Allergies are represented by an atypical response of the immune system to any irritant that has entered the body. Sometimes familiar, harmless substances can provoke a painful reaction in the body. Allergies can manifest themselves in various organs and systems of the body. Faced with such a problem, expectant mothers consult with specialists. They are interested in the question: which antihistamines during pregnancy are less dangerous for their baby.

Types of allergies in pregnant women

To easily recognize the signs of an atypical reaction of the body to allergens in such a delicate situation in women, you need to know what types of allergies there are:

• . This type of reaction is considered the most common in pregnant women. It is observed not seasonally, but at any time of the year. Most often it appears from the second trimester;
• Conjunctivitis. It occurs when a certain allergen gets into the eye. Rarely occurs on its own. It usually accompanies rhinitis;
• Dermatitis, urticaria. Skin reaction manifested by redness, rash on the dermis, itching, peeling of the epithelium;
• . Fixed this pathology in 2% of pregnant women. Its exacerbation is observed at the end of the 2nd trimester;
• Quincke's edema;
• Anaphylactic shock.

Any type of allergic reaction should be treated under the supervision of a specialist. This condition of the mother is dangerous due to hypoxia (oxygen starvation) of the fetus. The development of fetal hypoxia is provoked by spasms of placental vessels, which occur when taking certain medications, swelling of the nasal mucosa, pulmonary tissue, and respiratory failure. Having diagnosed an allergy in a pregnant woman, the doctor prescribes certain antihistamines for pregnant women.

Causes of an allergic reaction

During pregnancy, there is an increased production of cortisol by the body, which exhibits antiallergic activity. Given this feature, pregnant women rarely suffer from signs of allergies. But there are exceptions. It is more difficult for pregnant women to get sick, because many medications are contraindicated for them due to their special situation.

How do antihistamines work?

Pharmacists have developed three generations of antihistamines. They have the same principle of action, the difference is represented by the accuracy and selectivity of the attachment of drug molecules to the receptor sites of the body.

Histamine is responsible for causing immediate allergy symptoms. This organic compound is produced by special mast cells, then it attaches to 3 types of receptors. These receptors are located in different places:

• stomach;
• nervous system;
• most body tissues.

Under the influence of antihistamines, free receptors are occupied and blocked for a certain period. At the same time, there is a decrease in the severity of the allergic reaction.

Effective antihistamines during pregnancy

Pharmacists have created antihistamines for several generations. Over time, medications improve. This is manifested in the following points:

• decreased addiction;
• reducing the severity of side effects;
• reduction in quantity side effects;
• increasing the duration of action of the medication.

First generation drugs can be used in the treatment of acute allergic conditions in pregnant women (the annotation states that they are prohibited while pregnant). The most common ones are:

• "", "Chloropyramine". They are used in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (provided that the benefit to the mother significantly exceeds the potential risk to the fetus);
• "Tavegil", "Clemastine". Reception by pregnant women is allowed only vital signs(if it is impossible to use another medication). In a number of cases, negative effects on offspring were observed when studies were conducted on pregnant rats. Limb defects and heart defects were recorded in the offspring;
• "Diphenhydramine." Prescribed only in extreme cases due to the ability to cause increased excitability of the uterus;
• "Pipolfen", "Promethazine". These medications are not prescribed during pregnancy.

Second generation antihistamines include the following:

• "Astemizole". Due to the toxic effect on the fetus, its use during pregnancy is prohibited;
• "", "Claritin". Pregnant women are prescribed after an adequate assessment of such risk/benefit indicators;
• "Azelastine." According to the tests carried out, a dose exceeding the therapeutic dose does not have any effect teratogenic effects for the fruit. But it is not recommended for pregnant women to take it in the 1st trimester.

The third generation includes the following drugs:

• "Fexofenadine", "Telfast". It is used against allergies in pregnant women only as prescribed by a specialist;
• "Zyrtec", "Parlazin", "Cetirizine". Pregnancy is not considered for the use of these medications. absolute contraindication. According to studies conducted on animals, these medications do not have a teratogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effect on the offspring;
• "Desloratadine", "Levocetirizine". The medications do not have a cardiotoxic effect.

