Complete or partial intolerance to milk of animal origin is characteristic of approximately a quarter of the population. the globe. It occurs due to hypersensitivity to milk proteins, which become allergens for the body. The body is forced to fight them, giving an immune response. So a person has all sorts of allergic reactions: itching and rash on the skin, discomfort in the intestines, indigestion and others.

About Causes, Signs and Help for Milk Allergies will be discussed in this article.

Causes of milk allergy in adults and children

Nutrition experts identify several reasons why an allergy to milk and, as a result, intolerance to milk may occur.

1. The most common of them is a hereditary tendency to various allergies in general or sensitivity specifically to milk proteins. Allergies are especially common cow's milk.
It contains casein, as well as milk whey proteins - albumin and globulin. Sensitivity mainly occurs to casein, which accounts for about 80% of the total composition. It has large molecules and in the body of some people they are difficult to break down.

It is especially difficult for children's intestines to cope with them. When these incompletely split molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are perceived by immune cells as "enemies" and the body sounds the alarm, notifying the invasion with the help of allergic symptoms.

It is less common for the body to oppose whey proteins. And very rarely - against all milk proteins at the same time.
goat and sheep milk similar in composition to cow. If a person does not tolerate the latter, then most likely he will be allergic to the other two types, although there are exceptions to the rule.

Pediatricians insist that parents do not rush to introduce dairy foods and recommend using only an adapted mixture for feeding “artificial” babies. In them, protein molecules have already been processed and split.

In addition, when breastfeeding, the mother herself should carefully introduce dairy products, as well as nuts and seafood, into her menu, observing how the baby's body reacts to them. Ideally, the last two should be completely abandoned before the end of breastfeeding. These measures help to avoid the development of milk allergy and food allergy in general.

2. Also the reason is insufficient quantity or complete absence lactase enzyme involved in the digestion of lactose - milk sugar. This condition can be congenital or acquired due to intestinal infections.

Milk intolerance for this reason affects about 25% of our compatriots. Regarding data for the world as a whole, statistics say that approximately 95% of the population of Asia and 15% of Europe have alactasia (lack of lactase) or hypolactasia (lack of lactase).

Africans and Pacific peoples have relied primarily on milk for a very long time plant origin, for example, coconut, soybean, rice and other types. Consequently, it so happened that the local population is not genetically adapted to the assimilation of animal milk.

3. In a certain percentage of people, the content of immunoglobulin E in the blood serum exceeds the norm, and this excess makes the body more susceptible to potential allergens.

4. It happens that the allergy does not appear on the milk itself, but on the chemicals present in it, such as preservatives or antibiotics. Usually such impurities are found in low quality milk, so choose the product carefully!

Manifestations of milk allergy

The immune response to the allergen takes place at the level of various body systems. For example, from the side digestive organs it manifests itself in the form of bloating, flatulence, spasms, pain, diarrhea (sometimes the stool contains blood and a lot of mucus). Babies have profuse regurgitation after eating, or vomiting may begin. Children with allergies do not grow well, they are restless and often cry because of discomfort in the tummy.

If you notice blood in your or your baby's stool, contact your doctor immediately or call ambulance. This is a serious symptom that can be life threatening in some cases.

Allergy to milk may manifest as a runny nose, sneezing, swelling and nasal congestion, or cough.
The skin reacts with a rash, itching, redness, or dermatitis. Sometimes swelling of the head and neck can develop - Quincke's edema. Its appearance is an extremely dangerous condition, because it can cause compression of the trachea and lead to suffocation. As soon as you notice its signs, you should immediately give an antihistamine (Fenistil, Claritin, Zyrtec or other), plentiful drink and call for emergency medical attention.

Sour-milk alternative

Let's see if people with milk intolerance can replace it with fermented milk products.
Indeed, during the preparation of fermented milk products, a certain amount of milk sugar undergoes fermentation, becoming lactic acid. This transformation facilitates its digestion by the human body.

For example, in cow's milk, its content is at the level of approximately 4.5%, and in cottage cheese - already less than 3%. However, another part of the lactose remains in its original state even after processing. From this we can conclude that when replacing milk with fermented milk products, the risk of allergy remains, although its probability is somewhat reduced.

Ways to treat a dairy allergy

• cheese,
• milk porridge,
• milk baking,
• chocolate,
• ice cream,
• some pasta and sauces
• and also, possibly, from sour-milk products.

Teach yourself and your child to recognize what food is made of if it was not prepared by you personally. This will help to avoid unpleasant surprises. It will not be superfluous to always carry a personal first-aid kit with you in case of an unexpected appearance of allergic symptoms.

Do not self-medicate - it can be dangerous to health! Hurry up to apply for qualified help to an allergist.

Extensive data will be collected to confirm predisposition to this type of food allergy, including heredity, nutrition, symptoms, medical history, and examination results.

You or your baby will be sent to have some diagnostic tests, such as one called a food challenge. Having all the necessary information, the doctor will propose a treatment plan. As a rule, prescribe a diet, antihistamines, corticosteroids for the relief of acute attacks, calcium supplements.

If the baby is allergic to milk, and breastfeeding is impossible, then the child must be transferred to a special therapeutic hypoallergenic mixture. It contains already split and fermented protein, which is able to be normally absorbed by the child's body.

Feeding with therapeutic mixtures is carried out in a course of six months or a year, after which the child is tried to enter the usual adapted or fermented milk mixture. In addition, if the pediatrician does not mind, then from four months you need to introduce vegetable or fruit complementary foods to the baby and gradually replace several feedings with the mixture.

Some time ago, it was recommended to give formulas made from soy milk to such allergic children. However, to date, studies have confirmed that such mixtures do not provide the full development and growth of young children, and besides, soy itself can cause allergies.

Usually children's allergy to milk "outgrows" after the age of three. However, in a small percentage of babies, it can persist throughout life or develop sensitivity to other substances against its background.

Milk made from plants

Milk of animal origin can be replaced with an analogue prepared from plants: soy, coconut, almond, rice, oatmeal, etc.

Soy milk is the most popular plant based milk. It is quite saturated with protein (up to 40% of the total composition) and it contains many vitamins, useful minerals and amino acids. In any large supermarket you will find several brands of this product from different manufacturers.

It is not difficult to prepare this milk at home. Here is his recipe. Soya beans boil until puree. The liquid in which they were boiled is drained, filtered and cooled. She is milk.

Coconut milk Widely used in Thai and Polynesian cuisines. It is used as a base for sauces and soups. It is prepared from the white pulp of coconut - copra. It is rubbed on a fine grater or crushed in a blender. The resulting mass is wrapped in cheesecloth and milk is squeezed out of it.

Almond milk- incredibly tasty, although it can not be called a budget option. A glass of unroasted almonds should be washed and left in water for 10-12 hours. Moisture-saturated nuts are crushed in a blender to a state of porridge, and then the mixture is passed through gauze or a sieve.

There is also a second way. He's faster. Washed nuts are ground in a coffee grinder to a powder state. It is poured into a bowl, filtered water or mineral water is gradually poured in without gas and the mass is whipped with a blender. At the end, you need to strain and the milk is ready.

People who are prone to allergic reactions should use coconut, almond and any other nut milk with caution, because nuts are a powerful allergen.

Ready rice milk it is more difficult to find in the mass market, but it can be easily prepared in the kitchen. You will not spend a lot of time and effort. Boil rice, pour a couple of glasses of filtered or mineral water without gas into it, stir everything until smooth in a blender and then pass through a sieve. To add flavor, you can add vanilla, cinnamon or other spices and spices that you like to the milk.

Oat milk is not only a health elixir for the liver, but also miraculous remedy to fight the common cold. To prepare it, take two cups of unhusked oats, rinse it and fill it with water. On very low heat, the mixture should languish for about an hour, after which it should be passed through a sieve or gauze.

If you are treating a cold, you can put honey in milk. However, it should only be placed in a cooled, already warm milk, otherwise honey loses its beneficial properties and even acquires harmful ones, for example, when heated above 60 ° C, the amount of hydroxymethyl-furfural, a dangerous carcinogen, greatly increases in it.

B-lymphocytes carry out a different type of immunity. If necessary, they transform into plasma cells that do not attack the allergen on their own, but produce antibodies of various classes that destroy it on their own or with the help of the complement system and T-lymphocytes. Thus, humoral or extracellular immunity is carried out.

Stage of biochemical reactions

bio stage chemical reactions develops with repeated contact of the allergen with the human immune system. T-lymphocytes and antibodies actively migrate to the site of contact and begin to destroy the antigen. Along the way, a number of substances are released, which lead to the appearance of classic signs of allergy, such as rash, itching, temperature, shortness of breath, etc. These substances, first of all, include histamine, serotonin and bradykinin. These substances, otherwise called inflammatory mediators, are produced and stored in special mast cells and released under the influence of the command of any immune cell.

