If you find signs of stomatitis in yourself, then do not delay treatment. Candidal stomatitis is a disease of the mucous membrane oral cavity. It's fungal infection, the source of which is a fungus of the genus Candida. Fungi of the genus Candida are part of normal microflora oral cavity and digestive tract. However, under certain conditions, their excessive reproduction can be observed and this is already a pathology. Most often, thrush occurs in children early age, in people who take antibiotics and / or steroids, as well as in people with a weakened immune system. As a rule, Candida infections are not dangerous. However, in some cases more serious treatment. After reading this article, you will learn how to cure stomatitis.

Steps

Treatment of stomatitis with medications

Consult your doctor for an accurate diagnosis. Doctors and dentists without special difficulties can diagnose candidal stomatitis by simply examining the oral mucosa. However, in some cases, the doctor may take a smear.

• Be sure to check with your doctor if home remedies don't work within two days, or if you're not sure you have thrush.

1. Use a nystatin rinse. Nystatin is a medicine that is used to treat infections and fungal diseases. Gargle for a few minutes and then swallow the solution to clear your throat and esophagus.

   Use miconazole gel. Miconazole is a drug for the treatment of oral thrush; you can currently purchase it without a prescription. However, be careful if you have liver disease or are pregnant or breastfeeding. In addition, this drug should not be used to treat children younger than six months of age.

   • Apply no a large number of gel directly on the affected area. If you don't know how to apply this drug, read the instructions that should be attached to the gel.

2. Take the lozenges prescribed by your doctor. You can also use nystatin or clotrimazole lozenges. Suck the tablet in your mouth until completely dissolved active substance affected the entire oral cavity. In addition, swallow saliva from time to time so that the drug also has a positive effect on the throat.

   Take prescription drugs. If rinsing or lozenges don't work, or if the infection has spread outside of your mouth, you'll need to take pills to help fight the infection. As a rule, doctors prescribe fluconazole or a drug of the echinocandin group for oral administration. Depending on the strain of fungi of the genus Candida and on individual characteristics patient ( general well-being, accompanying illnesses, allergies and other factors), the doctor will select the necessary treatment.

   Treat stomatitis that a baby has infected you with. If a child who is on breastfeeding, stomatitis, the mother may experience nipple candidiasis. In this case, the nipples are usually inflamed, flaky, and the woman may feel itchy. In addition, during feeding, she may experience pain.

   • In this case, the doctor may prescribe nystatin ointment. As a rule, the ointment is applied two to three times a day.

3. Don't use items you put in your mouth when you had thrush. Disinfect or discard items you used when you had thrush to prevent it from coming back. Replace old toothbrush(or its head if you use an electric toothbrush). If you wear dentures, soak them overnight in denture cleaning solution.

   • If a baby has stomatitis, boil items such as pacifiers and bottle nipples that the baby puts in her mouth. Wash all dishes in hot water(more than 50 C). Do not share this dish with other family members.

4. Take probiotics. Taking probiotics (good bacteria) can help manage thrush, as beneficial bacteria displace the multiplied fungus and restore the normal balance of the microflora of the oral cavity. The daily dose should not be less than 5 billion CFU (colony-forming units). Take the drug should be two to three a day.

   • If you have stomatitis small child, you can open the capsule and pour the contents into the child's food or make a paste from the capsule powder and smear the child's mouth with it.

5. Eat yogurt. You can also get probiotics from fermented foods like yogurt. However, the amount of beneficial bacteria in yogurt is much less, so the result may be worse.

   Do home solution for rinsing. You can try several various kinds rinses that will allow you to get rid of oral thrush. Rinse your mouth two to four times a day and then spit out the liquid. To prepare the solution, use the following tools:

   Use gentian violet. This effective remedy with thrush of the oral mucosa. This is a purple antifungal dye. You can buy this remedy without a doctor's prescription. Apply a small amount of gentian violet to a cotton swab and treat the affected areas of the oral mucosa. As a rule, once is enough to get positive result. Since gentian violet is a dye, be careful not to drip onto clothing or other items; wear gloves when using this product and do not touch your lips as the skin may turn purple.

   Take vitamins and minerals. Vitamin C, as well as other vitamins and minerals, boost the immune system and help fight infection and inflammation. Stick to the following doses:

   • vitamin C - from 500 to 1000 mg per day;
   • vitamin E - from 200 to 400 IU per day;
   • selenium - 200 mcg per day.

6. Include essential fatty acids in your diet. Essential fatty acids help reduce inflammation. In addition, by including essential fatty acids in your diet, you will reduce your intake of animal fats. For example, along with omega-3 ( fish oil) you can take evening primrose oil (often called evening primrose), which is best source indispensable fatty acids omega 6. Take 2 tablespoons of the oil daily, or 1000-1500 mg twice daily.

   Use propolis. Propolis is a product of the processing of resinous substances by bees. plant origin. Studies have shown that propolis has antifungal properties. However, if you are allergic to honey or have asthma, be sure to check with your doctor before using this remedy.