What antihistamines can be taken in different periods pregnancy, we will consider below.

1st trimester

This is a period when all antihistamines are strictly contraindicated.

2nd trimester

This period of pregnancy does not have such strict restrictions as the first. Experts emphasize that not a single antihistamine guarantees absolute safety for the unborn child.

During this period of gestation, doctors may prescribe the following medications:

• "Suprastin";
• "Zyrtec";
• "Desloratadine";

3rd trimester

Usually characterized by a decrease in the manifestation of allergic reactions. Pregnant women experience significant relief. Doctors may prescribe antihistamines based on possible risks for the fetus, benefits for the mother. Used against allergies:

• "Zyrtec";
• "Desloratadine";
• "Claritin";
• "Azelastine."

How to alleviate (eliminate) allergies during pregnancy?

Experts warn expectant mothers that there is no antihistamine that is completely safe to use. To relieve allergic signs, they advise trying natural antihistamines ( certain vitamins). These substances will help cope with unpleasant symptoms without harming the fetus.

Among the vitamins, the following have an antiallergic effect:

• B12. It is classified as a universal natural antihistamine. Used in the treatment of dermatitis, allergic asthma. The doctor may prescribe a course of treatment for 3 to 4 weeks. You should take 500 mg of the vitamin per day;
• WITH ( ascorbic acid). You can minimize the signs of respiratory allergies by taking 1–4 g of acid per day. This vitamin prevents anaphylactic reactions;
• Pantothenic acid. Prescribed for allergic rhinitis. 100 mg of the drug can relieve the symptoms of the disease. It should be taken before bedtime. Over time, the dosage can be increased (250 mg);
• Zinc. Prescribed to reduce allergies to household chemicals, perfumes, and cosmetics. It is recommended to take it in a complex compound (aspartate, picolinate). A pure microelement can cause the development of anemia. The therapeutic course is about a month. Daily dose 50 – 60 mg;
• Nicotinic acid. Reduces the severity of allergy symptoms. Indicated when the body reacts to plant pollen. The therapeutic course is about a month. Daily dose 50 – 60 mg;
• Linoleic acid, fish oil. They help prevent the development of allergic reactions (itching, runny nose, red eyes, lacrimation, redness of the dermis);
• Used to prevent allergic reactions.

Such antihistamines during pregnancy will bring more benefit to the mother and will not harm the fetus. Taking vitamins is allowed only after consulting a doctor. The dosage and course of therapy are prescribed by a specialist.

Allergy medications prohibited during pregnancy

When carrying a baby, the expectant mother needs to think first of all about his health. The symptoms of an allergic reaction can be simply unbearable, but taking medications without consulting a specialist is strictly prohibited. There are a number of drugs that are prohibited during pregnancy. This list is quite long:

• "Betadrine." The use of this medicine is prohibited at all stages of pregnancy;
• "Diphenhydramine." The drug can have an effect on contractile function uterus. It cannot be used throughout pregnancy;
• "Tavegil". Taking this medication may cause birth defects in the fetus. It is prohibited during gestation;
• "Claritin." When carrying a fetus, a doctor can prescribe this medication only for health reasons;
• "Pipolfen." It is prohibited to take this drug during the entire gestation period;
• "Astemizole". Capable of having a teratogenic effect (in other words, causes developmental defects). It is not prescribed for pregnant women;
• "Ketotifen." Its use in pregnant women is contraindicated due to the lack of data regarding its effects on the fetus;
• "Cromolyn sodium";
• "Zafirlukast";
• "Hystaglobulin."

The use of antihistamines can be dangerous for the unborn baby. Pregnant women should not take risks or self-medicate. A specialist should prescribe an antiallergic medication after examining the patient and identifying the allergen.