Being released into the tissue, they dilate the vessels in the affected area, thus slowing down the blood flow and improving the conditions for the deposition of lymphocytes on the vascular wall. Settling on vascular wall lymphocytes penetrate through it into the focus of an allergic reaction and come to grips with the allergen. Slowing blood circulation has another goal - limiting the spread of the allergen through the bloodstream throughout the body. This mechanism is extremely important, because with its inferiority, anaphylactic reactions develop, which pose a threat to life.

Together with histamine, serotonin and bradykinin, other inflammatory mediators are included in the allergic process, which indirectly or directly affect the course of the allergic process. These include various interleukins, cytokines, leukotrienes, neurotransmitters, tumor necrosis factor, and many other factors. Together, they provide an increase in body temperature, itching and pain reaction.

Stage of clinical manifestations

This stage characterized by the response of tissues to the release of biologically active substances. Since milk is one of the most powerful allergens, the range of the body's response will be large - from simple urticaria to anaphylactic shock. The severity of clinical manifestations directly depends on the dose of the allergen, the speed of its spread throughout the body, the degree of sensitivity immune system to it and the state of the immune system itself. Also, the reaction of the body may differ in terms of manifestation. So, there are four main types of allergic reactions. The first, second and third types proceed as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. In this case, the count goes for seconds, minutes, less often for hours. The fourth type of allergic reactions proceeds as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. With this type, an allergic reaction develops within hours or even days.

Possible manifestations of a milk allergy are:

• allergic rhinitis;
• headache;
• skin manifestations;
• bronchospasm;
• anaphylactic shock.

Risk Factors Contributing to the Development of Milk Allergy

An allergy to breast milk can develop in a newborn baby, and an adult can develop an allergy to the milk of mammals. The mechanism of allergization of the body is almost identical in both cases, but the factors leading to allergies are different. That is why risk factors are conditionally divided into congenital and acquired, and acquired, in turn, into those acquired in the first year of life and after the first year.

Risk factors leading to congenital milk allergy:

• hereditary predisposition;
• the use by the mother during pregnancy of highly allergenic foods;
• excessive consumption of milk during pregnancy;
• intensive drug therapy during toxicosis;
• insufficiency of secretory immunity;
• features of the immune response;
• changes in the innate balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines;
• hypersensitivity peripheral tissues to allergy mediators;
• violation of the enzymatic activity of phagocytes;
• congenital violation of the processes of deactivation of biologically active substances.

hereditary predisposition

Some nationalities and ethnic groups have a genetically programmed deficiency of certain enzymes that digest milk proteins. Representatives of such a population are some nomadic tribes northern regions Siberia. Drinking milk causes severe diarrhea and abdominal pain in them, and also makes the body more sensitive to this product. With the repeated use of milk in these people, allergy symptoms are added to the usual symptoms of intolerance, which, as previously indicated, can be very diverse.

Maternal consumption of highly allergenic foods during pregnancy

It is clinically proven that children born to mothers who allowed themselves the use of highly allergenic foods during pregnancy also had an allergy to certain substances, including milk. These foods include cow's milk, eggs, fish, peanuts, soybeans, citrus fruits, strawberries, strawberries, blackcurrants, tree nuts, crustaceans, and even wheat. This does not mean that these products should be completely excluded from the diet, but they should be used extremely moderately, knowing about possible consequences. The reason is that in utero the fetus receives nutrients from the mother's body through the umbilical cord. Those nutrients that circulate in the mother's blood can interfere with the fetus's developing immune system. The result of such malfunctions, as a rule, is a violation of the body's immune tolerance to certain substances.

Excess milk consumption during pregnancy

Milk is a high-calorie and valuable product in terms of protein composition. However, if it is consumed in excess, part of the milk proteins reaches the intestines in an insufficiently prepared form for absorption due to the limited resource of its digesting enzymes. As a result, some of the large, undigested milk proteins are absorbed unchanged. Since these proteins are unknown to the body, the cells of the mother's immune system absorb it, and with the subsequent ingestion of milk, even in normal amount it causes allergies in both mother and child due to the close interaction of the immune systems of the two organisms during pregnancy.

Intensive drug therapy during toxicosis of pregnancy

Toxicosis develops as a reaction of the mother's body to the fetus growing in it. It develops when there is an imbalance between factors that support pregnancy and immune system factors that tend to reject the fetus as a foreign body. During toxicosis, millions of chemical reactions occur in the mother's body every second. Many biologically active substances are released into the blood, which, in parallel with their direct effect, significantly change general state mother herself. In such conditions, all systems of her body and the body of the fetus are working for wear and tear.

When layered on given state any other disease, such as pneumonia, cystitis or sinusitis, it becomes necessary to take such medicines as antibiotics, antipyretic or pain medications. These medicines have a side effect, manifested by the development of cell membrane instability syndrome. The essence of this syndrome is the release of allergy mediators even with the slightest irritation. Since the mother and fetus are closely related, this syndrome will manifest itself in the child and may persist for life. One of its manifestations is an allergic-like reaction to any substance ( milk, strawberries, chocolate, etc.) or a physical factor (), provoking the release of allergy mediators.

Lack of secretory immunity

Many glands of internal and external secretion of the body secrete a secret containing substances that neutralize many potential allergens before they come into contact with the mucous membranes of the body. These substances include lysozyme and class A immunoglobulins. In addition, the mucus itself performs protective function, because it prevents direct contact of the allergen with the mucous epithelium, while increasing the time taken for lysozyme and immunoglobulin A to destroy a substance that can cause allergization of the body. Some people have a congenital deficiency of protective substances in saliva, lacrimal fluid and the secretion of the cone glands. This leads to the fact that an aggressive substance, which may include milk, freely penetrates into the bloodstream and, upon repeated contact with them, causes the development of an allergic process.

Features of the immune response

The immune system of a healthy person is distinguished by a clear balance of the number of its certain elements and a well-functioning interaction between them. Under the influence of numerous factors, disturbances in the correct intrauterine development of the immune system can occur. Therefore immune cells may turn out to be overly active, the number of antibodies will exceed normal values, and the ratio between their various classes will be disturbed. The above changes will contribute to an increased allergic background, in which any substance, and even more so milk, will cause allergic reaction.

Altering the innate balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Cytokines are substances that regulate the speed and intensity of the inflammatory process in the body. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase the inflammatory process, while anti-inflammatory cytokines, on the contrary, reduce it. Since the allergic process is a specific inflammation, it is also subject to the influence of cytokines. With certain disorders of embryonic development, there is a shift in the balance towards pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the fact that the child is born with increased reactivity. In such a situation, milk, being strong allergen, will provoke sensitization of the body and the development of an allergy to this product in the future.

Hypersensitivity of peripheral tissues to allergic mediators

The main mediators of allergy are histamine, serotonin and bradykinin. When these substances interact with tissues, symptoms characteristic of the inflammatory process develop. When peripheral tissues have high sensitivity to the above mediators, the tissues respond to irritation of normal strength too actively, and the usual inflammation develops into an allergic process.

Violation of the enzymatic activity of phagocytes

Phagocytes are cells of the macrophage system, located both in the blood and in other tissues of the body, which perform the function of collecting and destroying various substances that have fulfilled their function, fragments of dead cells, even harmful bacteria. One of the functions of phagocytes is the absorption and destruction of allergy mediators. In the case of a slow metabolism of these cells, allergy mediators are more long time are located in the tissues and, accordingly, have a more pronounced effect. At the same time, the allergic background of the body increases, and milk, being a strong allergen, most likely sensitizes the immune system and, if it enters the body again, will cause an allergic reaction.

Congenital violation of the processes of deactivation of biologically active substances

Biologically active substances released in large quantities into the tissues of the body during a relapse of an allergy should be promptly removed and rendered harmless. These substances include hormones, neurotransmitters, mediators of various phases of the inflammatory process, etc. The neutralization of these substances is carried out by the previously mentioned phagocytes, as well as liver and kidney enzymes. Some of the substances bind to blood proteins and circulate in it in a bound form until the enzymes that neutralize them are released. With insufficient function of neutralizing systems, biologically active substances accumulate and cause an increase in the allergic background.

Risk factors leading to milk allergy in the first year of life:

• breakdown hypoallergenic diet during breastfeeding;
• late attachment to the breast;
• early artificial feeding.

Breaking a hypoallergenic diet while breastfeeding

During pregnancy and especially during lactation, a woman, in without fail, must follow a diet that excludes the most allergenic products nutrition. If such a diet is violated, some elements of prohibited foods enter the milk in less than 2 hours after consumption. When such milk enters the underdeveloped gastrointestinal tract of a child, highly allergenic products are absorbed unchanged in the intestine. This is due to the fact that the enzymes that must process them are either not yet present in the intestines, or are present, but in insufficient concentration. As a result, an increased sensitivity of the child's immune system to a particular allergen develops. Cow's milk in the same way can cause an allergy in a child when consumed by his mother, especially if she has the lowest tolerance for milk.

