better if the doctor provides assistance and prescribes the correct treatment. In order to avoid infection of the damage, it is necessary to process antibacterial agents. After completing all the mandatory procedures, a sterile bandage is applied.

Which antiseptics are used to treat open wounds: a solution of furacilin or chlorhexidine. Streptocide powder also has a disinfecting property. Apply and 3 percentage solution potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and a 2% solution of chloramine. Iodine is not recommended, it can cause skin burns. Zelenka can be used as an antiseptic.

You can also use healing ointments to treat open wounds. Even a small wound, if there is an infection, can provoke the danger of the disease. After correct processing open wound, it is left alone for two days, then healing ointments can be used. Ointment quickly restores damaged tissue, has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Doctors advise treating wounds with ointment, after rendering primary care. With the timely application of the ointment, not only will the wound heal quickly, but scars and scars will disappear.

List of healing ointments:

1. Baneocin, recommended for burns and deep wounds.
2. Levomekol, very effective ointment, has an antibacterial effect.
3. Solcoseryl, has not only a healing effect, but also reduces the sensation of pain.
4. eplan, effective remedy and for all types of wounds.

To apply a healing ointment to an open wound correctly, it is best to smear thin layer This is done to allow oxygen to enter. Then the wound healing will be accelerated, otherwise, with a thick layer of ointment, rotting may begin.

Subsequently, the wound can be treated and folk remedies, but first you need to consult with your doctor so as not to cause reverse effect. The following herbs and components have a healing property:

• propolis,
• willow bark,
• St. John's wort and plantain leaves.

If the wound is festering, you can use the folk method: apply a freshly cut aloe leaf, it draws pus from the wound. As the pus disappears, the wound can be lubricated sea ​​buckthorn oil. Be sure to show festering wound doctor and consult your doctor about the use of these drugs. In some cases, only medical treatment is required. In case of complications, only a doctor can help.

Pledge fast healing open wound, this is the timely disinfection of the cut with antiseptics and recovery muscle tissue. It is better not to self-medicate, but to treat a small open wound and seek help from a doctor. In case of a severe wound, you must call an ambulance or go to a medical facility where they will provide effective treatment from the first days.

All of us experience injuries from time to time. How to speed up the healing process and, if possible, avoid scars, read our article.

By the 7-8th day, granulation tissue replaces a significant part of the blood clot, which is preserved only in the central part of the hole. The first signs of bone neoplasm appear in the form of small osteoid beams. Where the bone was damaged during the operation, it undergoes lacunar resorption. Resorption begins and the inner compact surface of the hole. Simultaneously with the formation of granulation tissue, the epithelium grows from the side of the gum edges. The first signs of wound epithelialization are detected already on the 3rd day after tooth extraction. Complete epithelialization of the wound surface (depending on its size) is completed by the 14-18th day.

A slight swelling of the gums and its redness after tooth extraction is considered a common occurrence. Should cause concern inflammation that does not go away within 5 days, incessant pain, the presence of pus, fever, increased bleeding, bad breath.

Inflammation after removal can also occur for the following reasons:

• Anesthesia, if it was chosen incorrectly.
• Damage to the gums during tooth extraction.
• The operation technique is broken.

First aid

The basic rule for any injury is immediate treatment. The sooner you take action, the lower the risk of infection in an open wound. The wound needs to be washed clean water to remove foreign bodies (if any), and then disinfect with any antiseptic. Please note that the edges of the wound also need to be disinfected.

Wound contraction

Wound contraction is one of the most powerful mechanical forces in the body. About the exact biological mechanism underlying this process, there are different, often opposite, points of view. In addition, surgeons consider the process of wound contraction both beneficial and unfavorable factor. Even ancient physicians knew that open skin wounds would heal if kept clean and protected with bandages. In the process of healing, the edges of the wound come close to full contact with each other, providing scarring of the wound.

In many cases contraction wound, which is a normal, active biological process, leads to the formation contracture - persistent deformities, accompanied by both a cosmetic defect and a dysfunction in the patient. The most dramatic are contractures of the skin and hollow organs. Loss of skin due to burn or mechanical injury may be accompanied by contracture, because in the process of wound healing, the edges of the skin come together to close it. If a skin flap is not transplanted here, a contracture will form. This is especially often observed in the area of ​​the flexor surface of the joints, for example, on the neck or on the palmar surface of the fingers. But the process is not limited to the skin. Any type of damage to hollow organs such as the esophagus or common bile duct, can start the process of their cicatricial contraction, leading to the development of strictures that mechanically disrupt the function of a hollow organ. Researchers note the presence of fibroblast-like cells in the contracting open skin wound, in the cytoplasm of which there are components characteristic of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. These cells are called myofibroblasts. When strips of granulation tissue from an open wound are placed in a bath of water, they contract in the presence of agonists of smooth muscle function and relax in the presence of their antagonists. Moreover, myofibroblasts have been found in significant numbers in human tissue in several conditions such as Dupuytren's contracture, post-burn contractures, and contractures around silicone breast prostheses capsules. The peak number of these cells is noted in the process of scar contraction and after its completion.