It has been proven that during pregnancy, a woman’s body produces increased levels of cortisol, which has antiallergic activity. Thus, pregnant women are less likely to suffer from symptoms, however, this is not always the case.

information IN everyday life Antihistamines come to the rescue in the fight against allergies. There are quite a lot of them and they are all freely available without a prescription through the pharmacy chain. And if at first glance an allergy seems simple illness having a simple treatment, this is far from the case.

With any disease, it is especially difficult for pregnant women, since very few drugs are allowed to be used during this period, most drugs are not safe. This also applies to antihistamines.

Allergies during pregnancy and antihistamines

There are several generations of drugs with antihistamine action. Each new generation is more perfect than the previous one: the number and strength of side effects decreases, the likelihood of addiction decreases, and the duration of action of the drug increases.

First generation appeared back in 1936 and is still widely used in medicine. These include (the most famous):

• Chloropyramine, or Suprastin. It is prescribed to pregnant women for the treatment of acute allergic conditions, although the annotation states that use during pregnancy is contraindicated. It can be used in and when likely benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk for the fetus;
• Clemastine, or Tavegil. Pregnant women can use it only for health reasons (when it is not possible to use another drug), this is due to the registration of cases of negative effects on the offspring of pregnant rats (heart defects, limb defects);
• Promethazine, or Pipolfen. Not recommended for use during pregnancy;
• Diphenhydramine. With extreme caution from the second trimester. May cause increased excitability of the uterus.

Second generation:

• Loratodine, or Claritin. Its use is permitted with an adequate risk-benefit assessment;
• Astemizole. Not recommended during pregnancy, because... has toxic effect to the fruit;
• Azelastine . In trials of the drug using doses many times higher than therapeutic doses, no teratogenic effect on the fetus was detected. Despite this, the drug is not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Third generation:

• Cetirizine, or Parlazine, or Zyrtec. Pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication. In studies of the drug Cetirizine on animals, no carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic effects on their offspring were registered. Yet concerns about its use remain the same;
• Fexofenadine, or Telfast. Can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.

As follows from the above, none of the antihistamines guarantees complete safety for your unborn child and peace of mind for you. You can take any drug only after consulting a doctor and under his strict supervision.

According to statistics, more than 20% of the world's population suffers from various allergic reactions. An ordinary person does not particularly pay attention to allergies unless they cause severe inconvenience or a threat to life. Everything is different when we're talking about about a pregnant woman. In this case, the question automatically arises: how do pregnant women tolerate allergies and how does it affect the child’s health in the future? Which antihistamines during pregnancy will not harm the health of the woman and her child?

Immunologists around the world talk about the danger of the simplest, at first glance, allergy, which kills people every day. human lives. It's all about the microorganisms living inside a person. Those at risk primarily include people with weakened immune systems: young children, people with chronic diseases and pregnant women.

Full medical examination and consultation is the main stage in the treatment of allergic diseases in pregnant women. To get rid of an allergy, it is necessary to find out the cause of its occurrence - the allergen, contact with which caused the reaction. In this case, it is very important to understand what causes an allergy, perhaps it is certain products food, animal hair or cosmetics. After the cause of the allergy has been established, the doctor will be able to prescribe treatment, taking into account the woman’s interesting situation.

Doctors prescribe only high-quality and proven drugs that will be safe for both mother and child. Self-medication is not best option during pregnancy, as many popular drugs are strictly contraindicated for pregnant women.

It is worth remembering that taking antiallergic drugs during pregnancy is allowed only under constant medical supervision in order to eliminate the risk of adverse effects on the child.

Preventive measures To avoid allergic reactions during pregnancy, it is very simple - avoid contact with possible allergens. The prevention scheme is as follows:

• Remove all flowering plants from the room and limit contact with pollen (do not smell the flowers).
• Constantly ventilate the room and put mosquito nets on the windows.
• Contact with household chemicals should be completely avoided. If there is an urgent need to use it, you should put gloves on your hands and put on a gauze bandage so as not to inhale chemical fumes.
• Have less contact with pets.
• Get rid of bad habits. Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious swelling of the nasopharynx.
• Try to avoid visiting beauty salons, dyeing your hair and doing nail extensions.
• Anxiety and stress can also trigger the development of allergies. Surround yourself with positive emotions.