Late attachment to the breast

According to the latest guidelines in obstetrics and gynecology, the newborn should be attached to the mother's breast no later than 2 hours after birth. This measure is intended to shorten the period during which the intestines of the newborn remain empty, or more precisely, not containing mother's milk. Breast milk and especially colostrum a thick, whitish, sticky substance that comes out of the breasts during the first 2 to 3 days of breastfeeding) contain a large number of antibodies that destroy pathogenic microbes that already inhabit the intestines of the newborn. With an increase in this period to 5-6 hours, 70% of newborns develop dysbacteriosis, which is a factor contributing to the appearance of an allergy in a child even to breast milk, despite the fact that it is the most suitable product for his nutrition.

Early artificial feeding

The quality of artificial infant formula has greatly improved today. They contain almost all the components that are in breast milk and even those with which it could be enriched. However, they have one important drawback - the absence of antibodies. It is the antibodies that support the child's immunity against those infections that the mother's body has encountered throughout her life. The mother's milk-borne antibodies protect the baby until its own immunity can protect the body on its own. In other words, as long as the baby is fed with breast milk, he is much better protected from infections than if he were fed the best artificial mixtures that exist today. Accordingly, if there is a risk of infection, there is also a risk of developing allergies, since many infections create conditions for the penetration of potential allergens into the bloodstream.

Risk factors leading to acquired milk allergy after the first year of life:

• pathology of the gastrointestinal tract;
• liver disease;
• helminthic invasion;
• unreasonable intake of immunostimulants;
• aggressive environmental factors;
• acquired hypovitaminosis;
• long-term use of ACE inhibitors.

Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract

As mentioned earlier, the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract) is a kind of barrier that prevents the penetration of the allergen into the body in the form in which it could harm it. Gradual exposure to milk as a potential allergen, first sour, and then alkaline media, various enzymes and intestinal microflora deprives it of antigenic properties and the ability to interact with the immune system.

In the presence of a disease of one of the departments digestive system (gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic duodenitis, etc.) milk is less carefully processed. Being absorbed into the blood in the form of a large molecule, it is perceived by the body not as a nutrient, but as an aggressive factor that must be destroyed. Upon repeated contact with it, the inflammatory process can begin even before it penetrates into the blood, for example, in the intestinal lumen. In this case, the patient will have diarrhea and pain throughout the abdomen, the body temperature will rise. The appearance of a rash will indicate the allergic nature of the disease and, together with the fact of drinking milk, a diagnosis of allergy to this food product will be established.

Diseases of the liver and gallbladder

The liver is an organ that secretes bile into the intestinal lumen, which is involved in the breakdown of milk fats. The gallbladder has the ability to accumulate and concentrate bile in order to allocate it to a certain phase of digestion and accelerate the breakdown of fats. When one of these organs becomes ill, their function suffers, and the digestion of milk is incomplete. With the penetration of undigested milk molecules into the blood, an allergization of the body with this product develops.

Children after the first year of life are more likely to develop subacute or chronic pain. Pain is better localized than more early age. Pain in the umbilical region indicates acute enteritis of an allergic nature. At the same time, the nature of the pain is undulating, so the child's behavior will change. Periods of crying will be replaced by periods of rest. The mechanism of pain in this case is associated with peristaltic waves of the intestine. The inflamed and edematous intestinal mucosa contracts and stretches to the beat of peristaltic waves, which provokes the appearance of pain. With a slight pressure on the abdomen, no abnormalities are determined or a slight bloating is determined. The chronic course of milk allergy is dangerous because it is sluggish, and the mother will not always be able to guess about the incompatibility of this product with the child's body and will not exclude it from the diet. This can eventually lead to chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis, as well as intestinal enzyme deficiencies with the development of secondary celiac disease.

In adults, the symptoms of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as a rule, are less pronounced than in children and are reduced to pain in the stomach. The appearance of pain, in this case, is associated with an excessive accumulation of histamine in the blood during the phase of active clinical manifestations of allergy. Histamine is one of the substances that increase the acidity of gastric juice. With increased acidity, the mucus covering the stomach is corroded, and hydrochloric acid gradually destroys the stomach wall. This explains the accompanying gastric ulcers and duodenum, as well as a frequent feeling of heartburn in patients with a long-term allergy to milk. The nature of the pain is undulating. Against the background of an empty stomach, the pain intensifies, and when eating any food, it subsides, and then reappears. This phenomenon is associated with a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice when it is diluted with food.

Dyspnea
This symptom appears only with the rapid and aggressive course of the allergic process and requires emergency medical care and follow-up in the intensive care unit.

There are several types of shortness of breath depending on the duration of the various phases of breathing:

• inspiratory;
• expiratory;
• mixed.

Inspiratory dyspnea develops when there is an obstruction to the passage of air into the lungs. With an allergy to milk, swollen vocal cords and less often greatly enlarged tonsils become this obstacle. With this type of shortness of breath, inhalation is difficult and lengthened, and exhalation is normal.

expiratory dyspnea develops when an allergic reaction triggers an asthma attack, the main manifestation of which is bronchospasm. As a result, air passes freely into the alveoli, and exits only when a certain effort is applied. With this type of shortness of breath, inhalation is free and short, and exhalation is long and labored. At the time of the attack, patients are forced to take a specific position in which their hands rest on a table, chair or window sill. In this position, the upper shoulder girdle is fixed, and in addition to the diaphragm, intercostal and scalene muscles are connected to the act of breathing, which additionally contract the chest and expel air out. Exhalation is accompanied by a specific whistle, audible at a distance.

Mixed dyspnea with an allergy to milk, as with any other allergy, it develops infrequently. In one case, its occurrence is associated with a rare Heiner's syndrome, in which, in response to the use of cow's milk, an allergic reaction develops, manifested by primary hemosiderosis of the lungs and their edema. In another case, the appearance of mixed shortness of breath is caused by acute heart failure. Due to the need for the heart to work hard with a decrease in blood pressure against the background of anaphylactic shock, myocardial infarction develops. With the development of myocardial infarction, stagnation of blood in the lungs occurs, gradually turning into pulmonary edema. With this type of breathing, the patient tends to take a vertical position. Breathing is frequent and shallow. On the face is an expression of panic and fear of death.

Cyanosis
Cyanosis is a skin manifestation of shortness of breath and lack of oxygen in the tissues. The color of the skin and mucous membranes changes to blue, gray and, in an extremely serious condition, to lilac-violet. This is due to the fact that hemoglobin ( a protein found in red blood cells and responsible for gas exchange processes), binding carbon dioxide, takes on a dark color compared to the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, which is scarlet red. With prolonged oxygen starvation, hemoglobin compounds with carbon dioxide begin to predominate in the blood, which stain the blood in a dark color.

Earlier and more intensely stained areas of thin skin and the most distant parts of the body from the body. Usually cyanosis begins with a slight cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle and fingers. With the progression of hypoxia ( lack of oxygen in tissues), blueness extends to the skin of the hands and forearms, the feet and lower legs are involved. Cyanosis of the trunk and in particular the chest is a poor prognostic sign.

Cough
This symptom is a reflex response of the body to irritation of the receptors of the larynx. In case of milk allergy, cough occurs when spreading angioedema on the larynx The respiratory epithelium lining the mucosa of this organ becomes excessively irritated. As a result, even normal respiratory flows or a slight change in the temperature or humidity of the inhaled air can cause coughing. The typical cough of laryngotracheitis is barking and harsh. It is characterized by a paroxysmal course with a long breath - a reprise.

Hoarseness of voice
Hoarseness develops for the same reason as a cough, but in this case, the swelling extends to the vocal cords. As a result, the ligaments swell, thicken and stop producing sound when air flows through them. As the glottis narrows, the voice disappears completely, and the air passes into the lungs with a characteristic quiet whistle.

Ear congestion
This symptom is not specific to milk allergy. Rather, it is associated with inflammation in the oral cavity and nasopharynx. With an allergic lesion of these departments, edema develops eustachian tubes- hollow canals communicating the middle ear cavity with the oral cavity. The main task of these channels is to maintain the same pressure in the tympanic cavity and in the atmosphere. This mechanism ensures the safety eardrum and supports the function of hearing during sudden changes in pressure, which occur, for example, when falling and climbing, during explosions.

Autonomic disorders

Vegetative disorders are manifestations of compensatory mechanisms designed to restore balance, disturbed due to the allergic process. These mechanisms are activated mainly in life-threatening conditions, a striking example of which is anaphylactic shock. According to statistics, at least half of the deaths from anaphylaxis occurred after drinking milk.

