Aquadetrim vitamin D3 is an antirachitic drug.

The active ingredient of the drug Aquadetrim is colecalciferol (vitamin D3) - a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Synthetic colecalciferol is identical to the endogenous one, which is formed in the body under the influence of sunlight.

Colecalciferol in the Aquadetrim preparation has more pronounced physiological activity compared to ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Under the influence of the drug, the metabolism of calcium and phosphates in the human body is normalized. This promotes proper formation bone skeleton and preservation of structure bone tissue.

Instructions for medical use medicine Aquadetrim vitamin D3

Trade name

Aquadetrim vitamin D3

International nonproprietary name

Colecalciferol

Dosage form

Oral drops 15,000 IU/ml

Compound

1 ml of solution (30 drops) contains

active substance - cholecalciferol 15,000 IU,

excipients: macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate, sucrose (250 mg), sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, citric acid monohydrate, anise flavor, benzyl alcohol (15 mg), purified water.

Description

Colorless, transparent or slightly opalescent liquid with an anise odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Vitamins. Vitamin D and its derivatives.

ATS code A11CC 05

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

An aqueous solution of vitamin D3 is better absorbed than an oil solution (which is important when used in premature infants). After oral administration, cholecalciferol is absorbed in the small intestine by passive diffusion of 50 to 80% of the dose.

Absorption - rapid (in the distal small intestine), enters lymphatic system, enters the liver and the general bloodstream. In the blood it binds to alpha2-globulins and partially to albumins. Accumulates in the liver, bones, skeletal muscles, kidneys, adrenal glands, myocardium, adipose tissue. TCmax (period of maximum concentration) in tissues is 4-5 hours, then the concentration of the drug decreases slightly, remaining at a constant level for a long time. In the form of polar metabolites, it is localized mainly in the membranes of cells and microsomes, mitochondria and nuclei. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted breast milk.

Deposited in the liver.

Metabolized in the liver and kidneys: in the liver it is converted into an inactive metabolite calcifediol (25-dihydrocholecalciferol), in the kidneys - from calcifediol it is converted into an active metabolite calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and an inactive metabolite 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Subject to enterohepatic recirculation.

Vitamin D and its metabolites are excreted in the bile, and a small amount is excreted in the kidneys. Cumulates.

Pharmacodynamics

Aquadetrim vitamin D3 is an antirachitic drug. Most important function Aquadetrim vitamin D3 regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphate, which promotes mineralization and skeletal growth. Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D, which is formed in humans in the skin under the influence of sunlight. Plays a significant role in the absorption of calcium and phosphates from the intestine, in transport mineral salts and during the process of bone calcification, it also regulates the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate by the kidneys. Calcium ions are involved in a number of important biochemical processes that determine the maintenance of muscle tone skeletal muscles, in the conduction of nervous stimulation, in the process of blood clotting. Aquadetrim vitamin D3 stimulates the production of lymphokines.

Indications for use of the drug Aquadetrim vitamin D3

Prevention and treatment:

Hypo- and avitaminosis of vitamin D (states of increased need for vitamin D in the body due to nephrogenic osteopathy, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition, malabsorption syndrome, insufficient insolation, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, renal failure, liver cirrhosis, pregnancy and lactation)

Hypocalcemic tetany

Osteomalacia and bone diseases with metabolic disorders (hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism)

As part of complex therapy

Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Rickets-like diseases

Method of administration and dosage of the drug Aquadetrim vitamin D3

The drug is taken orally with a small amount of liquid

1 drop contains about 500 IU of vitamin D3.

Preventive doses of Aquadetrim vitamin D3:

full-term newborns from 4 weeks of life to 2-3 years of life with proper care and sufficient stay on fresh air- 500 IU (1 drop) per day;

premature newborns from 4 weeks of life, as well as twins, infants in poor living conditions - 1000 IU (2 drops) per day for one year. IN summer time years, you can limit the dose to 500 IU (1 drop) per day. The duration of therapy is up to 2-3 years of life;

pregnant women - a daily dose of 500 IU of vitamin D3 for the entire period of pregnancy, or 1000 IU/day from the 28th week of pregnancy;

For postmenopausal women - 500 - 1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day, for 2-3 years, the doctor decides on the need for repeated courses of therapy.

Therapeutic doses of Aquadetrim vitamin D3:

for rickets, start with 2000 IU for 3-5 days, then, if well tolerated, the dose is increased to an individual dose therapeutic dose 2000 - 5000 IU (4-10 drops) daily, most often 3000 IU, depending on the severity of rickets (I, II, or III) and the course of the disease, for 4-6 weeks, under close monitoring clinical condition and research biochemical parameters(calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase) blood and urine. A dose of 5000 IU is prescribed only for pronounced bone changes.

If necessary, after a one-week break, you can repeat the course of treatment. Treatment is carried out until a clear therapeutic effect, followed by a transition to a prophylactic dose of 500 - 1500 IU/day. The duration of the course of treatment and prevention is determined by the doctor;

for rickets-like diseases, 10,000 - 20,000 IU per day (20 - 40 drops), depending on age, weight and severity of the disease, under the control of biochemical blood parameters and urine analysis. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks. The doctor decides about the need for repeated courses of therapy;

for osteomalacia and postmenopausal osteoporosis as part of complex therapy, 500 - 1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day.

The dosage is usually prescribed taking into account the amount of vitamin D supplied in other foods.

Side effects of the drug Aquadetrim vitamin D3

In the case of a rarely noted individual hypersensitivity to vitamin D3 or as a result of using too high doses over a long period, hypervitaminosis D3 may occur:

Mental disorders, including depression

Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation

Headaches, muscle and joint pain

Weight loss

Polyuria

Increased calcium levels in the blood and urine

Kidney stone formation and soft tissue calcification

Contraindications to Aquadetrim vitamin D3

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, especially benzyl alcohol

Hypervitaminosis D

Liver and kidney failure

Elevated levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and urine

Calcium kidney stones

Sarcoidosis

Neonatal period up to 4 weeks

Drug interactions

Antiepileptic drugs, rifampicin, cholestyramine, reduce the reabsorption of vitamin D3.

Use simultaneously with thiazide diuretics increases the risk of hypercalcemia.

Concomitant use with cardiac glycosides may enhance their toxic effect(increases the risk of heart rhythm disturbances).

