Allergies can occur to the fur of certain types of animals, various foods, dust, medications, chemicals, insect bites and pollen. Substances that cause allergies are called. In some cases, allergic reactions are so mild that you may not even know you have an allergy at all.

But allergies can, on the contrary, be extremely dangerous and even life-threatening. People suffering from allergies may experience a severe pathological condition associated with extremely acute reaction body to an allergen. Anaphylactic shock can be caused by various allergens: medications, insect bites, food. Anaphylactic shock can also occur due to skin contact with an allergen, for example, latex.

A food allergy is an immune reaction caused by certain foods and accompanied by known symptoms. A food allergy occurs when the body mistakes a food as a threat to the body and causes the immune system to produce antibodies to protect itself. When the allergen is repeatedly ingested, the immune system quickly recognizes this substance and immediately reacts, again producing antibodies. It is these substances that cause allergic symptoms. Food allergies almost always develop this way.

In some cases, adults experience allergies that were observed in childhood. But if the allergy appeared only in adulthood, it is very difficult to get rid of it. Allergic rhinitis (experts call this condition rhinitis) occurs in 1 in 10 people and is often hereditary. People with other allergic diseases, such as asthma or asthma, also often suffer from allergic rhinitis. These allergies are more common in women than in men. With allergic rhinitis may appear following symptoms: itching in the eyes, throat, nose and palate, sneezing, as well as stuffy nose, watery eyes, mucous discharge from the nose, conjunctivitis (redness and pain in the eyes). In severe cases, allergic rhinitis can cause an asthma attack (in people with asthma) and/or eczema.

Causes of allergies

In some people, the immune system overreacts to certain substances (allergens) by producing various chemicals. One of them, histamine, causes allergic symptoms. The body's reaction can occur through inhalation, skin contact, injection of the allergen, or ingestion of the allergen. Allergens can be animal hair, fluff, dust, food products, cosmetics, medicines, pollen, cigarette smoke.

Allergy symptoms

An allergic reaction can occur in different parts of the body, and symptoms can last from a few minutes to several days.

• upper respiratory tract: hay fever, asthma;
• red, watery eyes;
• joint pain and inflammation;
• urticaria, eczema;
• diarrhea, vomiting, stomach upset.

Complications

• anaphylactic shock(severe allergic reaction);
• difficult or wheezing;
• rapid pulse;
• cold sweat;
• sticky skin;
• hives;
• stomach cramps;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• collapse (acute vascular insufficiency);
• convulsions.

In the absence medical care Severe allergies can be fatal.

What can you do

Mild allergic reactions can cause a runny nose, watery eyes, and other cold-like symptoms. A small rash may also appear. If you often notice such reactions in yourself or your loved ones, you should consult a doctor.

Remember that in case anaphylactic shock allergies affect the entire body as a whole. Anaphylactic shock can occur within 15 minutes of ingesting an allergen, so it is necessary to take urgent measures(should call ambulance).
Avoid foods, medications, and other substances to which you have ever been allergic.

Your friends, family and colleagues should know about your allergies. Always tell all your healthcare providers (including dentists, estheticians, etc.) about any allergic reactions you have, especially to medications. This applies to both prescription and over-the-counter medications. Before taking any medicine, carefully read the packaging and instructions.

For mild forms of allergic rhinitis, use decongestant drops and sprays to relieve symptoms. If your allergy is caused by a drug, stop using it immediately and consult your doctor.

Take antihistamines (allergy medications) as prescribed by your doctor. Upon admission antihistamines that have a sedative effect, avoid driving a car or operating machinery, as they may cause drowsiness. However, today there are a number of antihistamines that do not have a sedative effect. For allergic reactions on the skin, use cream or lotion in the area of ​​the rash to relieve irritation.

What your doctor can do

The doctor should rule out the possibility of other diseases, and also conduct tests to identify the allergen and prescribe antihistamines and, if necessary, steroids. If the allergen is identified, but contact with it is inevitable, the doctor must introduce a special one for the prevention and treatment of allergies.

Preventive measures for allergies

Try to identify the substances that cause your allergies and always avoid them. Keep your home clean and free of dust, lint and mites. When sweeping or vacuuming, dusting furniture, changing bedding, or any other contact with dusty objects, cover your nose (use a gauze bandage or mask). If you are allergic to pets, do not keep them in your home.

If you are allergic to medical supplies, always have a special card with you that says which medications you are allergic to. In this case, even if you are unconscious or cannot remember the name of the drug, you will be protected from the introduction of the allergen. If you have severe allergies, let your family and co-workers know, and remember to tell your doctors.

There are often people who suffer from intolerance to certain foods. This may be an allergy, the symptoms, causes and treatment of which are closely interrelated. The body's reaction is different, but always unusual for the normal state. Therefore, any manifestations of the disease cannot be ignored.

Among the many pathologies that affect the internal organs of a person, there is a specific reaction of the body to external stimuli. They can be: plant pollen, poplar fluff, dust, all kinds of food, household chemicals.

An allergic reaction is provoked by diseases such as arthritis, hypothyroidism, and rheumatism. Such pathologies provoke the production of substances that irritate the immune system. A negative reaction of the body occurs in the form of skin rashes, swelling of the nasal or throat mucosa. This condition provokes a runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and coughing. That is, an allergy is a negative reaction of the immune system to the ingress of allergens, substances that cause increased sensitivity. In other words, the body's defenses exceed necessary measures defense, and ordinary substances are seen as a threat to health.

Pay attention! Negative manifestations of the disease are individual for all people. Some people can't stand cats or dust. For some, allergies make themselves felt seasonally. Others suffer negative reactions to various medications.

There are a large number of factors that can trigger the development of a specific reaction in the body. Allergies occur due to poor nutrition, lack of active image life, long-term violation of hygiene rules. Great value has mental state person. Stress and nervous breakdowns can trigger the development of allergies.

Frequent causes of the body’s negative reaction to external stimuli:

1. Dust (in the house, transport, on the street).
2. Flower pollen, poplar fluff (seasonal allergies).
3. Medicines (drug allergies).
4. Household chemicals (cleaning products), chlorine in the pool.
5. Animal fur (cat allergy).
6. Foodstuffs. A negative reaction most often occurs to eggs, honey, flour and sweets.

It is worth noting that allergies can occur due to nervousness. This can be caused by psychological reasons - emotional tension or stress. Here we are talking about psychosomatics, that is, allergies arise as a result of prolonged emotional disturbance. A person experiences difficult moments in life within himself, without opening up to others. Over time, accumulated emotions that are not released out provoke stress, to which the body reacts defensively. This can manifest itself as sneezing and runny nose, a rash on the body in the form of hives, abnormalities in the functioning of the stomach and intestines.

Important! Many allergic manifestations on psychosomatic grounds are confused with colds, diseases of internal organs, without paying attention to the emotional state.

Manifestations of allergies, their types

The body's response to external stimuli manifests itself individually in each person. The main thing is to know the general deviations in the condition, so that if symptoms appear, seek help in time.