   Use herbal remedies. If you decide to use herbs to treat stomatitis, be sure to consult your doctor before starting treatment. Learn about possible interaction herbs with medicines. While herbal supplements may improve your condition, they can also cause serious harm your health. When treating stomatitis, you can use the following supplements:

• Avoid sharing things that come into contact with the mouth or lips (toothbrush, lipstick, and so on).
• Always follow your doctor's recommendations.

Warnings

• If you are taking medication, and the desired effect does not occur, be sure to consult your doctor.
• If you have applied home remedy but your condition has not improved within two days, see your doctor.

Sources

1. Domino, F. (n.d.). The 5-minute clinical consult standard 2015 (23rd ed.).
2. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/oral_thrush/page5_em.htm
3. Manufacturer's PIL, Daktarin® Oral Gel,; Manufacturer's PIL, Daktarin® Oral Gel, Janssen-Cilag Ltd, electronic Medicines Compendium. dated March 2011.
4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682758.html.
5. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/oral_thrush/page5_em.htm
6. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/5/503.1.full.

Candidiasis or thrush in the oral cavity is the result of the activity of yeast fungi of the genus Candida. Dentists diagnose the pathological process in adults less often than in children, but the treatment is longer. Pathology often becomes chronic.

The disease has characteristic symptoms, causes discomfort, inflammation of the mucous membrane, tongue, gums. While eating, when talking, the patient feels pain. Timely treatment prevent complications, reduce the risk of infection of family members, acquaintances, colleagues. How to deal with the disease? Let's figure it out.

Causes

Factors that provoke candidiasis in the mouth:

• mucosal injuries resulting from smoking, frequent use of alcoholic beverages, improper installation or poor turning of the edges of prostheses;
• severe pathologies endocrine system(excessive/decreased production of thyroid hormones, diabetes);
• serious infectious diseases (tuberculosis, AIDS);
• pathology of the stomach, intestines (dysbacteriosis, gastritis with high acidity);
• a long course of potent drugs that lower immunity (cytostatics, antibiotics, oral contraceptives).

Transmission routes

The source of infection is a sick person. Most often, the causative agent of thrush enters the healthy body with close contact, sneezing, talking. Less often, cases of autoinfection are noted, when yeast fungi in the oral cavity actively multiply with a decrease in immune defense.

Varieties

According to the nature and duration of the course, two forms of a fungal disease are distinguished:

• acute. Varieties - atrophic and pseudomembranous candidiasis;
• chronic. Atrophic and hyperplastic candidiasis. Both varieties sometimes transform into one another.

Symptoms

All varieties are characterized by certain characteristics:

• whitish spots on the mucous membrane, tongue, palate, tonsils, gums, inner surface of the cheeks. With the severity of the case, dentists note the defeat of the entire oral cavity;
• gradually the spots merge, an unpleasant cheesy coating of a grayish or yellowish tint appears;
• with the development of the pathological process, a film appears on the affected areas. Sometimes large or small plaques appear, the tissues around the formations turn red;
• in the initial and moderate stages, the film can be removed, in severe cases, an erosive surface remains;
• secondary infection is a frequent "companion" of thrush in the mouth in adults. There is pain, burning, severe itching, redness intensifies, spots cover the entire oral cavity.

Diagnostics

Candidiasis of the oral mucosa has characteristic symptoms; it is difficult to confuse thrush with other pathologies. At the first appointment, the doctor will examine the patient, find out the nature of the lesion, the date the symptoms appeared.

IN without fail The dentist will prescribe a number of tests:

• smear-imprint of the affected oral mucosa;
• blood test for glucose;
• general blood analysis.

If underlying diseases are suspected, consultation of narrow specialists is required:

• endocrinologist;
• gastroenterologist;
• gynecologist;
• dermatologist.

Important! Patient suffering from chronic diseases various bodies should visit a therapist. With generalized candidiasis, the treatment is carried out by a mycologist.

Methods and rules of treatment

You can get rid of the yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida with an integrated approach. The patient must comply with all the requirements of the doctor, come to the consultation on time. You will have to change your lifestyle if the reproduction of mushroom colonies was provoked by bad habits or bad care behind inner surface cheeks, teeth, tongue, gums.

• give up alcoholic beverages (at least for the duration of therapy), stop smoking;
• be examined, pay attention to the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, diabetes, leukemia;
• carefully take care of the prostheses, if sharp edges constantly scratch delicate tissues, go to the prosthetist to grind irregularities;
• change the diet and stick to a diet for oral candidiasis: give up the abundance of carbohydrate foods, sweets, milk chocolate. Eat fresh fruits, honey, vegetables, leafy greens. Eat more foods rich in vitamins;
• use only your dishes, towels, hygiene items: candidiasis is contagious.

General therapy

The doctor will select drugs with a powerful antimycotic effect. Gels, sprays, lozenges, rinses are recommended.

Self-medication, taking antibiotics on the advice of people far from medicine, often translates an acute form into a chronic one. The pathological process fades, but later resumes with new force. Antibacterial drugs from thrush, the doctor never prescribes without a special sensitivity test ..