The toxic effect is weakened by vitamin A, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, thiamine, riboflavin.
Under the influence of barbiturates (including phenobarbital), phenytoin and primidone, the need for colecalciferol can significantly increase (increase the metabolic rate).
Long-term therapy with the simultaneous use of aluminum and magnesium-containing antacids increases their concentration in the blood and the risk of intoxication (especially in the presence of chronic renal failure).
Calcitonin, derivatives of etidronic and pamidronic acids, plicamycin, gallium nitrate and glucocorticosteroids reduce the effect.
Cholestyramine, colestipol and mineral oils reduce absorption in the gastrointestinal tract fat-soluble vitamins and require increasing their dosage.
Increases the absorption of phosphorus-containing drugs and the risk of hyperphosphatemia. When used simultaneously with sodium fluoride, the interval between doses should be at least 2 hours; with oral forms of tetracyclines - at least 3 hours.
Concomitant use with other vitamin D analogues increases the risk of developing hypervitaminosis.

Special instructions

Avoid overdose of Aquadetrim vitamin D3.

Individual provision of a specific need must take into account all possible sources of this vitamin.

Too high doses of vitamin D3, used for a long time or loading doses, may be the cause of chronic hypervitaminosis D3.

Determining a child’s daily need for vitamin D and the method of its use should be determined by a doctor individually and each time subject to correction during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life.

Use cautiously in immobilized patients.

Do not use calcium supplements simultaneously with vitamin D3. high doses.

Treatment is carried out under periodic monitoring of the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and urine.

Caution is required when prescribing the drug to persons old age, since in this category of people calcium deposition in the lungs, kidneys and blood vessels increases.

Use with caution in people with diabetes.

Pregnancy and lactation period

During pregnancy, Vitamin D3 should not be used in high doses of 2,000 IU due to the possibility of teratogenic effects in case of overdose.

Vitamin D3 should be prescribed with caution during lactation, since the drug taken in high doses by the mother can cause overdose symptoms in the child.

Features of the drug's influence on the ability to drive

vehicle or potentially dangerous machinery

Does not affect

Overdose of Aquadetrim vitamin D3

Symptoms: anxiety, thirst, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, intestinal colic, polyuria. Frequent symptoms are headaches, muscle and joint pain, mental disorders, including depression, stupor, ataxia and progressive weight loss. Renal dysfunction develops with albinuria, erythrocyturia and polyuria, increased potassium loss, hyposthenuria, nocturia and increased blood pressure. In severe cases, clouding of the cornea may occur, less commonly swelling of the optic nerve papilla, inflammation of the iris, and even the development of cataracts. Kidney stones may form, and soft tissue calcification occurs, including blood vessels, heart, lungs and skin. Cholestatic jaundice rarely develops.

For good health To ensure normal health, a person must consume vitamins and other beneficial substances every day. Vitamin D, also called calciferol, enters the body with food and is also formed in the skin under the influence of solar radiation. Calciferol deficiency is diagnosed in adults and children who do not walk much in the sun, eat poorly, as well as in residents of northern countries, where sunny days. For patients with severe hypovitaminosis, doctors often prescribe liquid vitamin D. The dosage of the drug and the course of administration are determined by medical specialist.

The benefits of vitamin D for the human body

The vitamin is involved in the metabolism of minerals and promotes the accumulation of calcium in bone and dental tissue. Calciferol is also necessary to maintain the functioning of muscle fibers and immune system. Without vitamins, minerals cannot be absorbed in the intestines and are completely excreted from the body in the urine. Vitamin D is important for the proper functioning of the heart muscle and thyroid gland, normalization of blood pressure and blood clotting. Even with a low content of the substance in the body, a person becomes susceptible to cardiovascular, dermatological, and oncological pathologies.

What is the difference between vitamins D 2 and D 3?

Ergocalciferol is vitamin D2, and cholecalciferol is vitamin D3. Ergocalciferol is present in the tissues of plant organisms. To get enough of it, you need to include fresh vegetables and fruits in your menu every day. The substance is found in small amounts in dairy products and cereals. Cholecalciferol is produced in the skin under the influence of sun radiation, and also enters the body with animal products.

Vitamin D 2 regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, activates the absorption of these minerals into the blood, promotes their fast delivery into bone tissue. Vitamin D 3 stimulates the absorption of minerals in small intestine, ensures the transport of absorbed substances throughout the body. In the human body, cholecalciferol is converted into calcitriol, an active compound that fights malignant cells.

Ergocalciferol in the human body is broken down into several compounds, which in excess quantities can harm organs and systems. Therefore, when using medications based on vitamin D, you must carefully follow the instructions and avoid overdose. It is advisable to consult your doctor before taking liquid calciferol.

Consequences of vitamin D deficiency in the human body

It is important that the concentration of calciferol in the body remains normal. Vitamin deficiency leads to extremely negative consequences. Hypovitaminosis is especially dangerous for the body of young children and pregnant women. The child’s body is actively growing and developing, so it needs large quantities useful substances. And with a lack of vitamin, the child’s development is inhibited. Severe calciferol deficiency in children leads to rickets and other pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.

Rickets, caused by a lack of vitamin D in the body, is diagnosed in people who are at home or at work all day, who rarely go out into the sun, and who live in northern regions. Calciferol deficiency in an adult is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• chronic fatigue;
• lethargy, weakness, poor health;
• decreased performance;
• slow healing of fractures;
• low bone mineralization.

In a child, vitamin deficiency manifests itself with more pronounced symptoms:

• bowed legs;
• deformation chest and pelvic bones;
• improper formation of the face and head, flattening of the back of the head;
• low bone density;
• excessive sweating;
• irritability, moodiness, sleep disturbance;
• late teething.

All of the above symptoms in a child indicate the development of rickets.

Daily intake of vitamin D for adults and children

People who for some reason are deficient in calciferol need to take medications based on vitamin D 3 . But when taking medications, you should remember that an excess of calciferol is just as harmful to the body as a deficiency. To avoid health problems, the vitamin should be consumed in accordance with the instructions for use. Daily norm taking the drug is determined by the patient’s age, physical condition, well-being, and living conditions. But usually the dosages look like this:

• a healthy adult needs no more than 600 IU of the substance per day;
• for a child, depending on age - at least 400 - 500 IU;
• for a pregnant woman - about 800 IU.

Women carrying a child must take vitamin D supplements. This will avoid depletion of the mother's body and the occurrence of malformations of the embryo. Also, calciferol in liquid dosage form is indicated as part of general strengthening therapy for elderly and weakly healthy people.

Liquid dosage forms of vitamin D

Pharmacies sell a huge number of vitamin D preparations from different manufacturers. Popular and effective dosage forms are:

• aqueous solution for oral administration;
• oil solution for oral administration;
• injection solution.