All attempts to use pharmacological preparations to correct wound convergence have failed. For example, some investigators have tried to slow the contraction of an open wound with inhibitors of smooth muscle function such as trocinate, which only worked as long as it remained on the wound surface. Splinting in the area of ​​emerging contracture does not prevent its formation. As soon as the tire is removed, powerful biological forces move the edges of the wound to the position in which they would be if the splint was not applied at all. At surgical treatment contractures, there are a number of proven principles. First, it is necessary to establish whether the scar is mature or immature. A mature scar is soft and pliable, while an immature scar can be fixed, indurated, hypertrophic, and even tense. Residual myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells trying to create a contracture under the skin graft, as well as other attempts to close an immature scar. In the fight against contractures, it is preferable to replace defects with flaps consisting of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and in some cases, muscle tissue. Since the flap consists of several components and replaces the defect of all soft tissues in the wound, contractures after such a transplant are rarely observed.

For some unknown reason, contractures are less common after closure of open wounds with a whole skin graft than with a split one. It's not about the measured thickness of the graft, but about whole or split. In any case, before transplantation, a splint should be applied to fully open the wound. This may take several months. Splinting is necessary until all myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells have disappeared from the wound. The length of time a splint should remain in place is determined by "clinical judgement" and there is no scientific recommendation for this.

epithelialization

Everything surfaces in contact with the external environment are covered with epithelium. The skin is an example, although the mechanisms of epithelialization are the same throughout the body. The skin is covered with epidermis, which is a stratified squamous stratified epithelium that protects the body from moisture loss, invasion of microorganisms and injury. Wounds with partial skin damage in depth heal by [i]epithelization. In this case, two main phenomena are observed: migration and proliferation of epithelial cells. After the destruction of the epithelium, a blood clot is formed. When it dries, a scab forms, which protects the deeper layers of the wound. The healing process begins with migration epithelial cells, which is independent of their proliferation. Migration is the dominant process. The migratory cells grow from the epithelium of the wound margin and the epithelium of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands remaining in the bottom of the wound. Superficial wounds without damage to the basement membrane regenerate very quickly. Deeper dermal wounds, such as burns in which the basement membrane is destroyed, can also heal by epithelialization and, although this takes longer, the result is often satisfactory. One of the best means of not only epithelialization, but also healing is the drug iruksol instruction.

Regardless of the type of damage, migration begins precisely in the basal layer of the epidermis and in deeply located hair follicles and sweat glands. The cells flatten and send out their cytoplasmic processes, which penetrate into the surrounding tissues. These cells also lose contact with neighboring basal cells and begin to migrate. A few days after migration, the migrated cells begin to divide.

On the outer surface of the granulation tissue, fluid is exuded, cells are released, new vascular offspring appear and, thus, the tissue layer grows and enlarges and fills the wound cavity with it.

Simultaneously with the filling of the wound cavity, its surface is covered with epithelium (epithelization). From the edges, from neighboring areas, from the remains excretory ducts glands, from randomly preserved groups of epithelial cells, they multiply, not only by growing from the edges of continuous layers of the epithelium, but also by the formation of separate islands on the granulation tissue, which then merge with the epithelium coming from the edges of the wound. The healing process generally ends when the epithelium covers the surface of the wound. Only with very large surfaces of the wounds, their epithelium may not be closed, and it becomes necessary to transplant the skin from another part of the body.

If you immediately lubricate a fresh abrasion with clean resin-resin of pine, spruce, fir, it will heal very quickly.

For the treatment of abscesses, ulcers, cuts, abrasions, boils, an ointment is prepared from spruce resin, sunflower oil, honey and wax. The ingredients are taken equally, melted in a water bath, mixed and used to lubricate sore spots.

For long non-healing wounds, there is another effective remedy - burdock and celandine ointment. The crushed roots of celandine and burdock (20 and 30 g each) are poured into 100 ml of sunflower oil and boiled over low heat for 15 minutes, removed, filtered, cooled and lubricated with sore spots several times a day - after a week, the wounds usually heal.

Second-degree sunburn also takes about two weeks. It is important not to infect with a cream, which cannot be used with a second-degree burn. The wound healing process can be accelerated by applying disinfectant and eating healthy food which will help tissues recover faster.

(b) In heavily contaminated wounds, the use of antibiotics is curative rather than preventive. However, in the treatment of wounds of this type, surgical debridement, drainage and washing are of paramount importance.

(2) The use of antibiotics is most justified for conditionally contaminated wounds. Antibiotics must be administered before or during surgical debridement. Antibiotics have practically no effect when administered later than 3 hours after infection of the wound with bacteria.

(3) The type of antibiotic used depends on the nature of the potential infectious agent. After surgery on the intestines, patients should be given antibiotics that are effective against anaerobic and gram-negative microorganisms. After surgery on the upper half of the body, patients should be given antibiotics against gram-positive cocci.

