Is acetylsalicylic acid "Aspirin"? What does acetylsalicylic acid help with? What does acetyl acid help with?

Tablets with a flat surface, white, with chamfer and notch. Marbling is allowed on the surface of the tablets.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Other analgesics and antipyretics. Salicylic acid and its derivatives.

Acetylsalicylic acid.

ATX code N 02B A01

Pharmacological properties"type="checkbox">

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

P After ingestion, acetylsalicylic acid is converted into the main metabolite - salicylic acid. Absorption of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids in the digestive tract occurs quickly and

fully. The maximum level of concentration in blood plasma is achieved after 10-20 minutes (acetylsalicylic acid) or 45-120 minutes ( general level salicylates). The degree of binding of acids by plasma proteins depends on the concentration, which is 49-70% for acetyl salicylic acid and 66-98% for salicylic acid. 50% of the administered dose of the drug is metabolized during the initial passage through the liver. Metabolites of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids are the glycine conjugant of salicylic acid, gentisic acid and its glycine conjugant. The drug is excreted from the body in the form of metabolites, mainly by the kidneys. The half-life of acetylsalicylic acid is 20 minutes. The half-life of salicylic acid increases proportionally dose taken of the drug and is 2, 4 and 20 hours for doses of 0.5 g, 1 g and 5 g respectively. The drug penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is also detected in breast milk and synovial fluid.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and also reduces platelet aggregation. The main mechanism of action of acetylsalicylic acid is the inactivation of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxane is disrupted. Due to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, their pyrogenic effect on thermoregulation centers is weakened. In addition, the sensitizing effect of prostaglandins on sensory nerve endings is reduced, which reduces their sensitivity to pain mediators. Irreversible disturbances in the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets cause the antiplatelet effect of the drug. Acetylsalicylic acid also blocks cyclooxygenases of endothelial cells, in which prostacyclin, which has antiplatelet activity, is synthesized. Cyclooxygenases of endothelial cells are less sensitive to the action of acetylsalicylic acid and, unlike a similar platelet enzyme, are blocked reversibly.

Indications for use

Pain syndrome low to medium intensity of various etiologies(including inflammatory) genesis

Increased temperature (fever) due to influenza, colds (ARVI) and other infectious and inflammatory diseases

Directions for use and doses

Acetylsalicylic acid is taken orally, after meals, with a drink a large number water.

For pain and elevated temperature for infectious and inflammatory diseases, a single dose for adults and children over 15 years of age is 0.5 - 1 g. The maximum daily dose is 3 g. For older people, the maximum daily dose is 1 g.

The duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days as an analgesic and 3 days as an antipyretic.

In patients with associated disorders liver and kidney function, it is necessary to reduce the dose or increase the interval between taking the drug.

Side effects"type="checkbox">

Side effects

Tinnitus, dizziness, hearing loss, visual impairment

Nausea, abdominal pain, heartburn, vomiting

Anorexia

Reye/Reye syndrome (encephalopathy combined with acute fatty liver)

Hypersensitivity reaction (bronchospasm, skin rash, Quincke's edema, urticaria, aspirin-induced asthma)

Interstitial nephritis, prerenal azotemia with increased creatinine in the blood and hypercalcemia, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome

Papillary necrosis

Breathing problems

Drowsiness

Convulsions

Erosive and ulcerative lesions digestive tract, sometimes complicated by latent or clinically significant (melena) bleeding, liver failure

Increased symptoms of congestive heart failure

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia

Aseptic meningitis

Increased aminotransferase levels

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid

Peptic ulcer and duodenum

Increased tendency to bleed

Kidney disease, renal and/or liver dysfunction

Concomitant treatment with anticoagulants (except for low-dose heparin therapy with frequent and careful monitoring of blood clotting)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Bronchial asthma

Chronic or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the upper sections gastrointestinal tract in the anamnesis

Gastrointestinal bleeding

- “aspirin” bronchial asthma and “aspirin” triad

Vitamin K deficiency, hypoprothrombinemia

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Pregnancy period and lactation period

Portal hypertension

Taking methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg/week or more

Childhood and adolescence up to 15 years

Drug interactions"type="checkbox">

Drug interactions

With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulants, the risk of bleeding increases. With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the therapeutic and side effects the latter. During treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the side effects of methotrexate are aggravated. With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and oral antidiabetic drugs from the group of sulfonylurea derivatives, the hypoglycemic effect of the latter is enhanced. When used simultaneously with corticosteroids, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases. Acetylsalicylic acid weakens the effect of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs and agents that promote excretion uric acid.