With an allergy to milk, the following vegetative disorders develop:

• heartbeat;
• rapid breathing;
• dizziness, nausea and loss of balance;
• loss of consciousness.

heartbeat
This symptom is the body's response to a sharp decrease in blood pressure during the development of anaphylactic shock. The patient feels it as a pounding in the chest, a feeling that the heart is about to jump out. Palpitations are accompanied by a feeling of discomfort and incomprehensible anxiety. The heart rate increases to maintain blood pressure. Upon reaching a value of 140 beats per minute, a threshold occurs, after which an increase in heart rate does not make sense, since it is no longer effective. However, with a further drop in pressure, the heart rate continues to increase to 180, 200 and even 250 beats per minute. At this rate, the heart muscle is soon exhausted, and the normal rhythm is replaced by arrhythmia. In the absence of medical intervention at a given moment, arrhythmia entails a repeated drop in blood pressure to zero values. Blood circulation stops, and the brain, which is the most sensitive organ to hypoxia, dies after an average of 6 minutes.

Rapid breathing
Tachypnea or rapid breathing is also a consequence of a drop in blood pressure. On the one hand, it is due to the fact that the blood flow rate decreases, the tissues receive insufficient oxygen and report this to the brain. The latter increases the oxygen content in the blood by increasing the frequency respiratory movements. On the other hand, increased heart rate is associated with emotional reaction patient for a sudden deterioration.

Dizziness, nausea and loss of balance
The above symptoms develop as a result of oxygen starvation and a decrease in the functions of the cerebellum. This part of the brain is responsible for maintaining a constant tone skeletal muscle and their coordinated work. If its functioning is disturbed, a swagger of gait occurs, the accuracy of movements is lost, the handwriting becomes large and sweeping, there is a feeling of a sharply increased weight of one's own body. The adoption of a horizontal position improves the blood supply to the cerebellum and temporarily restores the patient's condition. However, with the further development of anaphylactic shock, the symptoms return and worsen.

Loss of consciousness
Syncope, otherwise known as loss of consciousness, develops during systolic blood pressure less than 40 - 50 mm Hg. Art. It is caused by acute oxygen starvation of the nervous tissue of the brain. In the absence of oxygen, communication between the cortex and subcortical structures slows down. When the activity of these brain structures is completely disconnected, the patient falls into a coma. The duration of the patient's stay in this state determines how great the chances of complete rehabilitation after returning him to consciousness are.

Diagnosis of milk allergy

timely and accurate diagnosis milk allergy is extremely important in light of the complications it can entail. In addition, a correct diagnosis proper treatment and maintaining a proper lifestyle. Ultimately, all of the above measures lead to the maximum reduction of the negative effects of milk allergy and improve overall quality life.

Which doctor should I contact in case of problems?

An allergist is a specialist who is directly involved in the treatment of allergic diseases, and in particular in the treatment of allergies caused by milk. Some symptoms and complications of the allergic process can be treated by other specialists. A dermatologist deals with the treatment of skin manifestations of allergies. A nephrologist treats chronic recurrent glomerulonephritis, which may be initiated by an allergic process. A rheumatologist will be helpful if it is necessary to differentiate allergies from one of the rheumatoid diseases, the skin manifestations of which are very similar to allergic ones. Pulmonologist treats bronchial asthma, which often occurs in patients with a long-term allergy to milk. The general practitioner treats allergies, mild and middle degree gravity.

At the doctor's appointment

Arriving at the doctor's appointment, the patient must fully concentrate on his illness and provide the specialist with all the information he needs. Sometimes the doctor has to ask the patient about some of the nuances that the latter would not want to talk about. Even in spite of this, the patient should answer unpleasant questions, since in some cases it is these answers that allow shedding light on the cause of the disease, even if they seem insignificant and irrelevant to the patient himself.

The most likely questions from the attending physician include:

• What manifestations of allergy does the patient complain about?
• What provokes the appearance of allergic conditions?
• How does the body come into contact with the allergen?
• After drinking how much milk do allergy symptoms appear?
• How long after drinking milk does an allergic reaction develop?
• How often does an allergic reaction occur on average?
• Do allergy symptoms go away on their own or do you have to resort to the use of medications?
• What medications does the patient use and how effective are they?
• At what age did the first signs of allergies appear?
• Are there allergies to substances other than milk?
• Does the patient have relatives suffering from allergic diseases?
• Is it possible that the allergic symptoms are caused by another substance and masked by the consumption of milk ( allergic to lead, present in the paint applied to the cup; allergy to milk packaging polyethylene; allergic to industrial preservatives, etc.)?
• What else does the patient eat, what hygiene products does he use in everyday life?
• Are there comorbid chronic diseases?
• What drugs does the patient take daily for concomitant diseases?

Patient examination
It is extremely successful if the patient goes to the allergist during the manifestation of an allergic reaction. In this case, the doctor has the opportunity to observe everything with his own eyes. existing symptoms and immediately conduct some examinations to clarify the allergic nature of the above manifestations. To do this, it is necessary to demonstrate to the doctor the places where the symptoms are present most abundantly. For example, a rash often appears on the intimate parts of the body. Despite its complex localization, the rash must be shown to the doctor, as it may be a symptom of another disease. For example, a rash on the buttocks and legs is one of the first signs meningococcal infection which is much more dangerous than allergies. However, if there are no signs of allergy at the time of the visit to the doctor, then in no case should they be provoked by the intentional use of milk. Practice shows that after such a provocation, patients often do not have time to even reach the handset and call an ambulance, not to mention a visit to the doctor.

The presence of allergy symptoms at the time of examination definitely simplifies the diagnosis, but even in their absence, the doctor can assume the degree of their severity by indirect residual effects on the skin. In addition, it would be very helpful if the patient had photographs taken at the time of the recurrence of the allergic reaction. It is desirable that the photographs are clear, taken from various angles in good lighting.

Laboratory diagnostics

In addition to taking anamnesis of the disease and examining the patient, a series of laboratory tests and provocative tests are usually performed to finally establish the diagnosis.

The following laboratory tests and clinical tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of milk allergy:

• immunogram;
• detection of lymphocytes and antibodies sensitized to milk proteins;
• scarification tests.

General blood analysis
This analysis can be called routine, but it often orients the attending physician towards the alleged group of diseases. With an allergic disease, the number of leukocytes will be moderately increased ( 12 - 15 * 10 ^9 ), and their largest fraction will be eosinophil cells ( more than 5%). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate will also be moderately increased to 15 - 25 mm/hour. These data are not specific to any allergen. Moreover, they can indicate with the same degree of probability the presence of helminths in the body.

General urine analysis
With proper urine sampling ( cleanly washed genitals and collection of a medium portion of urine in a sterile container) and good laboratory conditions this analysis can provide important information about the development of the allergic process. First of all, the level of protein will be increased, which indicates a general inflammatory process. The appearance of erythrocytes in the urine indicates the failure of the filtration function of the renal nephrons, which develops during inflammatory processes in this organ. Sometimes in the urine cylinders containing whole or dilapidated eosinophils are determined. Their finding indicates an allergic lesion of the renal tissue and the development of glomerulonephritis as a complication of milk allergy.

Blood chemistry
Given laboratory research acute phase proteins of inflammation will be increased ( C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, etc.). In addition, an increase in the number of immune complexes circulating in the blood will indicate the course of an allergic reaction.

Immunogram
The immunogram represents the ratio of different classes of immunoglobulins ( antibodies) circulating in the blood. An allergic reaction is characterized by the predominance of class E immunoglobulins, but sometimes there are allergic reactions that occur without their involvement.

Detection of lymphocytes and antibodies sensitized to milk proteins
This laboratory analysis is one of the most accurate basic analyzes that establishes a direct relationship between the consumption of milk and the development of an allergic process in a single individual. The accuracy of this analysis approaches 90%.

Scarifying tests
In addition to laboratory tests in allergology, the use of skin prick tests is often practiced. During their implementation, shallow scratches 0.5 - 1.0 cm long are made on the skin of the forearm or back, on which one drop of a different allergen is applied. Near each scratch, a brief designation of the allergen that was applied is inscribed with a pen. In the case of an allergy to milk, various proteins, fats and carbohydrates that are part of it are used separately as allergens. According to the latest data, milk contains about 25 antigens, each of which can provoke an allergic reaction. Across certain time an inflammatory shaft is formed around one or several scratches, which is larger in size than around the other scratches. This means that the body shows an allergic reaction to this component of milk.

Milk allergy treatment

Milk allergy treatment should be taken seriously. First of all, it is necessary to change the lifestyle in such a way as to completely exclude this allergen from the diet. Courses should be taken periodically preventive treatment aimed at reducing sensitization to milk. Finally, it is extremely important to provide assistance to the patient correctly and in a timely manner in the midst of an allergic reaction, since this often determines his future fate.