Effective drugs:

• Antifungal tablets Nystatin and Levorin. Suck the pills under your tongue 4 to 6 times a day. Course - 10 days.
• Diflucan. The drug is stored in the body for a long time, 1 tablet per day is enough.
• Decamine. Another effective medicine in tablets. The method of application is similar to Levorin and Nystatin, but you need to use the drug more often, up to 8 times a day.
• Calcium gluconate. popular drug restorative action also eliminates the symptoms of allergic reactions.
• Suprastin, Diazolin, Cetrin, Tavegil, Loratidine– effective antihistamines. Tablets reduce swelling, redness of tissues, relieve burning, itching.
• Potassium iodide 2%. The composition reduces the dryness of the mucosa, has a detrimental effect on yeast-like fungi.
• Vitamin therapy. Eliminate unpleasant symptoms, reduce the activity of the infectious agent will help vitamin C, B vitamins.

Local treatment

Supplement the intake of tablet preparations with the treatment of affected tissues. Use only ointments, gels prescribed by a doctor: in addition to the name, the concentration of the solution is important, the correct duration of application of antimycotic compounds.

The use of the following drugs gives a positive effect:

• aniline dyes. Treat the irritated border of the lips, mucous.
• Amphotericin B, Decamine ointment 0.5% are suitable for applications.
• Clotrimazole 1%. A popular antifungal agent is prescribed in the form of an ointment and a solution of the same concentration.
• Solutions boric acid and sodium bicarbonate 2% are effective for rinsing. The volume of liquid is 1 cup.
• Levorin ointment 5%, Nystatin ointment (per 1 g base - 100,000 units), Decamine ointment 0.5% are indispensable in the treatment of cheilitis, yeast jam. The alternation of antimycotic compounds will help to enhance the effect.

Folk remedies and recipes

In the early stages, homemade recipes will help. If you notice white spots, curdled plaque, redness of the mucous membranes, lips, tongue, treat the inflamed areas with natural compounds.

Natural remedies will not cause harm, reduce burning, itching, but they cannot be used as the only treatment for candidiasis.

Important! Without the use of antifungal tablets and ointments, thrush in the mouth in adults (as well as in children) cannot be cured! Visit a dentist as soon as possible. The doctor will prescribe an examination, identify the pathogen. Often, the help of a mycologist specializing in the treatment of fungal diseases is required.

Proven Recipes:

• juice and pulp of aloe. Advantages folk remedy: actively relieves inflammation, does not irritate the mucous membrane, Another plus is medicinal leaves easy to find at home or ask neighbors (many housewives grow aloe). Squeeze out the juice, apply to the affected area. With multiple spots and sores, peel the leaf, chew the juicy pulp;
• infusion of flax seeds. healing agent envelops the mucous membrane, saturates with vitamins, reduces irritation. Pour a tablespoon of flax seeds into a glass, pour in boiling water. Wait an hour or boil the liquid with seeds for 3 minutes: you will get a light, oily composition. Strain the product, use for rinsing. The optimal frequency is three times a day;
• carrot juice from thrush in the mouth. Grate a medium root crop, squeeze the juice, dilute boiled water half. When rinsing, mucosal cells are actively saturated with beta-carotene, which accelerates regeneration processes;
• chlorophyllipt from candidiasis. Inexpensive, effective medicine is sold in any pharmacy. The extract from the healing cones of eucalyptus relieves inflammation, inhibits the activity of yeast fungi. Rinse your mouth with a solution of chlorophyllipt: 10 drops will be needed for half a glass of warm water medicinal product. Processing is carried out three times a day;
• chamomile decoction. Proven over the years universal remedy indispensable in the treatment of any inflammatory processes. The composition softens irritated, overdried mucous membranes, reduces inflammation, strengthens the gums. For daily rinses, prepare a liter of healing broth. For this volume of boiling water, you will need 2 tablespoons (with a slide) of flowers. Steam dry raw materials in a jar, wait 40 minutes. Use the filtered decoction up to eight times a day.

Prevention measures:

• refusal of cigarettes, frequent use of alcohol;
• correct, timely cleansing of the oral cavity from plaque;
• a minimum of carbohydrate foods on the menu, the rejection of a large number of sweets that provoke the accumulation of soft plaque. Less carbonated drinks and candies with dyes that irritate the mucous membrane;
• control, exacerbation prevention endocrine diseases, severe disorders of the digestive system;
• therapy of dangerous infectious diseases;
• careful fitting of prostheses, correction of design defects;
• prevention of microtraumas of the delicate mucosa and tongue;
• strengthening the immune system, additional reception multivitamins in the autumn-spring period;
• prevention of dysbacteriosis, candidiasis with antibiotic therapy. Along with antibiotics, take drugs that preserve the health of the intestinal microflora (probiotics);
• do not drink from other people's cups, do not take the toothbrush of another family member: it is easy to "catch" the infection with an asymptomatic course (in initial stage).