Having entered digestive tract, liquid vitamin D is absorbed through bile in the small intestine. The digestibility of the aqueous solution is higher than that of the oil preparation.

When treating frail and premature babies, it is better to use an aqueous solution. The fact is that in weak babies, the body does not synthesize enough bile to process the vitamin dissolved in the oil.

The best vitamin D preparations for adults and children

For children, many calciferol preparations are available, with a dosage of 400 IU.

1. ChildLife Organic Vitamin D 3 Drops. Cholecalciferol in drop form with berry flavor. Suitable for babies from birth.
2. Nordic Naturals Baby's Vitamin D 3. Vitamin dissolved in olive oil, which does not have artificial components.
3. Natural Factors Vitamin D 3. Cholecalciferol dissolved in flaxseed oil.
4. Baby Drops Liquid Vitamin D 3 . This is the name of the most popular drug for infants in the United States, which has received many medical awards.

For adults, calciferol preparations are offered at a dosage of 1000 IU.

1. Nordic Naturals Vitamin D 3 Vegan. A product for strict vegetarians. Based on calciferol isolated from lichens.
2. Carlson Labs Super Daily D 3. Liquid vitamin for adults. Does not contain artificial components.
3. Garden of Life MyKind Organics Vegan D 3 Vanilla Spray. Cholecalciferol for vegans, isolated from lichens, sold in spray form.
4. Dr. Mercola Premium Supplements Sunshine Mist Vitamin D. High-quality product sold in spray form.

Indications and contraindications for use

Liquid vitamin D is prescribed to people with the following pathologies and characteristics of the body:

• rickets;
• osteoporosis;
• hypovitaminosis;
• liver dysfunction;
• sudden weight loss, exhaustion;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• rehabilitation after surgery;
• poor diet, including vegetarian diet.

It is prohibited to take calciferol in the following cases:

• with hypervitaminosis D;
• with renal failure;
• with sensitivity to the substance.

Pregnant women and young children should take calciferol carefully, carefully following the instructions and medical recommendations.

With an overdose of vitamin and the development of hypervitaminosis D, the following symptoms are observed:

• headaches;
• allergic reaction;
• loss of appetite;
• nausea;
• constipation;
• thirst;
• increased blood pressure;
• arrhythmia;
• weakness;
• photophobia;
• drying out of mucous membranes;
• metallic taste on tongue.

If the above symptoms occur, you should immediately stop taking the drug.

Features of taking liquid vitamin D by pregnant women and children

Calciferol, dissolved in oil, is prescribed for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. The medical specialist decides which drug the patient should take; he also determines the dosage and course of treatment.

At 30 weeks of gestation, a woman is prescribed 1400 IU of the vitamin. The drug should be taken every three days before giving birth. This is important for preventing rickets in a newborn baby. If a woman did not take a vitamin during pregnancy, then she must do so during breastfeeding. If a newborn baby is sick with rickets, then he is prescribed, based on the severity of the disease, from 7 to 24 drops of vitamin per day.

One drop of oil solution contains 600 IU of the substance. The oil-based drug is recommended to be given to young children in the winter months to prevent rickets. In the summer, there is no need to use the medication if the child often walks outside in the sun. A water-based vitamin is recommended for both adults and children from three weeks of age. The dosage is determined by the doctor, but it can be up to 20 drops per day.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble compound - a cyclic unsaturated high-molecular alcohol ergosterol, which has antirachitic activity. Vitamin D is often called simply an antirachitic factor, since this compound is necessary for correct height and bone formation.

Since vitamin D is fat soluble, it can accumulate in cells in the human body. various organs. The largest amount of vitamin D accumulates in subcutaneous fatty tissue and liver. Due to the ability to accumulate in the human body, there is always some depot of vitamin D, from which this compound is consumed in case of insufficient intake from food. That is, against the background of insufficient dietary intake, vitamin D deficiency develops over a long period of time until its reserves in the depot are used up.

The ability to dissolve in fats makes it possible for vitamin A to accumulate excessively when it enters the human body in large quantities. When accumulating high concentration Vitamin D in the blood and tissues of the body leads to the development of hypervitaminosis, which, like hypovitaminosis, leads to dysfunction of various organs and tissues.

This means that vitamin D must be supplied to the body in strictly defined, optimal doses, since both its excess and its deficiency are harmful. You should not take vitamin D in large quantities, as this will lead to hypervitaminosis. And you should also not consume small amounts of vitamin D, as this will provoke its deficiency or hypovitaminosis.

Vitamin D also prevents muscle weakness, improves immunity, ensures normal blood clotting and optimal functioning of the thyroid gland. According to experimental studies, calciferol helps restore nerve cells and nerve fibers, thereby reducing the rate of progression of multiple sclerosis. In addition, vitamin D is involved in regulating blood pressure and heart rate.

When used externally, vitamin D preparations reduce scaly skin in people suffering from psoriasis.

Vitamin D norm for consumption and maintenance in the body

Recommended daily dosage vitamin D for people of different ages is as follows:

• Adult women and men over 15 years of age – 2.5 – 5.0 mcg (100 – 200 IU);
• Pregnant women – 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Nursing mothers – 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Elderly people over 60 years old – 10 – 15 mcg (400 – 600 IU);
• Infants under one year of age - 7.5 - 10.0 mcg (300 - 400 IU);
• Children 1 – 5 years old – 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Children 5 – 13 years old – 2.5 mcg (100 IU).

Currently, micrograms (mcg) or international units (IU) are used to indicate the vitamin D content of food. In this case, one international unit corresponds to 0.025 μg. Accordingly, 1 mcg of vitamin D is equal to 40 IU. These ratios can be used to convert units of measurement to each other.

The list shows optimal dosages daily use vitamin D, which replenish its reserves and are not able to provoke hypervitaminosis. From the point of view of the development of hypervitaminosis, it is safe to consume no more than 15 mcg of vitamin D per day. This means that the maximum permissible dosage vitamin D, which will not lead to hypervitaminosis, is 15 mcg per day.

It is necessary to increase the dose beyond the given optimal values ​​for people who have an increased need for vitamin D, such as:

• Living in northern latitudes with short daylight hours or polar night;
• Living in regions with a highly polluted atmosphere;
• Night shift work;
• Bedridden patients who do not go outside;
• People suffering from chronic diseases of the intestines, liver, gallbladder and kidneys;
• Pregnant and nursing mothers.

