How to get rid of thrush in the mouth. Treatment with special antifungal agents. Symptoms of candidiasis in the mouth

Thrush in the mouth got its name because of the symptom expressed by the appearance of specific spots and curdled plaque in the oral cavity of a characteristic milky hue.

In medical terminology, the disease is called monolysis, oral candidiasis or candidal stomatitis. In most cases, thrush is observed in infants up to a month or children of an early period of life.

Among the adult contingent, the disease affects about 10-15% of men and women. At risk are pregnant women, nursing mothers, people over 55-60 years old. The likelihood of developing pathology increases significantly when using removable dentures.

This disease is caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It is characterized by damage to the tongue, gums, pharynx, mucous membrane.

Thrush refers to conditionally contagious diseases, as it is transmitted by airborne droplets or household contact.

That is, you can get infected through the air in the immediate vicinity of the patient (communication, sneeze, kiss, oral sex, household items). Manifestations are acute infectious and inflammatory in nature.

Reasons for the appearance

Yeast fungus lives in the natural microflora of each person. By itself, it is not a direct causative agent of the disease.

Active reproduction of the Candida colony usually occurs against the background of a bacterial imbalance provoked by internal or external factors.

Why thrush can occur in the mouth, the main reasons:

Hereditary predisposition, language anomalies.
Weak immunity.
Dysfunction endocrine system (diabetes 2 types, pathology of the thyroid gland)
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (dysbacteriosis, gastritis with high acidity), blood diseases.
Immunodeficiency states (hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV).
Autoimmune pathologies (Sjögren's syndrome, dry mouth).
Hormonal failure, often occurs against the background of pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause.
Dental pathologies (periodontitis, caries), formation, incorrectly established orthodontic structures or fillings.
Injuries of the oral mucosa (scratches, punctures, microcracks).
Infection in the body.
Chronic ENT diseases (asthma, lung dysfunction), frequent colds, SARS, tonsillitis, stomatitis.
Long-term drug therapy - after antibiotics, corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, oral contraceptives.
Lack of B vitamins, nicotinic and ascorbic acid.
Violations nervous system- systematic overwork, insomnia, stress, breakdowns.
Consequences of irradiation in cancer patients (chemotherapy).
Failure to comply with the rules of oral care, personal hygiene, processing removable dentures, sanitation (washing hands, dishes).
Addicted to bad habits(smoking, alcohol, drugs).

Photo

You can see what the thrush looks like in the mouth in this photo:

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease is a variety of symptoms. It depends on the cause, age of the patient, distribution and form of leakage.

What signs can be used to identify thrush of the oral cavity:

sensation of itching and burning in the mouth;
loss palatability, the appearance of a metallic taste;
the formation of a white cheesy plaque in the mouth;
redness of the mucous membrane;
edematous soft tissues, inflamed mucosa;
the appearance of shallow ulcers.

Flow forms

Oral candidiasis is classified by type, stage of development and form of pathology.

initial - the appearance of small reddish or burgundy blotches with inside cheeks;
medium - plaques increase in size, gradually merge, forming a plaque that can be easily removed with a scraper;
severe - the inflammatory process captures the entire pharynx, the sores bleed, the functions of swallowing and eating are difficult.

By location:

gingival - appears in newborns or when using removable dentures;
oropharyngeal - penetrates the throat, more common after antibiotics;
in the corners of the mouth - seizures are formed when increased salivation, injury, anatomical features (deep folds).

Flow form:

acute - pseudomembranous, atrophic;
chronic - hyperplastic, atrophic.

Acute

There is a common symptomatology of acute oral candidiasis:

the inner surfaces of the oral cavity are covered with plaques and a light gray coating;
when removing the curdled film, bleeding sores are observed;
bad smell from mouth;
reaction to sour, spicy, salty;
the appearance of soreness, tingling;
sensation of coma and squeezing in the throat with deep spread (to the tonsils).

Pseudomembranous acute form is characterized by the following features:

discomfort during meals, loss of appetite, especially in babies;
sleep disorder;
possible increase in subfebrile temperature.

Acute atrophic candidiasis must be differentiated from an allergy to removable acrylic devices (or spraying on tooth-replacing metal structures).

What is the patient complaining about?

severe hyperemia of mucous membranes, signs of xerostomia;
scrotal tongue, covered with folds (furrows) with a coating;
foul smell from the mouth;
atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue;
fungal colonies penetrate into deep folds, forming a single whole, which prevents the tongue from being cleaned of plaque.

Chronic

Chronic oral candidiasis must be differentiated from lichen planus or leukoplakia.

Distinctive features of the hyperplastic form of thrush:

thick, firmly fixed coating of the palate and tongue with a yellowish coating;
mucosal surfaces itch, burn, tingle;
the appearance of spontaneous pain;
attempts to remove plaque are practically ineffective, causing bleeding.

