The level of uric acid is the most important marker used in the diagnosis various diseases. If it is low or high, this may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process, the deposition of salt crystals and a metabolic disorder.

If elevated uric acid in the blood is detected, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis and find out what provoked an increase in its concentration. An excess of this substance does not always indicate the presence of serious pathologies, since the value can also change due to minor factors, for example, increased physical activity and diets.

What it is

Uric acid is an organic compound produced by the liver as a result of the breakdown of purines and found in the blood plasma in the form of a sodium base. It is also known as rock acid.

If its level is within the normal range, no harm to tissues internal organs will not come from her.

Too much acid causes inflammatory process in cartilage and joints. Her increased content in the blood is considered dangerous, as it often leads to the development of acute inflammation.

Doctors say that most often its level rises with dysfunction of the urinary system, for example, with kidney stones. High levels of uric acid in international medicine called hyperuricemia.

Role in the body

In adults and children, the substance is present in the blood plasma, due to the breakdown of products with a purine base. If its production does not exceed the norm, the acid helps to neutralize free radicals, which minimizes the likelihood of the formation of cancerous tumors. It also promotes the removal of excess nitrogen.

It is important to note that in a small concentration, the acid is even beneficial, because it improves general state organism. But if its level suddenly rises, this is an occasion to think about your health and immediately consult a doctor.

Experts say that hyperuricemia often indicates the presence of dangerous pathologies which, in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to undesirable complications, up to death and death.

Norm for adults and children

Surprising as it may be, but in women and men, the level of acid can be very different, due to anatomical features. Also, the values ​​may vary depending on the age of the patient and his diet. Permissible Quantity of this substance can vary widely:

1. For children under 14 years of age, the allowable value is from 120 to 320 µmol / l (regardless of gender).
2. For the fair sex - from 150 to 350 µmol / l.
3. For men - from 210 to 430 µmol / l.

An increased rate of 250-430 µmol / l is considered the norm for people of retirement age, since after a certain milestone many metabolic processes are slowing down.

How to prepare for the analysis

To determine the level of acid, it is necessary to carry out biochemical analysis blood. Today, this method is recognized as the most efficient and effective. In order for the analysis to show a reliable result, a couple of days before the delivery of the biomaterial, doctors advise adhering to the following rules:

1. Refuse coffee, tea and natural juices.
2. It is forbidden to consume alcoholic products 24 hours before the procedure.
3. Smoking is not recommended one hour before the biochemical analysis.
4. The last meal should be done 9 hours before. If blood sampling is done in the morning or during the daytime, it is only allowed to drink water.
5. If the patient is taking any drugs or medicines, it is not recommended to donate blood for biochemistry, as the result will be unreliable. The analysis can be carried out only 3 weeks after treatment.
6. 3 days before going to the hospital, you should change your diet, you must completely abandon foods rich in purines (their greatest amount is found in meat, fish, beans and beans).
7. It is important to avoid stress and nervous tension.

Decoding of analyzes should be carried out by the attending physician. In case of an increase in the level of acid, he will prescribe proper treatment. In most cases, it takes no more than 2 days to decipher the biochemical analysis.

Why is analysis prescribed and how the results are deciphered

It should be noted that a biochemical blood test to check the level of uric acid is not considered standard. Usually, doctors prescribe it if they suspect the presence of diseases that provoke a slowdown in metabolism or kidney dysfunction.

Blood sampling is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach, usually no more than 10 ml is taken from the patient. The amount of metabolite gives the physician the opportunity to assess the condition of the organs and how well the body systems function.

In some laboratories, a form with the results is given directly to the patient. To decipher the result yourself, you need to know that the content of the compound is calculated in kilomoles per liter. This indicator indicates the number of molecules contained in 1 liter of blood.

Reasons for the increased value

It is impossible to independently determine what caused hyperuricemia, for this it is necessary to do an analysis in the clinic. Experts assure that in 70% of cases, pathology is diagnosed in men, which is due to their anatomical features.

Most probable causes increased values:

• malnutrition, the concentration of uric acid increases with overconsumption protein food;
• increased physical activity and regular sports training; in people who lead an active lifestyle, the level of the substance almost always exceeds the norm, the value grows especially strongly in the evening;
• strict diets, accompanied by prolonged fasting;
• abuse of alcoholic products.

An increased or decreased plasma acid content may be a sign of the presence of pathologies such as:

1. Renal failure and polycystic. With such diseases, a decrease in the indicator is usually diagnosed.
2. Arterial hypertension. A noticeable increase in uric acid is observed already in the second stage of the disease. If the patient is given timely competent treatment, the indicator will return to normal without specific therapy.
3. Elevated cholesterol.
4. Gout. In such cases, the disease is initially provoked by an increased content of acid in the blood.
5. Long term treatment certain medicines. More often, the violation occurs when taking diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as during chemotherapy and the treatment of cancer.
6. Pathology of the endocrine organs.

So that when the level of uric acid rises, doctors can assess the overall clinical picture and to understand what exactly provokes the deviation, you need to analyze it several times, only in this way it will be possible to objectively assess the dynamics.

Symptoms

On the initial stage hyperuricemia will practically not make itself felt. Since the symptoms of the pathology are mild, the patient until the last will not guess about the presence of the disease. Usually, the disease is diagnosed by chance during third-party tests or during a preventive examination.