Purpose antacids during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (especially in doses exceeding 3 g of acetylsalicylic acid for adults and 1.5 g for children) can reduce high stable levels of salicylates in the blood.

Special instructions"type="checkbox">

Special instructions

Special Warnings and Cautions

The drug is not prescribed to children and adolescents under 15 years of age with acute respiratory diseases caused by viral infections, with diseases accompanied by hyperthermia due to the risk of developing Reye/Rea syndrome.

In patients with allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hives, skin itching, swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal polyposis, as well as when they are combined with chronic infections respiratory tract and in patients with hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, attacks may develop bronchial asthma.

Use during surgical interventions. Before any surgical procedure, inform your doctor, surgeon, anesthesiologist or dentist about taking acetylsalicylic acid. 5-7 days before the planned surgical intervention it is necessary to stop taking acetylsalicylic acid to reduce the risk of bleeding during surgery and the postoperative period.

During the period of use of the drug you should refrain from drinking alcohol.

Use during pregnancy

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may have negative effects on pregnancy and embryonic or fetal development. Data from epidemiological studies indicate an increased risk of developing defects and malformations when using synthesis inhibitors

prostaglandins on early periods pregnancy. It is believed that the risk increases with increasing dose and duration of treatment.

Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity; therefore, the use of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy is not indicated.

Name: Acetylsalicylic acid

Name: Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum)

Indications for use:
Acetylsalicylic acid has wide application as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent.
An important feature of acetylsalicylic acid is the product’s ability to have an antiaggregation effect and inhibit spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation.

Pharmacological action:
Acetylsalicylic acid has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. It is widely used for feverish conditions(high body temperature), headache, neuralgia (pain spreading along the nerve), etc. and as an antirheumatic agent. The anti-inflammatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid is explained by its influence on the processes occurring at the site of inflammation. The antipyretic effect is also associated with the effect on the hypothalamic (located in the brain) thermoregulation centers. The analgesic (pain-relieving) effect is due to the influence on pain sensitivity centers located in the central nervous system.
One of the main mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid is the inactivation (suppression of activity) of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins), as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins is disrupted. (Prostaglandins - biologically active substances produced in the body. Their role in the body is extremely multifaceted; in particular, they are responsible for the appearance of pain and swelling at the site of inflammation).
Impaired prostaglandin synthesis leads to loss of sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to kinins and other inflammatory and pain mediators (transmitters).
Due to the disruption of prostaglandin synthesis, the severity of inflammation and their pyrogenic (increasing body temperature) effect on the thermoregulation center are reduced. In addition, the influence of prostaglandins on sensory nerve endings is reduced, leading to a decrease in their sensitivity to pain mediators. It also has an antiaggregation effect.

Acetylsalicylic acid: method of application and dosage:
In tablet form, it is prescribed orally after meals. Usual doses for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic (for febrile illnesses, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, etc.) 0.25-0.5-1 g 3-4 times every day; for children, depending on age - from 0.1 to 0.3 g per dose.
For rheumatism, infectious-allergic myocarditis (heart disease), rheumatoid polyarthritis (an infectious-allergic disease from the group of collagenoses, characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the joints), adults are prescribed 2-3 g (less often 4 g) per day for a long time, children 0.2 g per year of life per day. A single dose for children aged 1 year is 0.05 g, 2 years - 0.1 g, 3 years - 0.15 g, 4 years - 0.2 g. Starting from the age of 5, it can be prescribed in tablets of 0 .25 g per dose.
A soluble form of aspirin is also used - Acylpirin soluble. For fever ( sharp increase body temperature) and/or pain syndrome is prescribed in a single dose of 1-2 tablets of 0.5 g. If necessary, the product is taken again in the same dose. The maximum daily dose is 6 tablets. For acute rheumatism, it is prescribed in daily dose 100 mg/kg body weight in 5-6 divided doses. Single doses for babies depend on age and are: children up to 6 months. - 50-100 mg; from 6 months up to 1 year - 100-150 mg; from 1 year to 6 years - 150-250 mg; from 6 to 15 years - 250-500 mg; prescribed 3 times a day. The drug is used at the end of a meal or immediately after a meal. Immediately before use, the tablet must be dissolved in 1/2 cup of water.