The atrophic form of candidiasis is more common in older people when using removable plastic plate devices.

Patient complaints:

the plaque is thin, but it is almost impossible to remove it;
burning sensation and dryness in the mouth;
erosions, papillomas are formed on the mucosa, usually in areas under prostheses;
cracked corners of the mouth;
papillae of the tongue atrophy.

This type of thrush is easy to distinguish by the characteristic seizures in the corners of the mouth.

How to treat thrush in the mouth?

Oral candidiasis cannot be cured on its own. First of all, you need to make an appointment with a dentist-therapist, who will send you for a diagnostic examination.

Based on the conclusion of the doctor and the factor that provoked the fungal pathogen, a set of therapeutic measures is prescribed:

Treatment of chronic and comorbidities or violations internal organs and systems (as the root causes of thrush).
Antimicrobial drug therapy.
Anti-inflammatory therapy - the appointment of antibiotics, antihistamines and antiseptics(rinsing, external rubbing).
Vitamin therapy to increase the immune and protective functions of the body.
Dosage adjustment or withdrawal of medications that contribute to or cause thrush.
Correction of orthodontist's mistakes, treatment dental diseases(periodontal disease, caries, periodontitis).
Alternative treatment folk remedies to reinforce the result.
Appointment of an individual diet to balance the diet.
The hygienist will consult on oral care, right choice and the use of hygiene products.

Medical therapy

Medicines for thrush in the mouth, doses and duration of treatment, the doctor selects individually for each patient. Consider the most effective medications divided into categories.

Antifungal antibiotics:

Name	Description	Reception scheme
Natamycin	Means of the macrolide group.	Apply 4 times a day for no more than a week.
Nystatin	The polyene agent is directed to the foci of infection.	Consume 4-6 times a day for 10 days.
Diflucan	Systemic antimycotic agent, quickly eliminates symptoms.	One capsule for 24 hours, taking 7-14 days.
Flucanol	Destroys the membranes of fungal cells.	A single dose of 200-400 mg, taking up to 5 days.
Pimafucin	Kills any strains of Candida fungus.	Take every 3 hours for up to a week.

Anti-inflammatory drugs:

Means for local treatment:

Name	Description	Reception scheme
Lizobakt	Sucking tablets (antiseptic) to enhance immunity.	2 pcs. per reception 3-4 r / day for 8 days.
Loratadin, Tsetrin, Tavegil	To eliminate allergies, hyperemia, swelling, itching, burning.	1 tab. 3-4 r / day up to 5-7 days.
Potassium iodide 2-3%	Prevention of signs of xerostomia.	Rinse your mouth 3 times/day.
Lugol	Soft antiseptic with the function of tissue renewal and healing.	Mucosal treatment 3-6 r / day.
Borax in glycerin	Antiseptic, stops the growth of fungi, there is no aroma.	Lubricate the affected areas 2-3 r / day, 3-7 days.
Chlorhexidine	Powerful antiseptic mouthwash.	Apply morning and evening for no more than 10 days.
Decamine ointment	Removes inflammation in the oropharynx.	Apply to mucous membranes 3 r / day.
Candide Clotrimazole	Means in the form of a gel or cream are designed to combat fungal diseases.	Lubricate the affected area 4 r / day.

It is customary to treat thrush in the mouth only in the complex of all possible methods aimed at restoring the microflora of the oral cavity and the activity of the immune system.

The use of vitamins and minerals is extremely important. Especially useful ascorbic and a nicotinic acid, Pyridoxine, Thiamine, supplements, including group B, PP.

The price of drugs varies depending on the region.

Folk recipes

Folk remedies in combination with traditional methods allow you to get rid of oral thrush much faster and significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Effective home therapy methods:

sage + chamomile + calendula - drug collection in the proportion of 1 tbsp. l. for 200 ml of boiling water, keep on a quiet fire for 15 minutes, cool, strain, rinse your mouth 3 times a day;
natural bee honey - after removing plaque, periodically dissolve a spoonful of thick honey in the mouth to heal the mucosa;
sea buckthorn oil - lubricate the affected areas after hygiene or rinsing the mouth;
soda solution - 1 tsp. sodium carbonate in half a glass of water, do oral baths several times a day or wipe sores.

Dieting

Improper nutrition is often the root cause of oral candidiasis. If you do not exclude products that promote the reproduction of fungal colonies, then they will become a serious obstacle to successful therapy.

What you need to give up to speed up the healing process of the mucosa:

sugar, sweets in any form;
yeast baking;
smoked meats;
dishes seasoned with spicy, salty, marinades;
food should be warm, avoid hot.

To maintain the effect of remission and prevent relapses, the recommended duration of the diet after recovery is at least 1-2 months.