E. Wound dehiscence (wound failure) is considered a serious complication.

1. Wound dehiscence usually occurs in the early postoperative period (usually 7-10 days after surgery), when the strength of the emerging scar is low and tissue tension is observed (for example, with flatulence, intestinal obstruction, pulmonary pathology).

2. The discrepancy can be the result of any of the factors discussed in section I D. In addition, when the wound heals, its edges release collagen-splitting enzymes. In the presence of complications, the risk of destruction of the tissue on which the sutures were applied increases. Renal or liver failure also increases the frequency of wound dehiscence.

3. Divergence of all layers postoperative wound usually requires urgent reoperation (eg, dehiscence of a laparotomic wound may lead to eventration).

E. Scars resulting from wound healing may have a different character. Over time, they are often rebuilt (thus, often initially rough and even disfiguring scars after a few months, and sometimes years, become cosmetically quite acceptable).

According to the degree of contamination and the presence of signs of infection, all wounds are divided into:

• - Aseptic - surgical wounds with "clean" surgical interventions
• - Contaminated - wounds contaminated with microflora, but without signs of suppuration. These include all accidental wounds after their application and part of surgical wounds.
• - Infected - purulent wounds.

The farther from the head, the longer. Without primary surgical treatment, the wound heals by secondary intention, through the process of suppuration. Terms can vary from 2 to 3 weeks. Depending on the size of the wound surface.

The wound owes nothing to anyone, and therefore, for each person, it heals exactly as long as it is allowed to. local conditions- individual qualities of a person. Yes, I forgot, natural conditions still play a role. For example, everyone knows that in Primorye, wounds heal longer and more painfully due to the high humidity of the climate. And the energy of the person himself can also influence the healing of a wound. Once, in the Soviet magazine Vokrug Sveta, I read about one either African or Australian aboriginal tribe, whose representative demonstrated his abilities of this kind to Soviet scientists: he took a knife and slashed his arm, making a rather deep wound, which is usually addressed to doctor. But his blood very quickly clotted and coagulated, and in just a few minutes the bleeding stopped. And by evening, only a scar remained in place of this wound, as if the wound had been inflicted a very long time ago.

All about cuts

General information

• blunt objects that leave wounds with torn edges. Such wounds usually appear in the area of ​​​​the bones ( on knees, fingers). The tissues around such wounds are very swollen and severely injured, they are harder to scar, since their edges are uneven,
• sharp objects that leave cut wounds. Such wounds can be quite deep and affect not only the upper layers of tissues, but also deeper ones,
• thin and sharp objects that leave puncture wounds,
• combined injuries that remain after exposure to sharp and blunt objects.

What symptoms to look out for?

If the cut is on the face, the wound is long or deep enough, if its edges do not close with the help of an adhesive plaster, the help of a doctor is needed. Dangerous are deep wounds in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe joints, on the chest, neck, face, palms. Also, you should definitely show the wounds to the doctor if the victim is a baby, if the tissue around the wound turns red, swells and hurts. These are signs of infection. Attention should be paid if tissue around the wound has lost sensitivity. If the blood does not stop, the victim has impaired motor skills of the limbs or fingers, or if he is in shock, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

Complications

• injury to large veins and arteries,
• cut infection ( the wound hurts, becomes covered with pus, turns red),
• tetanus. This serious disease striking nervous system. It is incurable. The pathogen develops in deep wounds without access to oxygen. In order to prevent the development of the disease, tetanus toxoid operating for ten years.

Incised extensor tendon injury

Treatment and stop bleeding

• wound cleansing,
• blood stop,
• sterile wound closure
• antiseptic treatment.

Cleansing the wound done with soapy water. Washing should be done with a piece of cotton wool or a bandage. Fast rinse wounds allows you to remove sources of infection and prevent wound suppuration. After lathering the wound, rinse thoroughly with clean water. This procedure should be done daily until the wound is completely scarred.

If the wound is very dirty, 3% hydrogen peroxide or an antiseptic solution can also be used.

If a small child has a cut on the lips or chin, do not apply a bandage, as it will collect food and saliva.

The sterile dressing should not be changed frequently, only if the dressing is loose or dirty. But even in this case, you can not change the bandage, but only bandage it on top again with a clean bandage.

Most fast way is to press the cut on top with a clean bandage or cloth. The bandage must be pressed tightly enough and held until the bleeding stops ( sometimes up to a quarter of an hour). This procedure is ineffective only if the arteries are affected. To make the blood flow less intensively, you need to raise the wounded limb up.

Aqueous solutions are used to treat wounds, as well as wetting swabs and wipes for sterile dressings. This treatment is completely painless and is often used to treat wounds in babies.

What to do with a finger injury?