Drug treatment in the acute period of allergy

Allergy medications

Drug group	Elimination of symptoms	Mechanism of action	Representatives	Mode of application
Antihistamines	Rash, swelling, itching, shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness,	Termination of histamine synthesis and acceleration of its destruction processes in tissues	Gel:	1 - 2 times a day thin layer, outwardly
			Fenistil
			Tablets:	25 mg 3-4 times a day inside
			Suprastin
			clemastine	1 mg 2 times a day orally
			Loratidine	10 mg once a day orally
			Syrup:	10 mg once a day orally
			Loratidine
			Injections:	0.1% - 2 ml 1 - 2 times a day intramuscularly
			clemastine
Systemic corticosteroids	Rash, swelling, itching, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, cough, hoarseness, nasal congestion, ear congestion, abdominal pain		Injections:	4 - 8 mg 1 - 2 times a day intramuscularly
			Dexamethasone
Topical corticosteroids	Rash, swelling, itching, shortness of breath	Powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunosuppressive action	Ointment:	0.1% thin layer 1-2 times a day externally
			Advantan
			Spray:	200 - 400 mcg ( 1 - 2 poufs) 2 times a day, inhalation
			Budesonide
Mast cell membrane stabilizers	Edema, rash, itching, shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness	Increasing the excitability threshold of mast cell membranes	Tablets:	1 mg 2 times a day, by mouth
			Ketotifen
Systemic adrenomimetics	Dizziness, loss of balance, loss of consciousness	constriction blood vessels and strengthening of the heart	Injections:	0.1% - 1 - 2 ml intravenously slowly! During resuscitation
			Adrenalin
Local adrenomimetics	Nasal congestion	Powerful vasoconstrictor action, edema reduction	Nasal drops:	0.1% 2 - 3 drops 4 times a day, intranasally
			Xylometazoline
Bronchodilators	Dyspnea	Constriction of the blood vessels of the bronchi and relaxation of the muscles of their wall	Spray:	1 - 2 puffs ( 0.1 - 0.2 mg) not more than 1 time in 4 - 6 hours, inhalation
			Salbutamol
			Injections:	2.4% - 5 ml in 5 - 10 ml of physiological saline, intravenously slowly!
			Eufillin
Local anesthetics	Cough, itching	Increased excitability threshold of nerve receptors	Gel:	5% thin layer 1 - 2 times a day, externally; 0.3 g 3-4 times a day inside
			Drops:
			Benzocaine
Antispasmodics	Vomiting, abdominal pain	Relaxation of smooth muscles	Injections:	2% 1 - 2 ml 2 - 4 times a day intramuscularly
			Papaverine
			Drotaverine	1% 2 - 4 ml 1 - 3 times a day intramuscularly
Antidiarrheals	Diarrhea	Acceleration of reabsorption of fluid from the intestinal lumen	Capsules:	4 - 8 mg per day, by mouth
			loperamide
Eubiotics	Diarrhea	Restoration of normal microflora in dysbacteriosis in chronic allergy sufferers	Capsules:	1 capsule 2 times a day, orally
			subtil
Enzyme preparations	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Compensation of missing intestinal and pancreatic enzymes in chronic allergy sufferers	Tablets:	1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day, inside
			Festal
			Mezim	1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day, inside
Cholagogue	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Elimination of bile deficiency in chronic allergy sufferers	Tablets:	1 tablet 2 - 3 times a day, inside
			Holiver

Hyposensitization of the body

The treatment of allergies by the method of desensitization and hyposensitization was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century and has not changed significantly since then. There are two approaches. The first one is practically not used due to the high risk to the patient's life and dubious effectiveness. It consists in the fact that a concentrated solution of the same allergen is intravenously injected into the body of a patient with an allergy to milk or to a certain component of it. Contrary to expectations, an allergic reaction does not develop due to the fact that the immune system is paralyzed for some time by a large amount of foreign antigen. The disadvantage of this method is that an error associated with an incorrect calculation of the dose of the allergen can lead to the development of anaphylactic shock, from which it is not always possible to get the patient out even if the necessary medicines are available. In case of success, the effect, as a rule, is not very long and the body's sensitization to milk is restored.

The second approach is more practical and most commonly used. According to the author, this method is called "hyposensitization according to Bezredko". Its principle is to regularly intravenous administration a patient with an allergy to milk a small dose of a solution containing the allergen. The dose of the allergen should be such that, on the one hand, it provokes a weak response of the immune system, and on the other hand, it does not lead the patient into anaphylactic shock. As treatment progresses, the dose is gradually increased until the patient can consume the pure product. This method is more often used for allergies to substances, contact with which cannot be limited without compromising the quality of life of the patient ( dust, gasoline, etc.). Milk is a product that can be painlessly removed from the diet and replaced by other products with a similar composition. Therefore, this method is rarely used, despite the fact that it shows good results. With an allergy to one component of milk, a complete cure occurs in 90% of patients. With an allergy to two or more components, the effectiveness is reduced to 60%.

Lifestyle

Since milk is not vital necessary product nutrition, it can be easily replaced with other products with a similar chemical composition that will not cause allergies. Therefore, the patient is required to comply with the only rule - the complete exclusion of milk and dairy products from the diet.

It is important to remember that even after many years of preventive treatment, when, it would seem, the allergy is completely cured, contact with milk should not be allowed. The first contact after a long break will not cause a violent allergic reaction due to the fact that over time the titer of antibodies to milk will decrease many times over. However, after a few days, the immune system will develop new antibodies, and upon repeated contact with milk, the allergic reaction will be much more pronounced.

It is also recommended, along with the allergen, to exclude from the diet foods rich in histamine and those that have an increased histamine-releasing effect. These foods include strawberries, citrus fruits, legumes, sauerkraut, nuts, and coffee.

Prevention of milk allergy

In some cases, milk allergy can be prevented. In this case we are talking on maternal behavior during pregnancy and lactation and its impact on fetal development. In the case when an allergy to milk has already manifested itself, there is nothing left but to minimize the contact of the body with this substance.

What do we have to do?

• During pregnancy, drink milk no more than 2 times a week, 1 glass per dose;
• Exclude from the diet foods containing a large amount of histamine;
• Instead of milk, use fermented milk products;
• Exclude industrial canning products from the diet;
• Introduce complementary foods later than expected if the family has relatives with allergic diseases;
• Periodically take preventive courses of treatment for allergies;
• Provide yourself and close relatives with a first aid kit for allergies;
• Restore the lack of substances present in milk by taking additional vitamins and microelements;
• Receive antihelminthic treatment once or twice a year.

What should be avoided?

• Late attachment of the newborn to the breast;
• Failure of the hypoallergenic diet in the mother;
• Early artificial feeding;
• stressful situations;
• Prolonged course of intestinal disorders and dysbacteriosis;
• Aggressive environmental factors;
• Uncontrolled intake of immunostimulants.

Allergy to lactic acid

Almost every food product contains certain beneficial substances and acids. But it often happens that an allergy to acid is inherent, regardless of what kind of food we are talking about. Allergy sufferers know that in order to limit themselves from an acid allergy attack, you need to constantly carry antihistamines. But it is worth considering the fact that in this case we are talking about the symptoms of food allergies, because. the acid to which, in fact, an allergic reaction may occur, is contained in specific foods.

There are quite a lot of acids that are produced by our body and that we consume from the outside. But the main acids that a person tends to consume are as follows:

• Folic acid - can cause asthma, causes eczema and dermatitis;
• Omega-3 fatty acids;
• A nicotinic acid;
• Salicylic acid;
• Lemon acid;
• Hyaluronic acid;
• Vitamin C;
• Lactic acid.

Acid Allergy Symptoms

In general, the acids to which allergies can occur can be listed for a long time, but their essence lies in one thing, they cause redness of the skin, the appearance of blisters, pimples on it, they can cause asthma, and in case of serious allergic reactions, even anaphylactic shock. If you want to protect yourself from an allergy to acid, then products that contain these acids are best excluded from the diet without any regret and not used in any other form.

Do not worry about the fact that if you have symptoms of an allergy to acid, you will have to constantly limit yourself in nutrition. Due to the renewal of blood cells, the body can eventually get rid of the acid allergy. Therefore, from time to time in small quantities, you can try to use acids, because without them the ability of the body to work is seriously reduced. Although if you feel that certain products nutrition only cause an exacerbation - in order not to cause an allergy, it is better not to take risks and do without them.

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Allergy to lactic acid

Lactic acid is used to gently but at the same time deeply cleanse the pores of the face and give the skin an almost perfect surface. cosmetic properties which were opened not so long ago. It is formed in the muscles during the breakdown of glucose, which is the main fuel resource for the body.

Of the products, this substance is found in sour milk, fermented wine and beer, sauerkraut. V pure form you can buy at a pharmacy, you can easily buy various cosmetics containing lactic acid, or pamper your skin with a course of cabbage or milk masks.

Beneficial features

Like other acids, lactic acid effectively exfoliates the upper, already dead, layer of the dermis and cleanses the pores. But this is not its only useful property in terms of cosmetology.

In fact, this unique substance can work wonders even with the most neglected skin. Any (home and store) products with lactic acid for the face are capable, with regular and competent use:

• exfoliate dead skin cells;
• renew cells;
• even out the relief of the skin;
• smooth out shallow wrinkles;
• evenly distribute melanin, whitening the face from age spots;
• remove toxins and free radicals from pores;
• protect from temperature extremes, frost, wind, ultraviolet radiation, sea salt and other harmful effects atmosphere and environment;
• control the level of production of subcutaneous fat;
• moisturize.

In order for lactic acid for facial skin to turn out to be an elixir of youth and beauty and to prove itself as efficiently as possible, you need to be able to use it strictly for its intended purpose. For example, young girls under 30 who do not have obvious problems with the epidermis should hardly seek help from this unique substance. Follow the indications and contraindications - and the result will not be long in coming.

through the pages of history. Lactic acid was discovered in 1780 by Carl Scheele, a Swedish chemist.

We can say that lactic acid for the face has not only cosmetic, but also medicinal properties. Therefore, there are two areas of application of products with its content: cosmetology and dermatology. It is usually recommended to use it to fix the following problems:

• oily skin suffering from excessive greasy shine;
• peeling, dryness;
• stretch marks;
• acne and blackheads;
• enlarged, clogged pores;
• sagging and wrinkles;
• age after 35 years;
• reduced skin tone;
• increased pigmentation;
• uneven relief of the epidermis.

Ladies of Balzac age should definitely adopt lactic acid as an ideal cosmetologist for mature, aging skin that requires special attention and additional care. True, not everyone will be able to enjoy its action, since this substance is characterized by rapid permeability and sufficient aggressiveness. Accordingly, in some diseases it can cause a number of side effects.

Hypothesis. According to one version, the famous beauty mask from Queen Cleopatra included not just milk, but sour milk. Then such a pronounced effect of rejuvenation after it is quite clear.

Contraindications

Having learned about the miracles that lactic acid does with the skin, it is worth studying the list of contraindications for starters. Otherwise, you run the risk of becoming covered with a rash or swelling after applying products with this aggressive substance to your face. It cannot be used in the following cases:

• individual intolerance;
• herpes in the acute stage;
• open scratches, unhealed injuries, wounds;
• cold;
• rosacea;
• inflammatory processes on the face;
• diabetes;
• oncology.

Ignoring these tips often leads to the most disastrous results. But if nothing scared you, finally proceed to study the instructions for use and pamper your tired skin with such an effective rejuvenating and cleansing agent.

Keep in mind! skin allergy for lactic acid is a very common phenomenon, so do not forget to pre-test purchased or prepared products.

Application rules

mask from sauerkraut or sour milk can easily be done at home each. Everyone knows how to use a pharmacy (store) cream or scrub. But what to do if you purchased a solution of lactic acid in a pharmacy and want to use it to prepare a miracle elixir? Follow useful advice from cosmetologists, without missing a single nuance and constantly remembering the rather strong aggressiveness of this remedy.

1. For facial care, purchase a 40% solution. 80% is too high concentration.
2. Sold in the form of a liquid, which, if it comes into contact with the skin in its pure form, can cause a burn, although in some it causes only redness.
3. Dilute with water in equal proportions.
4. First, apply to the inner bend of the elbow, analyze the reaction - whether there will be an allergy.
5. After that, apply to the problem area of ​​the face.
6. For the first time - for 5 minutes. If the results are pleasing, then you can leave longer, but no more than 10 minutes.
7. To remove it from the face, just wash your face.
8. Then apply a soothing cream to the skin.

Having decided on the independent use of this substance for skin care without the recommendations of a specialist, be extremely careful. You are the only one responsible for any side effects. It is much safer to sign up to a salon where lactic acid is actively used for facial peeling along with other fruit acids. Effective and store and home remedies based on it. So think before you risk your own skin.

Little secret. Summer with its ultraviolet is not the best time of the year for the use of such cosmetic products. Leave them for the winter.

Clinical picture

What doctors say about antihistamines

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Emelyanov G.V. Medical practice: more than 30 years.
Practical medical experience: more than 30 years

According to the latest WHO data, it is allergic reactions in the human body that lead to the occurrence of most deadly diseases. And it all starts with the fact that a person has an itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, red spots on the skin, in some cases suffocation.

7 million people die every year due to allergies, and the scale of the lesion is such that the allergic enzyme is present in almost every person.

Unfortunately, in Russia and the CIS countries, pharmacy corporations sell expensive drugs that only relieve symptoms, thereby putting people on one drug or another. That is why in these countries there is such a high percentage of diseases and so many people suffer from "non-working" drugs.

Lactic Acid Facials

The last step is to decide whether you will splurge on the purchase of a store-bought cleanser with lactic acid or will you prepare homemade masks with sour milk and sauerkraut. Both will please you equally.

In stores, you can look for the following well-established mask:

• Collagen Milk / Bath Mask (anti-aging mask with collagen and lactic acid) from Madame Heng (Thailand).

At home, you can also cook something like this:

1. Squeeze sauerkraut from juice and apply on face for 10 minutes.
2. Mix sour milk with oatmeal to a creamy state and keep on the skin for at least 15 minutes.

Any and store, and home mask with lactic acid is good because it comes into contact with the epidermis for a long time, managing to saturate it with all the useful substances.

For daily rejuvenation and cleansing, you can use a cream with lactic acid for the face, but its preparation at home is troublesome, and sometimes dangerous, so it is better to purchase such products in stores. Check out the following brands:

• Medi-Refine - Face & Body (Smoothing Cream with L-Retinol and Lactic Acid) from the USA;
• Kart Medicare Lactic Cream from Israel;
• Lactic microdermabrasion peeling cream (peeling cream for micro-skin resurfacing) from Theraderm (Korea).

Creams are good because they allow in small quantities, but daily pamper the skin with micro-cleansing of pores with lactic acid. Results are usually noticeable immediately.

From store funds, pay attention to the following:

• NL Facial peeling scrub with lactic acid and allantoin from New Line (Russia);
• peeling Milk mousse from Premium (Russia);
• Lactopiling for the face from Belita-Vitex (Belarus).

As for homemade scrubs, you can cook them according to the following recipes:

1. Mix squeezed sauerkraut with coarse sea salt, rub over face, rinse.
2. Sour milk is mixed in small quantities with coarse-grained curd and used as a scrub.

Cleansing - main function lactic acid as a cosmetic product. Therefore, be sure to use scrubs based on it to care for your skin.

If creams are best purchased in stores, then a lactic acid face tonic is much easier to prepare with your own hands in accordance with the following recipes.

1. Wipe the skin daily with juice squeezed from sauerkraut - this is the best homemade tonic.
2. Before going to bed, you can wipe the skin with sour milk - toning will turn out amazing.

Lactic acid is a unique cosmetic product that not only effectively cleanses, but also rejuvenates the skin. With its proper use at home, the epidermis blooms, a number of problems are eliminated in the most short time. If you are not sure that you can use such products on your own, contact the salon: they make excellent peels based on this unique substance.

Allergy to lactic acid

Food allergy to milk is a common occurrence, almost half of the people on the planet suffer from this disease. Despite the benefits of this product, indispensable for the body, many cannot drink it due to the clinical manifestations of an allergy to cow's milk protein.

Allergy to milk - how it manifests itself

On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, characteristic disorders are observed:

In a relationship skin Cow's milk allergy has the following symptoms:

• eczema;
• hives;
• itching, even in the throat and mouth;
• swelling of mucous membranes.

In some cases, noticeable signs and manifestations of milk allergy are completely absent or mild due to strong immunity.

It is worth noting that in addition to food allergy to cow's milk protein, there is its contact variety. Contact with the product on the skin causes redness and itching, sometimes with the formation of blisters.

The determining factor in this case is one of the milk proteins. Which of them is determined by the result of a blood test in the laboratory.

Distinguish between lactose intolerance and milk allergy. The latter disease is not completely cured, you can only avoid the manifestation of its symptoms, while lactase deficiency is completely curable with an appropriate integrated approach.

Interestingly, often in children and less often in adults, an allergy occurs only to powdered milk, while the whole is transferred normally. In this situation, the milk protein itself does not cause reactions, the reason lies in the interaction of the stabilization components of the dry mixture with air. Proteins and fats undergo irreversible changes, which are the provocateurs of allergies.

Allergy to milk - treatment

the only effective method The treatment for milk allergy is diet. It is necessary to replace all dairy products with animal protein with vegetable protein analogues. The following types of milk are great:

• soy, prepared from soybeans, very rich in minerals and vegetable proteins;
• coconut, used to prepare various dishes and sauces;
• almond, prepared from sweet almonds;
• oatmeal, rich in calcium and B vitamins, to improve the taste, honey or sugar is added to it;
• rice, has a beneficial effect on the digestive system and metabolism.

The following foods should be avoided in your diet:

• margarine;
• butter;
• sour cream;
• cream;
• yogurt;
• milk ice cream;
• any types of processed milk (skimmed, baked, skimmed, etc.);
• cottage cheese;
• serum;
• puddings;
• custard;
• chocolate;
• cracker, biscuit;
• dry breakfasts;
• dry mashed potatoes;
• oil sauces;
• dry broths;
• soup mixes.