Prevention

Measures to prevent the development or occurrence of relapse include the following items:

strict adherence to the recommendations of the hygienist regarding the choice of means and rules for oral care;
at the first sign of thrush, change all personal hygiene items to new ones;
for the future - Toothbrush, lip cosmetics, utensils (fork, spoon, cup) must be strictly individual.

The misconception that thrush does not occur in the mouth in adults often leads to the fact that the mild form of candidiasis is not paid due attention and the fungus in the mouth takes its place. You should be more attentive to the health of the oral cavity, because even the appearance of a small plaque on the tongue signals a disease, including thrush. When the diagnosis is confirmed, an antifungal agent, the use of ointments and rinsing to relieve painful symptoms.

Etiology

The same pathogen is to blame for both the development of oral candidiasis and the development of vaginal candidiasis. It is a yeast fungus of the genus Candida. Upholstered on the entire surface human body from birth, Candida feels comfortable on mucous surfaces. The fungus is included normal microflora human, refers to opportunistic pathogens. In order for Candida to actively begin to multiply and thrush on the tongue in adults declares itself, a number of conditions are necessary:

acid and temperature conditions are observed;
sufficient nutrient medium.

Now, from an opportunistic microorganism, the fungus Candida becomes the cause of a serious disease - candidiasis. Depending on which mucous surface was affected, there are:

vaginal candidiasis (in women);
balanitis (candidiasis of the genitals in men);
oral candidiasis.

Reasons for development

Sweets lovers are at risk of fungal infections.

Thrush in men in the mouth is less common than in women (this is due to the fact that women are big lovers of sweets than men). Pregnant women are at higher risk of the disease because the body future mother experiences hormonal changes and, accordingly, does not resist the fungus. And of course the child who is on breastfeeding- the first in the risk group for the development of thrush.

Each person is most at risk of getting sick when the following conditions occur:

forced to be treated with antibiotics;
smokes;
there are disorders in the endocrine system,
a history of diabetes mellitus;
hormonal changes occur (during pregnancy, menopause);
need to take oral contraceptives;
the oral cavity is damaged by a denture;
periodontal disease progresses;
due to HIV infection, immunity weakens;
required radiation therapy.

Symptoms of the development of thrush

Oral thrush in adults at the onset of the disease does not cause unpleasant discomfort.

However, it is necessary to pay attention to the state of oral health with symptoms:

appears metallic taste,
feeling of intense dryness
a small white-gray layer covers inner surface cheeks

Localized, the fungus creates lesions, causing a feeling of dry mouth.

If at this stage of the disease the signs of candidiasis do not cause concern and the thrush is not treated, the disease progresses on the mucous membrane in the oral cavity. A white coating appears covering the gums, tongue and tonsils. A burning sensation begins, as the toxins secreted by the fungus of the tongue irritate the surface of the mucosa. It grows, foci of accumulation of the fungus are formed. At first, these are small dots, which eventually unite into breasts. The white layer resembles a curd mass and covers the inner surface of the cheeks, accumulates on the root of the tongue, under the tongue.

Signs of thrush in the mouth become apparent. Under a layer of fungus, the surface turns red, swells. Scraping plaque causes pain, ulcers form. The disease spreads to the surface of the lips, affecting the folds in the corners of the mouth. These are symptoms of candidiasis acute stage diseases. Also, the fungus spreads towards the larynx. Over time, the dry mouth that candidiasis of the tongue causes makes it uncomfortable and painful to speak, eat, and simply swallow saliva.

Features of different types of disease

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Antibiotics destroy beneficial bacteria microflora.

The need to undergo treatment with antibiotics can provoke the development of oropharyngeal candidiasis. The antibiotic, along with the bad bacteria, kills the good ones and, as a result, the fungus grows rapidly. initial stage the disease practically does not manifest itself: the body temperature is the same, the whitish coating and the fungus on the tongue of an adult are almost invisible. This is the difficulty in diagnosing thrush. At this stage of the disease, as a rule, along with the abolition of antibiotics, the microflora of the oral mucosa returns to normal. If the immune system fails and the thrush progresses, it is shown therapeutic treatment.

gum candidiasis

For the occurrence of candidiasis of the gums, sometimes one condition is enough for the development of the disease - not enough hygiene procedures.

The layer on the gums can be seen already at the beginning of the disease. At this stage, it can still be removed by scraping. If treatment is not started, plaque is converted into a film, which is prevented from being removed by the formation of under-film erosion. Wearing a denture in old age also often causes the development of thrush. An inconveniently located prosthesis leads to the accumulation of saliva in the corners of the lips, irritation and infection appear. In this case, it is recommended to leave the prosthesis overnight in a glass with an antiseptic solution, and rinse the mouth. Long-term smokers experience gum candidiasis as often and are also forced to treat thrush.