Here is a little secret: how to put it on your finger so that it is convenient for them to act, and so that the bandage does not move out. The usual bandaging of the finger most often only leads to the fact that the bandages slip off after a while. And sometimes they dry up to the wound, and then changing the dressing is painful and unpleasant. To prevent all these troubles, you should wrap your finger at the cut site with a ribbon of paper covering the entire phalanx. After that, you can wrap a bandage or stick a patch. Such a paper wrapper will protect the wound, move its edges and help heal faster.

This bandage is easier to remove because the paper will not stick to the wound. According to experienced people, it is best to use white stationery. Before applying it should be treated with hydrogen peroxide.

Ointment treatment

It is produced in the form of ointment, spray, cream and lotion. Contains vitamin B5, quickly heals wounds, restores tissues, can be used to treat mucous membranes. Treat the affected area once a day.

Relieves inflammation, antiseptic, accelerates tissue repair. Wounds are treated once a day.

Relieves inflammation, stops bleeding, accelerates tissue repair. It is prescribed if the cut does not heal for a long time. The affected surface is treated two or three times a day before going to bed, a bandage is made.

Relieves inflammation, destroys microbes, accelerates tissue repair. It is very indicated for long-term non-scarring cuts. Processing is carried out several times a day.

Produced in the form of an iodine solution and ointment. Strong antiseptic. May cause local skin irritation.

It inhibits the development of pathogenic microbes, anesthetizes, accelerates scarring. Processing is carried out once or twice a day. Effective for purulent wounds.

Antiseptic, inhibits the development of microbes. It is prescribed for the treatment of wounds, including very contaminated ( first washed with an aqueous solution, then an ointment is applied).

Special instructions for the use of certain drugs

• If the cut does not scar for a long time, you should drink a course of vitamins of groups B, C, E and A,
• Treatment of wounds with iodine can provoke individual intolerance,
• People with impaired function thyroid gland, you should use iodine preparations only under the direction of a doctor,
• Solutions of boric acid cannot be used to treat large surfaces of the body, as the drug is absorbed into the blood and poisoning may develop. It is very dangerous for kids. Signs of boric acid poisoning: nausea, rash, kidney failure, diarrhea,
• Alcohol preparations should not be applied to the wound surface, using them only to lubricate the skin around the wound,
• Since any alcohol preparations cause a burning sensation, it is undesirable to use them in the treatment of wounds in children,
• Deep cuts should not be treated with hydrogen peroxide, as air bubbles are likely to clog vessels,
• Lifusol ointment creates a thin protective film on the surface of the wound, which protects the wound from microbes. You can remove it by wiping the body with alcohol,
• Lifusol is a combustible agent. In addition, you should not give a tube of ointment to babies.

Antibiotics

What influences the rate of healing?

How to get rid of scars?

For right choice method of removing the scar, you must first keep in mind the nature of the injury and its depth.

When should you definitely see a doctor?

• blood is ejected from the wound in jerks, if the blood is scarlet, it is likely that a blood vessel has been cut,
• blood flows profusely and does not stop,
• the cut is in a prominent place and the scar on it is undesirable,
• the hands are affected - there are important tendons and nerves,
• in the presence of symptoms of inflammation - redness, covering the tissues more than 2 cm around the cut, swelling of the tissues,
• increase in body temperature,
• the wound is deep enough - in such cases it is necessary to suture,
• the wound is dirty last vaccination from tetanus was made more than five years ago,
• earth and animal feces got into the wound ( e.g. manure) - in such environments there is a lot of the causative agent of tetanus,
• the wound does not heal long enough, exudate flows from it,
• after injury, the victim vomits and vomits - this is more true for head injuries in babies.

Help doctor

• clean the wound from dirt and splinters,
• stitch up,
• if nerves, tendons or blood vessels are damaged - send to the hospital,
• prescribe antibiotics if the wound is infected,
• give an injection against tetanus.

First aid and treatment for deep cuts on the fingers

Fingers are the most susceptible to a variety of injuries. Cooking, gardening, car repairs, home repairs, and many other everyday activities involve manual work and, therefore, can cause injury to the fingers, the most common of which are cuts to the thumb and index finger. Every person should know how to act if he cut his finger.

Types of cuts

There are several types of cuts:

• Cuts caused by blunt objects are characterized by ragged edges of the wound, can be combined with bruises and flattening of soft tissues, which complicates the treatment.
• Wounds from sharp objects have smooth edges, which facilitates healing. However, sharp objects often cause deep cuts that can affect, in addition to the skin with small capillaries, large vessels, ligaments and even bones.
• Another type of injury is more of a puncture than a cut. They are also applied with sharp thin objects. The treatment of such puncture cuts is complicated by the fact that the wound channel is usually narrow and deep. The finger quickly swells, but the blood does not stop, it impregnates the tissues around, because of this, the wound quickly rots, the finger begins to abscess. Such cuts are characterized by blue finger.
• Often, the finger is not just cut, but a piece of flesh is cut off. In this case, it is extremely important to protect the wound from getting pathogenic microorganisms, since the open area is much larger than with a conventional cut.