Depending on the type of allergy, its symptoms vary. A negative reaction of the body can be local in nature, that is, it can occur on a specific part of the body or organ without affecting neighboring areas.

With such an allergy, the following symptoms may occur:

• tearing eyes;
• the appearance of a rash on a certain area of ​​the skin (face, arms, chest, abdomen);
• swelling of the nasal mucosa, which provokes nasal congestion and discharge of a watery consistency;
• wheezing in the lung area;
• feeling of itching or burning in the sinuses.

With a local allergy, first of all, the appearance of symptoms occurs at the site of contact with the irritant. If allergens penetrate the nose or throat, bronchi, or lungs, coughing, sneezing, and runny nose may occur. The presence of pathogens in the respiratory tract can cause shortness of breath, swelling, and spasm in the bronchi. This is a respiratory allergy. Its symptoms can be caused by plant pollen, microbes and dust that a person inhaled along with the air.

Important! Respiratory allergies most often lead to asthma and chronic runny nose.

A local reaction to an irritant can manifest itself in the form of dermatosis. These are skin rashes various localizations. They can be provoked by chemicals in household chemicals, food, medications.

This type of allergy, such as dermatosis, can manifest itself in the form of itching and redness on the hands, rashes and peeling on the face, and swelling on the neck. The appearance of negative reactions protective system may occur in combination or alternately with increasing force. Each person's symptoms vary in severity.

An allergy to cold can manifest itself as significant rashes on the skin. This reaction is local, as it mainly affects exposed areas of the body. When the temperature drops, the sensitivity of the receptors increases, which leads to a violent reaction immune system. As a result, peeling and swelling occur skin, redness.

In addition to reacting to the cold, many people are allergic to the sun. Symptoms may appear immediately or 2–3 hours after exposure to heat. Redness and rashes occur on the arms, neck, face and legs. The skin suffers from peeling, the formation of watery blisters, and damage to areas of the skin in the form of eczema and psoriasis. The keratinized areas may crack and bleed.

Know! A negative reaction to the sun occurs in infants, children and the elderly. This is due to weak or weakened immunity.

Another type of local allergy is conjunctivitis. This manifestation provokes changes before our eyes. When exposed to allergens, allergic conjunctivitis occurs, which has specific symptoms(swelling of the eyelids, burning, stinging, intense tearing).

Types of allergies such as enteropathy and anaphylactic shock are common. In the first case, a negative reaction of the body occurs due to the entry of irritating substances into the gastrointestinal tract. This could be food or medicine.

In this case, the symptoms of an allergy are as follows:

• nausea, vomiting;
• development of diarrhea or problems with bowel movements (constipation);
• bloating, flatulence.

It is worth noting that angioedema can be a striking manifestation of enteropathy. This condition occurs when the tongue or lips become very swollen. Such an allergy is very dangerous, as it can lead to the death of the patient by causing swelling of the throat and cutting off the supply of oxygen to the body.

As for anaphylactic shock, this is the most dangerous type of allergy. It can occur in response to any irritant if a person has a very sensitive immune system. The following symptoms help to recognize this reaction of the body:

• red spots and small rashes on almost the entire surface of the skin;
• difficulty breathing and sudden shortness of breath;
• feeling of suffocation and loss of consciousness;
• the appearance of muscle spasms, cramps throughout the body;
• the appearance of nausea, vomiting;
• severe disturbances in stool (diarrhea).

If negative signs appear, you should immediately call an ambulance. Anaphylactic shock is a dangerous type of allergy that can be fatal.

Know! Depending on the sensitivity of the protective forces and individual characteristics a person, any of the listed types of allergies can arise as a response to a particular product.

The signs in a child and an adult are similar. They are the same as with food allergies. Sneezing and runny nose, rash all over the body, red spots, stomach upset, headaches, and discomfort in the throat (Quincke's edema) may occur. There is a dry cough due to allergies. In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur.

The most common causative agents of allergies in adults and children

A negative response can be caused by food (food allergy), household chemicals or a reaction to chlorine in the pool (contact allergy), insect bites, as well as irritants that enter the respiratory tract with air (respiratory pathogens). The sensitive immune system of infants can react negatively to diapers (small pimples, diaper rash, redness).

If we consider food, the allergens here are cow's milk (sometimes goat's milk), honey, and eggs. There may be an allergy to sweets. Among the fruits are citrus fruits, in particular tangerines. There is a negative reaction to persimmon. Such foods can cause symptoms such as: hives, bloating and flatulence in the intestines, vomiting (milk allergy). Also, a negative reaction to citrus fruits can manifest itself in the form of swelling of the ears, neck, eyelids, lips and tongue. Vivid signs are tearing and pain in the eyes, problems with hearing and vision.

A negative reaction to tangerines occurs when you overeat such a product. It is not recommended to consume more than 5 pieces per day.

A reaction to honey can manifest itself in the form of red spots, which sometimes merge, causing angioedema. At this time, peeling of the skin, itching, swelling of the tongue and lips may occur. The cause of an allergy to honey may be a large amount of pollen in the product or chemicals from additives that individual beekeepers feed the bees.

Allergies to milk and honey cause specific symptoms in children. This is a rash all over the body, especially in infants, red spots, peeling skin. Milk intolerance in adults and children may be due to a lack of a special enzyme in the body to process it. In infants, this condition is expressed in the form of foamy diarrhea with curd or blood streaks. Milk allergy can cause bowel problems in older children, as well as in adults.

Children and adults may experience negative reactions to eggs. In this case, all foods that contain the allergen are excluded from the diet. It is worth noting that intolerance to eggs (duck, chicken, goose) differs in adults and children. A similar allergy in infants or a child is slightly more than a year may disappear over time if you limit your consumption of such a product. In an adult, egg allergy is not completely cured, which means that it is necessary to always follow a special diet without such an irritant.

Pay attention! The protein in eggs is more allergenic. It contains many substances that tend to cause a negative reaction in the body.

Another type of food allergy is a negative reaction in children to gluten, a protein from cereals (rye, wheat, oats, barley). Its inability to digest may appear with the first complementary foods. This allergy provokes small rash, diarrhea, sleep disturbance, problems with appetite and general moodiness, irritability of the child. If you follow the diet, a negative reaction to gluten will go away over time.

Important! If a reaction to cereal protein results in slower development of the child, weight loss and stunted growth, this is gluten intolerance. In this case, the disease is incurable and requires a lifelong diet.

Alcohol is a dangerous irritant that can cause allergies in adults. Such an allergy can be acquired or transmitted at the genetic level. The causes of alcohol intolerance are excessive consumption of such a product, which contains a large number of additives, flavors and dyes. Wine, cognac, and liqueur can cause a negative reaction in the body.

Alcohol allergy symptoms:

• the appearance of red spots on the face, neck, hands;
• small rash accompanied by burning or itching;
• rapid onset of intoxication;
• upset stomach, nausea, vomiting;
• increased blood pressure and headaches.