If the level of uric acid concentration rises too high, the following symptoms may appear:

• periodical pain in the joints;
• appearance throughout the body small spots and sores;
• decrease in the volume of excreted urine;
• due to increased concentration salts knee joints and elbows may turn red;
• sharp drops pressure.

If the disease is provoked by a certain disease, it is prescribed drug treatment. But if the causes of the disease lie in external factors(malnutrition, abuse of sports), then to adjust the discussed indicator is assigned special diet, lifestyle change.

Basic Treatments

To eliminate hyperuricemia, an integrated approach is needed. The following measures help to lower the level of a substance in plasma:

1. Diet adjustment. The basis of the menu should be vegetable dishes and lean food. The consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited.
2. Taking medications with a diuretic effect (tablets should be selected only by the attending physician).
3. Increase fluid intake. Mineral water and natural compotes will help eliminate excess salts.

Diet

Properly selected foods are the key to success in the fight against this disease. The diet should be as balanced as possible and at the same time dietary. How to reduce the content of this acid in adults and children?

The first step should be completely excluded:

1. Alcoholic products.
2. Fatty meat dishes and broths.
3. River and sea fish.
4. Spices and condiments.
5. Sweets, jam.
6. Mushrooms.

The basis of the diet should be vegetables and fruits: beets, cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes, citrus fruits, apples. Can be consumed in unlimited quantities dairy products The main thing is that they are non-greasy.

To restore health and avoid complications, you will need to adhere to such a diet all your life, and not just during therapy.

Medication

If a change in diet does not improve, and the signs of pathology do not go away, the patient is prescribed medication. Most often, the following means are used to combat pathology:

1. Etamide. Reduces the concentration of the product in question in the blood by reducing its reabsorption by the kidneys. The drug is available in the form of tablets. If used incorrectly, it can cause many side effects. The medicine is not prescribed for children under 14 years of age.
2. Allopurinol. The positive effect is achieved by preventing the production of xanthine oxidase, which stimulates the synthesis of purine compounds.
3. Sulfinpyrazone. Increases acid excretion due to accelerated diuresis. The medicine is produced in the form of tablets and drops. Despite the fact that the drug is very effective, it gently affects the body, so it is prescribed even for children.

The use of folk methods

by the most effective ways are considered:

• Cowberry infusion. A handful of leaves should be washed and pour 400 ml of boiling water. The container is covered with a blanket and left for half an hour. After this time, the liquid must be filtered and taken every hour in a sip.
• Nettle juice. Getting it is easy enough. It is necessary to pick fresh leaves, wash and squeeze them properly. The liquid is drunk three times a day pure form without additives, 15 ml.
• Apple juice. To it you need to add a few pieces of apple, fried on butter. The medicine is taken daily, the minimum duration of treatment is 2 weeks.

Possible Complications

Doctors warn patients that in the absence of competent treatment, hyperuricemia can lead to the most undesirable consequences up to the formation of kidney stones and the development of a heart attack.

Very often in patients suffering from this disease develop gout and arthritis. These pathologies have a negative impact on the quality of life, because they provoke severe pain, which will be difficult to eliminate even with the help of modern medicines.

In some cases, the complications become so severe that the patient becomes disabled and is given a certificate of disability.

Prevention

It is much wiser not to treat the disease, but simply to prevent its development. Experts assure that the likelihood of hyperuricemia is significantly reduced if the following recommendations are followed:

1. Every morning you need to do gymnastics. Very useful fast walking and running in the fresh air.
2. It is important to monitor your diet and try to exclude harmful foods from it.
3. Filtered water with the addition of lemon slices helps to eliminate the accumulation of salts.
4. Must pass once a year spa treatment using special baths that improve blood circulation.

An increased concentration of uric acid in the blood is not dangerous for the body only if the deviation is caused by external factors. To avoid development serious illnesses, you need to monitor your diet, as well as add minimal physical activity to your life, which will not only improve metabolic processes, but also help to tighten your figure, give positive emotions.

It performs important functions in the human body. However, with her high values experts are suspicious of serious problems with the patient's health. Treatment in this case is carried out with an integrated approach.

Uric acid - what is this substance and what is its norm

Uric acid is an organic element formed as a result of the breakdown of purines under the influence of xanthine oxidase. It is mainly produced in the liver due to metabolic processes. This substance is found in plasma and increased amount is a crystalline formation of sodium salts, which are oxidized and remove excess nitrogen from the body.

In the body, this acid performs important functions:

• Provides stimulation and enhancement of the action of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which affects the functions of the central nervous and peripheral systems.
• It has an antioxidant effect, which is to protect against free radicals and prevent the formation of cancer cells.

The level of acid in the blood depends on many factors. In addition, it varies depending on the age and health of the person.An increased level of this acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia in medical terminology.

To determine the level of uric acid, experts prescribe. For this, blood must be taken from a vein. For more reliable results When preparing for the study, the following recommendations are required:

• Donate blood on an empty stomach in the morning.
• Before analysis, it is desirable to exclude physical activity and psycho-emotional overstrain.
• A few days before the study, it is not recommended to eat foods that contain a large amount of purine.
• When taking medications on the eve of the diagnosis, it is important to inform the specialist about this.
• You can drink only clean, non-carbonated water before donating blood.
• Stop smoking two hours before the test.

If certain diseases are suspected, the doctor may prescribe and additional research blood.