Acetylsalicylic acid contraindications:
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and gastrointestinal bleeding are contraindications to the use of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate. The use of acetylsalicylic acid is also contraindicated in case of a history of peptic ulcer disease, portal hypertension (increased pressure in the portal vein system of the liver), venous stasis (due to decreased resistance of the gastric mucosa), and blood clotting disorders.
With long-term use of salicylates, the possibility of developing anemia (decreased hemoglobin in the blood) should be taken into account and blood tests should be systematically carried out and the presence of blood in the stool checked.
Due to the possibility of allergic reactions, caution should be exercised when prescribing acetylsalicylic acid (and other salicylates) to persons with increased sensitivity to penicillins and other “allergenic” ( causing allergies) medicines.
At hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid, “aspirin” asthma may develop ( acute attacks suffocation caused by taking acetylsalicylic acid), for the prevention and treatment of which desensitizing (preventive or inhibitory) methods have been developed allergic reactions) therapy.
For children and adolescents (up to 14 years of age) with diseases accompanied by hyperthermia (increased body temperature), it is advisable to prescribe acetylsalicylic acid only if other products are ineffective. In patients suffering from allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic and hay rhinitis (runny nose), urticaria, itching, swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal polyps, also in combination with chronic respiratory tract infections, in patients with increased susceptibility to analgesic and antirheumatic products of any type, the development of “aspirin” asthma is possible.
It should be borne in mind that taking salicylates (in large doses) in the first 3 months. pregnancy is associated in many epidemiological studies with increased risk development of deformities (cleft palate, heart defects). However, at usual therapeutic doses, this risk appears to be small, as a study of approximately 3,200 mother-baby pairs found no association with an increase in the rate of deformities. In the last 3 months. pregnancy, taking salicylates can lead to a prolongation of the pregnancy period and a weakening of labor pains. The mother and baby had a high tendency to bleed. When the mother takes acetylsalicylic acid shortly before birth, intracranial bleeding is possible in newborns (especially premature ones).
During breastfeeding, when taking the product in usual doses Interruption of breastfeeding is usually not required. If you regularly take large doses of the product, you should decide whether to stop breastfeeding.
Without medical supervision, the product should be taken only in normal doses and only for a few days.

Acetylsalicylic acid side effects:
When using the product, profuse (profuse) sweating may develop, tinnitus and hearing loss, angioedema (allergic) edema, skin and other allergic reactions may appear.
It is important to consider that with long-term (without medical supervision) use of acetylsalicylic acid, phenomena such as dyspeptic disorders (digestive disorders) and gastric bleeding may occur; The mucous membrane of not only the stomach, but also the duodenum may be affected.
The so-called ulcerogenic (ulcer-causing) effect is characteristic to varying degrees of various anti-inflammatory products: corticosteroids, butadione, indomethacin, etc. The appearance of stomach ulcers and gastric bleeding when using acetylsalicylic acid is explained not only by the resorptive effect (the effect of a substance that manifests itself as a result of its absorption into the blood) (inhibition of blood clotting factors, etc.), but also by its direct irritating effect on the gastric mucosa, especially if the product is taken in the form of uncrushed tablets. This also applies to sodium salicylate.
To reduce the ulcerogenic effect and prevent the development of gastric bleeding, you should take acetylsalicylic acid only after meals; it is recommended to crush the tablets thoroughly and wash them down with plenty of liquid ( better milk). There are, however, indications that gastric bleeding may also occur when taking acetylsalicylic acid after eating. To reduce the irritating effect on the stomach, they subsequently resort to taking mineral acetylsalicylic acid alkaline waters or sodium bicarbonate solution.
Due to the effect on platelet aggregation (sticking together), as well as some anticoagulating (anti-clotting) activity, periodic blood tests should be carried out during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. For bleeding disorders, especially hemophilia ( hereditary disease, manifested increased bleeding), bleeding may develop. For early detection ulcerogenic effect, it is necessary to periodically examine the stool for the presence of blood.
It should be taken into account that under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of anticoagulants (drugs that inhibit blood clotting 8), sugar-lowering products (sulfonylurea derivatives) is enhanced, and the risk of developing gastric bleeding increases while taking corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, cortisone, dexamethasone, etc. 8, 586, 583 ) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (sodium salicylate, acelysin, salicylamide, methyl salicylate 7, 273, 288). During treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the side effects of methotrexate increase. The effect of diuretics (furosemide, veroshpiron, etc., 302) is somewhat weakened.
In case of overdose with mild intoxication (poisoning), nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastrium (the area of the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and sternum), also (especially in children and elderly patients) tinnitus, dizziness, headaches, decreased vision and hearing. With a significant overdose, incoherent thinking, confusion, drowsiness, collapse appear ( sharp drop blood pressure), tremor (trembling of the limbs), shortness of breath, suffocation, dehydration, hyperthermia ( high temperature body), coma (unconscious state), alkaline urine reaction, metabolic acidosis (acidification due to metabolic disorders), respiratory (gas) alkalosis (alkalization), carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
The lethal (capable of causing death) dose of acetylsalicylic acid for adults is more than 10 g, for children - more than 3 g.
In case of overdose, depending on the state of acid-base balance and electrolyte (ionic) balance, solutions of sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate or sodium lactate are infused.