First aid for a deep cut

Deep cuts can be complicated by tendon incisions. It is easy to get such an injury if you cut your finger with a blender or other electrical device of sufficient power to deeply cut the flesh. With such injuries, the sensitivity of the finger is lost. The patient cannot move, bend and unbend them.

These symptoms are a direct indication for going to the doctor.

In most cases it is necessary surgical intervention- stitching tendons, stitching the cut. Self-treatment can lead to serious complications. But first you need to provide emergency assistance.

Initially, you need to determine the intensity of bleeding. If the blood pulsates or whips in a constant stream, it means that a vessel much larger than a capillary is affected. It is necessary to stop the bleeding as soon as possible. To do this, a tourniquet or elastic band is applied to the finger above the cut. It drags on exactly until the moment the blood stops, no more. It is better to fix the time when the tourniquet was applied. Every minute it is necessary to loosen the tourniquet, in order to avoid the death of tissues to which blood access has been limited.

The second step is to wash the wound. As a rule, a 3 or 6 percent hydrogen peroxide solution is used for this, which also has hemostatic properties. If there is no peroxide at hand, then it is permissible to wash the wound under running water. cold water. However, many doctors do not recommend doing this with tap water, because the quality of the pipes often leaves much to be desired, there is a high risk of infection.

After the wound is washed, a moderately tight dressing of gauze or bandage is applied. You can also use any piece of clean cotton or linen fabric.

After this, the victim must be immediately taken to the hospital or an ambulance called. All this time, it is better to keep the wounded hand raised, at face level, this will help slow down or even stop the bleeding.

How to treat a cut on your finger

The treatment of cuts consists of 4 main stages: washing, stopping bleeding, treating the wound, dressing.

Washing

So, first of all, you need to examine the wound. If there are foreign objects inside, they must be removed. It is convenient to use tweezers for this. To remove the remaining dust, dirt, and possibly particles of the injured object from the wound, for example, pieces of glass, it must be washed and disinfected. Hydrogen peroxide solution does an excellent job of this. It must be poured directly into the wound. There, the peroxide begins to foam, thereby pushing out everything superfluous. It also exhibits antiseptic properties. In addition to peroxide for washing the wound, you can use water solution furatsilina or soap solution. It is important to thoroughly rinse the soapy solution with cold running water after the procedure. Properly performed procedure will allow you to keep the walls of the wound in its original position, which will contribute to the speedy healing.

Stopping the blood

After the wound is washed, it is necessary to stop the bleeding.

Usually, with a shallow cut, the blood stops on its own within minutes.

Provided that the victim, for some reason, does not have impaired blood clotting. It is enough to keep your hand elevated after washing. If the bleeding does not stop within the specified time, you need to press the cut with a bandage or cloth. When blood continues to show through the bandage, another tighter bandage should be applied over the old one. You can not remove the old bandage until the bleeding stops. Because there is a risk of removing already caked blood and provoking bleeding with renewed vigor.

Bleeding that cannot be stopped in this way for minutes can be dangerous and should be treated by a doctor.

The tourniquet is used exclusively for wounds. large vessels because it severely restricts circulation. Incorrect use of it can lead to irreversible consequences.

Wound treatment

After stopping the blood, it is necessary to remove the hemostatic bandage, if it has been applied. It is better to moisten a dried bandage with a solution of furacilin, for its painless removal. If necessary, wipe the wound with a swab moistened with the same solution to remove the remnants of the dressing. Then dry the cut with a piece of dry, clean cloth. Next, the wound is treated with an antiseptic to prevent infection and subsequent suppuration. Around the wound, the skin is treated with an alcohol solution of iodine or brilliant green.

It is extremely important to ensure that these drugs do not get on the edges, and even more so directly into the wound, because there they can kill living tissues.

This will slow down tissue regeneration and make treatment more difficult. Besides alcohol solution will cause additional pain, which is especially undesirable if the finger is injured by a child. The wound itself is treated with antibiotic ointments, such as levomekol, methyluracil, gentamicin ointment, levosin, tetracycline ointment. It is important to apply the ointment in moderate doses. Too much ointment causes softening of the edges of the cut, which complicates the treatment. After treating the wound, it must be properly bandaged.

dressing

To begin with, it is recommended to wrap your finger with a paper strip moistened with hydrogen peroxide, this will help to avoid pain when changing the bandage. Paper must be clean, without text. Printer inks and inks contain harmful substances. In this case, the edges of the wound should be moved together as much as possible, especially if the wound is deep, to the meat. A bandage is applied over the paper to the finger. It should be tight enough to hold the edges of the wound together. At the same time, the bandage should not strongly squeeze the finger, block the blood flow. Blood supplies oxygen to damaged tissues. This promotes faster healing.

With a small cut, you can get by with a bactericidal patch.

The bandage is changed once a day.

With proper treatment, small cuts heal completely in 4-5 days. Deeper cuts complicated by suppuration or damage to the ligaments heal much longer.

If the wound festered, then the treatment process may be delayed for days.

Damaged ligaments recover from 3-4 weeks to 3 months.