The rate of uric acid largely depends on the age criterion, as well as gender:

• In men - from 200 to 420 micromoles per liter.
• In women - from 160 to 320 micromoles per liter.
• In children under 14 years old - from 120 to 300 units of measurement.
• For men over 60 years of age, fluctuations from 240 to 490 micromoles per liter are possible.
• In women after 60 years of age, the level is from 210 to 430 µmol.
• From the age of 90 years, a level from 130 to 490 is considered a normal indicator.

Why the level rises, symptoms of high content

Depending on the main reasons for the increase in uric acid, two forms of hyperuricemia are distinguished: primary and secondary.

The primary form is considered congenital, it is also called idiopathic. In this case, during the metabolism of purine, some fermentation disturbances occur, so uric acid is produced in excess. Usually congenital disease observed in rare cases.

Such hyperuricemia is provoked by the following conditions:

• Lesch-Nigan syndrome
• Kelly-Sigmiller Syndrome
• Increased production of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase, which results from congenital disorder metabolism

The secondary form is often due to excess ingestion of purine into the human body along with food. A large amount of this substance is found in foods such as legumes, pork, beef (tongue, liver, brains, kidneys).

In addition, increased uric acid may indicate various pathological processes that take place in the human body.

The main causes in this case are such diseases:

• AIDS
• Fanconi syndrome
• Hypereosinophilia ( high level eosinophils in the blood)
• Gout
• malignant neoplasm
• erysipelas
• Tuberculosis
• Psoriasis
• Leukemia
• Pneumonia
• Eczema

The substance rises with severe and extensive burns, diseases of the gallbladder and allergies. Another factor in the high content of this substance in the blood is intoxication of the body as a result of large doses alcohol. The factors in which this acid exceeds the norm include overweight body, frequent use of alcohol-containing drinks, exhaustion of the body, lack of vitamins, physical inactivity, taking diuretics, anti-tuberculosis drugs.

More information about gout can be found in the video:

Hyperuricemia is considered a sign of atherosclerosis, coronary disease, rheumatism, hypoparathyroidism, acromegaly. Uric acid can rise with toxicosis in pregnant women.

With a high content of a substance in the blood, the following symptoms are observed:

• The occurrence of dental stones
• Decreased performance
• Soreness in the joints
• Chronic fatigue
• General weakness
• Sleep disturbance
• Hyperemia of the skin
• Increase in body temperature
• Digestive disorders
• Decrease in the number of urination
• The fall
• Weak heartbeat

Also, the pathological condition may be accompanied by other symptoms characteristic of certain disease resulting in an increase in uric acid.

Treatment with medication

To lower the amount of uric acid, it is important to direct the treatment to eliminate the disease that provoked the increase in the substance in the blood. The therapy is carried out with an integrated approach. The following methods are used for this:

• Medications.
• Recipes for alternative medicine.
• Diet.
• Physiotherapy procedures.

There are many drugs on the pharmaceutical market that effectively remove uric acid from the body and also block its synthesis. These funds include:

• Diuretics - Furosemide, Mannitol, Hypothiazid, Lasix, Torasemide, Diakarb, Amiloride.
• Blockers of the synthesis of a substance in the liver - Colchicine, Anturan, Allopurinol, Benzobromarone, Sulfinpyrazole, Urodan.

You are not allowed to use these medicines on your own. Only an experienced specialist can prescribe them and determine the dosage, taking into account the underlying disease, the nature of its course, and also individual characteristics patient.

Folk remedies

• birch leaves
• Nettle
• Strawberries and currants (leaves)
• Cowberry
• Blueberries
• Highlander
• Grape leaves

To prepare these decoctions, it is necessary to pour a spoonful of raw materials with a glass of boiling water and let it brew.

Removes uric acid from the body carrot tops. It is crushed and poured with boiled water, after which the remedy is infused and filtered. Drink a quarter cup three times a day. For this purpose it is also suitable Fresh Juice carrots.

With gout, which is most often accompanied by a high number uric acid, you can do foot baths using a decoction of chamomile, calendula and sage.

Diet for High Uric Acid

If the values ​​​​of the substance in the blood are increased, then a certain diet should be followed, which requires the rejection of following products supply:

• Fatty meat broths
• Smoked meats
• Pickled vegetables
• Mushrooms
• Sorrel
• Legumes
• Sour cream
• Ryazhenka
• Chocolate
• Puff pastry or pastry
• Spices
• Spices
• Shrimps

It is important to establish a drinking regimen. It is advisable for the patient to drink more than two liters of fluid per day. It's better to drink plain water. The use of coffee, tea should be limited, and carbonated drinks and energy drinks should be completely excluded from the diet. It is also forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages.Nutrition with an increased acid content should be fractional.Fasting is strongly discouraged.

Should be consumed daily fresh vegetables, berries and fruits, as well as juices from them, low-fat dairy products.

With hyperuricemia, physiotherapeutic procedures are also used. The most commonly prescribed hirudotherapy, acupuncture, manual therapy, acupressure, stone and moxotherapy.

Possible Complications

With a prolonged increase in the substance in the body, sodium salts are deposited in the organs, as a result of which they are damaged. This violation leads to severe complications which include the following pathologies:

• angina pectoris
• Hypertension
• myocardial infarction

In case of damage to the nervous system, the following conditions may occur:

• Aggression
• Sleep problems
• Visual impairment
• Migraine

To prevent such complications, it is important to follow all the instructions of the attending physician.