Important! During pregnancy, it is necessary to regularly wet clean the room, because dust is the main carrier of allergens and contributes to the development of respiratory diseases.

Are antihistamines different in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

The first trimester is significant in the formation of the fetus. That is why taking antihistamines during pregnancy in the first trimester is contraindicated. The only exceptions can be those cases when the allergy poses a threat to the life and health of the mother.

The second trimester does not have serious restrictions, unlike the first. During this period of gestation, doctors prescribe anti-allergy drugs such as Zyrtec, Telfast, Loratadine, Levocetirizine. The second trimester is a surge in the sensitivity of the pregnant woman's body. It is during this period that severe allergic reactions can occur.

The third trimester is characterized by a decrease in allergic manifestations, due to dulling of receptor sensitivity. Women find it easier to tolerate all allergy symptoms. In the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, the following antihistamines are recommended: Parlazine, Cetirizine, Azelastine.

It is worth remembering that each organism is individual. Of course, there is a general gradation of antihistamines according to trimesters, but all medications are prescribed exclusively individually, taking into account all the complications and risk factors

There are three main groups of antihistamines. They all have the same principle of action and differ only in the characteristics of their effect on the body’s receptors. Histamine is a substance that provokes allergies, secreted by special receptors of three types. Antihistamines are drugs that reduce the sensitivity of receptors, suppressing allergic manifestations. This is a very complex adaptive procedure human body, so reception similar drugs during the gestation period should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. Among the antihistamines that can be used during pregnancy:

Used in the treatment of rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, itching. The daily dose of the drug for adults is 10 mg. You can take one 10 mg tablet before bed or 2 5 mg tablets twice with meals. The active ingredient is cetirizine, does not cause any severe side effects, and there is no sedation after administration.

• Parlazin

The active ingredient, like the first drug, is cetirizine. But there are also excipients such as glycerol, sodium saccharinate, sodium acetate, acetic acid. Indications for use include diseases such as rhinitis, infectious or allergic conjunctivitis, dermatosis, urticaria, edema of the fifth. Adults and pregnant women take 10 mg (1 tablet) once a day before bedtime.

• Zyrtec

The generic name of the drug is cytirizine (active ingredient). Additional substances in the composition: cellulose, lactose, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate. It is thanks to its additional composition that Zyrtec is recommended for pregnant women to take for allergies. The daily dose of the drug for an adult is 1 tablet (10 mg) or 10 drops.

• Telfast

The drug contains fexofenadine hydrochloride. The additional composition is almost identical to the drug Zyrtec. For adults daily dose is 1 tablet (120 mg), regardless of meals. It is very important to stick to the same time when consuming.

Prohibited Antihistamines during pregnancy

It is very difficult to answer the question: which antihistamines are prohibited during pregnancy, since they all have a certain number of contraindications. Some prohibited antihistamines during pregnancy include:

• Suprastin

This remedy can be prescribed only in cases of a serious threat to the life of the mother, with Quincke's edema or inflammatory rhinitis. It's all about active substance drug - chloropyriamine hydrochloride. This is an active substance that can cause involuntary contractions of the uterus, which leads to premature birth. On early stages pregnancy, taking Suprastin can cause miscarriage.

The main contraindication during pregnancy is the powerful sedative effect that occurs after administration. The drug affects the central nervous system of a pregnant woman, dulling not only receptors, but also all tactile sensations. If you use it once, nothing bad will happen, but if you take the medicine systematically, metabolic processes will be impaired, and the child will not be able to receive everything necessary for development nutrients.

At hypersensitivity components included in the drug may cause dizziness, vomiting, fainting. In pregnant women, nervousness increases, convulsions appear, sleep is disturbed, in rare cases a person experiences anaphylactic shock.