Release form:
Acetylsalicylic acid is available for oral administration in the form of tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g (for adults) and 0.1 g (scored) for children. “Effervescent” tablets of 0.5 g in a pack of 15 pcs.

Synonyms:
Aspisol, Aspirin, Aspro-500, Colfarit, Mikristin, Acetol, Acetylene, Aspozal, Astrin, Ataspin, Bedaspin, Bispirin, Caprin, Cetazal, Cytopyrin, Claripirin, Darozal, Endosalil, Isopyrine, Novosprin, Prodol, Rodopyrin, Ruspirin, Salacetin, Temperal, Vikapirin, Aspro, Acesal, Acetyl, Acetofen, Acetosal, Acetylsal, Acetisal, Acylpirin, Bayaspirin, Bebaspin, Benaspir, Clariprin, Durosal, Easprin, Endospirin, Eutosal, Genasprin, Helicon, Istopirin, Monasalil, Panspiril, Polopirina, Saletin, Zorprin, Acetylsalicil bene, Novandol, Plidol, Aspirin UPSA, Aspilight, ApoAsa, Asalgin, Acylspirin, Aspro 500, Salorin, Janprin.

Storage conditions:
In a well-closed container, protected from light.

Additionally:
Acetylsalicylic acid is also included in the products Mexavit, Presotsil.

Attention!
Before using the medication "Acetylsalicylic acid" You should consult your doctor.
The instructions are provided for informational purposes only. Acetylsalicylic acid».

Gross formula

C9H8O4

Pharmacological group of the substance Acetylsalicylic acid

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

50-78-2

Characteristics of the substance Acetylsalicylic acid

White fine needle-shaped crystals or light crystalline powder, odorless or faint odor, slightly sour taste. Slightly soluble in water at room temperature, soluble in hot water, easily soluble in ethanol, solutions of caustic and carbonic alkalis.

Pharmacology

Pharmacological action- anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiaggregation, analgesic.

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and irreversibly inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, blocks the synthesis of PG (PGA 2, PGD 2, PGF 2alpha, PGE 1, PGE 2, etc.) and thromboxane. Reduces hyperemia, exudation, capillary permeability, hyaluronidase activity, limits energy supply inflammatory process by inhibiting ATP production. Affects the subcortical centers of thermoregulation and pain sensitivity. A decrease in the content of PG (mainly PGE 1) in the thermoregulation center leads to a decrease in body temperature due to dilation of skin vessels and increased sweating. The analgesic effect is due to the effect on pain sensitivity centers, as well as the peripheral anti-inflammatory effect and the ability of salicylates to reduce the algogenic effect of bradykinin. A decrease in the content of thromboxane A 2 in platelets leads to irreversible suppression of aggregation and slightly dilates blood vessels. The antiplatelet effect lasts for 7 days after a single dose. During the series clinical trials It has been shown that significant inhibition of platelet adhesiveness is achieved at doses of up to 30 mg. Increases fibrinolytic activity of plasma and reduces the concentration of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X). Stimulates the excretion of uric acid, since its reabsorption in the kidney tubules is disrupted.

After oral administration, it is absorbed quite completely. In the presence of an enteric coating (resistant to the action gastric juice and does not allow the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid in the stomach) is absorbed into upper section small intestine. During absorption, it undergoes presystemic elimination in the intestinal wall and in the liver (deacetylated). The absorbed part is very quickly hydrolyzed by special esterases, so T1/2 of acetylsalicylic acid is no more than 15-20 minutes. It circulates in the body (75-90% in connection with albumin) and is distributed in tissues in the form of salicylic acid anion. Cmax is reached after approximately 2 hours. Acetylsalicylic acid practically does not bind to blood plasma proteins. During biotransformation in the liver, metabolites are formed that are found in many tissues and urine. Excretion of salicylates occurs primarily through active secretion in the renal tubules in unchanged form and in the form of metabolites. The excretion of unchanged substance and metabolites depends on the pH of the urine (with alkalinization of urine, the ionization of salicylates increases, their reabsorption worsens and excretion increases significantly).