Uric acid (UA) is one of the most important markers of the state of purine metabolism in the body. In healthy people, normally, its rate can increase with increased consumption of foods containing purine nucleotides ( fatty meat, offal, beer, etc.).

Pathological increase may be associated with the breakdown of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid after taking cytostatic drugs, widespread malignant tissue damage, severe atherosclerosis, cardiovascular pathologies etc.

If uric acid in the blood is elevated, the risk of developing a common pathology, which is also called the "kings' disease" (due to the consumption of expensive fatty foods) is gout. The same bump on the leg in the area thumb.

For reference. The level of uric acid is one of the most important markers in the initial diagnosis of gout and subsequent monitoring of the course of the disease.

Due to the utilization of MK from the body, excess nitrogen is excreted. At healthy person Purines are formed as a result of the natural process of cell death and regeneration, and they also come in small quantities with food.

Normally, during their breakdown, uric acid is formed, which, after interacting with the enzyme xanthine oxidase in the liver, is transferred by the bloodstream to the kidneys. After filtration, about seventy percent of UA is excreted in the urine, and the remaining 30% is transported to the gastrointestinal tract and disposed of in the feces.

Attention. With massive destruction of cells, genetic predisposition to increased synthesis of uric acid, kidney disease, accompanied by a violation of the excretion of UA, etc., there is an increase in its level in the blood.

What is uric acid in the blood

An increase in the level of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia. Due to the fact that uric acid is eliminated from the body mainly with urine, an increase in its level may be associated with kidney damage.

With a decrease in its utilization from the body, it begins to accumulate in the blood in the form sodium salt. The development of hyperuricemia contributes to the crystallization of Na urates. This leads to the development of urolithiasis.

Long-term elevated uric acid in the blood can become a trigger factor in the development of gout, a pathology in which crystallized UA is deposited in joint fluid causing inflammation and joint damage. Later, with the progression of the disease, uric acid urates accumulate in the organs (gouty lesions of the renal structures) and soft tissues.

Na urate crystallization in hyperuricemia is due to the extremely low solubility of the uric acid salt. It should be noted that hyperuricemia itself is not a separate disease. It should be considered as a risk factor for metabolic disorders, as well as a symptom of certain diseases.

At the same time, it is important to remember that the level of uric acid in the blood is a rather labile indicator and depends on age, gender, cholesterol levels, alcohol consumption, etc.

Important. When interpreting the tests, it must be taken into account that in children the level of uric acid will be lower than in adults. Also, the rate of uric acid in the blood in women will be lower than in men. MK values ​​are fully equalized only after sixty years.

Uric acid in urine

Severe hyperuricemia, respectively, is accompanied by increased levels of UA in the urine. However, kidney diseases, accompanied by a decrease in their filtration capacity, are accompanied by reduced level UA in the urine with its high content in the blood (due to reduced utilization).

Important. It should also be noted that for a comprehensive assessment of the state of kidney function and protein metabolism in the body, UA must be evaluated in combination with other non-protein nitrogenous substances: and urea.

Uric acid test

To determine the content of uric acid in the blood, a colorimetric (photometric) method is used. The test material is blood from a vein. Assay responses are recorded in micromoles per liter (µmol/L).

Increased (or reduced) content of uric acid in the urine is detected using the enzymatic (uricase) method. Daily urine is used as the test material. The results of the analysis are recorded per day in millimoles (mmol/day).

For a reliable assessment of the level of uric acid in the blood, the following rules must be observed:

• blood sampling must be carried out exclusively on an empty stomach;
• the use of tea, coffee, compotes, juices, carbonated drinks, as well as smoking is excluded for twelve hours;
• the use of alcoholic beverages can significantly affect the results of the analysis, so their intake should be excluded for a week;
• on the eve of the diagnosis, you should follow a diet with low content purines and proteins;
• a half-hour rest is necessary before blood sampling;
• for a day exclude psycho-emotional and physical stress;
• the doctor and laboratory assistants should be informed about the medications taken by the patient;
• children under five years of age should drink chilled water within half an hour before taking the test. boiled water(up to 150-200 milliliters).

The study of the values ​​of uric acid in the blood in without fail performed for: – diagnosis and monitoring of gout treatment,

• control of therapy with cytostatic drugs,
• diagnosis of gestosis in pregnant women,
• lymphoproliferative diseases,
• assessment of the filtration capacity of the kidneys,
• ICD (urolithiasis),
• blood diseases.

UA in the blood must be examined in patients with symptoms of gout. For the disease are indicative:

• inflammation of the joints on one side (that is, the lesion is asymmetrical),
• sharp, burning pains,
• swelling,
• hyperemia of the skin over the inflamed joint.

The defeat of the big toe is especially characteristic, inflammation of the knee, ankle and other joints is less common. Also, the appearance of tophi is highly specific - gouty nodules (deposits of MK salts).

Attention! The level of UA in the urine is also examined for lead intoxication and the diagnosis of folic deficiency.

When interpreting the tests, factors should be taken into account in which an increase in uric acid in the blood will be false positive. These include:

• stress,
• heavy physical activity,
• excessive consumption of purines with food,
• use:
  • steroid media,
  • nicotinic acid,
  • thiazide diuretics,
  • furosemide,
  • blockers,
  • caffeine,
  • ascorbic acid,
  • cyclosporine,
  • small doses of acetylsalicylic acid,
  • calcitriol,
  • clopidogrel,
  • diclofenac,
  • ibuprofen,
  • indomethacin,
  • piroxicam.