• Astemizole

This substance has a very wide range of interactions with food products and other medicines. That is why its use during pregnancy is extremely undesirable. The manufacturers themselves indicate pregnancy as a contraindication to the use of the drug.

Remember! The simplest allergy can cause serious health complications, especially in a pregnant woman. Treatment of allergic diseases is individual in nature, so you should not self-medicate; you must undergo a full medical examination, after which the doctor will be able to prescribe effective treatment.

The doctor will tell you how to deal with allergies during pregnancy in the video:

Causing swelling respiratory tract, tearing, rash and others allergic manifestations.

Preventing the occurrence of allergies in a pregnant woman is much easier than subsequently looking for ways to effectively combat this disease. The reason is simple - the majority medicines antihistamine properties are prohibited for use during the specified period. We will consider how to treat during pregnancy later in the article.

Causes of allergies in pregnant women

The most common causes of this disease in pregnant women:

• Hormonal changes in the body (during pregnancy, immunity naturally decreases).
• Individual sensitivity to certain allergens.

The appearance of an allergy for the latter reason is quite expected if a woman has had similar phenomenon and before conception. In most cases, allergies can occur on the following substances:

Awareness of the triggering factor of allergies in a pregnant woman is an important key to finding ways to combat this disease.

Symptoms of the disease

Manifestations of allergic reactions in an expectant mother can be completely different; the most common ones are listed below. typical symptoms:

• Nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nostrils.
• Need to sneeze.
• Runny nose.
• Increased secretion of tear fluid.
• Redness of the whites of the eyes.
• Swelling of the tissues surrounding the natural openings on the face (eyes, nostrils).
• and itchy skin.

In advanced cases, ordinary allergies can develop into bronchial asthma!

What antihistamines can expectant mothers take?

Any antihistamines can harm the health of the mother and fetus in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

The thoughtless use of medications in any trimester is fraught with negative consequences for the fetus and mother, the development of a severe allergic reaction.

The drugs, which will be discussed in detail below, are available in various dosage forms:

Absolutely all antihistamine drugs are not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy.

The following drugs are approved for use in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, in whole or in part:

1. Azelastine.

Available in the form eye drops, as well as metered-type nasal spray. Does not have a negative effect on the condition of the fetus even with an overdose (clinically proven).

2. Cetirizine.

Like most other antihistamines third generation, is not prohibited in the treatment of allergic manifestations in expectant mothers (with the exception of individual intolerance or other contraindications).

Testing on animals showed that Cetirizine did not have a carcinogenic or mutagenic effect on their offspring. The same applies to the teratogenic effect. You can use both tablets and drops orally.

3. Fexofenadine.

Indicated for use only as prescribed by a doctor. Available in tablets.

Taking medications in the last two trimesters should be agreed only with a qualified specialist: self-medication is unacceptable!

What medications should not be used at all or should be used with caution?

When treating allergies, you should remember that most of them are prohibited or not recommended during pregnancy for various reasons:

1. Diphenhydramine.

Can significantly increase the excitability of the uterus, which can lead to its contraction and premature birth at the end last trimester. The described mechanisms develop at a dose of Diphenhydramine over 50 g at a time.

Release forms: solution, tablets, suppositories, as well as pencils and gels for external use.

2. Terfenadine.

After childbirth, it leads to weight loss in the child.

Release forms: tablets and suspension, administered orally. Also in pharmacies there is syrup and crystalline powder of Terfenadine, which is used to prepare the solution. All forms of this medicine prevent newborns from gaining weight normally, leading to developmental delays.

3. Astemizole.

It has a strong toxic effect on the fetus. Available in tablets and suspension form.

4. Tavegil.

It is prescribed only when there is a threat to the life of the pregnant woman (i.e. for health reasons). The only recommendation for use is vital indications, if the use of another drug is not possible.

When tested on rats, it was revealed that these animals subsequently gave birth to offspring with heart defects, as well as abnormal development limbs. Release form: ointment, tablets.