Diagnosis of thrush in the mouth in adults

Laboratory research determine the cause of the failure.

To diagnose the disease, a scraping from the oral mucosa, a denture is carried out. It is necessary to conduct research at the beginning of the disease and after antifungal treatment. Before the examination, they do not brush their teeth, but eat 4 hours before visiting the doctor. Target microscopic examination- identify the Candida fungus using a light or fluorescent microscope. Confirmation of the diagnosis will be the detection of budding cells with pseudomycelium. Bacteriological research allows you to identify the fungus, determine its sensitivity to.

Treatment of thrush

For the treatment of oral thrush, the pharmaceutical industry offers a wide range of antifungal drugs: creams, ointments, solutions for rinsing and irrigating the mucosa, tablets. Treatment of candidiasis of the tongue in adults must be supplemented with cleansing procedures. The execution technique looks simple: wrap your finger with a sterile bandage, immerse it in a glass with soda solution(1 tsp per glass of water) and clean the tongue and the inside of the mouth.

Plaque from the tongue will help remove the antiseptic solution.

The curd layer (candidiasis on the tongue) in an adult is shown to be treated antiseptic solutions, for example, "Fukortsinom" or preparations based on iodine. Thrush at the corners of the mouth requires treatment and is successfully treated. Cream "Clotrimazole" or ointment "Amphotericin" will cope with this task. Antifungal therapy combined with additional reception vitamins (C, group B). For the same purpose, it is necessary to clean the plaque from the baby. Drops of "Nystatin" allow you to quickly remove the symptoms of thrush and cure it. Processing is carried out within 10 days, the recommended dosage does not exceed 1 ml on each side of the treated surface.

Treatment of thrush is aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the disease, protecting immunity and preventing dysbacteriosis.

The normal microflora of the mucous membranes contains yeast-like fungi. Some types of these microorganisms can cause thrush or candidiasis. This disease rarely develops on its own, more often it is a consequence of other, more serious disorders in the body.

Candidiasis of the oral cavity - causes

The simplest explanation for the occurrence of the pathology in question is infection. Thrush in the oral cavity is transmitted through direct physical contact with the carrier of the infection, the use of common utensils, hygiene and household items. You can also get infected from animals, including vaccinated pets. Often, without external infection, thrush appears in the mouth - the reasons for the reproduction of fungi of the genus Candida:

weakening of the immune system;
taking certain drugs, mainly antibiotics;
radiation therapy;
inadequate hygiene care behind the oral cavity;
use of hormonal contraceptives;
bad habits;
wearing dentures and other orthodontic structures;
injuries on the mucous membranes;
severe chronic somatic diseases;
chemotherapy.

Candidiasis of the oral cavity - symptoms

Signs increase with the progression of the pathology, but they are easy to diagnose due to the specific clinical picture at the very beginning of the disease. Without treatment, it can turn into chronic form. Thrush in the mouth in adults - symptoms:

redness of the mucous membranes;
puffiness;
itching and burning;
feeling of dryness in the mouth;
discomfort when eating food and drinks, especially irritating (hot, sour, spicy);
difficulty in swallowing (lump in the throat);
irritation in the oral cavity;
bleeding gums;
cracks in the corners of the lips;
rarely - an increase in body temperature.

What does thrush look like in the mouth?

The described disease is difficult to confuse with other lesions of the mucous membranes. Oral candidiasis begins with the formation of small white grains (pseudomycelium) on the inner surface of the cheeks. Their number and size are rapidly increasing, and plaque spreads to other areas (tongue, gums, tonsils). Thrush in the mouth - visual symptoms:

white curdled mass on the mucous membranes;
the formation of painful ulcers under pseudomycelium;
light flakes and scales on the lips;
"coated tongue.

Thrush in the mouth - treatment

Therapy involves finding out the reasons for the reproduction of fungal colonies, their mandatory elimination. Additionally, the symptoms that provoke thrush in the mouth in adults are stopped - treatment includes:

taking antifungal medications;
local treatment of the oral cavity;
the use of phytochemicals;
diet compliance.

Medicines for oral candidiasis

Conservative therapy consists of taking antimycotics that destroy the fungus, and restorative medicines. The right way how to cure thrush in the mouth, a specialist should develop, taking into account the cause of the problem, independently prescribe pharmacological agents dangerously. Effective antimycotics:

Levorin;
Econazole;
Nystatin;
Miconazole;
Amphoglucamine;
Diflucan;
Nizoral;
Fluconazole;
decamine caramel;
Clotrimazole and analogues.

How to treat thrush in the mouth for auxiliary and restorative therapy:

vitamins of group B, PP and C;
Conferon, Ferroplex;
calcium gluconate;
Suprastin, Fenkarol.

How to rinse your mouth with candidiasis of the oral cavity?