Application of the substance Acetylsalicylic acid

IHD, the presence of several factors risk of ischemic heart disease, silent myocardial ischemia, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (to reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction and death after myocardial infarction), recurrent transient cerebral ischemia and ischemic stroke in men, heart valve replacement (prevention and treatment of thromboembolism), balloon coronary angioplasty and stent placement (reducing the risk of recurrent stenosis and treatment secondary coronary artery dissection), as well as in non-atherosclerotic lesions coronary arteries(Kawasaki disease), aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease), valvular mitral heart defects and atrial fibrillation, prolapse mitral valve(prevention of thromboembolism), recurrent thromboembolism pulmonary artery, Dressler's syndrome, pulmonary infarction, acute thrombophlebitis. Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity of various origins, incl. chest radicular syndrome, lumbago, migraine, headache, neuralgia, toothache, myalgia, arthralgia, algodismenorrhea. In clinical immunology and allergology, it is used in gradually increasing doses for long-term “aspirin” desensitization and the formation of stable tolerance to NSAIDs in patients with “aspirin” asthma and the “aspirin” triad.

According to indications, rheumatism, rheumatic chorea, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis, pericarditis - currently used very rarely.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, incl. “aspirin” triad, “aspirin” asthma; hemorrhagic diathesis(hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, telangiectasia), dissecting aortic aneurysm, heart failure, acute and recurrent erosive and ulcerative diseases Gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal or liver failure, initial hypoprothrombinemia, vitamin K deficiency, thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, pregnancy (I and III trimester), breastfeeding, children and adolescents under 15 years of age when used as an antipyretic remedies (risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children with fever due to viral diseases).

Restrictions on use

Hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, gout, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (in history), severe violations liver and kidney function, bronchial asthma, COPD, nasal polyposis, uncontrolled arterial hypertension.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of large doses of salicylates in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of fetal defects (cleft palate, heart defects). In the second trimester of pregnancy, salicylates can be prescribed only after assessing the risks and benefits. The administration of salicylates in the third trimester of pregnancy is contraindicated.

Salicylates and their metabolites in small quantities penetrate into breast milk. Accidental intake of salicylates during lactation is not accompanied by the development adverse reactions in a child and does not require cessation of breastfeeding. However, when long-term use or appointment in high doses ah breastfeeding should be stopped.

Side effects of the substance Acetylsalicylic acid

From the outside cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia.

From the gastrointestinal tract: NSAID gastropathy (dyspepsia, pain in the epigastric region, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, severe bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract), loss of appetite.

Allergic reactions: hypersensitivity reactions (bronchospasm, laryngeal edema and urticaria), the formation of “aspirin” bronchial asthma and the “aspirin” triad (eosinophilic rhinitis, recurrent nasal polyposis, hyperplastic sinusitis) based on the hapten mechanism.

Others: liver and/or kidney dysfunction, Reye's syndrome in children (encephalopathy and acute fatty degeneration liver with rapid development liver failure).

With prolonged use - dizziness, headache, tinnitus, decreased hearing acuity, blurred vision, interstitial nephritis, prerenal azotemia with increased blood creatinine levels and hypercalcemia, papillary necrosis, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, blood diseases, aseptic meningitis, increased symptoms of congestive heart failure, edema, increased levels of aminotransferases in the blood.

Interaction

Increases the toxicity of methotrexate, reducing its renal clearance, effects narcotic analgesics(codeine), oral antidiabetic drugs, heparin, indirect anticoagulants, thrombolytics and platelet aggregation inhibitors, reduces the effect of uricosuric drugs (benzbromarone, sulfinpyrazone), antihypertensive drugs, diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide). Paracetamol and caffeine increase the risk of developing side effects. Glucocorticoids, ethanol and ethanol-containing drugs enhance negative impact on the gastrointestinal mucosa and increase clearance. Increases the concentration of digoxin, barbiturates, lithium salts in plasma. Antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum slow down and impair the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid. Myelotoxic drugs enhance the manifestations of hematotoxicity of acetylsalicylic acid.

Overdose

May occur after a single large dose or when long-term use. If a single dose is less than 150 mg/kg, acute poisoning considered mild, 150-300 mg/kg - moderate, when using higher doses - severe.

Symptoms: salicylic syndrome (nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, blurred vision, dizziness, severe headache, general malaise, fever - a poor prognostic sign in adults). More severe poisoning includes stupor, convulsions and coma, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, severe dehydration, acid-base balance disorders (first respiratory alkalosis, then metabolic acidosis), renal failure and shock.