The appearance of candidiasis in the oral cavity in adults is a sign pathological processes occurring in the body, a consequence of an improper lifestyle or violation of hygiene standards. See a doctor for early stage diseases, strictly adhere to the rules, do not self-medicate.

Remember: chronic form thrush is fraught severe complications, constant discomfort during meals, brushing teeth, deterioration in the quality of life. Learn preventive measures and stay healthy!

Video about the symptoms and treatment of oral candidiasis in adults:

Oral candidiasis, or oral thrush, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of bacteria of the genus Candida. It often occurs in young children, people wearing dentures, and those with weakened immune systems. The infection affects the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Symptoms

Oral candidiasis may be chronic or acute form. In the first case, the infection systematically declares itself, periods of remission are replaced by acute relapses. In the second, thrush develops rapidly, with proper treatment passes quickly and completely, leaving no consequences.

The main symptoms include:

• the appearance of a white film or cheesy plaque in the mouth: on the palate, gums, pharynx and tongue;
• pain and discomfort in the process of eating;
• inflamed mucosa under the plaque;
• swelling and enlargement of the papillae of the tongue;
• dry mouth;
• general malaise;
• increase in body temperature.

Usually the last symptom appears when running form thrush when the infection has moved to the throat area.

The main symptom of thrush is the appearance of plaque in the oral cavity. At the initial stage of development, it has the character of a white film. Usually it is easily removed with a bandage. With the subsequent development of the disease, the discharge takes on a looser consistency, becomes like cottage cheese and may acquire a yellowish tint. All this is accompanied by a slight burning sensation and pain when it hits the inflamed areas acidic and spicy foods.

In the future, this symptom becomes more pronounced, plaque is no longer so easily removed. Under it, inflamed areas of the mucosa are found in the oral cavity, which can bleed and become covered with erosions. The development process itself becomes more painful. Appears in the mouth bad taste, an unpleasant odor is felt from the oral cavity.

According to the symptoms and the location of the plaque, they distinguish the following forms oral candidiasis:

• pseudomembrane;
• erythematous (redness on the tongue and palate);
• hyperplastic, it is also chronic (plaque cannot be removed);
• angular stomatitis (red sores appear in the corners of the mouth).

In addition to the additions indicated in brackets, the main symptoms will be similar to those described above.

If treatment is not started on time, then thrush from the oral cavity can spread to other parts of the body. The infant and mother can repeatedly transmit the infection to each other. In infants, it develops in the mouth and on the skin, in the mother - in the breast area. So if symptoms such as inflammation of the peripapillary zone and burning sensation around the nipple appear, you should consult a pediatrician, especially if the baby has a white coating in his mouth.

Causes

The cause of oral candidiasis is the overgrowth of yeast fungi. At healthy person these bacteria are present in small quantities in the microflora and do not cause any disease. In an unfavorable combination of circumstances, a special environment is formed that “forces” the fungi to actively multiply. Imbalance leads to infection.

Risk factors that help create a favorable environment can be various deviations from the norm. The cause of the appearance of the main symptoms of thrush in women may be taking hormonal drugs, pregnancy, chronic syndrome dry mouth. In addition, weakened immunity and diseases that cause a weakening of the protective functions of the body can affect the active reproduction of bacteria. These include: HIV, diabetes mellitus, quality and malignant neoplasms, frequent inflammatory processes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Thrush in the mouth of babies may appear due to improper hygiene of the mother, in addition, the baby could be infected during childbirth. If both are not treated in a timely manner, then the infection will “walk” from one to the other. In adults, symptoms of thrush often appear in people wearing dentures. It causes prosthetic stomatitis, the reason for its appearance is improper oral hygiene and artificial teeth, ill-fitting dentures.

Smokers should also be careful. It has been proven that tobacco promotes the development of fungi in the oral cavity. Smoking also lowers the body's immune system. To prevent the development of infection, you should be more attentive to your health, follow all the rules of hygiene and treat all diseases in a timely manner.

Treatment

should begin with the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease. To do this, you must definitely consult a doctor so that he can diagnose and write out necessary medicines. Treatment will be complex and will help to solve 2 problems:

• eliminate the cause that caused the active reproduction of bacteria;
• normalize the microflora of the oral cavity.

To solve the first problem, more attention should be paid to oral hygiene and prostheses, diabetics should normalize blood glucose levels and constantly monitor it. In case of violations hormonal background it is necessary to find out and eliminate the cause, maybe abandon contraceptives or change them. You will also need to pay attention to the diet and reduce the consumption of sweet, fatty and smoked foods.

Direct treatment of thrush will depend on the degree of development of the infection and its form. Treatment is carried out either by a therapist, or a pediatrician, or a dentist. Mild forms can be treated with both acidic liquids and yogurt. The first "kill" the fungus, the second normalizes the microflora.

Usually thrush in the mouth in adults is treated with antifungal drugs. These can be lozenges for resorption Decamine, Diflucan capsules, antibiotics Levorin and Nystatin. Local treatment consists of treating the oral cavity with ointments Clotrimazole, Pimafucin, Decamine ointment. Mandatory intake of vitamins of group B, ascorbic and nicotinic acid. The oral cavity is rinsed with a 2-3% solution of borax (sodium tetraborate) or a 2% solution of boric acid.