For a successful fight against fungi, it is important to regularly sanitize the mucous membranes. Effective Methods how to treat oral candidiasis include daily rinsing with disinfectant solutions. Recommended remedies:

boric acid (2%);
Iodinol;
sodium tetraborate (2%);
Asepta.

A pronounced effect on progressive oral candidiasis is produced by subsequent treatment with antiseptics:

levorin and nystatin ointment;
Iodicyrin;
brilliant green and others.

Candidiasis of the oral cavity - treatment with folk remedies

Many plants have antifungal properties, so doctors even recommend herbal medicine for thrush. It will not completely eliminate oral candidiasis, treatment natural recipes important to combine with pharmacological preparations. Phytotherapy can quickly alleviate the symptoms of the disease, reduce its severity, and prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Mouthwash remedy for rinsing

Ingredients:

baking soda - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
cooking or sea salt- 0.5 tsp;
warm water - 1 glass.

Preparation, application

Dissolve baking soda and salt in water.
Rinse your mouth.
Repeat 4-5 times a day.

herbal remedy for candidiasis

Ingredients:

chamomile flowers - 1 teaspoon;
calendula marigolds - 1 teaspoon;
water - 300 ml.

Preparation, application

Pour vegetable base boiling water.
Boil the herbs for 10 minutes over low heat.
Strain the solution.
Take a mouthful of warm broth, hold for 1 minute.
Repeat 2-3 times.
Perform the procedure three times a day.

Drink for oral candidiasis

Ingredients:

raw garlic - 2-3 cloves;
milk whey (strained) - 1 cup.

Preparation, application

Chop the garlic.
Mix it with whey.
Drink at lunchtime and in the evening, 30 minutes before meals.

Thrush in the mouth (candidiasis stomatitis, oral candidiasis)- inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, palate, gums and tongue, caused by infection and overgrowth of yeast fungi of the family Candida(primarily - candida albicans, less often – Candida glabrata or candida tropicalis).

This fungal disease described by Hippocrates in 400 AD. The thrush was also attracted by medieval Aesculapius, but a systematic study of the disease and its pathogen began only in the middle of the 19th century.

Oral thrush has several manifestations. If white formations similar to thick kefir or cottage cheese appear in the mouth, this is pseudomembranous candidiasis(most common), if plaque cannot be removed, it is hyperplastic (chronic) candidiasis if redness appears in the palate and tongue, this is erythematous candidiasis, red ulcers in the corners of the mouth - angular stomatitis.

Fresh plaque is easily removed, the mucous membrane under it is pinkish and slightly swollen. In a neglected state, the plaque is transformed into plaques, and the mucous membrane is covered with small bleeding ulcers.

According to the place of localization, it stands out:

gum candidiasis(disease of infants and people with dentures);
oropharyngeal candidiasis(the root cause is antibiotics, without counteraction in the form of saprophytic microflora, the infection penetrates the throat);
candidiasis of the corners of the mouth(other names: angular cheilitis, angular candidiasis, seizure) - rarely recorded (about 2% of cases); develops with strong salivation, trauma to the mucous membrane with teeth and prostheses, anatomical features(presence of deep skin folds).

Oral candidiasis is a disease of infants under one year of age. In this age range, about 90% of babies are affected. But the disease is also noted in adults (in the absence of severe chronic disease- extremely rare), after 60 years - every tenth. There are more women among the sick than men, since during pregnancy a favorable hormonal background is created for this. Every year more and more patients are registered.

Fungi Candida colonize and multiply in conditions of injured mucosa, high acidity (pH 4.5), weakened immunity and disturbed microflora composition. In one-year-old children, an additional factor is the immaturity of the mucosa, which is especially pronounced in premature babies.

Newborns usually become infected when passing through birth canal if the mother has not treated vaginal thrush (5% of all cases). You can also get infected in the womb. The fungus can be brought in by the medical staff of the maternity ward.

In the further development of the disease contributes to the violation of hygiene rules. The infection enters the child's body through dirty toys, dishes, nipples, the habit of sleeping with a pacifier in the mouth aggravates the situation. Thrush provokes frequent regurgitation, too sweet mixtures. Infection is inevitable if caregivers are affected by candidiasis of the nails or oral cavity.

A favorable background for infection creates a weakened immune system, which usually happens during and after colds, viral, intestinal diseases. The same consequences allergic dermatitis. Resistance child's body reduces the intake of antibiotics (including by a nursing mother) and the subsequent dysbacteriosis.

Adolescents are vulnerable to thrush due to hormonal changes characteristic of this age; frequent hypothermia and colds contribute to its development.

Causes of oral candidiasis in adults.

Adults are usually infected by airborne droplets. Fungi are transmitted with kisses, dishes, and other items. Infection occurs due to poor hygiene and during oral sex.