In the blood, the normal content of vitamin D 2 is 10–40 μg/l and D 3 is also 10–40 μg/l.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency and excess

Due to the possibility of accumulation of vitamin D in the human body, both its deficiency and excess may occur. A lack of vitamin D is called hypovitaminosis or deficiency, and an excess is called hypervitaminosis or overdose. Both hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis D cause disruption of the functioning of various tissue organs, provoking a number of diseases. Therefore, vitamin D should not be consumed in large quantities, so as not to provoke an overdose.

Vitamin D deficiency

A lack of vitamin D leads to a decrease in the absorption of calcium from food, as a result of which it is washed out of the bones and stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. Against this background, hyperparathyroidism is formed, in which the leaching of calcium from the bones increases. Bones lose strength, bend, unable to withstand the load, and a person develops various disorders normal structure skeleton, which are manifestations of rickets. That is, a lack of vitamin D is manifested by rickets.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children:

• Delayed teething;
• Delayed closure of fontanelles;
• Softening of the bones of the skull, against the background of which there is a flattening of the occipital lobes with the simultaneous formation bone growths in the area of ​​the frontal and parietal tubercles. As a result of such processes, a person’s head becomes square, which persists for life and is a sign of rickets suffered in childhood;
• Deformation of the facial bones, which can result in the formation of a saddle nose and a high Gothic palate;
• Curvature of the legs in the shape of the letter “O” (popularly this condition is called “wheel legs”);
• Deformation of the pelvic bones;
• Thickening the ends tubular bones, as a result of which the knee, elbow, shoulder, ankle and finger joints become large and protruding. Such protruding joints are called rachitic bracelets;
• Thickening of the ends of the ribs, which leads to the formation of protruding large joints at the junction of the rib bones with the sternum and spine. These protruding junctions of the ribs with the sternum and spine are called rachitic rosaries;
• Chest deformity (chicken breast);
• Sleep disturbance;

After eliminating vitamin D deficiency, sleep disturbances, irritability and sweating disappear, bone strength is restored, and the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood gradually returns to normal. However, bone deformations (for example, saddle nose, chicken breast, curvature of the legs, square shape of the skull, etc.), which have already formed during the period of vitamin D deficiency, will not be corrected when the vitamin deficiency is eliminated, but will remain for life and will be a sign rickets suffered in childhood.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in adults are:

• The development of osteomalacia, that is, liquefaction of the bone, from which calcium salts are washed out, giving strength;
• Osteoporosis;
• Burning sensation in the mouth and throat;

All disorders that occur in adults due to vitamin D deficiency completely disappear after normalization of the intake of calciferol in the body.

Vitamin D overdose

An overdose of vitamin D is very dangerous condition, since this involves intensive absorption of calcium from food, which is sent to all organs and tissues, deposited in them in the form of solid salts. The deposition of salts causes calcification of organs and tissues, which cease to function normally. In addition, excess calcium in the blood provokes severe violations work of the heart and nervous system, manifested by micronecrosis and arrhythmias. Clinical symptoms of vitamin D overdose depend on its degree. Currently, there are three degrees of vitamin D overdose, characterized by the following clinical manifestations:

I degree of hypervitaminosis D – mild poisoning without toxicosis:

• Sweating;
• Irritability;
• Sleep disturbance;
• Delayed weight gain;
• Thirst (polydipsia);
• Large amounts of urine, more than 2.5 liters per day (polyuria);
• Pain in joints and muscles.

II degree of hypervitaminosis D– moderate poisoning with moderate toxicosis:

• Anorexia;
• Periodic vomiting;
• Loss of body weight;
• Tachycardia (palpitations);
• Muffled heart sounds;
• Systolic murmur;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood (ALP).

III degree of hypervitaminosis D– severe poisoning with severe toxicosis:

• Persistent vomiting;
• Severe weight loss;
• Low muscle mass (hypotrophy);
• Lethargy;
• Low mobility (hypodynamia);
• Periods of severe anxiety;
• Periodic seizures;
• High blood pressure;
• Muffled heart sounds;
• Systolic murmur;
• Enlargement of the heart;
• Attacks of arrhythmia;
• ECG abnormalities (widening of the QRS complex and shortening of the ST interval);
• Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes;
• Cold hands and feet;
• Dyspnea;
• Pulsation of blood vessels in the neck and stomach area;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased magnesium levels in the blood (hypomagnesemia);
• Decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood (ALP);
• Complications in the form bacterial infections(for example, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, myocarditis, pancreatitis);
• Central nervous system depression up to coma.

Treatment of vitamin D overdose

If signs of an overdose of vitamin D appear, you should immediately begin measures to accelerate the elimination of the substance from the body. The process of eliminating excess vitamin D is considered the treatment of hypervitaminosis D, which consists of the following:
1. At mild degree give poisoning to a person orally Vaseline oil, which will reduce the absorption of vitamin D residues present in the intestines. For speedy recovery normal cell structure and reducing the penetration of calcium into tissues, a person is given vitamin E and A. For the purpose accelerated elimination Furosemide is used to remove excess calcium, and Asparkam or Panangin is used to compensate for losses of potassium and magnesium;
2. At medium degree To treat poisoning, a person is given petroleum jelly, vitamins E and A, Furosemide, Asparkam or Panangin. Verapamil (eliminates excess calcium deposition in tissues), Etidronate (reduces calcium absorption from the intestine), Phenobarbital (accelerates the conversion of vitamin D into inactive forms) are added to these drugs;
3. In case of severe overdose of vitamin D, all drugs used to treat moderate poisoning are administered intravenously. In addition to these drugs, glucocorticoids are administered if necessary, saline solution, Calcitrin and Trisamin.

In case of disturbances of the heart (arrhythmia, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc.) or central nervous system (lethargy, coma, convulsions, etc.) against the background of an overdose of vitamin D, it is necessary to administer preparations of phosphate salts, for example, In-phos, Hyper-phosph-K, etc. .

Overdose and deficiency of vitamin D (rickets) in children: causes, symptoms, treatment, answers to questions - video

Vitamin D - indications for use

Vitamin D is indicated for use for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. Preventive intake of vitamin D is to prevent rickets in children and vitamin deficiency in adults. Therapeutic intake of vitamin D is carried out as part of complex therapy various diseases accompanied by a violation of the bone structure and low level calcium in the blood. Preventive and therapeutic intake of vitamin D differs only in dosage, otherwise it is carried out according to the same rules. Thus, for prevention, calciferol preparations should be taken at 400–500 IU (10–12 mcg) per day, and for treatment at 5000–10,000 IU (120–250 mcg) per day.