Pay attention! Alcohol intolerance – dangerous pathology, which can provoke anaphylactic shock.

To eliminate allergic manifestations we need to find the source of their occurrence. Diagnostics includes a set of measures that help identify the irritants of the body’s negative reaction.

Allergen detection methods:

1. A general blood test is a method that can be used to detect the presence of foreign organisms. This condition is indicated by an increase in certain blood cells (eosinophils).
2. Study of immunoglobulins in the blood. The study allows you to determine the presence of antibodies of the body's defense system, as well as the presence of antigens of the allergy pathogen. Using this method, you can determine food and household allergens, antigens of fungi and mold, animals, and worms.
3. Skin test examination. This approach is used if the allergen is already known and it is only necessary to confirm it clinically.

Important! For a more accurate diagnosis it is necessary comprehensive examination, medical history and careful examination of the medical history. Based on one of the methods, it is impossible to immediately determine the causative agent of the disease.

Which doctor should I contact?

Collateral successful treatment allergies is an appeal to to the right specialist. If you know which doctor is treating you, you can hope to make the correct diagnosis. Negative manifestations of the body are determined by an allergist (allergist-immunologist). Such a doctor decides what to do and how to treat the negative manifestations of the body. Treatment is prescribed after a comprehensive diagnosis, and may include several types of medications.

Specifics of traditional allergy treatment

The effectiveness of therapy for the body’s negative reaction to a particular stimulus lies in identifying the cause of the disease. It is worth noting that any allergen causes an increase in histamine. This substance in the human body provokes a rash, itching, disturbances in the functioning of the intestines, stomach, respiratory tract. Consequently, antihistamines (Tavegil, Diphenhydramine, Diazolin, Pipolfen) are used in the treatment of allergies with medications. Such drugs belong to first generation therapies. They are prescribed to be taken on a daily basis to eliminate the symptoms of the disease. Antihistamines are prescribed by the doctor. He determines the timing of treatment and dose.

To the second generation of drugs antihistamine action belong to Claritin, Zyrtec, Astemizole. Their difference from the previous medicine is that they do not cause drowsiness and lethargy. nervous systems s.

Attention! Long-term use agents that suppress histamine production are not recommended. This can provoke addiction, and the occurrence of allergies is even more intense.

To relieve swelling and spasm in the respiratory organs, vasodilators are used. Their main action is as follows:

• cough decreases;
• breathing becomes easier;
• shortness of breath disappears, wheezing in the bronchi and lungs is eliminated.

Most often in complex therapy medications such as: Salmeterol, Theophylline, Albuterol are used. These drugs help relax the soft tissues of the bronchi and make breathing easier in a short time.

Vasodilator medications also include anticholinergics. They are aids in complex therapy of allergies, but can be used as independent medications.

IN drug treatment When the body reacts negatively to irritants, anti-inflammatory drugs are used. They are used for asthma, eczema, watery eyes, and rhinitis. The most popular remedies are steroid medications (tablets, drops, ointments). Corticosteroids (injections, inhalations, drops) help well. Similar drugs Well suited in those moments when you need to provide first aid for exacerbation of allergies (asthma).

For children with allergic conjunctivitis, the famous pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky recommends lecrolin, cromoglin, and high-chrome. These drugs can be used for a long time, they do not harm.

IN traditional treatment Antibiotics may be used. Cetrin helps with allergic rhinitis. It is worth noting that before deciding how to treat allergies, the doctor must find out whether the patient has drug intolerance. Therefore, self-medication with antibiotics is not recommended.

Homeopathy treatment

If you take the treatment of allergies seriously, it is recommended to use not only medications, but also alternative medicine. The most common is homeopathy. This method is the treatment of allergies by taking medications in very small doses, which in large proportions are allergens to the immune system.

Homeopathy includes the following medications:

• Allium sulfur is used for inflammatory processes in the eyes, lips, and nasal mucosa.
• Sabadilla is used in case of throat problems (sore throat, sore throat), runny nose.
• Pulsatilla is a drug that helps reduce mucous discharge, which can cause discomfort to the patient for a long time.

Pay attention! Homeopathy completely eradicates allergic reactions. This method helps to alleviate the patient’s condition and eliminate the symptoms of pathology.

How to cure allergies at home?

Allergies can be treated at home. There are many recipes that help cure the disease using folk remedies.

Fight allergies with eggshells and lemon juice

You need to take a raw egg (chicken), wash it well, break it and pour out all the contents. After this, you need to remove the transparent film and dry the shell. Grind to a powder. Before use, the finished medicine is quenched with lemon juice.

It is worth noting that the amount of shell powder depends on age. This remedy is most often used to treat allergies in children. Therefore, children up to one year old are given a pinch of medicine, up to three years old - 1/4 tsp, up to 7 years old - 0.5 tsp. etc. A few drops of lemon juice are required for the shells to dissolve well. In this case, the liquid should be squeezed out of the fresh citrus.

It is recommended to treat with eggshells diluted with lemon juice for at least 2–3 months.

Pay attention! Allergies should be treated according to the doctor’s prescription, and only after thorough examination. Otherwise, serious complications can occur.

Treatment of allergies during pregnancy

As for the treatment of allergies during pregnancy, it should be strictly under the supervision of a specialist. During this period, many medications are contraindicated, and folk remedies without consultation with a specialist, they can also cause harm. It is worth noting that allergies are very rare in pregnant women, and if they do occur, it is more common. mild form than other people. This is explained by the fact that during pregnancy, the body produces more of the hormone cortisol, which suppresses histamine.

Consequences of the disease and prevention of allergies

Many people do not take the body’s negative reactions to external stimuli seriously. Most believe that allergies are not a serious disease. If you do not treat negative reactions and do not look for their cause, you can face serious consequences:

• asthmatic manifestations;
• convulsions, difficulty breathing;
• skin swelling, blisters, eczema;
• increase in pressure.

The most severe consequence of allergies is anaphylactic shock. This condition can be fatal.

Allergic rash on the human skin can appear due to various dermatological diseases, which can be a consequence of an allergic reaction. This is due to the excessive sensitivity of the skin to external and internal irritants. These irritants often include medications, foods, fabrics, pollen, pet dander, and more.

Causes of skin allergies in adults

There are a large number of allergens that can trigger an unwanted skin reaction. This, in turn, is the cause of the development of allergic dermatosis.

Many experts believe that the number of allergy sufferers has begun to increase rapidly due to unfavorable changes in the environmental situation and due to the consumption of genetically modified products.

In addition, various cosmetics contain haptens, which can also trigger skin allergies.

Skin rashes can be caused by the following allergens:

• Household dust.
• Chemistry.
• Cosmetics.
• Medicines.
• Foodstuffs.
• Personal hygiene products.
• Pet fur.
• Flower pollen.

The mechanism of skin allergies

The main factor in the manifestation of allergic dermatosis is considered to be any allergen– substance molecular structure, which is of protein origin.