A false decrease in uric acid levels in the blood is observed when:

• following a low purine diet
• drinking before the analysis of tea or coffee,
• treatment:
  • allopurinol,
  • glucocorticosteroids,
  • warfarin,
  • antiparkinsonian drugs,
  • amlodipine
  • verapamil,
  • vinblastine
  • methotrexate,
  • spirolactone.

Also, it should be noted that the level of UA can fluctuate during the day. In the morning, the level of UA is higher than in the evening.

When assessing UA in urine, one should adhere to ground rules collection of daily urine. Therefore, the day before the study, products that stain urine and diuretic drugs are excluded. Urine excreted with the first morning portion is not counted.

All other material obtained during the day (including the morning portion the next day) must be collected in one container. The resulting material should be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of four to eight degrees.

After sampling daily urine, its volume should be clearly determined, shaken and drained into a sterile container about five milliliters. This amount should be taken to the laboratory for analysis.

The referral form should indicate gender, age, weight, daily diuresis, and medications taken.

Attention! It is important to remember that women do not take urine during menstruation.

Normal values ​​of MK in the blood

• for children under fourteen is in the range from 120 to 320 µmol / l;
• from the age of fourteen, sex differences are observed in the analyzes. Uric acid in the blood: the norm in women is from 150 to 350. The norm of uric acid in men is from 210 to 420.

It should also be borne in mind that the rate of uric acid in the blood may vary slightly in different laboratories.

Uric acid. Norm in daily urine

In babies up to a year, the results of the analysis should be in the range from 0.35 to 2.0 mmol / l.

From one to four years - from 0.5 to 2.5.

From four to eight years - from 0.6 to three.

From eight to fourteen - from 1.2 to six.

In children older than fourteen, UA in urine ranges from 1.48 to 4.43.

Uric acid in the blood is elevated. Causes

An increase in UA in the blood is observed with:

• gout;
• alcohol abuse;
• myeloproliferative pathologies;
• diabetic ketoacidosis;
• AKI and CKD (acute and chronic insufficiency kidneys);
• gestosis in pregnant women;
• exhaustion after prolonged fasting;
• increased consumption of foods that contain purines;
• hereditary hyperuricemia;
• lymphomas;
• typhoid fever;
• malignant neoplasms;
• treatment with cytotoxic drugs;
• leukemia;
• acute heart failure;
• hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism;
• tuberculosis;
• genetically determined, pathologically increased synthesis of UA (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome);
• severe pneumonia;
• erysipelas;
• down syndrome;
• blood diseases (hemolytic and sickle cell anemia);
• exacerbation of psoriasis;
• lead intoxication.

Important. Also, uric acid in the blood is increased in patients with obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia.

Uric acid is low when:

• liver diseases (including alcoholic cirrhosis);
• Fanconi syndrome (a defect in the development of the renal tubules, accompanied by a decrease in the reabsorption of UA);
• hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Konovalov);
• lack of xanthine oxidase (xanthinuria);
• lymphogranulomatosis;
• abnormal production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone);
• following a low purine diet.

Changes in urine levels

• gout,
• blood cancers,
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
• cystinosis,
• hepatitis of viral etiology,
• sickle cell anemia,
• severe pneumonia,
• after epileptic seizures
• hepatocerebral dystrophy.

A decrease in UA in daily urine is detected in patients with:

• xanthinuria,
• folic deficiency states,
• lead poisoning,
• severe muscle atrophy.

How to lower uric acid

With gout drug therapy is selected individually and depends on the severity of gouty arthritis and the presence of complications. For cupping acute attack use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine.

In order to prevent relapses of gouty arthritis, antihyperuricemic therapy (allopurinol) is selected. As an alternative to allopurinol, uricosuric drugs (probenecid, sulfinpyrazone) can be prescribed.

In patients with hyperuricemia caused by treatment with thiazide diuretics, the use of losartan (an angiotensin II receptor antagonist) is advisable.

It is also possible to use potassium citrate (Urocyte-K). The drug contributes to the active utilization of MK crystals.

Non-drug treatment consists of:

• weight normalization;
• increased fluid intake;
• following a low-calorie and low-carbohydrate diet, with an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(diet with high uric acid is required);
• refusal to take alcoholic beverages.

The diet for hyperuricemia provides for the maximum restriction of foods containing a lot of purines (fatty meat and fish, mushrooms, sorrel, chocolate, cocoa, nuts, spinach, asparagus, legumes, eggs, offal, beer). In the period of exacerbation of gouty arthritis, these products are completely excluded.

Also, with gout, it is harmful to consume any fatty, fried, spicy foods, carbonated sugary drinks, alcohol and strong tea.

Important. If possible, it is desirable to completely eliminate the intake of alcohol. In the period of stable remission, a glass of dry wine is allowed, no more than three times a week.

Also, it is important to limit the intake of foods containing fructose as much as possible. The use of sweets, berries, fruits, syrups, ketchup is limited.

Muffin and puff pastry should be replaced with whole grain products. You should also increase your intake of vegetables.

It is better to give preference to dairy products that have a low fat content. Low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, cereals cooked in diluted milk are useful.

Increased fluid intake (in the absence of cardiovascular disease and pathologies of the kidneys) also contributes to a decrease in UA and the achievement of stable remission.