Vitamin D is indicated for use in the following conditions and diseases:

• Hypovitaminosis D (rickets) in children and adults;
• Bone fracture;
• Slow bone healing;
• Osteoporosis;
• Low levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood;
• Osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone marrow);
• Osteomalacia (softening of bones);
• Hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism (insufficient or excessive amounts of parathyroid hormones);
• Systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Chronic atrophic gastritis;
• Chronic enteritis of any etiology, including celiac enteropathy, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, radiation enteritis;
• Chronic pancreatitis;
• Tuberculosis;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Psoriasis;
• Muscle tetany;
• Menopausal syndrome in women.

Vitamin D for a newborn - should I give it?

Currently, the question of whether to give vitamin D to a newborn baby is causing widespread debate in society. Some believe that this is necessary, citing the long experience of mothers, grandmothers and “experienced” pediatricians who have been working for more than one year. And someone says that this is not necessary, since the child gets everything essential vitamins from milk. In fact, these are two radical, completely opposite positions, neither of which is correct. Let's consider in what cases a child needs to be given vitamin D to prevent rickets.

If the child spends at least 0.5 - 1 hour a day on the street and is exposed to direct sunlight, and is fully breastfed, and the mother eats well, then there is no need to give vitamin D. In this case, the child will receive part of the vitamin D from the mother’s milk, and the missing amount is synthesized in his skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. It should be remembered that under good nutrition The mother understands a diet in which she necessarily consumes vegetables and fruits every day, and meat, fish, eggs and dairy products at least one day a week. And by a child’s walk we mean his being on the street, in the sun, and not several hours spent in a closed stroller, walled up from the outside world.

If the child is on mixed feeding, regularly goes outside, and the mother eats well, then he also does not need to be given vitamin D, since modern baby food contains all the necessary vitamins and microelements in the right quantities.

If a child is completely bottle-fed using modern formulas, then he does not need to be given vitamin D under any circumstances, even if he practically does not walk. This is due to the fact that modern formulas contain all the vitamins and microelements necessary for the growth and development of a child in sufficient quantities.

If the child is breastfed or mixed-fed, rarely goes outside without being exposed to sunlight, and the mother is not eating adequately, then vitamin D should be given. You also need to give vitamin D if the child is bottle-fed not with modern formulas, but, for example, with cow, goat or donor milk, etc.

Thus, vitamin D should be given to newborns only in the following cases:
1. The nursing mother is not eating well.
2. Artificial feeding is carried out not with modern formulas, but with donor milk of various origins.
3. The child is outside for less than half an hour a day.

In principle, in modern conditions of a temperate climate the need for additional intake vitamin D deficiency in newborn children under one year of age occurs very rarely, since the nutrition of nursing mothers and the presence of modern, enriched with various nutrients mixtures for baby food completely eliminated the problem of calciferol deficiency. It should be remembered that the mandatory intake of vitamin D by newborns to prevent rickets was introduced more than 40 years ago, when nursing mothers did not always eat well and worked overtime in harsh conditions there were no factory floors, but there simply weren’t any baby formulas, and the “artificial” ones were fed donor milk, which had to be boiled, which means the vitamins in it were destroyed. Therefore, under the conditions that existed at that time, vitamin D was a necessity for almost all newborns. Today, conditions have changed, and all babies do not need the vitamin. Therefore, it should be taken only when needed.

Vitamin D for children

Vitamin D should be given to children if they are not in the sun for at least one hour a day, do not eat meat at least twice a week and do not eat animal products (butter, sour cream, milk, cheeses, etc.) daily. You can also give vitamin D if it is noticed that the child has an O- or X-shaped curvature of the legs and a saddle nose is formed. In all other cases, the child does not need to take vitamin D, except serious illnesses when prescribed by a doctor as part of complex therapy.

Vitamin D in summer

In the summer, if a person is in the sun and consumes animal products at least once a week, then there is no need to take vitamin D, regardless of age. At the same time, exposure to the sun means being outside in a small amount of clothing (open T-shirts, short shorts, skirts, dresses, swimsuits, etc.) under direct sunlight. Such a stay on the street for half an hour in the summer is quite enough for the endogenous production of the required amount of vitamin D to occur in the skin. Therefore, if a person spends at least half an hour a day on the street in the summer, then he does not need to take vitamin D.

If a person does not go outside in the summer, for some reason he is constantly indoors, or does not undress, leaving most of the skin, then he needs to take vitamin D prophylactically.

Vitamin D in foods – where is it found?

Vitamin D is found in the following foods:

• Marine fish liver;
• Fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, perch, etc.;
• Beef, pork liver;
• Fatty meats, for example, pork, duck, etc.;
• Fish roe;
• Eggs;
• Milk cream;
• Sour cream;
• Vegetable oil;
• Seaweed;
• Forest chanterelle mushrooms;
• Yeast.

Vitamin D preparations

The following forms are used in pharmacological preparations of vitamin D:

• Ergocalciferol – natural vitamin D 2;
• Cholecalciferol – natural vitamin D 3;
• Calcitriol is an active form of vitamin D 3 obtained from natural products;
• Calcipotriol (Psorcutan) – synthetic analogue calcitriol;
• Alfacalcidol (alpha D 3) is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol);
• Natural fish oil is a source of various forms of vitamin D.

All of the listed forms are highly active and can be used without any restrictions.

Pharmacological preparations can be single-component, that is, containing only forms of vitamin D, or multicomponent, which include vitamin D and various minerals, most often calcium. Both types of drugs can be used to correct vitamin D deficiency. However, multicomponent drugs are the best option, since they simultaneously eliminate the deficiency of vitamin D and some other elements.

All forms of vitamin D

Currently on the pharmaceutical market there are the following drugs containing vitamin D:

• Aquadetrim vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol);
• Alphabet “Our Baby” (vitamins A, D, E, C, PP, B 1, B 2, B 12);
• Alphabet "Kindergarten" (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1);
• Alfadol (alfacalcidol);
• Alfadol-Ca (calcium carbonate, alfacalcidol);
• Alpha-D 3-Teva (alfacalcidol);
• Van Alpha (alfacalcidol);
• Vigantol (cholecalciferol);
• Videohol ( various shapes and vitamin D derivatives);
• Vita bears (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Vitrum
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Vittri (vitamins E, D 3, A);
• Calcemin Advance (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, manganese sulfate, borate);
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Complivit Calcium D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Multi-Tabs (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Natekal D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Oksidevit (alfacalcidol);
• Osteotriol (calcitriol);
• Pikovit (vitamins A, PP, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Polivit (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Rocaltrol (calcitriol);
• Sana-Sol (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Centrum (vitamins A, E, D, C, K, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Ergocalciferol (ergocalciferol);
• Etfa (alfacalcidol).