With timely treatment, thrush in the oral cavity is cured very quickly and does not give any complications.

Yeast-like fungi belonging to the genus Candida can affect the skin and mucous membranes of the vagina, oral cavity, esophagus, etc. Thrush in women in the mouth does not apply to frequent illnesses and often indicates a weakened immune system due to the influence of various factors. The infection can be both acute and characterized by a chronic relapsing course.

Since a candidal infection is caused by a conditionally pathogenic flora, a factor or a combination of them must act on the body, which will lead to the activation of fungi and increase their virulence.

Most common causes fungal infection in the oral cavity:

1. Continuous or course use of steroid hormones, cytotoxic drugs or chemotherapy. This is required by oncological, autoimmune, severe endocrine diseases.
2. Systemic, after which there is a high risk of dysbacteriosis in the intestines, vagina and oral cavity, since they have their own microflora.
3. Wearing silicone or plastic prostheses, which periodically injure the mucous membrane, break the bite and reduce the chewing ability of the jaws.
4. Long-term use of inhaled glucocorticoids. Fine particles settle in the oral cavity and inhibit the synthesis of local immunity - lysozyme and immunoglobulin A.
5. Congenital immunodeficiencies, HIV, AIDS are also quite often accompanied by the development of thrush on the oral mucosa.
6. The decompensated course of endocrinopathy (thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, Itsenko-Cushing's disease, etc.) leads to a reduced production of protective antibodies.
7. Smoking is a fairly common factor influencing the appearance of infections in the oral cavity.
8. The prevalence of carbohydrates in food (sugar - favorable environment for the reproduction of various bacteria, protozoa and fungi). In addition, chocolate and other confectionery contribute to the appearance of caries on the tooth enamel - a source of infection.

Symptoms

For the most part, the symptoms of thrush in the mouth in women depend on the form of the disease, its prevalence and severity. The classic manifestations of any form are redness, or discomfort, whitish deposits and erosion.

At candidal stomatitis usually the mucous membrane of the tongue, cheeks, soft palate is affected, and less often -. On a brightly hyperemic background, small scattered white plaques appear, which are easily removed when scraped with a spatula.

Over time, in the absence of proper treatment, they transform into larger affected areas, after rejection, leaving behind surface defects in the epithelium - erosion. All this is accompanied by a pronounced burning sensation and a feeling of discomfort.

Candidal glossitis is characterized by a predominant lesion of the surface tissues of the tongue. The papillae of the epithelium become red and edematous, after a small amount of time they also appear dotted and linear raids, prone to fusion. They have the appearance of large, dense and thick white formations covering the entire surface of the tongue. After the plaque is rejected, you can see the zones of desquamated squamous epithelium. Patients often complain of burning, loss of appetite and in the oral cavity.

Symptoms of candidiasis in women in the mouth with localization on the lips have the following features: it is the red border of the lips and the corners of the mouth that is most often affected, which is called candidal cheilitis. In the corners of the mouth, one can notice brightly hyperemic radial stripes, areas of erosion, crusts and characteristic white plaques. Patients complain of pain and difficulty in opening the mouth, burning on the lips.

A photo

Remember specifics clinical manifestations a photo of thrush in a woman's mouth will help.

In this case, rounded whitish plaques are visualized, located against the background of a red and edematous mucous membrane. They are localized in soft palate, uvula, palatine arches and tongue. You can also note the friability of the epithelial membranes, the accumulation of salivary fluid.

How and how to treat candidiasis in women in the mouth?

After establishing the diagnosis, the main task switches to the appointment of the correct therapy. Since the disease is caused by fungi, the treatment of thrush in women in the mouth includes antifungal drugs, probiotics, antiseptic solutions and often membrane stabilizers.

traditional medicine

Easy to take systemic antimycotics containing fluconazole. According to the instructions, one dose of 150 mg capsules is enough to completely get rid of the unpleasant manifestations of the disease (Diflucan or Fluconazole). It is important to consider contraindications, since fluconazole is not used in women with an allergy to it, with chronic pathology Gastrointestinal tract in history and with liver pathologies.

No less effective, like Nizoral, Nystatin, Levorin, Orungal, Lamisil, etc. The course of these drugs is somewhat more than with fluconazole - one or two tablets once a day for 7-14 days.

Well-proven and local antifungal agents, successfully used in medical practice: Clotrimazole or Pimafucin, 0.5% Decamine ointment, creams based on nystatin or itraconazole. As a rule, they are applied twice a day to the affected areas for 10-12 days.

You can rinse your mouth with the help of combined ones, produced in the form of a solution: Chlorophyllipt with Rotokan, Hexoral Spray, Oracept, Givalex or Tantum Verde. Usually three to four rinses per day are enough, with a course of 7 to 10 days.