What is uric acid? Many do not know this. This component is not only urine, but also blood. It is a marker of purine metabolism. Its concentration in the blood helps specialists diagnose a number of diseases, including gout. Based on the level of content given element in the blood, it is possible to monitor the body's response to treatment.

What is this element?

Metabolic processes are constantly going on in the human body. The result of the exchange can be salts, acids, alkalis and many others. chemical compounds. To get rid of them, they need to be delivered to the appropriate part of the body. This task is carried out with the help of blood, which is filtered by the kidneys. Thus, the presence of uric acid in the urine is explained.

Let's see what it is in more detail. Uric acid is the end product of the breakdown of purine bases. These elements enter the body with food. Purines are involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), ATP energy molecules, and coenzymes.

It is worth noting that purines are not the only source of uric acid formation. It can be the result of the breakdown of body cells due to disease or old age. The source for the formation of uric acid can be synthesis in any cell of the human body.

The breakdown of purines occurs in the liver and intestines. Cells of the mucous membrane secrete a special enzyme - xanthine oxidase, with which purines react. The end result of this "transformation" is an acid.

It contains sodium and calcium salts. The share of the first component is 90%. In addition to salts, this includes hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

If uric acid is higher than normal, this indicates a violation of the metabolic process. As a result of such a failure, salts are deposited in the tissues in people, and as a result, serious diseases develop.

Functions

Despite the fact that excess uric acid can cause significant harm to the body, it is still impossible to do without it. It performs protective functions and has useful properties.

For example, in the process of protein metabolism, it acts as a catalyst. Its influence extends to the hormones responsible for brain activity- epinephrine and noradrenaline. This means that its presence in the blood helps to stimulate the brain. Its action is similar to caffeine. People who have high levels of uric acid in the blood since birth are more active and proactive.

It has acidic and antioxidant properties that help heal wounds and fight inflammation.

Uric acid in the human body performs protective functions. She fights free radicals. As a result, the risk of the appearance and development of benign and cancerous tumors is reduced.

Delivery of analysis

A similar analysis is prescribed to determine the patient's state of health, as well as to diagnose a disease that could cause an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. To obtain true results, you must first prepare for blood donation.

8 hours before visiting the laboratory, you can not eat, the biomaterial is taken on an empty stomach. Spicy, salty and peppery foods, meat and offal, legumes should be excluded from the menu. This diet should be followed the day before blood donation. During the same period, you need to stop using alcoholic beverages especially from wine and beer.

Uric acid above normal may be due to stress, emotional overstrain or physical activity on the eve of the test.

The results can be distorted medications diuretic, vitamin C, caffeine, insulin, beta-blockers and ibuprofen. If it is impossible to refuse such medicines, then you should warn the doctor before taking the test.

The laboratory will take deoxygenated blood. The results of the study are prepared within a day.

Norm indicators

If the results of the biochemical analysis showed figures corresponding to the data given in the table below, then everything is normal.

As can be seen from the table, the level increases with age. Highest value in older men, this is the norm of uric acid in the blood, since the need for proteins in male body above. This means that they consume more purine-rich foods and as a result, increased uric acid in the blood.

What can cause deviations from the norm?

The level of uric acid in the blood depends on the balance of 2 processes:

• protein synthesis,
• The intensity of the excretion of end products of protein metabolism.

When a protein metabolism disorder occurs, this can provoke an increase in the content of this acid in the blood. The concentration of uric acid in the blood plasma above the normal range is referred to as hyperuricemia, the concentration below the norm - hypouricemia. Concentrations of uric acid in the urine above and below normal are known as hyperuricosuria and hypouricosuria. Salivary uric acid levels may be related to blood uric acid levels.

Causes of hyperuricemia:

• Taking diuretics (diuretics)
• Decrease in the rate of excretion of substances by the kidneys,
• Toxicosis,
• Alcoholism,
• kidney failure,
• Malnutrition or prolonged fasting.

An overestimated content can also occur with diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, cancer, etc.

It should be noted that even slightly elevated level this substance can cause the formation of solid deposits of uric acid salts - urates - in organs and tissues.

Increased rate

Now we will find out why uric acid in the blood is elevated: causes, symptoms and consequences.

In medicine, hyperuricemia is divided into two types: primary and secondary.

Primary hyperuricemia

This type is congenital or idiopathic. This pathology occurs with a frequency of 1%. Such patients have a hereditary defect in the structure of the enzyme, which is reflected in the processing of purine. As a result, there is high content uric acid in the blood.

The appearance of secondary hyperuricemia may occur due to malnutrition. Use in large quantities products containing purine can significantly increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine.

Hyperuricemia of this type may be associated with the following conditions:

Gout is a painful condition caused by needle-like crystals of uric acid deposited in the joints, capillaries, skin and other tissues. Gout can occur if the serum uric acid level reaches 360 µmol/l, but there are cases when the serum uric acid value reaches 560 µmol/l, but does not cause gout.

V human body Purines are metabolized to uric acid, which is then excreted in the urine. Regular intake of certain types of purine-rich foods - meats, especially beef and pork liver (liver, heart, tongue, kidneys) and certain types of seafood, including anchovies, herring, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout, haddock, mackerel and tuna. There are also foods that are less dangerous to eat: turkey, chicken and rabbit meat. Moderate consumption of purine-rich vegetables is not associated with increased risk gout. Gout used to be called the "disease of kings" because fine dining and red wine are high in purines.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

This extremely rare hereditary disorder is also associated with high serum uric acid levels. In this syndrome, spasticity, involuntary movement and cognitive retardation, as well as manifestations of gout, are observed.