At chronic overdose the concentration determined in plasma does not correlate well with the severity of intoxication. Greatest risk of development chronic intoxication observed in elderly people when taking more than 100 mg/kg/day for several days. In children and elderly patients initial signs Salicylism is not always noticeable, so it is advisable to periodically determine the concentration of salicylates in the blood. Levels above 70 mg% indicate moderate or severe poisoning; above 100 mg% - extremely severe, prognostically unfavorable. In case of poisoning moderate severity hospitalization for at least 24 hours is required.

Treatment: provocation of vomiting, purpose activated carbon and laxatives, monitoring of acid-base balance and electrolyte balance; depending on the metabolic state - administration of sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate solution or sodium lactate. Increasing reserve alkalinity enhances the excretion of acetylsalicylic acid due to alkalinization of urine. Alkalinization of urine is indicated when the level of salicylates is above 40 mg%, provided by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate - 88 mEq in 1 liter of 5% glucose solution, at a rate of 10-15 ml/kg/h. Restoration of bcc and induction of diuresis (achieved by administering bicarbonate in the same dose and dilution, repeat 2-3 times); It should be borne in mind that intensive fluid infusion in elderly patients can lead to pulmonary edema. The use of acetazolamide for alkalinization of urine is not recommended (may cause acidemia and increase toxic effect salicylates). Hemodialysis is indicated when the level of salicylates is more than 100-130 mg%, and in patients with chronic poisoning- 40 mg% and lower if indicated (refractory acidosis, progressive deterioration, heavy defeat CNS, pulmonary edema and renal failure). For pulmonary edema - mechanical ventilation with an oxygen-enriched mixture in positive end-expiratory pressure mode; Hyperventilation and osmotic diuresis are used to treat cerebral edema.

Routes of administration

Inside.

Precautions for the substance Acetylsalicylic acid

Undesirable joint use with other NSAIDs and glucocorticoids. 5-7 days before surgery, it is necessary to stop taking the drug (to reduce bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period).

The likelihood of developing NSAID gastropathy is reduced when prescribed after meals, using tablets with buffer additives or coated with a special enteric coating. The risk of hemorrhagic complications is considered to be lowest when used in doses<100 мг/сут.

It should be borne in mind that in predisposed patients, acetylsalicylic acid (even in small doses) reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body and can cause the development of an acute attack of gout.

During long-term therapy, it is recommended to regularly perform blood tests and examine stool for occult blood. Due to observed cases of hepatogenic encephalopathy, it is not recommended for the relief of febrile syndrome in children.

Interactions with other active ingredients

Trade names

Name	The value of the Vyshkowski Index ®
	0.1073
	0.0852
	0.0676
	0.0305
	0.0134
	0.0085
	0.0079

There are drugs that do not need any special introduction. And it happens that the scope of a familiar product turns out to be much wider than we think. A good example is acetyl acid, familiar to most people since childhood. What does this drug help with and what possibilities does it contain?

Justified popularity

Acetyl acid is the same thing as aspirin. The substance has been known since the time of Hippocrates, when a natural healing substance was extracted from willow bark. People habitually call the drug aspirin, although its original name sounds exactly like “acetylsalicylic acid.”

The drug is widely known due to its reasonable cost, as well as its high effectiveness in the treatment of many diseases. Many people associate fever and chills with colds and ailments with taking this particular medicine. But what does acetyl acid not help with? In addition to fighting colds, the substance is actively used as a remedy for blood clots and headaches. This miracle drug is much more “multitasking” than many people think.

Instructions for use of acetyl acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an analgesic effect. When starting to take it, you should not only know the main indications, but also be aware of the possible additional properties of this unusual substance.

When is the drug used?

As a rule, acetyl acid is used to relieve pain of various etiologies, as well as to treat a number of inflammatory diseases. Indications for its use include the following:

high body temperature, which accompanies, in particular, respiratory tract infections;
headaches;
toothache;
severe pain during menstruation;
pain due to osteoarthritis;
neuralgia;
pain in muscles and joints;
pain due to osteochondrosis;
rheumatic fever;
rheumatoid arthritis.