Of the probiotic agents, Enterogermina, Linex, Yogulact and Bifiform are often prescribed. The minimum course is 14 days, and the most optimal course is 3-4 weeks or even more. To stabilize the walls of mast cells (increase inflammation), calcium gluconate, ketotifen or desloratadine are prescribed for 10-21 days of daily intake.

It is also advisable to supplement the treatment with vitamins of groups B, C and PP ( folic acid, ascorbic acid and niacin). For a faster effect, they are recommended to be administered intramuscularly.

Folk ways

How to treat candidiasis in the mouth in women when using traditional medicine:

• A solution with 3% hydrogen peroxide, which is added in the amount of one tablespoon to a glass of decoction or oak bark. The resulting mixture rinse the mouth three times a day for 10 days.
• . Three drops of raw materials are dissolved in a faceted glass pure water and rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day after meals. It is important not to swallow the liquid.
• Also in the pharmacy you can buy the usual from St. John's wort, calendula, sage or celandine. It is prepared in the way indicated in the instructions (brewed in the same way as regular tea). Cooled liquid lubricates the affected areas 3 or 4 times a day.

Prevention

First of all, preventive actions aimed at correcting nutrition and observing all the rules for the oral cavity (carbohydrates and fats are limited, teeth are brushed twice a day, while it is recommended to change the model of paste and toothbrush every 1-2 months). If the disease is provoked by a chronic pathology, then attention should be paid to its correction.

In the presence of dentures, it is necessary to treat them daily in an antiseptic solution (if the material allows), and also rinse the mouth three times a week.

When doctors prescribe long-term use cytostatics, hormonal drugs or antibiotics, they should also think about protecting the body from adverse reactions these drugs (include probiotics, antimycotics, etc. in therapy). To reduce the risk of candidiasis, it is also recommended to exclude or at least limit smoking.

Thrush is often associated with sensitive issues- Discomfort in the genital area. But the yeast that causes this disease lives in the mouth, in the intestines, and on the skin. For children and the elderly, oral thrush is a serious problem.

Oral thrush

According to Nobel laureate Roger Williams, in comfortable conditions per day, one spore of a yeast fungus gives a hundred "babies". And in a week, one spore can grow into a colony weighing a billion tons! What stops this process normally? Firstly, Candida has about 500 types of neighbors in our body, for example, lactobacilli. Secondly, yeast is not much different from the yeast we use to knead dough: they need sugar to develop. Usually there is not enough carbohydrates and excess spores die without food.

Of the 150 varieties of candida, only 4 regularly cause candidiasis (). Moreover, they have a specialization: one type of pathogen lives in the oral cavity in 60% of healthy adults, more often in women and smoking men. The other is in babies' mouths. The third is responsible for discomfort in the genital area. Another pesters mainly the elderly and weakened people. But those who suffer from chronic significant weakening of the immune system (with AIDS, oncology) usually find rare types of candida. These nuances are important for physicians, since not all types of fungi are afraid of classic antifungal drugs. In many cases, it may take several large doses or a combination of different drugs.

Another common association: thrush is something harmless that "will pass by itself." Usually a harmless fungus creates large colonies and provokes inflammation when the immune system is unable to resist it. Everyone has such situations sooner or later, therefore, according to the data World Organization health care, one in five people suffered from thrush at least once in their lives. But many doctors go even further and say: there is no such woman who would not face such a problem. So, thrush is a matter of life?

No. Candida, like animals, safe alone, but attacking in a flock, having multiplied, begins to suppress human immunity. To ensure its safety, the fungus releases toxins that do not allow the body's defenses to recover. And candida from the oral cavity gradually descends into gastrointestinal tract and displaces beneficial bacteria, on which the state of immunity depends.

Symptoms and causes of thrush in the mouth

Symptoms of oral candidiasis:

• Milky curdled plaque on the cheeks, palate, tongue, sometimes on the lips;
• If the disease is advanced, the plaque concentrates into white plaques that can cover the pharynx and reach the tonsils;
• There may be no white plaque, but pain and redness of the mucosa;
• If the thrush has descended into the esophagus, there may be difficulty in swallowing, pain, perspiration, a feeling that the food is "lump" in the throat;
• Burning, itching, pain in the mouth;
• sores;
• Dryness in the mouth;
• IN advanced cases- subfebrile temperature;
• There may be an unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• Micro-wounds, bleeding of the oral mucosa, which may cause a taste of blood in the mouth;
• Seizures in the corners of the mouth, also covered with a white coating;
• A person may be much weaker than usual in recognizing tastes.

What causes thrush to develop?

Medications:

• antibiotics;
• Steroids;
• Aerosol hormones intended for people suffering from bronchial asthma.

Weakened immunity:

• repressed the immune system due to severe chronic diseases (tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV);
• allergies;
• chronic fatigue, stress;
• Bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction);
• recurring bacterial infections;
• Dysbacteriosis in infants;

Hygiene violations:

• Improper hygienic care for removable dentures or braces;
• Violation hygiene care behind the oral cavity (especially with periodontitis, caries);
• Insufficient hygiene when caring for a baby;

Improper diet and related diseases:

• The use of a large amount of sweets (and with the development of diabetes - even without excessive consumption of sweets);
• Gastritis with low acidity of the stomach.