The colonization of fungi contributes to a certain condition of the oral cavity: chronic diseases mucosa, its traumatic and surgical injuries, dry mouth syndrome, periodontal pockets, the presence of periodontitis and caries, poor oral hygiene. Poorly fitted dentures or braces are dangerous, especially if they are rarely removed and not properly cleaned.

Favorable conditions for damage to the oral cavity Candida create: hereditary predisposition, language anomalies, constant overwork, stress, nervous breakdowns, vitamin deficiency, contaminated ecological environment, hyperacidity, hormonal transformations ( premenstrual syndrome, menopause, pregnancy), increased blood pressure, gastritis and low acidity stomach, chronic constipation, asthma, chronic obstructive disease lungs, radiation, chemotherapy, drugs, sweets, alcohol, smoking (smoke can disturb the healthy balance of the microflora in the mouth).

Permanent bacterial infections, allergies, diseases of the endocrine system, cancer, blood diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, tuberculosis, hepatitis, diabetes mellitus weaken the immune system. On the final stages AIDS is highly likely to develop candidal sepsis.

Leads to the development of thrush long-term treatment hormonal drugs, taking inhaled corticosteroids, cytostatics, antidepressants, oral contraceptives With large quantity estrogen. The use of antibiotics vulnerability to candidiasis by 20%.

Symptoms of thrush in the mouth

Symptoms of oral candidiasis are determined by the stage of its development.

Oral thrush begins with the appearance of small reddish or burgundy spots. These formations are gradually covered with a white cheesy coating. The mouth becomes dry, the mucous membranes become red, irritated, soft tissues swell.

Rash manifestations cause itching, burning, loss of taste, or a metallic taste. The mucosa freed from plaque can bleed. At this stage, thrush can be treated without involving medication.

On the middle stage scattered white spots merge with each other, plaque covers the entire oral cavity. Bleeding sores under it hurt when sucking and swallowing. Cracks form at the corners of the lips.

On the severe stage the mouth is tightened with a continuous white film, the sores bleed profusely. The body temperature rises (up to 38-39°C). The overgrown cheesy plaque contributes to infection of the respiratory tract, as a result of which purulent tonsillitis may occur.

If candidiasis becomes chronic, plaque becomes brown or yellow. The mucosa is usually swollen cervical lymph nodes increased, the temperature rises. When swallowing, the food seems to be stuck in the throat. Removal of plaque causes bleeding and pain.

Complications of oral candidiasis

Candida having multiplied, it begins to suppress the immune system and, so that it does not recover, releases toxins into the body.

Rooting, fungal cells penetrate into the blood vessels and spread throughout the body with blood. They settle in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, in women - in the vagina and affect them. Food passing through the damaged mucous membrane of the mouth and esophagus causes pain and discomfort. In the gastrointestinal tract, pathogens create barriers to absorption useful substances. If plaque is removed, an infection can get into open wounds and provoke their inflammation and suppuration. Mushroom stool infects the skin of babies, causing irritation that is difficult to treat. Children with oral candidiasis infect mothers' nipples, and mothers, in turn, pass the infection on to cured children.

How to treat thrush in the mouth?

Treatment candidal stomatitis in children and adults, it is possible with medication and alternative means.

Drug treatment of thrush in the mouth

The treatment regimen is selected based on the results of the examination of the patient and analytical studies. Eliminated first acute symptoms then the immune system is strengthened.

Treatment options depend on the symptoms. light form thrush can be cured without medication.

Local drug treatment carried out using dental ointments, gels, solutions, drops, aerosols, chewable tablets, lollipops. Applied manipulations - rinsing, lubrication, applications. Doctors also resort to laser therapy, ultraviolet radiation, electrophoresis with potassium iodide. Antifungal drugs combined with antiseptics, since a secondary infection usually joins the inflammatory process.

In a number of antifungal agents, it has been confirmed high efficiency Miramistin (ointment, solution), Nystatin (cream, ointment, powder for solution, tablets).

Ointments Clotrimazole, Decamine, Levorin are widely used. Ointments are applied to a cotton swab, which is placed behind the cheek.

Among the solutions should be noted Iodinol, Candide, Lugol, Fukortsin, Furacilin, a solution of potassium permanganate, a 10% solution of borax in glycerin. Sangviritrin is harmless even for pregnant women and newborns.

Solutions irrigate the oral cavity, lubricate soft tissues, but it is better to apply a moistened cotton swab to inflamed areas. Manipulations should be carried out every 2-3 hours.

In the arsenal of chewable tablets and lozenges - Decamine, Dikain, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Levorin, Mikomax, Fluconazole, Fluorcytosine. Putting on the cheek or under the tongue, these drugs are held until completely dissolved. positive result can be expected at the end of the day.