Factors affecting the rate of wound healing

Healing depends on many factors. The main ones are:

• Blood supply. The tissues must be adequately supplied with oxygen, which is delivered by the blood. The higher the oxygen concentration in the tissues, the more active the immune system works, the faster the vessels recover and skin, accelerates the production of collagen - one of the most important proteins that plays a key role in the process of tissue regeneration of the human body.
• Patient's diet. For the production of collagen fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates are needed. A large number of these components contain meat, dairy products, nuts.
• High-quality isolation of the wound from the external environment. Microorganisms that enter the wound not only cause purulent inflammation. They also absorb oxygen, which is so necessary for immune processes.

Possible Complications

Even the smallest, at first glance, insignificant cut can result in a number of complications.

The most common of these is inflammation with suppuration. The edges of the wound become red, swelling is noticeable. The patient is worried about throbbing pain in the finger. Especially often this complication manifests itself in cuts with a deep narrow channel. From suppuration, dressings with Levomekol ointment, as well as its analogues, such as Ichthyol ointment and balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky, help well. They effectively cope with inflammation, draw pus well from the wound.

Extremely dangerous complication is infection of a wound with a bacterium that causes tetanus. This disease affects the nervous system. It is incurable! If the cut was caused by a dirty object such as glass or rusty nail. Be sure to rinse the cut thoroughly and see a doctor for tetanus toxoid injections.

Finger cuts are very common household injuries. You can cut yourself with a knife in the kitchen, with a razor at the mirror, even with a sheet of office paper. The vast majority of finger cuts are not terrible. They are easily treated at home. However, even the smallest cuts should not be neglected.

It is important to take time necessary measures for treatment.

Ignoring them threatens with the most unpleasant consequences.

Every home and every workplace should have a first aid kit with the essentials for first aid: cotton wool; bandage; bactericidal plaster; tourniquet; hydrogen peroxide; furacilin tablets; iodine or green; antibiotic ointment.

First aid for cuts. How to act to help yourself or anyone affected

How long does it take for a deep knife cut to heal?

How long does a deep cut take to heal?

It happens that at the most inopportune moment, we hurt ourselves. Sometimes these wounds are very deep. How to be in such a case? How to make deep cut heal faster?

How to help a wound heal faster?

There are a few simple rules, following which the wound will heal much faster, and the trace of it will be almost invisible.

The area of ​​skin around the wound must be kept moist at all times. That is, it is imperative to use an antibiotic ointment, which helps not only to ensure safety from infection, but also provides the skin with sufficient moisture. This is done because dry wounds heal more slowly. It is necessary to apply such an ointment with each dressing of the wound.

Step 2. You can not pick and tear off the resulting crust on the wound. It serves as a kind of protection of the wound from the ingress of various foreign bodies and bacteria into it. Therefore, when a person removes it, the healing process slows down, and there is also a possibility of an inflammatory process.

The plaster from the wound must be removed slowly carefully so as not to further injure the cut and tear off the protective crust. If the patch is difficult to remove, you can wet it, then it will come off easier.

You need to sleep well. Because it has long been proven that all healing processes proceed best when a person is in a state of sleep.

How do wounds and abrasions heal?

All of us experience injuries from time to time. How to speed up the healing process and, if possible, avoid scars, read our article.

Trauma is always a problem. Even the slightest scratch can bring a lot to a person. discomfort: inflammation, pain, swelling. And if the indicated consequences of injuries pass after a while, then the scars, alas, remain on long years. It is especially unpleasant if scars form on visible parts of the body, such as the face, neck, hands. Appearance spoiled by scars often brings mass psychological problems, especially for women who care so much about their beauty.

Fortunately, everything is not as tragic as it seems at first glance. With a competent approach to the treatment of wounds and abrasions, you can significantly speed up the healing process, as well as avoid scarring.

How do wounds heal?

To begin with, let's figure out how wound healing occurs? Believe me, a deeper understanding of the processes only contribute to the correct treatment tactics. The wound healing process takes place in several stages:

• phase of inflammation. Immediately after the injury, the body begins to deal with the problem. Initially, a blood clot forms in the tissues in order to stop the bleeding. On the other hand, the body needs to constantly fight off microorganisms that can get into an open wound. This whole process is accompanied by inflammation - a process in which immune cells, and also puffiness is formed, which puts pressure on the nerve endings, thereby causing pain. The inflammation phase can last up to 7 days. Already on the 7th day, the wound begins to fill granulation tissue – connective tissue, which is formed during wound healing;
• proliferation phase. Approximately starts on the 7th day and can last up to 4 weeks. In the proliferation phase, the wound is actively filled with connective granulation tissue, which is based on collagen. Also, the wound is filled with capillaries and inflammatory cells. This is how a young scar is formed. At this stage, the scar is easily stretched. Due to the high content of vessels in it, the scar has a bright red color, which makes it easily visible;
• scar formation phase. The scar begins to form from about the 4th week, and this process can last up to 1 year. The bright red scar formed during the proliferation phase begins to fade and the scar becomes less visible. As a result, the site of the lesion is finally filled with connective and epithelial tissue. Primary collagen is replaced by coarser collagen. Thus, a scar is formed, which takes the final (completed) form.