Hereditary and age features:

• Anomalies of the tongue (folded tongue, etc.)
• hereditary predisposition
• Hormonal changes(, menopause, pregnancy)
• In infants - immaturity of the oral mucosa, especially in premature infants.

Thrush in the mouth in adults

If an adult does not have a severe chronic disease, candidiasis in the mouth is extremely rare. But for people of retirement age, thrush is a serious threat: every tenth elderly person suffers from this fungus. Candida can be contracted by kissing, sharing a toothbrush, or sharing utensils. But, as already mentioned, only people aged and weakened by other diseases need to worry about not being re-infected - and already after a course of therapy for thrush. It is important for the rest to understand: the fact that there is a fungus in the body is normal, it is almost impossible to avoid its “settlement”. 60% of aged patients who treat such a problem use removable dentures. Most often suffer people who leave "teeth" in the mouth at night and rarely take them off, do not monitor their cleanliness. But those who, it seems to them, follow hygiene can also have problems: they wash with soap and soda, a solution of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. In fact, such remedies are not useful and even harmful. They dry out the oral mucosa and increase the risk of candidiasis. To care for dentures, it is necessary to use special creams, powders, soluble tablets.

Oral candidiasis cannot be ignored because it may be the only outward sign on the initial stage serious illnesses such as HIV and tuberculosis.

At the same time, candidiasis is much more severe than in other patients, with deep defeat tissues, and at the stage of AIDS increases the risk of oral cancers (for example, Kaposi's sarcoma).

But don't get scared right away. In a relatively healthy person, several factors may simply converge at once that contribute to the development of candidiasis in the mouth. For example, the recent use of antibiotics (especially when a person drinks a course for any cold without a doctor's recommendation) increases the risk of developing thrush by 20%. Much higher risk if added to this low acidity. The development of candidiasis is facilitated by the acidity of pH 4.5 (normally it is from 7.35 to 7.45 pH). Another factor that depends on the person himself is the use of excess sugar. The problem is that if the excess glucose in the body is constant, the stage of pre-diabetes sets in, the fungus becomes convenient for the body, a new symbiosis sets in - candida is used to break down excess sugar in the blood. But such forced stability is detrimental to health: thrush undermines immunity.

Thrush in the mouth in children

Every twentieth newborn suffers from candidiasis - usually infection with a large number of spores of the fungus occurs during childbirth if the mother has untreated vaginal thrush. But every tenth child infancy falls ill already due to hygiene violations by those who care for the baby. He becomes restless, sucks badly, and may even refuse to eat. A whitish film or curdled clots is noticeable in the mouth.

A baby can get sick if those who care for him have nail candidiasis or if the mother has oral candidiasis, while she, for example, licks a fallen nipple and puts it in the baby's mouth. Also prone to the disease are "artists", who are given mixtures with high content Sahara.

It is useful for mothers to know that candidiasis can also be transmitted from the child to the mother during breastfeeding, while the nipples are affected. They flake, itch, tingle, discomfort is felt. So that the fungus is not transmitted in a circle, it is necessary to treat the thrush in the mother.

What does thrush look like in a child's mouth

White coating can be confused with milk residue after eating or spitting up.

In severe cases, clots appear instead of plaque, sores may occur.

Plaque may be concentrated on the gums, cheeks, or tongue.

Treatment of thrush in the mouth: drug treatment

Local treatment

The first reaction of a patient or mother of a child with thrush is to treat the oral cavity. Local therapy is needed, but it is not the only or even the main treatment. However, funds are needed that help relieve painful sensations and restore tissue damaged by the fungus. Due to the different causative agents of the disease and concomitant diagnoses, an individual approach is required in each case.

Appoint dental gels, disinfectant rinses, lubrication, applications, solutions, aerosols, lozenges. For example, cholisal immediately anesthetizes, but at the same time prevents the development pathogenic bacteria. After any food intake during an illness, it is necessary to clean the mouth with an antiseptic. Fluconazole, ketoconazole, mycomax, diflucan - these are the drugs that doctors usually suggest. Sangviritrin is even used to treat newborns, as the drug is non-toxic and creates a barrier to re-disease. Local antiseptics are recommended to be alternated every week. Prescribe drugs based on iodine to suppress the reproduction of the fungus. A combination of Lugol's solution and a 10% solution of borax in glycerin helps effectively. In addition to other therapy, rinsing is also recommended every 2-3 hours: solutions of furacilin, potassium permanganate, infusions of chamomile, calendula.

Systemic treatment

Antibiotics that treat oral candidiasis destroy the fungus throughout the body:

• polyenes (nystatin, natamycin, levorin, amphotericin B)
• Triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole).
• Allylamines (terbinafine, lamisil).
• Echinocandins (caspofungin).

It is also necessary to increase immunity (for this, vitamins, microelements are prescribed - calcium gluconate, iron preparations, probiotics, immunomodulators), treat concomitant diseases and bad teeth.