In addition, it is important to pay attention to the composition of the purchased finished products. You should refuse a purchase if it contains the following components:

To compensate for the lack of calcium, you need to enrich the diet with the following foods:

During the diet, you can eat any kind of meat, except for veal. This is due to the fact that the calf receives a large amount of cow's milk during feeding, respectively, its body contains a large amount of the allergen - milk protein. Eating veal can cause the same allergic manifestations as after a glass of whole milk.

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A person suffering from an allergy to milk can be found infrequently. However, such people still exist. The reasons for the strange reaction of the body can not always be identified. However, in some cases it is possible to avoid the occurrence of an allergy to milk protein.

Symptoms

Everyone should know what he can eat and drink. Knowing the characteristics of your body will help to avoid unforeseen situations. An allergic reaction manifests itself at an early age.

Parents should take urgent measures to cure their child.

However, in some cases, people become aware of the problem in adulthood. It is possible that during childhood and adolescence they did not consume dairy products, or their consumption was insignificant. How does milk allergy manifest?

• Diarrhea. The protein in cow's milk can cause diarrhea. The manifestation of this symptom is typical for patients of childhood and adolescence. Diarrhea is characterized by liquid multiple stools (up to 10 times a day). The duration will depend on the individual characteristics of the organism;
• Cutting pain in abdomen. Sometimes an allergy to milk protein manifests itself in the form of a sharp pain in the abdomen. Unpleasant sensations do not have to end in diarrhea. Instead, the allergic person suffers from bloating and flatulence. The symptom is typical for children infancy. A child under two years old will not be able to report the occurrence of pain. Mom should carefully monitor the behavior of the baby. If the child has become whiny and nervous, intolerance to cow's protein or breast milk. The first meal can also cause pain;
• Vomit. The symptom can appear a few minutes after a person has drunk a certain amount of milk. The reflex is caused by contact of the allergen with the gastric mucosa. Vomiting may be a reaction to complementary foods;
• Rash. It is localized in the areas of the groin, back, abdomen and elbows. The redness often turns into watery blisters. The blisters cannot be opened under any circumstances. Open wound will be vulnerable to various infections;
• Itching. Milk allergy in adults and children often causes severe itching, which is not always accompanied by redness or a rash. Unpleasant sensations arise due to the fact that the allergen comes into contact with the skin, irritating the nerve endings. Itching may be a sign of another condition and may not indicate an allergic reaction to a dairy product.

Other manifestations of milk allergy are possible: the symptoms may differ depending on the physiology.

An allergic attack is often accompanied by stuffy ears, hoarseness, cough, shortness of breath, etc.

Causes

Experts identify a considerable number of reasons why there is an allergy to dairy products. Among the main ones are:

• Excessive consumption of milk during pregnancy. The attending physician may advise the expectant mother to consume fermented milk products in large quantities. Women and children need calcium. The pregnant woman begins to drink milk and yogurt in unlimited quantities, believing that this is good for her and the baby. In an organism weakened by pregnancy, the enzyme for the breakdown of dairy products does not have time to be produced in sufficient quantities. Most of the unsplit substance is absorbed unchanged. Such nutrition of the expectant mother leads to the fact that the first feeding of the baby is accompanied by an allergic reaction;
• hereditary predisposition. Allergy to cow protein can be inherited. This predisposition is rare. It is typical for some ethnic groups. Nomads live in the northern Siberian regions, in whose body there is practically no enzyme for protein breakdown. Genetic analysis shows that this feature is inherited. Probably the ancestors of these people did not eat dairy products;
• Features of immunity. An allergy to cow's milk protein can manifest itself in people with impaired development of the immune system, the cells of which actively respond to the most minor stimuli. When a person drinks milk, the protein is recognized by the body as a "foreign body";
• Late breastfeeding. It is necessary to attach a newborn to the breast already in the first 2 hours after birth. Thus, the baby's body quickly adapts to an unfamiliar substance. in children who from the first hours of life were taught to mother's milk, usually do not appear;
• Early artificial feeding. Feeding your baby too early with artificial mixtures can lead to allergic reactions. Modern moms believe that the protein mixture has more nutrients, such as proteins. Women do not always have the opportunity to eat properly while breastfeeding. The artificial product has everything a child needs. The main drawback is the absence of antibodies that mother's milk contains.

Development mechanism

An allergy to cow's milk protein goes through several stages of development:

1. immune reactions. This is the first stage that the body goes through when it first comes into contact with the allergen. Cow's milk stimulates the immune system to aggressive action. The reaction of the body can be caused by 25 antigens. If the milk is heat treated, the antigens will be destroyed. Heat treatment also destroys harmful microorganisms.
2. biochemical reactions. For many allergy sufferers, this stage manifested itself during the second contact with the allergen. Usually, at this stage, the patient develops symptoms that occur with an allergy to milk: itching, redness, etc.
3. Clinical manifestations. This is the body's reaction to an allergen that has penetrated into it. Allergy to cow's milk leads to the production of biologically active substances. Clinical manifestations will depend on the amount of the allergen. The consequences can be very serious. Drinking milk can result in anaphylactic shock. In some cases, the symptoms that occur do not directly indicate an allergy. Headache usually not associated with allergic reactions. Meanwhile, it is she who can become the first sign that an allergen has entered the body.

Diet for an allergy sufferer

• An allergy diet does not involve the complete exclusion of dairy products from the diet. This is an extreme measure. It is used by people in whom drinking milk causes anaphylactic shock. A bunch of essential trace elements do not get milk allergy sufferers: how to replace one of the most useful products not everyone knows. Experts are sure that the diet for allergies excludes cow's milk, since it is considered the strongest allergen;
• There is no single answer to the question of whether boiled milk can be consumed. There is no point in asking doctors to ban or allow a “dangerous” drink. You can try to drink a small amount at home and wait for the reaction of the body. People don't always expose the drink heat treatment. This is especially true for residents of rural areas;
• Allergy sufferers who do not know how to replace milk can try fermented milk products. Allergens in them contain much less than in the drink itself. Kefir, fermented baked milk, condensed milk rarely provoke inadequate reactions. If the milk is condensed, it should be consumed in small quantities due to the high sugar content;
• From the diet, you need to exclude foods containing histamine in large quantities. Among the potentially dangerous are nuts, legumes, citrus fruits, strawberries, coffee and sauerkraut;
• When asked if milk can be replaced by other products, most experts answer that it can. It is enough to choose a product similar to chemical composition. Thus, a person will receive all the necessary trace elements and vitamins.

Some allergy sufferers got rid of their problem already in adulthood. However, it is much easier to avoid unpleasant states than thinking how to get rid of milk allergy. The predisposition to the problem often depends on the behavior of the mother during pregnancy and after childbirth. Tips for future and new mothers:

• If among close relatives there are people suffering from allergic reactions, the first complementary foods should be postponed to a later date;
• Use of certain drugs during pregnancy, whether antibiotics or probiotics, is possible only on the advice of your doctor. A group of drugs called immunostimulants is especially dangerous;
• Expectant mothers need to avoid exposure to aggressive environmental factors. If women get rid of their exposure in a timely manner, this reduces the risk of having a child prone to allergies;
• A pregnant woman should adhere to a hypoallergenic diet, which can be violated only in cases of emergency;
• Sometimes an allergy in a child becomes a consequence of the illness of the mother. Women want the disease to go away on its own. However, most of the time, the disease never goes away. And the result of such an irresponsible attitude to one's health can be the birth of a weakened, sickly baby.

A well-known proverb says: we are what we eat and drink. At the same time, a product that is useful for one person may be harmful for another. If you regularly consume the required amount of milk, this does not mean that your body will receive the right portion of calcium.

Your diet must be formed not only taking into account generally accepted requirements. It is necessary to take into account your own physiological characteristics.

An allergy to dairy products is a kind of body protest aimed at milk casein and protein. There are several types of allergies regarding dairy products, for example, one person does not tolerate only cow's milk, but he has goat or sheep's milk. normal reaction; the other person is intolerant of anything that has to do with dairy products in general, including butter and ice cream.

Some believe that allergies to dairy products and backlash for lactose is the same. But, this is an erroneous opinion, as in the latter case, the body is not able to digest milk sugar. Lactose intolerance is characterized by completely different symptoms that have nothing to do with allergic reactions, for example, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as flatulence.

What foods are contraindicated for milk allergy:

• milk: skimmed, whole, baked, skimmed, dry, condensed; cream;
• sour cream and similar foodstuffs;
• cheeses (hard, processed, soy, vegetarian and all others), cottage cheese, whey;
• yogurt, pudding, custard;
• cookies, including crackers;
• dry breakfasts, bread and chocolate;
• dishes cooked in oil. Immediately: mashed potatoes and sauces;
• soups in bags.

In addition, it is necessary to control that the products in their composition do not contain:

• milk: pasteurized, whole or powdered;
• milk protein, casein, caseinate, lactic acid, lactose, lactalbumin, albumin;
• whey (and dry too), whey protein;
• oil (in any form, and ghee), oil flavorings;
• renin, noooo.

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Causes of dairy allergy

Allergy to dairy products, like other types of allergies, is usually inherited, more precisely, it is not the allergic reaction itself that is transmitted, but the predisposition to it. Namely: completely different allergens can provoke allergies in children and their parents. The percentage chance that children can inherit allergies from their parents is 50%, rising to 75% if both parents suffer from allergies.

Basically, an allergy does not immediately betray its existence, that is, at the first use of a product that is an allergen, the body does not show a certain reaction - resistance, immediately a rash, redness of the skin or its other manifestations. This happens for the reason that an allergy to dairy products, as well as to other components, can manifest itself depending on the sensitivity of the nominal system, that is, a reaction to an allergen is possible even at the first contact of the body with an influencing factor or after its repeated influence on organism. An allergic reaction to dairy products can also occur in infancy and in old age.

Symptoms of a dairy allergy

An allergy to dairy products can manifest itself with all sorts of symptoms, and their duration can also vary: a few minutes - a few hours after exposure to the allergen on the body. The period and type of reaction to an allergen does not depend on age signs, that is, children and adults can suffer the same symptoms.

So, let's take a closer look at the intervals and types of allergic reactions to food, including dairy products.

• anaphylaxis or anaphylactic reaction - an interval of time, starting from the use of the product, ending with an allergic reaction, the body's reaction occurs - anaphylactic shock. Its symptoms occur both momentarily and within an hour after exposure to the allergen. Cases have been recorded when the eliminated symptoms return after a while. It should be remembered that the initial symptoms progress over time;
• asthma. Many residents of our country are familiar with this reaction, since it is also provoked by “modern” ecology, but this is not the point now. Asthma, in this case, is an exacerbation that is generated by the allergy itself to any food. It is defined by such symptoms: shortness of breath, including shortness of breath; cough. Unfortunately, such signs are most often characteristic of children, even infants;
• atopic dermatitis or eczema is a disease related to dermatology, the signs of which are: skin redness, itching. The appearance of such symptoms is due to the reaction of the body to a food allergen, in our version, to a product containing a milk (or milk) component (protein, casein);
• urticaria - also from a series of skin diseases, which is the most common among allergic reactions. In this case, red blisters appear on the surface of the skin, which have the ability to appear and disappear. In this case, a person experiences unbearable itching on the affected areas of the skin. As for the affected areas of the skin, the location can change and increase, that is, the blisters that appear in one place can go to other areas of the skin. Most blisters occur in groups;
• allergies can also be manifested by reactions associated with the gastrointestinal tract, for example, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. Some people even have edematous formations in the oral cavity.

An allergy to dairy products is no joke, as serious reactions of the body are possible. Especially, it is dangerous during pregnancy, because the woman's immunity during this period is already weakened the way the body tolerates hormonal changes. In addition, the fetus in the womb of a woman is also under the influence allergic syndromes. Therefore, you should not wait until the disease manifests itself in all its glory, you should definitely contact an allergist and follow diets that exclude allergen-containing foods.

Dairy allergy diagnosis

Before moving on to this question, let's look at the list of doctors who are involved in the diagnosis of food allergies (allergy to dairy products inclusive), and, accordingly, its treatment:

• allergist - a specialist who deals with autoimmune diseases, allergic manifestations;
• gastroenterologist - an option for those who have an allergic reaction associated with the gastrointestinal tract, for example, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, etc.;
• dermatologist - analyzes any skin processes, including an allergic reaction;
• an immunologist, sometimes has a more combined specialization: an allergist-immunologist. He is engaged, as the name of the medical profession already implies, in the study of the immune system and its response to an allergen;
• neonatologist - a doctor who treats babies specifically;
• otorhinolaryngologist or ENT - popularly referred to as - ear, throat, nose;
• pulmonologist - diagnoses and treats the respiratory system. For example, if a person has an allergic reaction - asthma, then this doctor is just what you need.

As we have already discussed above, a dairy allergy can manifest itself with various symptoms and for different dairy dairy products (only cow's milk or all dishes of dairy components). It is for this reason that the doctor, regardless of the type of specialization, conducts a survey of the patient, namely, asks questions about the symptoms and what the patient ate before the allergic process occurred. The number of foods consumed and the time interval between meals and the allergic symptoms that have arisen are also taken into account. If the allergic reaction is related to dermatology, then skin tests are carried out - an immunoglobulin test that allows you to identify a food allergen. Among other things, this test, another name for which is the RAST test, allows you to determine serious illness, eczema and psoriasis inclusive. In addition to skin tests, a blood test is taken, where the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) is analyzed. A blood test is given for any symptoms and allergic reactions to any products.

Treatment of dairy allergy

Here we come to the very important aspect solutions to the problem associated with allergic processes. So, an allergy to dairy products, like any other allergy, requires the immediate exclusion of a provoking factor, that is, we have milk and dairy products.

The drugs and type of therapy depends primarily on what symptoms are characteristic of the patient. For instance:

Epinefin is an option for extreme cases such as anaphylaxis. Its properties are that the drug acts as a bronchodilator that expands the respiratory tubes; there is a reduction in blood cells (which increase blood pressure) in a quantitative sense. In case of anaphylactic shock, the patient needs urgent hospitalization. There is also respiratory therapy, consisting of:

• endotracheal intubation, which means - insertion of a special tube mouth - nasal passage - airway;
• tracheostomy - the trachea is cut, where a tube is then inserted. The same process is carried out with conicotomy.

Allergic people who are susceptible to anaphylactic shock should always carry with them a drug prescribed by a doctor in advance - an auto-injector with "Epinephrine", which, in the event of this reaction to an allergen, is injected into the thigh alone or with the help of another person.

An allergic process (not as complex as in the above case) related to respiratory properties eliminated with the help of inhaled bronchodilators, which can be:

• medicines that contain anticholinergic Ipratropium bromide, for example, Atrovent, Atrovent N, Ipratropium Steri-Neb;
• drugs consisting of the anticholinergic Tiotropium bromide, for example, Spiriva, Spiriva Respimat;
• preparations that include the adrenomimetic Salbutamol, for example, Ventolin, Ventolin Nebula, Salamol Eco, Salbutamol, Salgim, Saltos;
• funds where the main component is the adrenomimetic Fenoterol, namely: "Berotek", "Partusisten";
• the adrenomimetic Formoterol is contained in the following medications: Oxys Turbuhaler, Foradil, Atimos, Formoterol Easyhaler;
• adrenomimetic Indacaterol - "Onbrez Breezhaler", "Onbrez Breezhaler";
• preparations consisting of a combination of:
  • adrenomimetics Salbutamol and anticholinergic Ipratropium, for example, "Ipramol Steri-Neb";
  • adrenomimetics Fenoterol and anticholinergic Ipratropium, for example, "Berodual";
  • adrenomimetics Formoterol and glucocorticoid Budesonide: Symbicort Turbuhaler, Foradil Combi;
  • adrenomimetics Salmeterol and glucocorticoid Fluticasone: "Seretide", "Tevacomb";
  • adrenomimetics Formoterol (Formoterol) and glucocorticoid Beclomethasone: "Foster".

Skin symptoms are treated with a corticosteroid cream or ointment. The name of these drugs depends on the type of skin reaction, for example, in the case of eczema, the doctor may prescribe Polcortolone, Fluorocort or another drug, in more serious cases - Dermovate, Celestoderm B.

Allergy to dairy food folk remedies not cured, because, anaphylactic shock (for example) - only hospitalization; asthma is a dangerous thing, and resorting to herbal teas is extremely dangerous. In case of asthma, but as a preventive measure, you can inhale the vapors potato broth. To do this, potatoes in their uniforms are boiled (5 - 6 potatoes). The pan, together with the contents, is placed on a hard surface. The patient assumes a position in such a way that his head is in direct proportion to the pot. At the same time, his head is covered with a cloth (towel) so as to cover the pot with potatoes itself, so that the steam does not evaporate. Skin reactions treat folk methods it is also not recommended because the patient does not know the reaction of his skin to a particular type of plant. Most often, in this case, decoctions from yarrow, celandine or succession are used for external use.

Prevention of allergy to dairy products

Most best advice on this occasion - the absolute absence of dairy products, if you are really allergic to dairy products. The exclusion of the allergen does not mean a complete recovery of the body, but at least in this way the allergic reaction itself can be avoided. Without fail, before buying something in the store, you should read the labels, which indicate the contents of the ingredients. In the very first section of the same article, we examined the components that provoke an allergic reaction. And, no matter how much you want a sandwich with butter or cheese, you need to be able to tame your desires, because allergies can gain momentum, that is, develop, and its symptoms can become more serious, including anaphylactic shock.