Vitamin D oil solution

Vitamin D oil solution can be used orally or administered intramuscularly and intravenously if necessary. The following preparations are available in the form of oil solutions of vitamin D:

• Vigantol;
• Vitamin D 3 solution for oral administration in oil;
• Videohol;
• Oksidevit;
• Ergocalciferol;
• Etalfa.

Calcium with vitamin D

Calcium with vitamin D is a vitamin mineral complex, often used to prevent various diseases associated with bone destruction, such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, bone tuberculosis, etc. Currently, the following preparations are available that contain calcium and vitamin D at the same time:

• Alfadol-Sa;
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3;
• Calcemin Advance;
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte;
• Complivit Calcium D 3;
• Natekal D 3.

Vitamin D ointment or cream

Vitamin D ointment or cream is used to treat psoriasis. The following ointments and creams containing vitamin D are currently available:

• Glenriase (calcipotriol);
• Daivobet (calcipotriol);
• Daivonex (calcipotriol);
• Xamiol (calcitriol);
• Curatoderm (tacalcitol);
• Psorcutan (calcipotriol);
• Silkis (calcitriol).

Vitamin D – which one is better?

Applicable to any group medicines the term “best” is incorrect and incorrect in its essence, since in medical practice there is the concept of “optimal”. This means that for each specific case, the best will be a strictly defined drug, which doctors call optimal. This fully applies to vitamin D preparations.

That is, complex vitamin-mineral complexes containing vitamins D are optimal for the prevention of osteoporosis, osteomalacia and other bone diseases. Oil solutions of vitamin D are well suited for the prevention and treatment of rickets in children and adults, since they can be administered not only orally, but also intravenously or intramuscularly. And external creams and ointments with vitamin D are the optimal drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.

Thus, if a person just wants to take a course of vitamin D for prevention, then complex vitamin-mineral complexes, for example, Vittri, Alfadol-Sa, etc., will be optimal for him. If it is necessary to prevent rickets in a child, then oil solutions of vitamin D are best suited for this purpose. To eliminate vitamin deficiency and treat various diseases, oil solutions of vitamin D are also the optimal form.

Vitamin D instructions for use - how to give medications

Vitamin D is recommended to be used simultaneously with vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2 and B6, as well as pantothenic acid and calcium and magnesium salts, since these compounds improve the absorption of each other.

Vitamin D tablets, drops and tablets should be taken during or immediately after meals. The oil solution can be poured onto a small piece of black bread and eaten.

To prevent rickets, vitamin D is taken in the following dosages, depending on age:

• Full-term newborns from 0 to 3 years old – take 500 – 1000 IU (12 – 25 mcg) per day;
• Premature newborns from 0 to 3 years old - take 1000 - 1500 IU (25 - 37 mcg) per day;
• Pregnant women - take 500 IU (12 mcg) per day during the entire period of pregnancy;
• Nursing mothers - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Women in menopause - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Men of reproductive age take vitamin D 500–1000 IU (12–25 mcg) per day to improve sperm quality.

Prophylactic use of vitamin D can be continued for several years, alternating 3-4 week courses with 1-2 month intervals between them.

For the treatment of rickets and other diseases skeletal system it is necessary to take vitamin D 2000 - 5000 IU (50 - 125 mcg) for 4 - 6 weeks. Then you need to take a week's break, after which you will repeat the course of taking vitamin D.

Vitamin D test

Currently available laboratory analysis on the concentration of two forms of vitamin D in the blood - D 2 (ergocalciferol) and D 3 (cholecalciferol). This analysis allows you to accurately determine the presence of vitamin deficiency or hypervitaminosis, and, in accordance with its results, make the necessary decision on stopping or, on the contrary, taking vitamin D supplements. The concentration of these two forms is determined in venous blood donated in the morning on an empty stomach. Normal concentration both D 2 and D 3 are 10 – 40 µg/l. Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Normal functioning of the human body is possible subject to the replenishment of vitamins, minerals and other useful substances. Their deficiency leads to disruption of organ function and metabolism. A special role is assigned to vitamins. The deficiency of these components has a very noticeable effect on health. In order to avoid this problem, you need to eat rationally and take preventive measures.

The value of vitamin D3

Takes part in many processes in the body. It affects the immune, bone, nervous system, on cell growth and the condition of the endocrine glands.

The component is primarily responsible for the absorption of the minerals magnesium and calcium, which are necessary for the formation of dental and bone tissue. Vitamin D3 takes an active part in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, as a result of which, due to an increased influx of minerals, tooth and bone tissue are strengthened. It influences the processes of cell renewal and growth, protects the body from the development of cancer. A sufficient concentration of the component helps strengthen the immune system, normalizes blood glucose levels, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

The daily norm is about 500 IU, for adults - 600 IU. Women during pregnancy and breastfeeding are recommended to take up to 1500 IU. An additional dose is also needed for older people.

Vitamin D deficiency: causes

Vitamin D deficiency in the body, the development of which can be caused by factors such as lack of sunlight and insufficient indoor insolation, is a fairly common phenomenon. It is more common in people who live in northern latitudes, where lack of sunlight and long winters prevent the skin from producing the component. Poor nutrition, insufficient consumption of dairy products and fish can also lead to the development of deficiency.

The body is able to use vitamin D3 only in active form what the kidneys are responsible for. Accordingly, people with renal failure or other problems with these organs are also at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease interfere with the absorption of the component from food.

The following factors contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency: vegetarian diet, use of antacids, kidney and liver diseases, dark skin, lactation and pregnancy, age over 50 years.

Deficiency Symptoms

Depending on the degree of deficiency and sensitivity of a person, the symptoms of deficiency may differ. In the initial stages, it may not manifest itself at all, and then suddenly turn into rickets. Symptoms of deficiency include: weight loss, weakness, stooped posture, bone deformities, spinal deformities, slow growth in children, muscle cramps, dental deformities, delayed tooth formation, joint pain.

Vitamin deficiency in the body can be cured if you pay attention to the problem in time. To do this, you need to monitor the state of your health and the health of your children, draw up correct menu, walk in the fresh air and avoid bad habits.