Contraindications

The use of this active substance should be avoided in case of the following ailments and conditions:

age up to 15 years;
stomach and intestinal ulcers;
bleeding disorders;
tendency to bleed;
bearing a child and breastfeeding;
acute and chronic pathologies of the kidneys and liver;
hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Using medication to reduce fever for colds is the first thing that comes to mind for most people. Indeed, it copes with this task perfectly. In addition, the remedy helps eliminate chest pain due to lesions of the respiratory tract. However, to combat hyperthermia, it is more often recommended to use Paracetamol: the drug is safer and can be safely given to children

To reduce high body temperature, drink acetyl acid 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets. It is important to ensure that the daily dose of the substance does not exceed 4 g.

Treatment of rheumatism and joint pain

Acetyl acid has proven itself to be an effective remedy for various types of arthritis, rheumatoid and joint pain. For the treatment of such diseases, tablets are taken 2-3 g per day, divided into 3 times. A peculiarity of the treatment of joint diseases with their help is the duration of administration, which the doctor determines individually.

Antithrombotic properties

The use of the drug for the treatment and prevention of heart and vascular diseases became possible thanks to the discovery of its antiplatelet properties. It has such a fast and powerful antithrombotic effect that it is used for emergency treatment of heart attack, angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, and vascular thrombosis. Timely administration helps to avoid fatal consequences in a number of dangerous situations. However, it is worth remembering the negative aspects of the drug: it greatly irritates the intestinal mucosa. In this regard, the use of the drug for prevention should be discussed with a doctor, he should select a gentle dosage.

Skin care

The use of acetyl acid for acne in home cosmetology may seem surprising. However, our grandmothers knew this method of improving facial skin.

To combat acne and small pimples, the substance is used in the form of a solution. To create a product according to the simplest recipe, just dilute the tablets of the drug in boiled water, after which you can start applying it to the skin. The mask is kept on the face for 10-15 minutes, after which it is washed off.

A more complex and fast-acting recipe involves adding honey and lemon juice to the resulting solution. A teaspoon of the product is applied to problem areas of the skin for 10-15 minutes. This mask is quite aggressive, but it helps to get rid of acne very quickly.

Acetyl acid from pomelia

The benefits of acetylsalicylic acid for hangover syndrome are widely known among people. It is drunk after meals, washed down with water or milk. You can take no more than two tablets at a time. The product can be taken throughout the day, adhering to the maximum daily dosage.

It is important to remember that the combination of alcohol with acetyl acid can cause internal bleeding, so it is permissible to take the medicine no earlier than 6 hours after a violent feast.

By understanding what acetyl acid helps best and in what situations it is best to avoid it, you can use it effectively in many cases. The usual medicine has a fairly wide range of capabilities and can provide no less effective help than its more expensive “colleagues”.

Every day, millions of people open their home medicine cabinets in search of aspirin. It is taken for headaches, hangovers, and in many other cases. The medicine is so familiar that rarely does anyone look at the instructions to find out what acetylsalicylic acid helps with. But is this drug so safe, how can it help and harm the body?

One of the most famous medications is aspirin. Many people trust only him: it is inexpensive, tested over several generations. If your health worsens - you have a headache, a fever, or symptoms of ARVI appear, then aspirin becomes your salvation. Those who have had too much alcohol also resort to it. Even if you have a stomach ache, the same pill is used.

Over the years of “work” as an analgesic and antipyretic agent, acetylsalicylic acid has acquired a good reputation among patients. This drug is used all over the world and consistently demonstrates high effectiveness. In addition, aspirin can prevent the formation of blood clots and is prescribed to older people to thin the blood and prevent strokes.

At the same time, doctors began to suspect that aspirin was not as harmless as it previously seemed. Studies have shown that this medicine often provokes internal bleeding. If taken regularly and uncontrolled, it can cause serious disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (including causing ulcers). Cases of development of other pathologies have been recorded due to constant use of the drug. Thus, due to the ability of acetylsalicylic acid to increase vascular permeability, the composition of the blood may change, which negatively affects the clotting process.

There have been rumors that in some countries aspirin has become a banned drug. This is not true. It’s just not prescribed to children under 15 years of age, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who suffer from diseases of the digestive system. Acetylsalicylic acid is useful only for those individuals who are at risk for cerebral hemorrhage. Healthy people can take 1-2 aspirin tablets, but this should only be done if absolutely necessary. To avoid unpleasant (and dangerous) side effects, it is better not to abuse it.

Every medicine, even one as well-known and accessible as aspirin, should be used as directed. The main indications for its use are the following diseases and conditions:

fever;
headache (including migraine);
circulatory disorders (including blood supply to the brain);
thrombosis;
heart attack;
rheumatism;
pain of various origins.