Candidiasis seizures are well treated with creams that, in addition to antifungal agents, contain antibiotics and corticosteroid hormones. These qualities are possessed by Candide-B, Lorinden C, Lotriderm, Mycozolon, Pimafukort, Travocord, Triderm.

Antifungal therapy is carried out until complete disappearance inflammatory process and for fixing - a few more days (in general, about a month). It is desirable to alternate drugs.

Hexetidine, Hexoral, Diflucan, Ketoconazole, Mikomax, Fluconazole, Chlorhexidine bigluconate properly cope with the antiseptic function. It is necessary to clean the mouth with an antiseptic after each meal, but the used drug should not enter the digestive tract.

With ineffective local therapy, extensive localization of thrush in the mouth, damage to other organs (systemic mycoses), chronic course should switch to systemic antifungal therapy. The drugs Intraconazole, Ketoconazole, Flucanazole are distinguished by good efficiency. The resistance of fungi to these agents is overcome with the help of Amphotericin-B.

Other antimycotics are also used to destroy fungi throughout the body: Natamycin, Nystatin, Lamisil, Levorin, Caspofungin, Terbinafine.

Immunity is strengthened by vitamins, microelements (calcium gluconate, iron preparations), probiotics (suppress the growth Candida and supply beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract), immunomodulators. It's important to get rid of concomitant diseases and cure bad teeth.

Most antifungal and antiseptic drugs can be used from six months. In the first six months of life, only topical treatment is recommended.

Non-drug treatment of oral candidiasis

Clinical manifestations of thrush are well eliminated by rinsing the mouth with infusions of chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort, tea tree, oak bark, birch buds, diluted apple cider vinegar(1 tablespoon per glass warm water), diluted aloe juice, diluted baking soda(2 dessert spoons per cup of boiled water).

Sea buckthorn oil, tea tree oil are suitable for lubricating inflamed areas. A paste made from crushed grant grains helps. For the treatment of young children, you can use a nipple by dipping it in honey, after making sure that there is no allergy to this product.

If oral thrush is affected, products that provoke the development of pathogenic fungi should be abandoned - white bread, rice, cheese, sweets, nuts. Salty, smoked, fatty foods are excluded from the diet.

But welcome foods rich in fiber, vitamin C, which supports immune system. It is useful to use yogurt (without additives and sugar).

Thunderstorm of yeast fungi is garlic and onions. These products are added to writing, lotions are made from their gruel or juice, avoiding burns of the mucous membrane). Children are not recommended for this.

Drinks should be sour and unsweetened. This condition is met by lingonberry, currant or cranberry fruit drinks, grapefruit, pineapple, orange, pomegranate, lemon, raspberry juices, kvass.

(monoliase) - a fungal disease (candidiasis), leading to damage to the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, tongue, gums. The disease got its name from external manifestations in the form of a whitish eruption, which, merging, becomes like spots of milk.

The category of patients most susceptible to this pathology is newborns (children up to a month old). Particularly affected are babies born prematurely, as well as infants, weakened by congenital and acquired diseases, which sharply reduce defensive forces organism.

Thrush can also develop in adults, especially the elderly. This disease is called contagious only conditionally, because pathogens - fungi - are normally present on the skin, mucous membranes, in the intestines, and genitals in almost everyone. These microorganisms can manifest their pathogenic properties only in weakened patients. Cases of transmission of thrush through toilet items (towels, toothbrushes, etc.) are described.

note: developed candidiasis gives the patient a lot of uncomfortable manifestations and therefore requires treatment.

Why does thrush develop in the mouth

Among the reasons contributing to the reproduction of common fungiCandida (krusei , tropicalis, guilliermondi,albicans , pseudotropicalis) should be noted:

How does thrush develop?

Fungi located on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, as a result of inhibition immune factors are able to enter cells. In the new environment, they begin active growth and reproduction. The waste products and enzymes secreted by fungi lead to the destruction of cells. At the site of the development of the process, all signs of inflammation appear with redness, swelling of tissues, pain, itching, and local fever.

In the midst of manifestations on the affected areas occurs white coating, resembling in its appearance a milky-curdled mass, which consists of dead skin cells and mucous membranes, fibrinous elements, and dead bacteria.

Plaque at the beginning of the disease is represented by milk points, which gradually increase in number and size, then merge and form plaque-like films, which eventually merge into one. Films cover the inner surface of the cheeks, cover the tongue, capture the gums. If the process goes further, then the thrush appears on the palate, tonsils and goes down into Airways. Sometimes there are generalized forms that spread throughout the body.

Symptoms of thrush in the mouth

The disease can develop over several hours, sometimes days or even weeks.