It happens that allergens can be various elements that do not provoke an immune response when they penetrate the blood. Particles that are carried by antigenic determinants are called haptens. These elements can bind to tissue proteins. Haptens are found in medications and other chemicals.

If an allergen or irritant enters the human body, sensitization begins to develop, which subsequently leads to excessive sensitivity of histamine receptors. This action is explained by the formation of antibodies or the synthesis of sensitized leukocytes.

An allergic rash on the skin of an adult forms at the stage of pathophysiological development of the disease. At this time, mediators of the pathological process are able to affect normal skin cells, provoking an inflammatory process.

Itching

In most cases, skin allergies can be accompanied by itching of varying intensity. The main causes of itching are external and internal allergens.

The body begins to perceive such allergens as dangerous, resulting in an allergic reaction in the form of itching. There are several main skin allergic diseases which may be accompanied by itching. These diseases are described below.

Here you will find in more detail the answer to the question of what to do when for allergies

Allergies are one of the most common diseases with many medications for treatment. Everyone knows the drops and tablets that must be taken when symptoms occur.

The main distinguishing property of this product among thousands of similar ones is its completely natural composition. He underwent a large number of clinical tests and trials, which he completed brilliantly. The effectiveness of the product is confirmed by licenses and certificates.

Allergic rashes in adults

It is also worth noting that allergies can simply be expressed by rashes on the skin without the presence of itching. At the same time allergic rash may look different depending on the disease itself.

Features of an allergic rash:

• The rashes do not have a clear shape.
• The spots have blurred edges.
• The color of the spots can range from pink to dark red.
• The rash may be accompanied by mild swelling.
• Sometimes peeling appears.
• The rashes can be localized throughout the body, depending on the type of allergy.
• Rashes can take various forms: spots, nodules, blisters, blisters.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Appearance and features skin rashes depend on the type of allergic dermatosis. The rash can appear either on a separate area of ​​the body, for example, or be localized throughout the body.

That is why in medicine there are several main types of allergic reactions:

• Atopic dermatitis.
• Contact dermatitis.
• Hives.
• Eczema.
• Toxidermy.
• Quincke's edema.
• Lyell's syndrome.
• Steven-Johnson syndrome.

Can't cope with your allergies?

Allergies cause sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose, conjunctivitis, severe itching, rash, dermatitis, urticaria, Quincke's edema and eczema.

Having allergies increases your risk of problems, including asthma attacks. Say goodbye to allergies forever!

It has the following properties:

• Relieves 3 main symptoms: itching, swelling, lacrimation
• Eliminates allergic dermatitis
• Equally effective regardless of the causative agent of the allergic reaction
• Harmless composition, no chemical or synthetic components
• Non-hormonal remedy

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is individual skin disease, which is not transmitted by contact. Atopic dermatitis is prone to complications and relapses, so this disease must be constantly monitored, like any other type of allergy.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis:

• Skin itching.
• Dry skin.
• Skin irritation.

Atopic dermatitis can cause discomfort, psychological instability, loss of performance, and bacterial infection of the skin.

Atopic dermatitis can be triggered by the following factors:

• Dust.
• Insect bites.
• Pet fur.
• Pet food.
• Medicines.
• Unfavorable environmental conditions.
• Foodstuffs.

Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis– this is one of the types of allergic inflammation of the skin, which manifests itself after skin contact with an external allergen or irritant. If a person has increased sensitivity to an allergen, contact dermatitis develops quickly, however, there are cases when this allergic disease can develop over several weeks.

Symptoms contact dermatitis:

• Redness of the skin.
• Swelling of the area of ​​skin that came into contact with the irritant.
• Bubble formation.
• Rashes.
• Formation of erosion.

Contact dermatitis can occur when the skin is exposed to the following factors:

• Foodstuffs.
• Cosmetics.
• Chemicals used in everyday life.
• Metals.
• Medicines.
• Clothes made from synthetic fabrics.

Hives

Urticaria is a very common skin disease that involves the formation of local swelling and blisters, accompanied by severe itching.

Symptoms of urticaria appear only after contact with an external or internal irritant and are as follows:

• Formation of blisters, the size of which can be 5 mm.
• The color of the blisters is pink or red.
• Increased heart rate.
• General weakness.
• Swelling of the skin.
• Sometimes there is a burning sensation.
• Dizziness.

After the blisters disappear, no marks remain on the body. As for the causes of urticaria, only 5% of them are allergic.

The main ones should be highlighted:

• Presence of a viral infection.
• Insect bite.
• Blood transfusion.
• Stress.
• Cold.
• Sun rays.
• Tight clothes, woolen items.

To visualize this skin disease, it is presented.

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Eczema

Eczema usually called dermatological disease, which affects the upper layers of the skin. This skin pathology is allergic in nature. Eczema appears literally anywhere, but is mainly localized on the hands and face. This allergic skin disease can develop in anyone, regardless of age and gender.

Main symptoms of eczema:

• Acute inflammation.
• Numerous rashes.
• The appearance of small point erosions after opening.
• Serous fluid in formations.
• Severe itching.

It is worth noting that eczema can be complicated by secondary infection.

Causes of eczema:

• Endocrine system disorder.
• Stress and depressive disorders.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Food allergic reaction.
• Household dust.
• Flower pollen.
• Allergic reaction to household chemicals.
• Using cosmetics that provoke the development of allergies.

Toxicoderma

Toxicoderma often called toxic-allergic dermatitis. This disease is characterized by acute inflammatory process, which spreads within the skin. Sometimes the mucous membranes are also affected. Most often, toxicoderma develops based on side effects after taking any medications.

Symptoms during the development of toxicoderma can be varied, because it depends on the type of disease

However, some common ones can be identified:

• Rashes on the skin.
• The color of the rash is pink or red.
• Inflammations of different sizes.
• Blistering.

Causes of toxicoderma:

• Medicines.
• Foodstuffs.
• Interaction of chemicals.

Neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis is a skin disease characterized by tissue inflammation. In most cases, neurodermatitis begins to develop against the background of an allergic reaction. However, in addition to this, there are a number of other factors that can provoke the development of this disease.

Symptoms of the development of neurodermatitis:

• Itching that gets worse at night.
• Rashes in the form of red spots.
• Formation of plaques that can merge with each other.
• Formation of bubbles with liquid contents.
• Swelling.

The main causes of neurodermatitis:

• General weakening of the immune system.
• Intoxication of the body.
• Inflammation of the skin.
• Metabolic dysfunctions.
• Presence of gastrointestinal diseases.
• Heredity.
• Physical exhaustion.
• Poor nutrition.
• Wrong daily routine.
• Stress, depression.

Quincke's edema

Quincke's edema called local swelling of the mucous and fatty tissue. This disease occurs suddenly and is characterized by its rapid development.

Quincke's edema most often develops in young people, mainly women. Swelling occurs on the principle of a common allergy. In most cases, Quincke's edema is combined with urticaria, expressed in acute form. Most often, this disease is localized on the face.