Possible complications

If measures are not taken to neutralize vitamin D deficiency, it can lead to the development of very serious diseases that are difficult to treat, and in some cases can last a lifetime. The most common complications include rickets (especially in childhood), osteoporosis (brittle bones), osteomalacia, fractures and bone deformities. In early childhood, when a child's bone tissue is just forming, a lack of vitamin can affect the quality of bones in the future.

Against the background of a deficiency, the following diseases can gradually develop: multiple sclerosis, hypertension, constant headaches, depression, chronic pain and fatigue, diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, asthma, arthritis.

Prevention

You can prevent the development of deficiency by following simple rules. The first is sufficient exposure to the sun and fresh air. Sunlight has a positive effect on general condition human and stimulates the production of vitamin D by the skin. The daily diet should include foods that contain this component. They can replace medications and provide the body with the necessary substances.

Complex supplements or vitamin preparations should only be taken after a thorough examination by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe them for diseases that may contribute to the development of deficiency.

Treatment of deficiency

A lack of vitamin in the blood can lead to serious complications, so it is necessary to take action at the first sign. Treatment should be comprehensive and consist of several steps. First, it is necessary to discover the cause that caused the deficiency and eliminate it. It is worth reconsidering your lifestyle and daily diet, and making some adjustments to it. In particular, you need to eat more often fatty fish, dairy products, drink fortified milk.

After an examination at the clinic, the doctor may prescribe medications containing vitamin D. The choice of medications is very wide; vitamin D3 (solution) is popular. The drug is also known as Aquadetrim. Before using any product, you should read the instructions. Great value has vitamin D3 for infants. The good thing about the drug "Aquadetrim" is that it is suitable for use from four weeks of life.

Vitamin D3

To maintain normal level component in the blood, you need to include in your daily diet foods containing it in sufficient quantities. If this fails, then medications that are designed to provide the body with vitamin D3 will come to the rescue.

The most common drugs include Viganol, Minisan, Aquadetrim. The last one, an aqueous solution of vitamin D3, deserves special attention. The peculiarity of the drug is that it is approved for use by pregnant women and newborn babies. The product prevents the development of rickets, osteoporosis and other similar diseases, and is used in the treatment of vitamin deficiency. The drug can be purchased at any pharmacy kiosk. affordable price, it is available without a prescription, but before use, especially during pregnancy, it is advisable to consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions.

Pharmacology

The drug "Aquadetrim", or water vitamin D3, thanks to the active substance - colecalciferol, affects the normalization of phosphate and calcium metabolism, resulting in correct formation bone skeleton and preservation of bone tissue structure. Active ingredient The drug takes part in the reabsorption of phosphates and affects the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.

The solution helps normalize the content of calcium ions, affects blood clotting and the conduction of nerve impulses, prevents the development of hypovitaminosis and calcium deficiency, which results in the development of diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets.

An aqueous solution of "Aquadetrim", compared to an oil solution, has greater bioavailability and is better adsorbed; it does not require the presence of bile for absorption into the blood, which is especially important for premature babies who still have an immature digestive system.

Indications

The use of vitamin D3 is recommended primarily for vitamin deficiency and hypovitaminosis. The drug is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of rickets-like diseases, hypocalcemia, tetany (caused by hypocalcemia). A sufficient amount of the component is necessary for infants and children who grow and develop, their bones are formed and require its presence for normal absorption of calcium.

During menopause and postmenopause due to hormonal changes Women may develop osteoporosis, for the treatment of which they also need to take vitamin D3. Instructions for use describe all cases in which Aquadetrim can be used. The drug is prescribed for loss of calcium in teeth and bones, for osteomalacia of various etiologies, for osteopathies caused by metabolic disorders. It also has a good effect on the restoration and fusion of bone tissue after fractures.

Contraindications

Before giving vitamin D3 to children or taking it yourself, it is advisable to consult a doctor, because he has a list of contraindications for use and side effects.

You should not take the drug if you are individually sensitive to colecalciferol, or if you are intolerant to benzyl alcohol. If you have elevated calcium levels in your blood (hypercalcemia) or urine (hypercalciuria), you should also stop taking vitamin D3. The instructions prohibit the use of the drug in case of hypervitaminosis, renal failure, active form of tuberculosis, urolithiasis. At long-term immobilization Large doses of the drug are contraindicated.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug is prescribed taking into account the condition of the mother and fetus (child). In this case, extreme caution is needed, because in case of an overdose, the baby may have developmental disorders. Vitamin D3 should also be prescribed with caution for newborns, and especially for premature babies.

Side effects

Patients may experience some side effects when taking vitamin D3. If the drug is used in recommended doses, then the possibility of their occurrence is close to zero. Appear side effects may occur if the dose is exceeded or in case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the product.

You can determine the body's reaction to the action of the drug by the following symptoms: irritability, sudden mood swings, stupor, depression, mental disorders, headache. The gastrointestinal tract may be disturbed by dry mouth, thirst, vomiting, nausea, stool disorders, rapid weight loss, even anorexia. The cardiovascular system can react by increasing blood pressure, increasing heart rate, and cardiac dysfunction. In addition, side effects such as nephropathy, myalgia, general muscle weakness, polyuria, soft tissue calcification.

Special instructions

If the drug is used to treat a disease, then only a doctor can prescribe it, referring to the results of blood and urine tests. When using the product in for preventive purposes it is necessary to remember the possibility of overdose, especially for patients childhood. With long-term use of vitamin D3 in high doses, the development of chronic hypervitaminosis is possible.

When giving the drug to newborns, you should pay attention to their individual sensitivity to its components. If taken over a long period of time, this may lead to growth retardation. In old age, patients' daily requirement for the component increases, but vitamin D preparations may be contraindicated for them due to the presence of various diseases. In this case, you need to fill the body’s need by eating foods high in this substance.

Vitamin D3 in foods

You can compensate for the lack of vitamins using not only medications, but also food. Vitamin D3 is found in sufficient quantities in mackerel, mackerel, herring, tuna, fish liver, seafood, eggs, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, and fermented milk products.

Products of plant origin contain little vitamin, which vegetarians should pay attention to. Such products include potatoes, nettles, horsetail, parsley, and oatmeal. It is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, so it is worth spending more time in the fresh air and, if possible, sunbathing.

Brittle bones and dental problems are associated with impaired absorption of calcium and phosphorus or their lack in the body. Active metabolites of calciferol or vitamin D3, which is obtained from food, can help solve the problem - pediatricians especially insist on using the latter. How does it affect the condition of bone tissue and what drugs containing it make sense to take?