Hyperuricemia may increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Stones in the kidneys

Saturation levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to one form of kidney stones when urates crystallize in the kidneys. crystals acetic acid may also promote calcium oxalate stone formation by acting as "seed crystals"

Kelly-Sigmiller Syndrome,

Increased activity of the synthesis of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase,

Patients with this disease do a biochemical analysis for an increase in uric acid annually.

Secondary hyperuricemia

This phenomenon may be a sign of such diseases:

• AIDS,
• Fanconi syndrome,
• Cancer tumors
• Diabetes mellitus (Hyperuricemia may be a consequence of insulin resistance in diabetes rather than its precursor)
• High degree burns
• hypereosinophilia syndrome.

There are other reasons for the increase in uric acid - a violation in the functioning of the kidneys. They cannot remove excess acids from the body. As a result, kidney stones may appear.

High levels of uric acid are observed in such diseases:

• Pneumonia,
• Tuberculosis,
• Methyl alcohol poisoning
• Eczema,
• Typhoid fever,
• Psoriasis,
• Erysipelas,
• Leukemia.

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

There are cases when the patient has no symptoms of the disease, and the indicators are elevated. This state called asymptomatic hyperuricemia. It occurs in acute gouty arthritis. Indicators for this disease are unstable. At first, the acid content seems to be normal, but after a while the numbers can increase by 2 times. At the same time, these differences in the patient's well-being are not reflected. This course of the disease is possible in 10% of patients.

Symptoms of hyperuricemia

With hyperuricemia, the symptoms in different age groups are different.

In very young children, the disease manifests itself in the form skin rashes: diathesis, dermatitis, allergies or psoriasis. Peculiarity similar manifestations is resistance to standard methods therapy.

In older children, the symptoms are somewhat different. They may have stomach ache, incoherent speech and enuresis.

The course of the disease in adults is accompanied by pain in the joints. The feet and joints of the fingers are the first to enter the affected area. The disease then spreads its effect to the knees and elbow joints. V advanced cases, skin covering over the affected area turns red and becomes hot. Over time, patients begin to hurt the stomach and lower back during urination. If timely measures are not taken, then the vessels will suffer and nervous system. A person will be tormented by insomnia and headache. All this can lead to a heart attack, angina pectoris and arterial hypertension.

Treatment

Some experts prescribe medications to ensure that uric acid in the blood is normal. But certain food diet over the rest of life is more effective method treatment.

If the patient has been diagnosed with hyperuricemia, then treatment includes adhering to a diet. The patient's diet additionally includes:

carrot juice,

Birch juice,

Flax seed,

celery juice,

oatmeal broth,

Cranberry juice,

Rosehip infusion.

These herbal infusions and juices contribute to the rapid dissolution and leaching of salt sediment from the body.

Fatty, meat broths, fried, salted, smoked and pickled foods are excluded. Meat can only be eaten boiled or baked. It is recommended to stop using meat broths, since purines, when cooked, pass from meat to broth. Restriction on the intake of meat - 3 times a week.

Under a special ban alcoholic beverages. In exceptional cases, only 30 g of vodka is allowed. Beer and red wine are especially contraindicated.

Give preference to alkaline mineral water.

Salt intake should be kept to a minimum. Ideally, it's best to avoid it altogether.

It is necessary to monitor the frequency of meals. Fasting can only aggravate the patient's condition and increase the level of uric acid. Therefore, the number of meals per day should be 5-6 times. Fasting days it is better to carry out on fermented milk products and fruits.

Some types of products should be excluded from the menu:

• Sorrel,
• Salad,
• Tomatoes,
• Grape,
• Chocolate,
• Eggs,
• Coffee,
• cakes,
• Turnip,
• Eggplant.

Apples, potatoes, plums, pears, apricots contribute to lowering the level of uric acid. Water balance should also be monitored - 2.5 liters of fluid per day should be drunk.

Physiotherapy can also be used to treat high acid levels in the blood. So plasmapheresis will help cleanse the blood of excess salts. should not be neglected and therapeutic gymnastics. A number of simple exercises (swinging legs, “biking”, walking in place, etc.) will help stabilize the metabolism. Massage also promotes the breakdown of uric acid salts.

Of the drugs, complexes are prescribed that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic and analgesic properties. There are 3 types of drugs for hyperuricemia:

• The action, which is aimed at removing excess uric acid: Probenecid, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol.
• Contributing to the reduction of acid production. They are prescribed to patients who have undergone urolithiasis and those diagnosed with kidney failure
• Helping to transfer uric acid from tissue into the blood, and contributing to its excretion: "Zinkhoven".

The course of treatment involves the diagnosis and elimination concomitant diseases and the factors that caused them. Thus, eliminating the causes that caused the increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. If uric acid in the blood is elevated, then this negatively affects the human condition. A salt deposit settles on tissues and organs. The treatment of such a deviation is versatile: diet, physiotherapy, medications and ethnoscience. All these techniques in combination can help normalize the level of acid.

Almost every second person feels an increase blood pressure, lumbar pain or discomfort in the joints. In trying to eliminate these symptoms, very often we treat the wrong diseases. And, as a rule, this does not bring any result, because the reason for their appearance is a change in the level of uric acid, which many have not even heard of. Let's try to understand the topic "uric acid in the blood is increased, causes, symptoms and treatment", and find out what actions need to be taken in order not to encounter such a disease.