Fast healing

In parallel, wound healing takes place in 2 stages: hydration and dehydration. The stage of wound hydration is the period when the wound is still moist. Accordingly, the dehydration stage is the time when the wound remains dry. In this regard, in order to achieve speedy healing, it is important to apply on time wound healing drugs(D-panthenol, etc.). It should be borne in mind that during the hydration stage, the wound needs moisturizing and regular cleansing. And at the stage of dehydration, the wound needs protection and nutrition of the formed tissues. Therefore, it is very important to use wound-healing drugs already at the “weeping” stage. So the wound will close faster, in addition, the risk of infection of the wound will be significantly reduced.

Sweat glands help heal wounds, burns, and ulcers. This conclusion was made by scientists from the University of Michigan.

In addition, accelerated wound healing usually does not result in scarring, or minor scarring may occur. Well, if scars nevertheless formed, for example, with deep cuts or burns, then there are remedies for this case. Available in pharmacies special means(ointments, gels) that prevent the appearance of scars. However, it is important to apply them as soon as the wound has healed. Thus, in the treatment of scars, you will achieve the maximum effect.

how long does a cut on the finger heal

In the section Diseases, Medications, to the question How long does a deep cut of the finger with a knife heal? given by the author Nadegda the best answer is The plaster will have to be removed. Otherwise, the blood and lymph under the patch form a breeding ground for microorganisms. treat with peroxide and brilliant green. Pull the edges and apply a bandage. Dressing should be done 1 time per day. If the bandage sticks to the wound, soak with peroxide or furatsilin. It will heal in about 4-5 days.

Sorry it's late, been busy away from the computer. Technically, it looks like this: bend the finger a little so that the skin is not stretched, then the edges of the wound will converge and apply a tight bandage. It is necessary to bandage the finger entirely, capturing two joints. (So that the finger does not bend) Something like this. Get well.

Everyone is not the same. It depends on the organism.

streptocid (powder or crushed tablet) into the wound, fill it up and everything will heal quickly (3 days), a small invisible scar will remain as a memory.

1) REMOVE the adhesive plaster, otherwise the wound will fester!

2) Treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, grease the edges of the wound (healthy skin) with brilliant green.

3) Sprinkle the wound with streptocide powder. Streptocide powder in sachets of 2 g can be bought at a pharmacy.

4) Put a bandage on your finger.

If the wound begins to bleed profusely, sprinkle coarse salt on the wound and press the wound. Salt can be changed several times. (Salt won't hurt or irritate.)

hello, I opened a jar of pickles and the neck of the jar cracked, the hand moved out and cut through the first and second fingers, touched the passing artery, lost a lot of blood, 12 stitches were applied, but they could not sew the tendon, now 2 fingers do not work, the stitches were removed, but the cut began diverges, we covered it with streptocide, after drying it with green paint, the wound remains with blood secretions and so on, there is no pus. what can be done in this situation.

I have never hurt the skin so deeply, to the tendon, but it was still unpleasant of course. Argosulfan cream is always, in principle, in the medicine cabinet for such cases. This antibacterial drug providing protection against infection. Thanks to the silver ions in the composition, it has double action– antimicrobial and healing without the formation of a rough scar. Always helps, by the way!

I also have the outer part of the index finger of my left hand. I cut it about half a year ago, but the scar is still there, as if I cut my finger 3 days ago

Material from the Forensic Medical Encyclopedia

Abrasion- this is a superficial mechanical damage to the skin, not deeper than the papillary layer. Occurs as a result of the tangential impact of blunt or sharp (scratches) objects.

abrasions- these are damages to certain layers of the epidermis or epithelium of the mucous membranes, in some cases the papillary layer of the dermis is also damaged. (a source?)

Depending on the depth of the abrasions are divided into:

• superficial - damage only to the epidermis;
• deep - damage to all layers of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis.

Age of abrasions

The average healing time is 10 to 14 days. However, the healing time of abrasions can vary greatly depending on the depth of the damage and its size, on the localization (intensity of blood supply to the areas of the body), age, the state of the immune system, concomitant injuries.

Kryukov V.N. and others (2001)

"...At external examination in the first hours after the formation of an abrasion, its bottom is sunken, the surface is pink-red, moist due to the constant release of lymph. In cases where the papillary layer is damaged, droplets of blood are mixed with the lymph.

After 6 hours, the bottom of the abrasion, as a rule, dries up, and a zone of hyperemia up to 1.0 cm wide forms around it. At the same time, swelling (edema) increases and soreness is noted. This process continues until the end of the first day. At the bottom, a crust is formed that has a yellowish-brown color. With deep abrasions with damage to the papillae, the crust is reddish-brown. The forming crust performs a protective biological role protecting the damaged surface from contamination and infection.