Why does the body need vitamin D3?

Official name this substance is cholecalciferol. Belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins and is produced by the body exclusively under the influence of ultraviolet rays, so in winter adults and children often experience a lack of it. Synthesis occurs in the skin. Vitamin D3 has the following pharmacological properties:

• It takes part in phosphorus metabolism and increases the absorption of this mineral in the intestines.
• It is important for the absorption of calcium, as it increases the permeability of mitochondria in the cells that make up the intestinal epithelium.

Proper reabsorption and normal calcium metabolism, which are observed only with normal quantity This vitamin D3 in the body helps increase the strength of the bones of newborns and form their skeleton, improves the condition of teeth, and is necessary for the prevention of osteoporosis, rickets and a number of other diseases associated with disruption of the structure of bone tissue.

However, the symptoms of cholecalciferol deficiency can be noticed not only by the deterioration of the teeth/bones:

• performance decreases;
• general fatigue increases;
• the initial stage of multiple sclerosis is observed.

What products contain

The natural deficiency of cholecalciferol, which occurs in winter and in residents of northern regions, is partially compensated by its receipt from food: the body can receive vitamin D3 from some foods and absorb it almost completely. Useful in this matter:

• fish oil;
• parsley;
• milk (controversial, since the absorption of calcium is inhibited by the phosphorus present here);
• egg yolks (raw);
• tuna, mackerel;
• halibut liver;
• butter;
• oatmeal.

Indications for use

Pregnant and breastfeeding women mostly experience calcium deficiency, so vitamin D (doctors combine D2 and D3 here) is recommended in the form of tablets or injections during this period. Given the sensitivity of newborns and the transfer of all nutrients through breast milk if they are breastfed, it is more important that the mother does not experience a deficiency. In older children, the use of a medicinal form of vitamin D3 is necessary for:

• prevention and treatment of rickets;
• treatment of osteoporosis;
• strengthening the bone skeleton in preschool and old age;
• treatment of hypoparathyroidism;
• treatment of osteomalacia;
• preventing deficiency of this vitamin in liver diseases, vegetarianism, after gastric resection.

Directions for use and dosage

If cholecalciferol is used unreasonably, the patient may develop chronic overdose Therefore, doctors insist on carefully reading the instructions and studying the concentration of the key vitamin in the composition. There are daily standards for cholecalciferol: up to 500 IU in adults, 200 IU in children. If some factors have led to vitamin D3 deficiency, doctors prescribe medications based on the following facts:

• calcium concentration reaches normal when taking 200 thousand IU for six months;
• for osteoporosis, the same 200 thousand IU are needed, but for 2 weeks;
• for rickets, up to 400 thousand IU are prescribed for six months.

Vitamin D3 capsules

Among those present in pharmacies dosage forms cholecalciferol is defeated by the capsular one: it is released by several pharmaceutical companies, such vitamin D3 is mainly produced for adults, since the dosages of the main substance are very high - from 600 IU. Among such drugs, Solgar deserves attention - a product of an American manufacturer, it is biologically active additive, cannot be used during pregnancy or in children. Dosage – 1 capsule per day with food.

Drops

Aquadetrim vitamin D3 has a concentration of 15000 IU/ml, which is equal to 30 drops. This amount is needed during pregnancy, if the doctor has already diagnosed a lack of vitamins D, or for other reasons for a serious deficiency of cholecalciferol - you should not buy Aquadetrim water for prevention. Among the key disadvantages of the drug is the difficulty of selecting the dosage - this should be done with a doctor, because:

• 1 drop is equivalent to 500 IU of this vitamin, which covers daily requirement the body of an adult;
• In a child, prophylactic use of the drug can lead to hypervitaminosis D3.

The official instructions for the treatment of cholecalciferol deficiency advise adhering to the following doses:

• Infants over 4 months – up to 3 drops per day.
• During pregnancy - 1 drop daily from the 1st trimester until childbirth, or 2 drops, but from the 28th week.
• After menopause, 2 drops per day.
• For rickets, you can drink up to 10 drops per day, the course is 1.5 months. The exact dosage depends on the severity of the disease and urine tests.

Vitamin D3 tablets

The most famous on pharmaceutical drug This type is the mineral complex Calcium-D3 Nycomed, which is well tolerated by people of all ages, since even a prophylactic dose is easy to select. 1 tablet is 200 IU of vitamin D3, which is half the norm for a child and 1/3 of the adult norm. There is also a “Forte” option, with a double dosage of the vitamin.

According to the instructions, the tablets are taken primarily for prevention according to the following rules:

• Children over 12 years old and adults 1 pc. morning and evening.
• Children over 5 years old – 1 tablet. IN younger age the dosage is determined by the doctor.
• Tablets are allowed to be sucked or chewed.

Oil solution

Doctors call toxicity a disadvantage of this form of vitamin D3, so pediatricians prescribe it to children only in cases of urgent need, mainly recommending aqueous solutions or tablets. However, oil solutions also have advantages: vitamin D3 requires fat for dissolution and absorption, which water is not. Symptoms of overdose, if you drink Vitamin D3 oil solution, also appear less frequently. The most used by doctors is Vigantol, which has simple composition, but similar to Aquadetrim, it cannot be used without a doctor’s prescription.

Vitamin D3 for children

Mostly doctors prescribe cholecalciferol premature babies, since they do not have a natural supply of this element. However, it can put a lot of stress on the kidneys, so you need to entrust the choice of drug and dosage to your doctor. A separate point it is inadmissible to take such drugs in the summer (only from October to March), and the child himself must be breastfed.

How to take vitamin D3 for infants

In children over two weeks of age, doctors advise carrying out the procedure for strengthening bone tissue only when obvious symptoms vitamin D3 deficiency if they do not get it from mother's milk, or due to congenital pathologies have poor calcium absorption. Mostly experts advise oil drops, which need to be diluted with warm water. Instructions for use are as follows:

• A baby born at term is prevented from rickets from the 2nd week of life by giving 1 drop of an oily vitamin solution daily. Water - 2 times a week in the same dosage.
• If the child is premature, the dose is increased by 2 times.

Side effects

With normal sensitivity and full compliance with the instructions, no negative reactions are observed. Rarely happen:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• headache;
• kidney dysfunction.

Overdose

In children long-term use large doses Vitamin D3 may lead to impaired calcium metabolism, which is noticeable in a blood test, especially if thiazide drugs are used. In case high sensitivity organisms can develop.