Before dealing with the reasons for the increase uric acid in the blood, you must first find out what it is.

Uric acid is the end product of the processing of purine bases, the formation of which occurs in the liver. In the blood, it combines with carbon dioxide, after which it is excreted along with the urine. Among her important functions the following can be distinguished:

1. It is aimed at activating and enhancing the action of adrenaline and norepinephrine. In turn, this leads to stimulation of the human brain and the entire nervous system.
2. Uric acid - strongest antioxidant. Its presence in the urine blocks the development of cancer.

Norms of indicators of uric acid constantly vary even in an adult. Its amount is affected by the food you ate the day before, as well as the intensity of physical activity. In case of violations in the work of the kidneys or liver, its rate rises sharply, and the excess can be deposited for internal tissues and organs, thereby clogging the human body.

Uric acid in the blood is elevated symptoms

Symptoms that accompany an increase in uric acid in the blood, can be very different. For each person, they manifest themselves individually, and in most cases they are not even associated with this issue. The most common are: general malaise, as well as the rapid onset of fatigue. Red spots may appear on the skin, and a stone plaque on the teeth, which is not typical. If elevated acid stored in the body long time, then this can affect the work of the cardiovascular system: constant cardiac colic and regular pain in the head. crash hormonal background leads to the appearance of lethargy, which is replaced by a sharp excitability, as well as a depressive state.

In young children, the symptoms of an increase in uric acid may manifest as a permanent skin rash. Most often, doctors begin to immediately treat dermatitis, or else explain everything allergic reaction, ignoring the real reason. V school age abdominal pain, frequent urination (as in daytime, and at night), stuttering or a nervous tic.

There are a lot of reasons that accompany an increase in the level of uric acid, ranging from malnutrition to all kinds of diseases.

• Regular debilitating diets, which can lead to failure of the excretory functions of the kidneys.
• Large amounts of purines are found in red wine and beer. Excessive use of them leads to a malfunction of the kidneys, and as a result, to an increase in uric acid.
• Taking medications such as Furosemide and Aspirin.
• Regular use in in large numbers meat and fish.
• Increased regular exercise leads to accelerated process protein breakdown, which also affects the increase in acid.

In addition to these reasons, the following diseases also affect uric acid levels:

• Arterial hypertension. The course of this disease can be greatly aggravated due to an increase in uric acid, as there is severe violation in the work of the kidneys. In most cases, treatment aimed at the underlying disease automatically leads to a decrease in performance. But sometimes there are cases when it is also necessary to adhere to a special diet.
• Gout. This disease is in any case associated with the kidneys. In this situation, the increase in acid affects the joints and can lead to atherosclerosis.
• Various kidney diseases. Some may even lead to the formation of stones.
• Increased cholesterol levels, as well as lipoprotein.
• Diseases such as acromegaly, diabetes mellitus and some others associated with endocrine system person.
• Various diseases circulatory system. The most common are leukemia, hemolytic anemia etc.
• Psoriasis.

Of course, the list can be further expanded and expanded, but the cases that we have listed are the most common. There are situations when the level of uric acid rises without obvious reasons. Experts attribute this phenomenon to independent factors.

We have dealt with you the main causes of increased uric acid in the blood, now let's find out , how to treat such an ailment.

In order for the treatment to positive result, it must be carried out in several stages:

1. Using drugs, you need to get rid of pain and stop the inflammation process. Ibuprofen, Ketorolac and others can help here.
2. Treatment diuretic drugs. The most common are Cochicine, Allopurinol and so on.
3. Follow diet food. Reduce the consumption of foods containing proteins, stop drinking coffee and eating chocolate. You can not use canned food and alcohol. Focus on dairy products, vegetables, fruits. Drink more water.
4. Take a course of physical therapy.

Uric acid in the blood is the norm in women

When comparing readings uric acid in the blood, the norm in women, men and children is different from each other. For women, these figures range from 150 to 350 mmol / liter. Such values ​​are typical up to 60 years. With increasing age, the indicators for men and women become close to each other.

Uric acid in the blood is the norm in men

Uric acid in the blood: normal in men, it is slightly higher and varies between 210-410 mmol / liter. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that men consume more protein foods in order to build muscle mass.

If you have uric acid in the blood is elevated, then return it to normal indicators will help you choose the right diet and nutrition.

1. Review your diet. Reduce portions and eat 3-4 times. If uric acid is elevated, then in no case do not starve and do not follow any diet other than medical.
2. Eliminate full use alcoholic drinks, strong tea and coffee, as well as various store drinks.
3. Try to minimize the consumption of fatty and salty meat, fish, broths, smoked meats, semi-finished products. Also, you can not eat legumes, radishes, sorrel.
4. Avoid sweets and sweets.
5. Drink at least two liters of fluid daily, with water in preference.
6. Review the amount of salt you consume per day. Start undersalting your meals. Accordingly, stop eating sauces, marinades and canned food.
7. Type in daily ration More fiber in the form of fruits and vegetables. It will be good if you start consuming dairy products, fresh juices, as well as lean varieties fish and meat.

If the diet does not give any results, then you need to start drug treatment. But again, do not prescribe any drugs to yourself. Before starting any treatment, you should be examined by a specialist. It will take into account your age and physical indicators, and only then will give the necessary recommendations.