Treatment of thrush in the mouth: folk methods

Replace medicinal treatment herbal medicine and folk methods doctors do not recommend. But you can add as supportive means, especially when local treatment. What plants, vegetables, fruits and berries can help?

Garlic- a well-known antifungal agent. It can be eaten (this will also increase immunity), make lotions from gruel or juice (however, if kept for a long time or concentrated, this can lead to mucosal burns). However, children should absolutely not use this remedy.

Tea tree oil suitable for rinsing. To do this, dissolve 4-5 drops

in glass cold water. Tea tree oil also inhibits yeast growth.

Apple vinegar can also be used to prepare a rinse: a tablespoon is enough for a glass of warm water. Beware of overdrying the mouth, do not use for children. Similarly, you can apply kvass.

Calendula tincture solution, oak bark decoction also suitable for rinsing.

You can lubricate the mouth sea ​​buckthorn oil.

Pomegranate can generally strengthen defensive forces body (for this it is worth drinking juice regularly), and have a local effect. If a paste of crushed grant grains is kept on the affected areas of the mucosa, this will ease the pain and reduce irritation.

Cranberry and raspberry juice suitable for rinsing. This is a remedy that increases the acidity in the oral cavity, which suppresses the fungus.

citrus juice eliminates vitamin C deficiency, and rinsing and drinking juice slowly (through a straw) helps to heal tissues.

Yogurt can help even a baby, if they lubricate the oral mucosa. Enzymes inhibit candida. Of course, it's only about natural product without additives and sugar. Elderly people can also be recommended as a preventive measure, because lactobacilli and bifidobacteria "compete" with yeast fungi, prevent them from growing, treat dysbacteriosis, which can also aggravate the course of thrush in the mouth.

Types of oral candidiasis

gum candidiasis

Gingival thrush usually occurs in either infants or older people with dentures. Smoking also increases the risk of the disease. The therapy of this type of candidiasis does not differ from the treatment of the rest, but additional recommendations: visit the dentist more often, strictly ensure that you brush your teeth 2 times a day, get rid of malocclusion, ill-fitting crowns and other dental defects.

It is important not to ignore what appears to be thrush, as it is easy to confuse it with white patches on the gums, which are signs of a precancerous condition. A biopsy of the gum tissue will help to get rid of doubts.

Oropharyngeal thrush

The reason for this common type of disease is most often the abuse of antibiotics (taking without a doctor's prescription, exceeding the dose, duration of the course). Oropharyngeal candidiasis very often accompanies aggressive treatment. Thrush that has spread from the mouth to the throat can be confused with a sore throat. White plaque is possible even on the tonsils. Also added general weakness body, loss of appetite. But if the temperature rises with angina, it does not change or even slightly decreases with candidiasis. Sore throat is not as intense as with angina. A professional can easily distinguish tonsil disease from candidal plaque, and the diagnosis can be confirmed using a scraping analysis.

This type of thrush cannot be started: after all, the fungus can descend from the throat into the gastrointestinal tract.

Candidiasis at the corners of the mouth

This is enough rare disease, which is also called yeast jam. Among all those suffering from thrush, only one in a hundred suffers from this particular form. The disease can be seen by cracks in the corners of the mouth. But what about the well-known jam that occurs in many children? Her culprit is streptococcus. Such seizures usually occur against the background of beriberi, in spring and autumn, and pass quickly enough. Candidiasis lesion is easy to distinguish by white bloom on cracks in the corners of the mouth.

Usually the fungus affects the mouth from two sides at once. The skin in the fold of the lips becomes loose, then a crack appears, and over time it can develop into a wound several centimeters long. The crack bleeds when the person speaks or eats.

Most often, this disease develops in those who often lick their lips, especially on the street. Also, children or the elderly may have profuse salivation while sleeping with open mouth. Sharp-edged teeth or dentures can also injure the lips, and candida settles in the wounds.

Prevention of thrush in the mouth

For pregnant women and mothers of babies:

• observe personal hygiene;
• do not eat excessive amounts of sweets, follow the doctor's recommendations regarding nutrition;
• try to breastfeed
• if the child is an "artificial", it is important to sterilize pacifiers, nipple covers, a bottle, a nipple in time;
• Do not give sweetened water to your child large quantities adding sugar to the mixture.

For adults and especially the elderly:

• visit the dentist regularly;
• exclude self-medication with antibiotics and sulfonamides;
• if previously failed to get rid of bad habits quit smoking in old age;
• If you use an asthma inhaler, rinse your mouth with warm water after using it. Use an inhaler that delivers the drug to the Airways rather than being sprayed in the mouth;
• Treat dentures antifungal agents(especially if thrush has already developed). Rinse them every night before bed and brush them with a toothbrush. Store the prosthesis in chlorhexidine gluconate solution.
• Cut down on sugary foods. It is necessary to eat foods containing a large amount of protein, as well as vegetables and fruits. Do not forget about drinks - they should not be sweet either. And sour drinks (say, tea with lemon, berry fruit drinks) and food will serve as a preventive measure.

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