The main symptoms of Quincke's edema:

• Swelling of the airways.
• Hoarseness.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Cough.
• Swelling of the lips, eyelids, cheeks.
• Swelling of the oral mucosa.
• Swelling of the genitourinary organs.
• Acute cystitis.

Causes of Quincke's edema:

• Allergic reaction to food.
• Dyes and artificial additives in food.
• Flower pollen.
• Pet fur.
• Feathers.
• Insect bites.
• Regular dust.

Lyell's syndrome

Lyell's syndrome This is the most severe form of allergic reaction to medications. This disease is characterized by severe dehydration, toxic damage internal organs and the development of the infectious process. Lyell's syndrome is very dangerous and can be fatal if you do not seek help in a timely manner.

Symptoms of the development of Lyell's syndrome are very similar in appearance to 2nd degree burns, as they are characterized by:

• The appearance of wounds on the skin.
• Formation of cracks in the skin.
• Bubble formation.

Causes of Lyell's syndrome:

• Antibacterial agents.
• Anticonvulsant drugs.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Painkillers.
• Drugs to combat tuberculosis.
• Use of dietary supplements and drugs that enhance immunity.

Steven-Johnson syndrome

Steven-Johnson syndrome is a form of exudative erythema multiforme, which is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes and skin.

This disease has a very severe course. Most often, Steven-Johnson syndrome affects people over 40 years of age, however, cases of the disease have also been recorded in young children. In the first stages, the disease affects the respiratory tract.

Symptoms of Steven-Johnson syndrome:

• Fever.
• General weakness.
• Cough.
• Headaches.
• Joint and muscle pain.
• Vomit.
• Diarrhea.
• Rashes on the skin.
• Swelling of formations.
• The rash is red.
• Burning.
• Skin lesions bleed.

Allergy is a disease that affects almost the entire body to one degree or another.

This happens because the cells involved in the formation of the immune response are located in different tissues.

Therefore, how exactly the disease will manifest itself depends on many factors.

Signs of an allergy are influenced by the condition of the person himself, the type of protein that caused the pathological reaction, and the method of its effect on the body (inhalation, contact or food).

Skin manifestations are noted in almost a quarter of patients.

These diseases are called allergic dermatoses, this group includes:

• atopic dermatitis, including neurodermatitis;
• contact dermatitis;
• Quincke's edema;
• skin lesions associated with the use of certain medications.

Epidermal signs of allergy may result from exposures such as endogenous causes, and external factors, for example, sun exposure, high or, conversely, low temperature environment, mechanical pressure, friction, etc. The clinical manifestations of the pathology are also different. For some it can be intense. itchy skin, for others - a feeling of skin tightness, pain and burning.

However, regardless of the etiology, all allergic dermatoses are accompanied by sleep disorders, disturbances in general condition, decreased or complete loss of performance, which significantly affects the quality of life.

Atopic dermatitis

As a rule, this disease occurs in children at an early age. The appearance of symptoms of pathology is primarily due to hereditary predisposition. During atopic dermatitis, several periods are distinguished: infant (up to 2 years), childhood (from 2 to 13 years), adolescence and adult (from 13 years and older). Moreover, each stage has its own distinctive signs of allergies.

According to the prevalence of the process, the disease can be limitedly localized, when the elbow and popliteal folds, skin of the hands, and face are affected. The area of ​​the rash does not exceed 10%. For widespread atopic dermatitis in pathological process The chest, back, neck and remaining skin of the extremities are involved. The area of ​​damage is from 10 to 50% of the epidermal cover. In the diffuse form of the disease, symptoms appear on more than half of the body.

Clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis depend on age stages. In the first, infantile period, the development of hyperemia, swelling and crust formation is noted. Lesions are usually localized on the face and on the outer surface of the legs. Over time, it spreads to the flexion and extension areas of the limbs, mainly in the folds large joints(knees and elbows), as well as in the wrist and neck area.

In the second, childhood period, the signs of allergy are not so acute, but become chronic. In the elbow and popliteal folds, on the back of the neck, on the bend of the ankles and wrist joints, in the area behind the ear, erythema (usually with a bluish tint), papules, areas of peeling and infiltration, covered with cracks, form. Some children develop an additional eyelid fold.

In the third period, the papules merge into foci of infiltration of cyanotic color. Selectivity of rashes in the upper half of the torso, face, neck and arms is characteristic.

To treat this type of dermatitis, doctors often prescribe the drug Dupilumab.

Hives

Signs of allergies of this origin can make themselves felt in both adults and children. The main clinical manifestation of urticaria is the formation of blisters due to increased vascular permeability. Usually the formation of papules is accompanied by:

• skin itching, less often - burning;
• limited swelling;
• redness

Unlike atopic dermatitis, similar symptoms can appear on any area of ​​the skin. In approximately half of the cases, urticaria is accompanied by Quincke's edema.

Allergic contact dermatitis

The disease occurs in the form of the formation of small itchy blisters with areas of redness at the site of direct contact with allergens. On initial stage pathology, signs of allergy appear at high concentrations, but over time, after the end of the sensitization period, similar symptoms develop even with minimal contact with the irritant.

When an allergen comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the upper and lower respiratory tract, specific symptoms from the respiratory tract occur, associated with increased activity of mucosal epithelial cells. In this case, the organs of vision are usually affected - allergic conjunctivitis occurs.

The reasons for such phenomena are:

• inhalation of pollen from certain plants (hay fever), which occurs more often in spring and summer;
• excessive accumulation of dust;
• increased sensitivity of the immune system to fungal spores (for example, mold);
• allergic reaction to the fur of cats, dogs and other pets, bird feathers, the smell of fish food;
• inhalation tobacco smoke and other toxic fumes.

Can occur year-round or certain time year, which is combined with the flowering period of plant allergens (loboda, nettle, ragweed, alder, etc.). The main signs of this type of allergy are manifested in the form of itching, burning and tickling in the nose, copious mucus secretion and associated nasal breathing disturbance. This picture is usually accompanied by a neurosis-like syndrome: tearfulness, insomnia, irritability. Patients often complain of dizziness, mild nausea and headache.

Bronchial asthma

The main causes of its occurrence are long-term exposure to plant and animal allergens and other substances of organic and inorganic origin. The main signs of allergies associated with bronchial asthma are severe attacks cough, accompanied by suffocation, wheezing shortness of breath.

They can occur spontaneously, but more often at night. With increased sensitivity to inhaled irritants, exacerbation of the disease is preceded by manifestations of allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis. The frequency of attacks largely depends on the severity of bronchial asthma. To treat this disease, drugs based on mepolizumab are used.

The disease occurs when the pulmonary alveoli become inflamed without involving bronchial tissue in the pathological process. The main cause of the pathology is inhalation of complex fine dust containing particles of insects, plants, bacteria, sawdust, wool, animal excrement and skin, and spores of saprophytic fungi.

Signs of allergies depend on the severity of the disease. In the acute form of the pathology, in the afternoon the body temperature rises and a paroxysmal cough occurs, accompanied by wheezing in the lungs.

After a few days, the bronchi are also involved in the pathological process, resulting in symptoms reminiscent of the clinical picture of pneumonia or bronchitis.

The subacute course of the disease is accompanied by the occurrence of shortness of breath against the background of strong physical exertion a few days after contact with the allergen. The chronic form of the pathology occurs only with short episodes of shortness of breath, which does not correspond to the intensity of muscle training.

Allergic laryngitis

The main signs of allergies affecting the mucous membrane of the larynx are associated with attacks of barking, suffocating cough. It is accompanied by a sore, irritated and sore throat that gets worse when swallowing. Hoarse shortness of breath often appears. Allergic laryngitis is most dangerous for children, since swelling of the mucous membrane at an early age prevents normal breathing.

Very often, manifestations from the respiratory tract are accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis. Its main symptoms are lacrimation, photophobia, severe hyperemia inside lower eyelid. A person is constantly bothered by the sensation of a foreign body in the eye and the associated itching. Often allergic conjunctivitis is complicated by associated bacterial infection due to the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms from the hands.

Food allergies are comparable in prevalence to neurodermatoses and manifestations of the respiratory system. Its main cause is the contact of an irritant with the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, in other words, when consuming certain foods.

And it is precisely the signs associated with the characteristics of the diet that in most cases are systemic in nature and affect various internal organs and even the vascular wall. Most often, such manifestations are caused by protein cow's milk, especially at an early age as part of various mixtures for artificial feeding, eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits and other products.

Typically, food allergies manifest themselves in the form of urticaria with a predominant localization in the face, abdomen, inner surface limbs, buttocks. Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract in the form of dyspeptic syndrome are often noted. In severe cases, signs of allergy affect the inner wall of blood vessels, which is accompanied by hemodynamic disturbances and pain impulses in the muscles and joints.

But the most severe and life-threatening symptoms of a pathological reaction are Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock. In the vast majority of cases, Quincke's edema (also called angioedema) develops against the background of urticaria, and the reasons for its appearance are similar. However, unlike allergic dermatitis, it practically does not cause external manifestations from the side of the epidermis.

There is a sharp swelling of the mucous membranes in the mouth, neck and face. Due to the narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory tract, the respiratory function, which can cause fainting and even death. It is extremely rare that Quincke's edema affects the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, which is accompanied by pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. And only in isolated cases does the pathology cover meninges, this is extremely dangerous and is fraught with irreversible changes in the cells of the central nervous system.

Anaphylactic shock is an allergic reaction immediate type. Its symptoms develop within a few minutes after contact with the irritant. Blood pressure drops sharply, diffuse pallor with a bluish tint appears.

Anaphylactic shock can occur in this way:

• with predominant damage to the skin in the form of diffuse urticaria and edema;
• with depression of the nervous system, in which case headache, hot flashes, convulsions, involuntary release of urine and feces, fainting are noted;
• with an effect on the respiratory system, due to swelling of the mucous membrane, coughing attacks occur, accompanied by suffocation, in general clinical picture resembles allergy symptoms in bronchial asthma;
• with damage to the heart muscle, in which case symptoms of acute edema and myocardial infarction occur.

Signs of allergies in adults and children, clinical types of the disease

Doctors say that age does not affect the severity of the clinical manifestations of an allergic reaction. Moreover, some forms of the disease are easier in children.

Ultimately, the intensity of the symptoms of the pathology depends on the genetically determined characteristics of the human immune system.

Signs of allergies in children and adults also significantly affect the duration of treatment. Hypersensitivity to pet hair particles is usually accompanied by nasal, eye and skin symptoms.

The exact lesions depend on the location of the allergen contact; in other words, when the irritant is inhaled, rhinorrhea, swelling of the epithelium of the nose and mouth, lacrimation, coughing and sneezing are noted. Contact dermatitis is characterized by the appearance of a rash when you touch your pet.

Allergic reaction to cold, is accompanied by the appearance of papules, itching and redness of exposed skin areas, and signs of allergy in adults and children can also develop upon contact with cold water, snow, ice.

Food allergies. This form of the disease is characterized by a clear connection between the consumption of certain foods and the development of symptoms. Usually itchy rashes appear on the skin, much less often (in particular, against the background of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract) they appear systemic reactions in the form of digestive disorders.

Contact form of the disease in response to chemical and household irritants. Typically, the symptoms of children are limited to a local skin reaction upon direct contact with detergents, cleaning agents, and various substances during professional activities. A characteristic rash appears, often accompanied by severe painful sensations, hyperemia, dry skin.

Drug allergy belongs to the most severe forms of the disease, as it is often unpredictable. Thus, the most dangerous in terms of clinical manifestations is intravenous administration of the drug. However, an immune response can also occur with intramuscular use. medicine, as well as when it is applied topically or taken in tablet form, but in this case the signs of allergy are not so acute. The appearance of urticaria, angioedema, and contact dermatitis is characteristic. Sometimes diffuse damage to the skin is noted with the formation of areas of necrosis, metabolic disorders, fluctuations in blood pressure, and changes in heart rate.

For allergic reaction to alcohol typical manifestations of food hypersensitivity in the form of rashes, swelling, coughing and asthma attacks are characteristic. According to doctors, similar signs of allergies in adults appear in response to exposure to alcohol.

Pathological reaction to sweets and flour products may be caused by gluten, which is part of wheat or rye flour. Sometimes similar symptoms occur with increased sensitivity to mold, which forms when food is stored improperly. Signs of an allergy in children to flour products usually appear at an early age and are of a “classic” nature for a food reaction (rashes, diarrhea, discomfort in the stomach and intestines).

Allergies: signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Regardless of the cause of the pathological activity of the body, doctors prescribe tests to assess the general condition of the immune system. Determine the concentration of immunoglobulins, reaction mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in response to contact with an irritant. A comprehensive examination of the person is also necessary to exclude possible concomitant pathologies.

Signs and symptoms of allergies may overlap with others systemic diseases, so it needs to be conclusively confirmed to allow further research. Specific tests are used to assess the body's response to a particular stimulus.

Roughly speaking, the specific antigen is administered subcutaneously, sublingually or intranasally. Sometimes a food allergy patient is simply told to eat the food that is suspected to be causing the symptoms. After this, the person’s condition is assessed: the development of dermatoses, edema, fluctuations in blood pressure, pulse, etc.

The basis of allergy treatment are antihistamines (Erius, Claritin, Zyrtec, etc.). Some of them can be used starting from six months of age. For long-term signs of rhinitis and conjunctivitis, intranasal corticosteroids are prescribed. Allergies, the signs and symptoms of which are most severe, require taking hormones in tablet form.

However, almost all of these drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy.. Therefore, when planning conception, a woman predisposed to a hypersensitivity reaction is recommended to undergo a course of specific vaccination. Life-threatening conditions such as angioedema and anaphylactic shock require a special approach. In such a situation, antihistamines will be useless, since the effect of their use does not develop quickly enough. The patient is injected with a solution of adrenaline or dexamethasone.

If signs and symptoms of an allergy appear only upon direct contact with an irritant, it requires constant adherence to the rules of prevention. Its main principle is to avoid exposure to the allergen on the body as much as possible. In addition, people with a predisposition to such diseases should follow a certain diet, if possible protect their skin from cold and direct sunlight, and regularly clean the room from dust.

Allergy – hypersensitivity immune defense organism, which is observed in the case of repeated exposure to an allergen on an organism previously sensitized by this allergen. In other words, the immune system, under the influence of a number of certain circumstances, begins to react aggressively to various substances that are often completely harmless, mistaking them for extremely dangerous and foreign.

Allergy is a kind of perverted way of protecting the human body. For example, in the spring the immune system mistakenly decides that the pollen of the birch tree blooming at this time is very strong poison for a person and begins to very actively protect the body from it. Currently, various allergic conditions have spread very widely and, according to statistical data, are now observed in about 30% of the total population of our planet.

Some researchers rightly call allergies a disease of the 21st century, since every year it affects an increasing number of people. In most cases, allergies are not treated, and all basic therapy comes down to isolating the causative provoking allergen, since prevention has a much greater positive effect than any, even the most modern treatment. And first of all, for the success of preventive actions, the correct conclusions should be drawn about the causes of the development of allergies.

Allergy– this is an individual disease, since some people are allergic to dust, others are allergic to animal fur, others are allergic to food, etc. It is allergies that most often provoke the development of diseases such as urticaria and various dermatitis. Some may be accompanied by allergies infectious diseases(infectious allergy). In addition, the same provoking allergen in different people can manifest itself with different symptoms and at different times.

Over the past few decades, there has been a marked sharp jump allergy incidence. Various researchers explain this phenomenon in different ways: this is also the theory of the influence of hygiene, when compliance with hygiene standards deprives the body of contact with most allergens, which in turn causes a weakening of the development of the immune system; the next theory is that the increasing consumption every day various products chemical industry disrupts the adequate functioning of the endocrine and nervous systems, which in turn creates the preconditions for the development of allergic reactions, etc.

Causes of allergies

Today, the following causes of allergies are identified that can cause the development of an allergic disease:

Overly sterile living conditions. No matter how strange it may sound, excessive sterility in everyday life and rare contact with various infectious pathogens can lead to a shift in the immune system towards allergic manifestations. This is what is associated with a much higher incidence of allergies among residents of megacities than in families living in rural areas. In addition, this fact explains the greater prevalence of allergic reactions in people with higher social status.

Heredity. It is a proven fact that allergies can be transmitted to children from parents, most often through the maternal line. In children with allergies, in about 70% of cases, the mother suffers from some form of allergy (if the child has an allergic father, then no more than 30% of children). If both parents have an allergy, the risk of developing it in a child is at least 80%.

Diseases of internal organs. The impetus for the development of an allergic reaction is sometimes a failure in the adequate functioning of internal organs, various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and endocrine systems, liver, etc.

Environmental factors. Thanks to the “achievements” of modern civilization, from the first day of life, every person begins to actively come into contact with numerous and varied chemicals and aggressive aerosols. Almost all modern food products contain hormones, antibiotics, biologically active substances, etc. People are exposed to almost constant exposure electromagnetic radiation. All this cannot pass without a trace, which is confirmed by the rapid growth of allergic pathology

Frequent infectious diseases, if they are especially observed at an early age, create serious preconditions for the future development of allergies

Allergies can be caused by foreign proteins contained in vaccines and donor plasma, molds, pollen, food products, medications, animal fur, insect bites, various chemicals, etc.

It still remains unclear why the same environmental factors have an allergic effect on some people and not on others. Also, no relationship between the development of allergies and current state health, while there is a fairly widespread opinion that allergies can develop due to severe slagging in the body. Today there is no longer any doubt that allergies in children often develop in the event of changes in the intestinal microflora () and can cause the development of eczema, food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Some types of allergies can lead to the development of such quite serious diseases as bronchial asthma, eczema, atopy, etc.

False allergic (pseudo-allergic) reactions

Heat allergy

This form of allergy is quite rare and manifests itself in rashes similar to ordinary urticaria. In people predisposed to this, this occurs with any type of thermal exposure, for example, after ingestion, it is not necessarily even strong hot bath, fairly large blisters appear on the skin, accompanied by severe itching. To confirm the diagnosis, apply any object heated to forty-eight degrees to the skin and hold it for about three minutes. The treatment is no different from the treatment of other allergic diseases. As a preventative measure, it is recommended to avoid provoking factors. Heat allergies are often combined with sun allergies.

Allergy to the sun (solar allergy)

Most often, an allergy to the sun is manifested by the appearance of red spots on the skin, which can appear either immediately after exposure to open sunlight or after a certain time. Only exposed areas of the body are affected.

The following substances increase susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation when ingested or on the skin: St. John's wort, yarrow, figs, lime, fennel, dill, carrots, celery. The same ability is observed in drugs such as tetracycline, vitamin E, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, griseofulvin and some antibiotics, so their use during potential periods of exacerbation is undesirable. To prescribe adequate treatment, the causes of the development of this form of allergy must be determined. This could be liver disease, helminthiasis, etc.

Treatment for sun allergies is: strict adherence protective regime, when patients with allergies to ultraviolet radiation must constantly avoid prolonged exposure to open sunlight and always use special protective creams with a high degree of protection before going outside. In addition, according to indications, it is possible to prescribe sorbents and antihistamines. Plasmapheresis has a good positive effect

Allergy to insect bites

This type of allergic reaction is considered one of the most dangerous and severe, since in addition to pronounced symptoms, allergies to insect bites often develop life-threatening systemic reactions such as anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema.

Quincke's edema is characterized by swelling of the neck and face; the skin in the area of ​​edema acquires a red tint. Often there is swelling of the upper respiratory tract leading to difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. In case of progression of the disease without the provision of appropriate timely medical care. assistance, Quincke's edema ends with complete swelling of the respiratory tract and, accordingly, death

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by the initial manifestation of general allergic symptoms. The patient is initially overly excited, after which there is a rapid depression of consciousness, up to its total loss. The breathing and heart rate increases noticeably, blood pressure drops, and shortness of breath occurs. At the site of the bite itself, the skin is very itchy, swollen, and reddened. The main threat with an allergy to insect bites is that the allergen enters the body so quickly that a person simply does not have time to protect himself from it. In the absence of timely emergency care, the risk of death is very high. By frequency deaths anaphylactic shock, allergy to insects is in confident first place. That is why all patients with a predisposition to developing this state you should definitely carry with you the so-called anti-shock kit, which includes: 2 ampoules of prednisolone + 1 ampoule of suprastin + 0.1% epinephrine solution + syringes. In case of an insect bite, these drugs should be administered without delay. The entire sequence of actions must first be agreed upon with the attending physician.

Allergy to sperm

Allergies to foods are becoming increasingly common these days. seminal fluid. Risk factors for the development of antisperm antibodies in female body include frequent shifts sexual partners, urogenital infections and general allergic predisposition. The manifestations of this form of allergy are usually treated with swelling and local itching after sexual intercourse, but sometimes in especially severe cases they can lead to infertility. An allergic mood can develop both to sperm as such and to the seminal fluid of a particular man. Therapy for this form of allergy is carried out jointly by gynecologists and allergists.

Allergies in children

Children have some allergies distinctive features. In this case, we are talking about the most significant allergens that can cause the development of allergic reactions. In children under five years of age, food allergens are in first place in terms of allergenicity (usually fish, eggs, milk and nuts). In older children, pollen and household allergens (animal hair, dust, etc.) begin to predominate.

Allergy symptoms in children younger age(including newborns) usually manifest as skin lesions. Most often, children under one year of age are diagnosed with diathesis, which is sometimes mistakenly called “diathesis.” As a rule, in children, symptoms of allergic dermatitis first appear on the face, after which the entire body can be affected. As a rule, allergies in children are much more pronounced than in adults.

Treatment of allergies in children most often no different from the therapeutic tactics used in the treatment of other diseases of an allergic nature, with only one amendment - the greatest healing effect at this age is achieved after allergen-specific therapy (immunotherapy)

Allergy treatment

To treat all diseases of an allergic nature, several groups of time-tested medications are used, the order, dosage and combination of which are determined exclusively by the attending physician, based on each specific situation. Incorrect treatment can cause side effects (always appear in case of misuse antiallergic drugs) and lead to exacerbation of the disease. And self-medication of allergies is generally unacceptable, as it can lead to irreversible consequences.

Treatment of allergies with antihistamines. Antihistamines are the most well-known and effective antiallergic drugs. IN recent years Doctors usually give preference to drugs of the second (Claritin, Kestin, Cetrin, etc.) and third (Zyrtec, Xyzal, Erius, Telfast, etc.) generations. For all these drugs, a characteristic feature is a single dose daily use for usually no more than seven days (in especially severe cases, several months can be used)

Treatment of allergies with cromoglycic acid derivatives. These drugs are a fairly old, but still used group of drugs that are produced in the form of aerosols for inhalation (Tyled, Intal), nasal sprays (Cromoglin, Cromohexal) and eye drops ( eye drops Cromohexal). Due to the rather low effectiveness of these drugs, they are used only in cases of mild disease.

Treatment of allergies with glucocorticosteroid drugs. Glucocorticosteroids are very powerful antiallergic drugs that should only be used as prescribed by a doctor! Corticosteroids are available both as injectables and tablets, and as local funds like creams, ointments, sprays, etc.

Local drugs in the treatment of allergies now occupy a fairly large place, and they are used both to relieve an acute condition and as a supportive one. permanent treatment allergies. These drugs are available in the form of creams and ointments (Advantan, Lokoid), aerosols for inhalation (Flixotide, Beklozon) and nasal sprays (Nasonex, Flixonase). Despite the fact that all the latest generation drugs are practically free of side effects that are traditionally attributed to hormones, they can only be used after being prescribed by a specialist, and never exceed the prescribed duration of treatment and dosage.

For systemic action, drugs are produced in injection and tablet forms (Metypred, Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, etc.) and are prescribed in short courses (no more than five days) during periods of exacerbation of allergies. In the case of long-term use of corticosteroids, the development of such side effects as speed dial body weight (), increased blood pressure, etc. It is because of this that drugs in this group are prescribed only in cases of severe allergic disease, when other possible treatment options have not yielded positive results

Treatment of allergies with leukotriene receptor antagonists. This group of antiallergic drugs has shown in practice to be quite effective high efficiency in the treatment of bronchial asthma and some forms of urticaria. The most used drug from this group is Singulair, produced in the form of tablets of 5 and 10 mg. Due to the fact that the drug has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of not all allergic diseases, it should be used only after consultation with a doctor

Treatment of allergies with sorbents. Despite the fact that sorbents are not direct antiallergic drugs, they are still used for more active removal of infiltrated allergens from the body. Sorbents are traditionally prescribed during times of exacerbation of allergies. They have shown the greatest effectiveness for skin allergic symptoms. The most commonly used sorbents for allergies: regular activated carbon, Enterosgel, Filtrum, Laktofiltrum

Immunotherapy (allergen - specific therapy) in the treatment of allergies. Purpose specific immunotherapy is the creation of immunity to a substance to which the body responds with an excessive immune response. This therapy should only be carried out by an allergist in the conditions specialized hospital or office.

The treatment itself must be carried out during the period of remission, usually in the winter or autumn season. Therapeutic tactics consist of administering to the allergic person constantly increasing doses of the allergen that provokes the development of the reaction, starting with a negligible dose. The duration of treatment can last for years, but in most cases a person develops a stable immunity to this allergen. How earlier treatment was started, the greater the likelihood of a positive outcome. This method most effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

Physiotherapeutic procedures for allergies

Currently, the treatment of allergic diseases comes down not only to immunotherapy and the prescription of antiallergic drugs. Doctors attach great importance to the use of various physiotherapeutic procedures.

Caving chamber for allergies. The caving chamber is one of the most effective physiotherapeutic methods, which is used to treat allergic lesions of the upper respiratory tract (allergic bronchial asthma). The procedure itself involves the patient being in a room saturated with salt ions, which not only has a positive therapeutic effect on the upper respiratory tract affected by allergies, but also increases the state of immune defense

Plasmapheresis for allergies. This method involves hardware purification of blood plasma, during which part of the plasma is removed from the body. This is done so that it is in the plasma that the main amount of mediators is located and biologically active substances which are directly involved in the development of an allergic reaction. After this, the removed plasma is replaced with appropriate solutions. Plasmapheresis can be used in complex treatment exacerbations of absolutely any allergic diseases (with severe forms atopic dermatitis, with exacerbation of urticaria, allergic bronchial asthma, etc.). However, plasmapheresis is most often prescribed for moderate and severe allergies.

Hyperbaric chamber in the treatment of allergies. For the treatment of allergic diseases, a pressure chamber is rarely used. The procedure itself involves placing the patient in a special sealed chamber in which high blood pressure air. Often in a pressure chamber, special oxygen is mixed gas mixtures. Typically, this method is used to treat patients with respiratory diseases of an allergic nature.

ILBI (Intravenous laser blood irradiation). This method Quite new, but in terms of treating allergies it has proven itself to be very effective. During an ILBI session, a needle is inserted into the patient’s vein (usually at the elbow), to the end of which an optical fiber is attached, through which a laser pulse is delivered according to pre-specified characteristics. Intravenous laser irradiation of blood can be used to treat most allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc.). In addition to a fairly strong anti-inflammatory effect, ILBI has a pronounced immune-strengthening effect