Developing edema and cellular infiltration lift the crust, which by the end of the day is located at the level of the surrounding skin. At the end of the first day and at the beginning of the second, the crust becomes higher than the level of intact skin due to the development of a proliferative process - the restoration of the damaged epidermis.

By this time, the crust itself acquires a permanent dark brown color.

Since the processes of regeneration of the epidermis are more pronounced in the peripheral areas, where it is damaged, as a rule, less deeply, on the 3-5th day there is a peripheral exfoliation of the crust ..., which ends by the 7-10th day.

In place of the fallen crust, a pink surface remains, disappearing by the end of the second week ... "

Belikov V.K., Mazurenko M.D. (1990)

Akopov V.I. (1978)

"... the formation of a crust on average occurs 4-6 hours after the onset of an abrasion. The newly formed crust is tender, pale pink in color, located below the level of the surrounding skin. By the end of the 1st day, a clearly formed dense red crust is formed, falling off after 7-12 days.However, we found the trace remaining after it fell off a month or more after receiving an abrasion ... "

Kulik A.F. (1975)

"... on the neck, the crust disappears after 5-6 days, on upper limbs- after 8-9, on the lower ones - after 9-11, on the stomach - after 10-13 days.

Kulik A.F. (1985)

Stages of healing of abrasions of various prescription and localization

Mukhanov A.I. (1974)

The surface of a fresh abrasion is pink-red, moist, soft, painful ...

After 6-12 hours, the bottom of the abrasion dries up; reddening and swelling appear around the sedimentation in the form of a ring up to 0.5 cm wide. By 24-36 hours, the surface of the abrasion thickens, swelling and soreness disappear.

As M. I. Raysky notes, in most abrasions (up to 70%), by 24 hours the bottom is covered with a brownish dense crust located above the level of the skin. The surface of the remaining abrasions is sometimes moist and soft, more often dried up, dense, brownish, located at the level of the skin (up to 8%) or below it (up to 21%). According to the observations of V.I. Akopova (1967), by the end of the first day, all abrasions have a crust. On the second day, the surface of the abrasions rises above intact skin due to thickening of the crust ...

On the 3rd-4th day (according to V.I. Kononenko, more often on the 5th day), the crust along the edge begins to peel off and the abrasion is halved. Then there is peeling of the skin around the abrasion, its crust exfoliates over a large area and disappears after 1-2 weeks.

The surface at the site of the fallen off crust is pink at first, but within a week this color disappears, and the abrasion site ceases to differ from the surrounding skin. Healing of abrasions ends by 2-3 weeks ...

Bruises heal faster healthy people, slower - in patients, in victims with severe injuries.

Kononenko V.I. (1959)

"... 24 abrasions were observed in people aged 11 to 56 years (mainly 11, 25, 30 and 56 years old). On the first day, the observation was carried out 4 times, on the second and third - 2 times each, on the rest - 1 time every day. Localization of abrasions was different: lower leg, thigh, forearms, hands, neck and chest ... "

Taikov A.F. (1952)

(quoted by Mukhanov A.I.)

Healing times for abrasions in days (source unknown)

Employees of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Kiev Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education summarized the data of different authors on the healing time of abrasions depending on their location and proposed the following table:

Source unknown. If you know - write on the forum

Sources not specified

A.P. Gromov distinguishes between superficial and deep abrasions. In a superficial abrasion, the upper and partially middle layers of the epidermis or the completely upper, middle and partially growth (basal) layers are absent; the latter is usually stored in the depression between the papillae of the skin itself. On the surface of the superficial abrasion, there is an accumulation of lymph. The latter mixes with particles of the destroyed epidermis and foreign inclusions and dries quickly, forming a thin pink crust.

In a deep abrasion, either the entire epidermis with the tops of the papillae or the upper layers of the dermis are missing. In such cases, there is a massive accumulation of blood and lymph on the surface of the abrasion. Mixing with the remnants of the destroyed epidermis and foreign particles, the blood coagulates, forming at first a wet, and then a drying crust of red color.

According to Akopov V.I. all abrasions by the end of the first day after their occurrence are covered with crusts, on the second day - the surface of abrasions rises above intact skin.

A.F. Taikov distinguishes four stages in the healing of an abrasion:

• 1st - minus fabric; lasts for several hours;
• 2nd - crust formation; starts in a few minutes and lasts up to 4 hours (sometimes 2-4 days);
• 3rd - epithelialization and falling off of the crust; lasts from 5 to 7-9 days;
• 4th - traces remaining after the crust has fallen off; are found within 9-12 days, sometimes persist up to 25 days.

According to Naumenko V.G. and Grekhov V.V. the crust disappears on days 7-12, traces of abrasions disappear on days 10-12. Rubin V.M. and Krat A.I. observed the falling off of the crust from superficial abrasions on days 7-12, deep abrasions - on 12-21 days, traces of abrasions can be distinguished even after 1.2-1.5 months.