The patient is concerned about:

discomfort in the mouth, dryness, itching;
the appearance on the mucous membrane of white and yellowish spots, which gradually merge and turn into a continuous coating;
red, inflamed mucosa under the coating, which may become ulcerated and bleed;
itching, supplemented by burning; pain grow, change taste sensations, there is a taste with a "metallic" tint;
swallowing disorders and a feeling of a coma in the throat - occur when candidiasis passes to the area of \u200b\u200bthe pharyngeal mucosa;
with a large area of the affected surface - an increase in body temperature;
skin in the corners of the mouth, covered with cracks; there is an unpleasant smell from the mouth;
soreness when taking sour, salty, spicy foods.

Examination and diagnostics

The diagnosis of "thrush of the oral cavity", the treatment and prevention of this disease is carried out by a dentist, sometimes an infectious disease specialist or a dermatologist.

The disease is defined on the basis of:

characteristic complaints of the patient;
examination of the oral cavity, with the detection of relevant changes (plaque, inflammatory changes);
scraping of the film and mucous membrane from the affected areas, for the subsequent determination of the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to medicines;
with the main indicators - hemoglobin, erythrocytes, extended leukocyte formula.

After confirming the presence of a fungal pathogen, the doctor prescribes the necessary therapy.

Important:You should not self-medicate thrush. An unprofessional approach may be useless, or cause outright harm to the patient.

Features of thrush in the mouth in women

Clinical manifestations in men and women proceed almost without differences. It should be noted that women are more susceptible to the disease, especially during puberty, pregnancy,. Against the background of these processes in the body, a significant hormonal restructuring occurs, which often leads to immune problems. Therefore, the available fungal flora can give active growth and reproduction, causing flowering symptoms of thrush.

Why does thrush appear in the mouth in young children

An infant becomes infected from the mother during childbirth if the woman in labor is an asymptomatic carrier of the fungus, or if she has clinical manifestations genital candidiasis. A child can also be infected in the maternity hospital with insufficient observance of sanitary standards. Immaturity of the mucosa and imperfect immunity leads to rapid development thrush in baby's mouth.

Note:a neonatologist should carefully examine the child, and at the slightest manifestation of thrush, begin treatment.

If this is not done, then it is possible to allow the development of candidiasis of an advanced stage, when the child has a pronounced plaque and general symptoms-, weakness, refusal of food, tearfulness,.

Treatment of thrush in the mouth

Treatment is prescribed after examination and confirmation of the presence of a fungal pathogen. Based on the data obtained, the doctor prescribes the necessary drug, individually selects the dosage and duration of administration. With insufficient effectiveness, drugs are changed, combined. Dosages may also be subject to adjustment. If necessary, they increase or decrease.

Treatment of fungal infections leading to thrush is carried out antifungal group medicines.

Medicines are used for general treatment in tablet form, and for local action (ointments, gels, sprays, solutions, rinses). Combinations of general and local remedies help to get rid of thrush most effectively.

Sometimes candidiasis occurs against the background of another bacterial infection, in which case combined treatment is required different groups antibacterial drugs(antibiotics and antifungals).

General medicines:

Drugs that provide general action on the whole body with fungal pathology, quite a lot has been developed. Their use is based on the experience of the doctor and the intricacies of the mechanism of action.

Based active substances, used in tablet form, ointments have been created that have a local antifungal effect. The most famous today are Nystatin, Levorin, Clotrimazole and many others . O They destroy the membranes of fungal cells upon direct contact and increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in them, which causes the death of fungi. Most often, creams, gels or solutions are used to lubricate the surfaces of the mucous membranes of the mouth affected by thrush.

However, these medicines can give a number of side effects- stool disorders, weakness, allergic manifestations. In this case, you must immediately stop taking it and tell your doctor about the problem.

When acute form thrush, topically, apply methylene blue, Lugol's solution, Fukortsin.

As ancillary treatment you should rinse your mouth with soda solutions, boric acid, iodinol. Rinsing should be repeated every 2-3 hours.

Treatment of thrush should be supplemented with vitamin therapy. Reception, Pyridoxine and Thiamine stabilizes the immune system, allowing you to successfully resist the disease.

With an existing allergic component and with complications from taking medications, antihistamines are recommended.

diet for candidiasis

Patients should reconsider their diet, remove acidic foods, smoked meats, and spices from it. At the time of treatment, it is better to refrain from white varieties of bread, sugar. The food should be dominated by: vegetable fiber (fruits and vegetables), boiled, lean meat.

Traditional medicine in the treatment of thrush in the mouth

Rinsing the mouth with a decoction of oak bark, infusions of St. John's wort and calendula is given in combination nice results. To enhance the effect, a small amount can be added to these infusions.

Prevention of thrush

Completely cured thrush may periodically reappear. Relapses are caused by immune failures in the body. Therefore, the main prophylactic preventing the development of thrush is hygiene, healthy lifestyle life, balanced diet, daily walks. These recommendations are especially relevant when it comes to young children.

Lotin Alexander, medical columnist