During the cold season, acetylsalicylic acid can be especially useful. What does it help with? From the temperature that accompanies the infectious-inflammatory process. It is preferable to knock it down with water-soluble tablets or powders. The pop contains not only acetylsalicylic acid, but also vitamin C, which will help you fight a cold faster. If you only have a regular aspirin tablet on hand, you need to crush it. Effervescent aspirin is diluted in 50-70 ml of water at room temperature. The powder is poured into hot water.

Aspirin should not be taken on an empty stomach! You should take the tablet with a large portion of water or jelly, or even better, use milk for these purposes. The standard dosage is 0.25-1 g 3 to 4 times a day.

If the temperature lasts longer than 3 days, then you should stop taking acetylsalicylic acid and immediately call a doctor.

Today, more effective and safe drugs have been developed to combat fever - based on paracetamol or ibuprofen: Panadol, Paracetamol, Efferalgan. The likelihood of side effects when taking them is much lower than when using aspirin.

Many people have experience treating headaches with aspirin. The result is not always successful. So does acetylsalicylic acid help with headaches? If a person is suffering from ordinary pain (and not a migraine) and takes the pill at the first sign of discomfort, then yes, this drug will be effective.

If a headache occurs to an adult healthy person at work, then you can take a loading dose of acetylsalicylic acid - 2 tablets. If you have the opportunity to rest, then you shouldn’t risk it, it’s better to take 1 tablet.

Aspirin cannot be taken for a long time, so if the discomfort does not go away for several days, then you need to stop taking it and get examined, since headaches are a symptom of 40 diseases!

In the pharmacy assortment you can find more potent drugs of the same spectrum. They cost much more, but they also act quickly and much more delicately. These are Imet, Nurofen, Ibuprom.

Withdrawal (or hangover) syndrome is a painful condition that deprives a person of his ability to work and brings a lot of inconvenience. Many people know that aspirin is a good helper for someone who has drunk too much. Acetylsalicylic acid will bring relief from a hangover, but will only eliminate the external manifestations of poisoning (that is, headache, aching joints and muscles), but not the poison itself, and will not help free the body from ethanol breakdown products. Drinking aspirin is allowed no earlier than 6 hours after drinking alcohol.

The best option for eliminating hangover syndrome is effervescent aspirin. It contains adsorbents that remove toxins. The tablet is diluted in a large amount of water - this will reduce dehydration.

Another well-known drug that will “heal” after drinking too much is Alka-Seltzer.

How to take aspirin to thin the blood?

A problem such as thick blood becomes relevant in old age. Against the background of hormonal imbalance, platelet aggregation decreases, which leads to the appearance of blood clots. After 40 years (for women) and 45 years (for men), it is recommended to take blood thinning medications. And the first on their list is acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspirin is often prescribed to prevent thrombosis in adulthood. To do this, the drug should be taken for a long time (lifelong) in very small doses. The tablets are taken in the evening before bed with water. In an emergency, the tablet should be chewed or placed under the tongue. The daily dose of acetylsalicylic acid is 100 mg.

The drugs Cardiomagnyl, Warfarin, Aspercard have a similar effect.

Aspirin can not only be taken orally, but also used externally. In cosmetology, acetylsalicylic acid is often used for acne. To do this, apply a mask to the problem area. It’s easy to prepare: crush a few tablets, dilute with cool water, bring to a mushy consistency and apply to pimples for 5-7 minutes.

When does aspirin become poisonous?

Before you swallow another aspirin pill, it is advisable to make sure that you have no contraindications to taking it. First of all, this applies to women, since the drug cannot be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Medicines based on acetylsalicylic acid should not be taken if you have the following pathologies:

ulcer;
internal bleeding;
kidney and liver diseases;
nasal polyps in combination with asthmatic syndrome;
thrombocytopenia;
allergy to active ingredients.

For patients who suffer from gout, gastritis, anemia and cardiac dysfunction, it is better to obtain a doctor's permission before taking aspirin.

If the child is under 15 years old, then it is better not to conduct experiments and refuse treatment with aspirin, since WHO does not recommend this to avoid unforeseen complications. As a last resort, it is better to give preference to an effervescent drug: it has a more gentle effect on the digestive tract.

To minimize or completely eliminate side effects, you should not take the medicine for longer than 2-14 days, and the largest daily dose should not exceed 3 g (and it should be divided into 2-3 doses).

It is believed that 1-2 tablets of aspirin will not cause harm. In most cases this is true. But even short-term use of acetylsalicylic acid can cause the following undesirable reactions: