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Throughout the human body, and not just on the head, you can see hairs that originate from the deep layers of the skin where the hair follicles are located. Some skin diseases can affect not only the skin, but also the hair follicle, causing a pathology such as folliculitis. What is this disease, what are the causes of the disease and is it possible to cope with this problem?

What is folliculitis

Few people know that such a disease exists. Very often it affects people of certain specialties, for example, miners, miners, mechanics, oil workers, because there are all the prerequisites for the development of pathology. But almost no one is immune from this disease.

Folliculitis on the skin is a purulent inflammatory process in the upper sections of the hair follicle.. The papule is formed more often Pink colour, in the center of it an abscess gradually forms, through which the hair passes. If the pathology is formed on the face or other parts of the body, but not on the head, then the hair may not be visible.

The whole process of pathology development takes several days, and then a crust forms, which most often falls off on its own.

Need to know. If the factors that provoke the development of folliculitis are not eliminated, the disease can become chronic.

Folliculitis belongs to the group of pyodermas, which are most often caused by staphylococci, fungi and some viruses.

Causing factors of the disease

Inflammation of the hair follicle can occur different reasons. To begin treatment, it is necessary to find out what provoked the disease. Most often, provocateurs can be:

• Violation of the integrity of the epidermis after shaving in men, epilation, mechanical injuries.

• Prolonged exposure to high or low temperatures.
• Violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
• Weak immunity.
• Hyperhidrosis.
• Chronic poisoning.
• Lack of vitamins and minerals.
• Increased sweating.
• Presence of dermatitis or eczema.

You can also name other risk factors that can increase the likelihood of inflammation of the hair follicle:

• Diabetes.
• Diaper rash in the folds of the skin (especially common in hot climates).
• Use of corticosteroid drugs.
• Therapy with antibacterial agents.
• Immunodeficiency.
• Effects on the skin chemical substances, For example, lubricants, kerosene.

information to read

Classification of pathology

Depending on the severity of the lesion, staphylococcal folliculitis is divided into two forms:

1. Surface Form: osteofolliculitis, superficial folliculitis, folliculitis decalvans.

1. Deep folliculitis: furuncle, carbuncle, undermining Hoffmann's folliculitis.

Staphylococcal folliculitis is usually located on the chin, around the eyes. Often affects men who grow beards and mustaches.

The manifestations of the disease depend on the severity of the lesion of the follicle. If a superficial form is observed, then the disease is mild. A small abscess appears on the skin, which practically does not cause concern. Sometimes there may be a little soreness. A few days after the appearance of the abscess, it breaks on its own, a crust forms, gradually falling off.

Deep folliculitis is manifested by the formation of large abscesses, reaching a size of up to 10 cm in diameter, soreness is observed. Gradually, the pathology disappears and a small scar remains in place.

Need to know. Folliculitis can be single or multiple. In the latter case, there is pruritus and enlargement of nearby lymph nodes.

If you do not carry out adequate treatment of folliculitis, then a complication may develop in the form of a carbuncle, furuncle, abscess.

Folliculitis treatment

How to treat folliculitis? Therapy of the disease depends entirely on the etiology. If the pathology is caused by fungi, then you can not do without antifungal drugs; staphylococcal folliculitis must be treated with antibiotics.

Treatment is carried out in several directions:

1. Medical therapy.
2. Physiotherapeutic methods.
3. The use of traditional medicine.

We treat folliculitis with drugs

If the disease occurs in mild form, then you can get by local preparations , For example:

• For staphylococcal folliculitis, treat affected areas antibacterial ointments eg mupirocin. This must be done 2 times a day.

• If the disease is caused by gram-negative bacteria, then the use of benzoyl peroxide topically is indicated.
• Herpetic folliculitis can be treated with Acyclovir ointment.
• For any form of the disease, use local antiseptics, for example, Fukortsin, Chlorhexidine.

Need to know. To prevent the spread of infection to healthy areas of the skin, it is necessary to treat them with boric or salicylic alcohol.

If the treatment of inflammation of the hair follicle does not respond to therapy local funds, you will have to resort to taking antibacterial drugs inside.

Antibiotics are also prescribed if:

1. The disease has become chronic.
2. There is inflammation of the lymph nodes.
3. The process quickly spreads to neighboring areas.

If the infection is caused by staphylococcus, then appoint:

• Cefalexin up to 4 times a day.

• Erythromycin.
• Minocycline if the staph is resistant to other drugs.

Pseudomonas folliculitis, which occurs in severe form, requires taking Ciprofloxacin 500 mg 2 times a day.

When fungal folliculitis is prescribed inside:

• Itraconazole.
• Terbinafine.
• Fluconazole.

The drug is selected depending on the type of bacteria. With herpetic folliculitis, antiviral agents are prescribed orally.

Any treatment must necessarily imply the elimination of a provoking factor, for example, if it aggravates the course of folliculitis diabetes, then it is necessary to carry out its therapy.

In severe pathology, systemic therapy is required.

Need to know. Any form of folliculitis during therapy requires washing the affected areas with water and taking hot baths.

Treatment with physiotherapy methods

Physiotherapy can significantly help in the treatment of folliculitis. Physiotherapy has the following effects:

• Remove the inflammatory process.
• Suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
• Increase immunity.
• Activate the formation of vitamin D in the skin.

The most commonly used methods are:

1. Impact on lesions with short ultraviolet waves.
2. General UV.
3. Low intensity UHF therapy.
4. Laser treatment.

1. Magnetotherapy.
2. Dry heat.

The use of traditional medicine

Hoffman's folliculitis and other forms can be treated using folk remedies, but they must complement the main drug therapy and must be agreed with the attending physician.

The following recipes have proven their effectiveness:

1. Application of chamomile decoction. It is great for reducing inflammation.

1. Inside, you can take a decoction of burdock root or dandelion. To prepare the medicine, you need to take a tablespoon of raw materials and pour 0.5 liters of water, boil for 10 minutes. After 2 hours of infusion, take 50 ml 2 times a day.
2. For compresses on the affected areas, you can use thistle leaves; unfortunately this method can only be used in summer time. Leaves should be crushed and applied to inflamed places.
3. For compresses, baths and dressings, you can use a decoction of the root of the thorny leaf. To prepare it, you need to pour 50 grams of dry raw materials with half a liter of water and boil over low heat for 30 minutes, and then insist for 2 hours.

Prognosis and prevention of the disease

Most often, it is quite possible to completely defeat the disease if therapy is started in a timely manner. If deep folliculitis is observed, then scars and areas of pigmentation may form at the site of the abscess.

If the therapy is chosen correctly, then it is possible to cope with the pathology in a few days. But the lack of effective treatment and non-compliance with the recommendations of the doctor is fraught with the development of complications:

• Furunculosis.
• Abscess.
• Lymphadenitis.
• Folliculitis can result in dermatophytosis of the scalp.
• To the most serious complications can be attributed to meningitis.

Preventive measures include:

1. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
2. The right choice of skin and hair care products.

1. When shaving, use special cosmetics.
2. enjoy antiseptics with the appearance of even small abrasions and damage to the skin.
3. Do not abuse antibacterial soap, it not only kills pathogenic bacteria, but also breaks the protective barrier.
4. To carry out timely therapy of diseases that can provoke the development of folliculitis.

Any disease is easier to treat at the very beginning of the development of pathology. This directly applies to folliculitis. Treatment should be selected by a specialist, taking into account the cause of the disease, then the effectiveness of therapy will be 100%.

Diseases of the skin that covers our body and is a protective barrier between environment and the internal environment of the body is always a problem. Thanks to the skin, we manage to avoid infection with many infections, including such dangerous ones as HIV. It is due to the fact that the skin is constantly in contact with large quantity infectious agents, they are most susceptible harmful effects external factors. One of the most frequent inflammatory diseases skin is folliculitis. It is very difficult to find a person who has never encountered this pathology.

What is folliculitis

Folliculitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease that affects the hair follicles, it refers to pyoderma ( purulent diseases skin). There are many factors contributing to the development of the disease:

• climate. Warm weather promotes the growth of microbial flora on the surface of the skin, while in cold regions the incidence is significantly reduced. Wearing clothes and sweating in a hot season are additional factors in the development of pathology;
• hygiene. Folliculitis is most common in socially disadvantaged segments of the population. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the hygiene of newborns and children of the first years of life. baby unable to perform hygiene procedures independently, so parents need to monitor the condition of his skin. Most often, folliculitis in children occurs due to the constant wearing of a diaper or washing too often;
• accompanying illnesses. Folliculitis can often occur as a complication of other dermatological diseases or be a symptom of endocrine or immune diseases. Inflammation joins due to microcracks in the epidermis that occur with itchy dermatosis, such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, pruritus, contact dermatitis. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in glucose in the blood and tissues of the body, such conditions are favorable for the growth of many types of bacteria, including those that cause folliculitis.

Folliculitis is purulent inflammation hair follicle

With folliculitis, any areas of the skin on which hair grows can be affected, most often it is:

• face;
• armpits
• thighs and lower legs (typical for women due to depilation).

The spread of the process to other areas, such as the chest, back, arms, is due to somatic diseases, such as diabetes, or may occur when wearing synthetic or dye-containing clothing that the patient is allergic to.

Unlike many others skin diseases folliculitis is not contagious. It is not transmitted by contact or sexual contact. Shared towel or bed linen does not increase the risk of infection, since the causative agent of the disease, to one degree or another, is present on the skin of each person.

Pathogens and types of folliculitis

Folliculitis is a non-specific disease that can be caused by a large number of pathogens.. The most common pathology is provoked by bacteria:

The next most common type of pathogens is fungi. Against the background of infection, with reduced immunity or absence balanced nutrition often develop dermatomycosis (fungal skin lesions). One of their complications is folliculitis. The most common candidiasis (caused by Candida fungi) and dermatophyte lesions. Dermatophyte forms are characterized by scars that occur after the removal of pustules.

Fungal folliculitis is often caused by fungi of the genus Candida.

Viruses can also cause folliculitis. The most common virus that can cause inflammation of the follicles is the herpes virus (more than 90% of the population are carriers). With a decrease in immunity, against the background of beriberi, with hypothermia and various somatic diseases in the region of the nasolabial triangle, vesicles (vesicles) are formed at the mouths of the hair follicles. Pathology is more common in men.

Folliculitis is subdivided according to the depth of the lesion into deep and superficial (ostiofolliculitis). With ostiofolliculitis, only the mouth (the place where the hair penetrates the skin) is affected. Most often, the pathological process penetrates into the underlying layers of the skin, turning into a deep form.

According to how the disease proceeds, its superficial and deep forms are distinguished.

Along the stream, one can distinguish sharp and chronic form pathology. chronic course usually the result of a long-term underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, HIV infection. acute form characteristic of allergic reactions or isolated cases (for example, shaving).

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

The main method of diagnosing the disease is dermatoscopy, that is, the study skin under multiple magnification. This is enough to make a diagnosis of folliculitis, but to determine further treatment a number of additional methods are used:

• smear of the contents of the abscess. This method allows you to determine the pathogen by sowing the material on nutrient media. If the bacterial nature of the disease is established, then the most effective antibiotic is selected using the obtained material;
• scraping allows you to determine the presence fungal infection skin, as well as the type of fungus;
• immunological tests. Determination of the patient's immunological status is carried out to exclude or confirm HIV infection or identify allergies;
• other research methods. They are carried out for a deeper study of the cause of the disease, if none of the listed methods has yielded results.

In case of suspicion of the occurrence of folliculitis, the patient is assigned to study the condition of the hair follicle using a dermatoscope

When diagnosing, it is necessary to differentiate the pathology with some diseases that have a similar clinical course. These include:

• frinoderma;
• furunculosis;
• knotty acne;
• streptococcal impetigo;
• pink deprive Zhibera;
• toxicoderma.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of folliculitis is aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease and removing the pathogen (etiological therapy). A dermatologist will establish a diagnosis and help get rid of the pathology, with the exception of some cases. The gonococcal type of the disease requires examination by a venereologist and appropriate treatment. A special approach is also needed for HIV-infected patients, people with diabetes, and patients with other pathologies. internal organs, that is, when folliculitis is a symptom of the underlying ailment.

Medical therapy

Depending on the cause of the inflammation of the hair follicle, different approaches to treatment are applied. Ointments and creams with antibiotics are used only when the bacterial nature of the disease is established. Antibacterial drugs should be selected taking into account the sensitivity of bacteria. If the causative agent turned out to be one of the gram-negative types of bacteria, then antibiotics are not used, benzoyl peroxide (antiseptic) is used for treatment. local action). Some drugs used in the treatment of bacterial folliculitis:

• Levomekol - combination drug, which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action;
• Tetracycline ointment contains tetracycline hydrochloride. The antibiotic inhibits the growth of almost all bacteria that cause folliculitis, except for Pseudomonas;
• Baneocin is a proprietary drug containing neomycin and bacitracin. Bacterial resistance to bacitracin is extremely rare. Substances in this combination enhance each other's action against staphylococci, and also provide a wide spectrum of action.

To accelerate healing and prevent the spread of inflammation to neighboring areas of the skin, it is possible to use aniline dyes (brilliant green, fucorcin, methylene blue), salicylic acid or boric alcohol.

In the treatment of herpetic folliculitis, external agents are ineffective. Antiviral drug Aciclovir is most effective in herpetic lesions. For the treatment of fungal folliculitis, external agents are used:

• Terbinafine is an antifungal drug that destroys almost all types of fungi, disease-causing skin;
• Itraconazole is available both in the form of ointments and in the form of capsules for oral administration. The tool has a wide range actions;
• Fluconazole is one of the best known antifungal drugs. It is not available in the form of creams and ointments, most often it can be found in the form of capsules. For external use, there is Futsis (India) or Flucorem (Russia) gel.

Photo gallery: preparations for the treatment of folliculitis

Baneocin - an antimicrobial drug intended for use on mucous membranes, skin integuments Levomekol - a combined antimicrobial drug for external use Fluconazole - an antifungal drug Terbinafine is a synthetic antifungal agents, has a wide spectrum of action

ethnoscience

Application not always possible traditional methods treatment, and sometimes patients refuse to take antibiotics and other drugs. In such cases, you can resort to alternative methods of therapy. There are many recipes alternative medicine, it is impossible to reliably assess their effectiveness, but the use of some will not hurt, and may help:

You should be careful about folk methods and recipes. The vast majority of funds are vegetable origin, they contain allergens that can aggravate the course of the disease, and in some cases lead to life-threatening conditions.

Hygiene

An important place in the fight against folliculitis is hygiene. Most often, non-compliance with the rules of skin care is the cause of the development of this process. For get well soon a number of simple conditions must be met:

• do morning hygiene procedures. For normal skin a simple wash with water is enough, for oily or dry types you can use various means(rinses, gels, foams, etc.). Accumulates on the skin after sleep a large number of"mud". This concept includes: dust, sebum, sweat, microorganisms. This creates conditions for the growth of opportunistic flora (microorganisms that constantly live in our body, which can potentially cause diseases, but this does not happen due to the work of the immune system);
• take a shower. Depending on the season and climate, the frequency of procedures may vary, but you need to shower regularly and thoroughly. If you live in a cool region, do not sweat during the day, there is no dust on the street, then there is no need for a daily shower (the skin should have a small amount of fat secreted through the pores, due to this, the barrier function of the body is achieved);
• wash your hands after coming from the street, doing various work, going to the toilet, before eating;
• keep clothes and bedding clean. These are the things on which a lot of dust, dirt, microbes and particles of dead skin accumulate during the day. Bed linen, in addition to all this, accumulates waste products of mattress mites, which can contribute to the development of skin diseases, including folliculitis.

Compliance with these simple rules not only speeds up recovery, but also reduces the risk of developing folliculitis. Preventive measures help to avoid many unpleasant consequences and complications.

Nutrition

To fully get rid of folliculitis, nutrition control is necessary. To successfully fight infection, certain foods must be excluded from the diet. This applies to fried, spicy, salty foods, it is desirable to reduce the consumption of "fast" carbohydrates (sugar, white bread other flour products). The diet should include:

It is desirable to normalize the consumption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The normal ratio of B/F/U for an adult is 1/1/4.

Complications

Folliculitis can be complicated and lead to various backfire, and in rare cases- life-threatening conditions. One of the most common and mild complications is cosmetic defects. Revealed deep pustules leave behind small ulcers, which most often disappear without a trace. But with a prolonged course of the disease or secondary infection of the sore, a scar may form at the site of the inflamed follicle. If several follicles are affected, especially on the scalp or beard and mustache in men, then areas of baldness appear.

Furuncles are next in severity. Furuncles are a deep inflammation of the hair follicle with the addition of necrotic processes. Manifested in the form of painful pustules (purulent-necrotic core in the center and reddening area on the periphery), fever may join, general weakness, inflammation of neighboring lymph nodes. The appearance of boils in the nasolabial triangle is a direct indication for hospitalization, since in this place blood vessels that feed the brain.

A carbuncle is a group of boils that have merged together. It is characterized by all the same symptoms, but more pronounced. Carbuncles require urgent surgical treatment, since they can lead to the formation of abscesses (cavities with purulent contents, limited connective tissue). Carbuncles and abscesses, in turn, can flow into sepsis (blood poisoning).

Photo gallery: complications of folliculitis

Furuncle and carbuncle are complications of folliculitis Furuncle is a purulent skin disease characterized by inflammation of the hair follicle. When two or more inflamed follicles merge, a carbuncle occurs.

Video: carbuncle and its danger

called inflammatory infectious process at the top of the hair follicle. A follicle is a hair follicle, consisting directly of the hair root and surrounding tissues. During folliculitis, a blister of pus forms in the hair follicle and surrounds the hair shaft and sebaceous gland. Feeling damaged pathological process follicle delivers pain, the dense contents of the follicle are probed.

Despite the fact that a person often comes into contact with pathogenic microflora, folliculitis does not develop in every case. There are a number of factors that increase the risk of developing folliculitis:

• increased sweating, stay in hot regions;
• wearing tight, synthetic clothing;
• frequent superficial traumatization of the skin (in particular, shaving), the presence of dermatoses and skin allergic reactions;
• acceptance of certain categories medicines(GCS, immunosuppressants);
• the presence of diseases characterized by weakened immunity (AIDS, diabetes, etc.);
• prolonged wearing of compressive bandages, adhesive plasters, which makes it difficult for the skin to contact with air;
• violation of personal hygiene.

Localization of the rash often depends on the type of folliculitis:

• on the face develops staphylococcal folliculitis and folliculitis caused by gram-negative bacteria;
• on the chin and nasolabial triangle more often develops deep staphylococcal folliculitis (sycosis) and pseudofolliculitis due to ingrown hairs; dermatophytes, candidal and herpetic folliculitis, demodicosis are immediately localized
• the scalp is usually affected by staphylococcal and fungal folliculitis;
• the neck becomes a zone for pseudofolliculitis, staphylococcal folliculitis, keloid acne;
• armpits due to shaving can develop staphylococcal and pseudomonas folliculitis
• on the buttocks, staphylococcal folliculitis develops more often than fungal.

The elements of the rash are red small inflammatory papules and pustules located in the cells of the hair follicles, there is an erythema corolla around. Pustules are destroyed, forming erosion, on the surface of which crusts are formed, at the site of their falling off, hypo- or hyperpigmentation is observed.

In cases of chronic folliculitis, elements of a rash appear simultaneously on different stages development. They are often grouped, rarely solitary.

How to treat folliculitis?

Only etiotropic is effective folliculitis treatment, and therefore focused on the destruction of the pathogen.

Treatment of staphylococcal folliculitis involves local treatment of foci of the disease with bactroban, ioddicerin, levomycetin alcohol, miramistin, trimistin. In disseminated and chronic cases, oral antibiotics and sulfonamides, antistaphylococcal gamma globulin, and levamisole immunotherapy are appropriate. The treatment will not be successful if the factors provoking folliculitis are not eliminated, antiseptic soap ("Safeguard") is not used, the skin areas prone to the development of folliculitis are not wiped with chloramphenicol, and personal hygiene is not followed.

Fungal folliculitis requires the use of antifungal drugs. Folliculitis caused by fungi of the genus Pityrosporum is more common in tropical and subtropical areas. He is treated with ketoconazole, itraconazole orally and local application clotrimazole, miconazole. Candidiasis is eliminated, respectively, by anticandidal agents (for example, fluconazole).

Pseudomonas folliculitis tends to develop after taking hot baths (37-40 ° C) with insufficiently chlorinated water. It is characteristic that the exclusion of such factors allows you to get rid of the defect within 7-10 days. If the case is severe, then ciprofloxacin will help.

Folliculitis caused by gram-negative bacteria usually occurs during the treatment of common acne with antibiotics, which means that the abolition of these drugs will give positive result. In severe cases, Biseptol is appropriate.

Herpetic folliculitis is eliminated by antiviral, antiherpetic drugs, in particular acyclovir.

Acne-like syphilides or secondary syphilis requires the use of specific therapy for syphilis and complex treatment this infection.

Demodicosis is eliminated through the use of benzyl benzoate cream, sulfur ointments, iododicerin.

If pseudofolliculitis occurs - inflammatory papules against the background of ingrown hairs, then the most effective method treatment is to grow previously shaved hair, tretionin, benzoyl peroxide can be applied topically.

Folliculitis, which develops against the background of depressed immunity, often requires thorough therapy - antihistamines with a sedative effect (for example, diphenhydramine, diprazine), topical corticosteroid ointments with a strong anti-inflammatory effect, 5% permethrin cream. In severe cases, corticosteroids are appropriate (it is noteworthy that they have an intermittent effect), isotretionine, itraconazole, UV irradiation.

What diseases can be associated

Folliculitis develops as a result of the ingestion of pathogenic microflora - pathogens - which means that such diseases affect not only the skin, but also other organs with the development of appropriate symptoms.

The likelihood of developing folliculitis is higher for people with pre-existing skin diseases- , . Persons who are sick and are considered prone to the development of folliculitis.

Folliculitis treatment at home

Folliculitis treatment easy to do at home, but expert advice is important. This is due to the need to establish the origin of the pathology in order to prescribe specific treatment. At home, it is important to observe body hygiene, available chronic diseases seek to transfer to the stage of remission. It is strictly forbidden to squeeze pustules, take hot baths.

What drugs to treat folliculitis?

With staphylococcal folliculitis, the following are appropriate:

• Trimistine.

With fungal folliculitis appoint:

• Ketozoral,

With demodicosis appoint:

Pseudofoliculitis or inflammation of the follicles due to ingrown hairs is treated:

At eosinophilic folliculitis relevant:

• Diprazine,

Pseudomonas folliculitis is treated with Ciprofloxacin, herpetic folliculitis with Acyclovir. Biseptol will be prescribed if folliculitis occurs due to the activity of gram-negative bacteria.

Funds for local use are applied in a course of 7-10 days, applied daily 2-3 times a day. If it becomes necessary to take antibiotics or other drugs orally, the regimen of use is discussed with the attending physician on an individual basis.

Treatment of folliculitis with folk methods

Folliculitis treatment folk remedies demonstrates sufficient efficiency. The variety of folk remedies is wide, but it is better to discuss any of them with your doctor before using it.

One-component products:

• butter tea tree- apply 3-4 times a day to lubricate the affected areas of the skin;
• decoction of calendula - pour 5 grams of calendula with a glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain; apply 3-4 times a day to lubricate the affected areas of the skin;
• chamomile decoction - pour 20 grams of chamomile with a glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain; apply 3-4 times a day to lubricate the affected areas of the skin;
• crushed thistle - crush the leaves of freshly picked thistle into gruel, apply it to the affected areas several times a day, cover with a gauze bandage on top.

Multicomponent tools:

• combine 200 grams of viburnum and rosehip berries, add 100 grams of dried nettle and 10 grams of chopped shell walnut; 3 tbsp Pour the resulting mixture with a glass of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes over low heat and leave to infuse under the lid for a day, then strain; Combine 50 ml of strained broth with 50 grams of honey and cottage cheese, use for compresses three times a day for 20 minutes.

Treatment of folliculitis during pregnancy

The development of folliculitis in pregnant women is possible against the background of weakening defensive forces body and the barrier function of the skin. This facilitates the penetration of infection into the hair follicle and causes the development of folliculitis. Together with other predisposing factors, it is likely in pregnant women, but it is quite easy to avoid. It is necessary to monitor the condition of your skin, to conduct healthy lifestyle life, observe body hygiene and have a good rest. While immunity during pregnancy may be somewhat weakened, a responsible approach to future motherhood will help to avoid discomfort from the development of folliculitis.

If, nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid the disease, its treatment should be carried out in conjunction with a specialist who is aware of your situation. Self-medication is contraindicated. The doctor can conduct a profile diagnosis and prescribe bactericidal drugs. If the disease is not aggravated, then you can do without the use of antibiotics, which is naturally a priority during pregnancy.

Which doctors to contact if you have folliculitis

The most effective folliculitis treatment will be such, the appointment of which was preceded by careful, including differential diagnosis. It is important to identify the causative agent of the disease.

The base is clinical diagnostics, bacterioscopy is additionally prescribed, bacteriological examination. Conclusions are drawn about the location of the defect (back, shoulders, face, neck), its size, inflammatory papules and pustules in the cells of the follicles are examined, the anamnesis of the disease indicates the presence of itching, excoriations, and the absence of comedones. staging correct diagnosis information about what preceded the development of inflammation (taking antibiotics or glucocorticosteroids, treatment acne, presence of other diseases).

With eosinophilic folliculitis, crops do not give growth of pathogens, many eosinophils are detected in pustules, eosinophilia is also visible in the blood, histologically perifollicular and perivascular infiltrates from eosinophils are detected.

Differential diagnosis is made with dermatitis, simple chronic lichen, scabies and other types of folliculitis.

Differential diagnosis of any folliculitis is made with acne vulgaris, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, steroid and iodine acne, ingrown hairs. Folliculitis differs from ordinary acne in the absence of comedones.

Diagnosis of acne-like syphilis is based on the presence of other syphilides and positive serological tests for syphilis.

Treatment of other diseases with the letter - f

Folliculitis is a type of superficial pyoderma. Skin disease is the result of purulent inflammatory process flowing in the hair follicle.

Purulent vesicles surround the sebaceous gland and the hair shaft. The greatest danger is the deep form of pathology. The inflammatory process is caused pathogenic microorganisms. Separate types folliculitis appear against the background of infectious diseases.

Causes

There are more than a dozen varieties of folliculitis. Most types of skin disease develop after the penetration of dangerous pathogens into the body:

• mushrooms;
• bacteria;
• ticks;
• viruses.

The provocative factors are divided into two groups:

• internal (endogenous);
• external (exogenous).

Often there is a combination of background diseases and exposure to external factors. Some causes are easy to eliminate, others are much more difficult to get rid of.

Most often, pathology develops under the influence of external factors:

• with contamination of the skin;
• in adverse climatic conditions;
• with microtrauma of the skin;
• due to hypothermia of the body;
• at prolonged wear tight clothes from synthetic fabrics.

Internal factors that provoke inflammation upper divisions hair follicles:

• local glucocorticosteroid ointments, especially under the bandage;
• unbalanced diet;
• diabetes;
• liver damage;
• anemia;
• long-term use of immunosuppressants.

Chronic pathologies weaken the immune system, provoke the development of skin diseases. Folliculitis can be caused by:

• gingivitis;
• Availability carious cavities in the teeth;
• periodontal disease;
• obesity;
• chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

Symptoms and varieties

The main signs are characteristic of all types of the disease:

• after infection, an inflammatory process develops;
• skin in the area hair follicles blushes, pustules appear around the hair;
• without treatment, inflammation intensifies, an infiltrate forms at the site of the lesion;
• pus collects in the pustule;
• the inflamed area rises above the skin, acquires a spherical or conical shape;
• sizes of formations - from 2 mm with superficial folliculitis to 8–10 mm with a deep type of pathology;
• after opening the abscess, redness persists.

Note! Depending on the body's ability to resist infections, one or two abscesses or hundreds of inflamed follicles appear on the body. Multiple formations often itch. With a large area of ​​​​damage, nearby lymph nodes become inflamed.

Types of folliculitis:

• Candidiasis. The main reason is the treatment of skin diseases with corticosteroids, the imposition of occlusive dressings. Risk group - bedridden patients.
• Acne syphilis. Skin lesions are a consequence of syphilis. Hair follicles have a soft red color. It is impossible to get rid of acne syphilide without curing the underlying disease.
• Staphylococcal. A variety occurs in sloppy shaving men. Ulcers occur in the area of ​​​​hard bristly hair - on the chin, in the nasolabial triangle. At running forms pathology, scar tissue forms in place of dead follicles.
• Pathology caused by dermatophytes. The epidermis becomes inflamed, later the infection penetrates deep into the follicles. Without treatment, the hair shafts are affected. Most patients develop heavy defeat- Folliculitis of the scalp.
• Hot bath folliculitis. The disease develops when the body is infected with staphylococci and other pathogens. In most cases, infection occurs after taking a bath with poorly chlorinated water, in which pathogenic microflora is present.
• Professional. Reason - prolonged exposure dangerous chemicals on the skin. Localization - back side brushes, extensor surface of the forearms.
• Kleschev. dangerous variety difficult to treat. Specific therapy is required for the epidemiological danger of the tick.
• Gonorrheal. Quite a rare sight. The reason is untreated gonorrhea. Analyzes of the contents of abscesses show a large number of gonococci. Inflamed follicles in the perineum in women, on foreskin in men.
• Pathology caused by fungi, thrive in conditions of high humidity and temperature. Multiple itchy pustules and papules are located on the back, face, neck, shoulders.
• Gram negative. It develops in weakened people. The penetration of the infection leads to new rashes on the skin, abscesses form. The main reason for the weakening of immunity in this category of patients is the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne on the face, back, and chest.
• Depilatory folliculitis. Patients are middle-aged men living in tropical countries. Symmetrical rashes appear on the skin of the legs. After being healed for lower limbs visible scars in places of inflammation.
• Eosinophilic. Pathology develops in HIV-infected patients. Places of localization - torso, head, limbs. Papular rash is one of the markers of HIV infection. Analyzes reveal high performance blood eosinophilia.
• Impetigo Bockhart. The disease develops with excessive sweating skin, long-term use warm compresses. Superficial pustules appear in the affected areas. The size of the formations is from 2 to 5 mm.

Folliculitis treatment

The dermatologist examines the rashes, prescribes additional research. Despite the characteristic rash, it is important to exclude diseases that have similar symptoms.

After collecting data on the course of the disease, identifying the causes and provoking factors, the patient undergoes mandatory tests:

• bakposev contents of pustules;
• blood "for sugar" to exclude or confirm diabetes mellitus;
• microscopic analysis of a smear according to Gram;
• in some cases, a skin biopsy is required.

Complex therapy will reduce the risk of infection of new areas of the skin, reduce inflammation, and help speedy opening and healing of abscesses. Do not take medications used by your relatives, friends, colleagues without the recommendations of a dermatologist.

For treatment various forms folliculitis is used:

• medications;
• physiotherapy procedures;
• folk remedies.

Medications

How to treat folliculitis? Effective drugs cope even with severe forms diseases. initial stage successfully treated with simple, inexpensive medications.

• treat abscesses with fucorcin, brilliant green;
  wipe the skin with salicylic, camphor alcohol 1-2%. It is forbidden to use high concentration formulations;
• at multiple rashes, large cluster pus, it is recommended to open papules, complete removal thick liquid. The procedure is performed by a doctor;
• relieve inflammation, accelerate the healing of open cavities will help compresses with ichthyol ointment. Apply gauze lubricated with ichthyol 2 times a day;
• in severe cases, the doctor will select antibiotics, sulfonamides for a particular patient. Bakposev will indicate suitable preparations for the identified type of pathogen;
• the advanced form requires the appointment of immunomodulators that restore functions immune system. Vitaferon, Immunal, Timalin are effective.

Special cases:

• with herpetic folliculitis, the inflamed areas are lubricated with Acyclovir;
• with fungal types of pathology, Terbinafine, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, antifungal ointments are used;
• in the treatment of the staphylococcal form, Mupirocin ointment helps in combination with the intake of Methicillin, Cefalexin, Erythromycin.

Read all the information about a pimple on the lip at the address.

Folk methods and recipes

With inflammation of the hair follicles, profuse rashes, home remedies improve the patient's condition. Decoctions, infusions, compresses, applications are indispensable for all forms of pathology.

Proven methods and recipes:

• Decoction of chamomile- a valuable remedy for inflammation. Per liter of water - 1 tbsp. l. colors. Steam, let it brew for 30 minutes, strain. Do this in the morning, afternoon and before bed.
• Compresses, soothing dressings with prickly. Boil 50 g of root in 0.5 liters of water for half an hour. Strain after an hour. Use the decoction daily.
• The tartar is prickly. Great for reducing inflammation. Grind the leaves, rub, put the gruel on the rashes. Hold 30 minutes.
• Effective applications. Prepare a decoction: pour 2 tbsp. water 200 g of wild rose berries, the same amount of viburnum, add 100 g of nettle, 10 g of green shell walnuts. Simmer on fire for 10 minutes. The decoction is infused for a day. Mix 50 g of fresh cottage cheese and honey. Dilute the curd-honey mixture with a decoction, make applications 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes.
• Bandages with fragrant woodruff. gruel from fresh leaves cover the abscesses. Carry out the procedure 2 times a day.
• Burdock decoction. Pour a spoonful of chopped root with 0.5 liters of water. Boil for 10 minutes, let it brew for an hour, strain. Accept healing decoction twice a day before meals.
• Dandelion infusion. Rinse the roots, leaves, chop, 2 tbsp. l. raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, boil for 10-15 minutes. Strain the decoction that has been infused for half an hour. Drink a quarter cup 3 times a day.

Complications of the disease

The disease progresses both in the lungs and severe form. Complications with some types of folliculitis are very serious.

Causes of complications:

• weak immune system;
• improper treatment;
• poor hygiene;
• untimely visit to the doctor;
• hot climate with high humidity.

Types of complications:

• dermatophytosis;
• abscess;
• carbuncle;
• follicular scars;
• lymphadenitis.

Some patients develop damage to the kidneys, brain, pneumonia. Patients with a severe course of the inflammatory process should be under constant medical supervision.

Forecast and prevention

Timely therapy minimizes complications. Most types of folliculitis have a favorable prognosis.

The crusts at the site of the opened pustules fall off after a while, the infiltrates gradually resolve. Many patients remain pigmented areas, after heavy flow diseases - scars. After a while, the skin acquires a uniform shade, cosmetic defects are hardly noticeable.

Prevention measures:

• proper care of the skin of the face and body;
• control of the condition of the skin in bedridden patients;
• regular washing of the head, the correct selection of shampoo;
• strengthening the immune system;
• treatment of chronic diseases;
• after shaving skin treatment with special lotions;
• limiting contact with chemicals;
• intelligibility in the choice of sexual partners.

Learn the symptoms of folliculitis, get acquainted with the varieties dermatological disease methods of treatment and prevention. Do not refuse the help of a dermatologist: self-medication complicates the course of the disease.