5. Pipolfen.

Contraindicated both during pregnancy and lactation.

Dosage forms: dragees and solution in ampoules.

6. Erius.

Completely contraindicated throughout pregnancy. This applies to all dosage forms - tablets, syrup, and drops.

7. Betadrine.

Available in the form of eye drops, it is completely prohibited during pregnancy. Cause: Betadrine causes uterine contractions, increasing a woman's chance of spontaneous abortion.

Alternative remedies for allergies

If for some reason the use of antihistamines during pregnancy is not possible, then you should pay attention to the following means:

Doctors may also prescribe the following medications:

• Nicotinic acid.
• Unsaturated fatty acids. These include oleic and linoleic.
• Pantothenic acid.
• Zinc.

In conclusion, it should be said that before using any drug, it is necessary to consult a qualified specialist who will correctly calculate the required dosage that will not cause harm to the expectant mother and fetus.

Video on the topic

Advice for pregnant women from a doctor, including which vitamins to take:

According to medical statistics, in 55% of pregnant women, allergies manifest themselves in the form of a runny nose, cough and rashes on the skin. That is, standard symptoms that are inherent to any person. But if symptoms are detected in a pregnant woman, the attending physician is obliged to pay double attention to the patient and very carefully study the nature of the allergy.

In half of the cases, the allergy is similar to toxicosis - symptoms through certain time disappears on its own (this happens around 24-25 weeks of pregnancy), but you don’t need to count on it. Not everyone experiences such a harmless course of the disease.

In addition, pregnant women aggravate the situation by introducing a lot of seasonal and exotic fruits into their diet, trying to provide themselves and their baby with adequate nutrition. vitamin complex, and many expectant mothers, who before pregnancy normally tolerated contact with animals, begin to develop an allergy to wool.

And three more factors have a huge impact on the manifestation of allergies in pregnant women:

• weakened immune system;
• hormonal surge;
• increased protective reaction of the body.

In laboratory conditions, determining the cause of an allergic reaction in a pregnant woman can be quite difficult - the woman’s body begins to react negatively to literally everything. Therefore, many doctors are forced to make a presumptive diagnosis: pregnancy allergy.

To treat or not to treat?

This question should not arise a priori for pregnant women: an allergy is an abnormal state of the body, a disease that needs to be eliminated. You should not console yourself with the fact that an acquired allergy cannot have any negative effect on the fetus; the baby can be equally negatively affected by the weakening of the mother’s body, which independently fights allergens; antihistamines that the mother can use for allergies are also dangerous for the baby.

Will a pregnant woman be prescribed Zyrtec?

Most likely not. And not because it is such a dangerous medicine that can destroy the health of the unborn child. Zyrtec is a common antihistamine that does not stand out very much from a number of similar medications.

It will not be prescribed to you in the first trimester due to the undesirability of blocking histamines in the mother's body. In the early stages of pregnancy, these substances are “responsible” for the reliability of attachment of the fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus and the development of the embryo.

For more later Zyrtec is also not prescribed, but for a different reason: the drug has not passed controlled trials. clinical trials for safety of use by pregnant women. Although studies of Zyrtec on pregnant animals did not show changes or complications in the course of pregnancy, they did not reveal a negative effect of the drug on the fetus, such results do not satisfy doctors, and while there are no adequate results of the effect of the active substance of the drug on the human fetus, Zyrtec is not prescribed to pregnant women practice.

Composition, action, pharmacokinetics of the drug

Active substance – cetrizine.

Excipients in Zyrtec tablets:

• cellulose;
• lactose;
• silicon dioxide;
• titanium dioxide;
• magnesium stearate;
• macrogoal

Excipients in Zyrtec drops:

• propylene glycol;
• glycerol;
• sodium saccharinate;
• glacial acetic acid;
• methylparabenzene;
• propylparabenzene;
• distilled water.

The active substance relieves spasm of smooth muscles, prevents the development of swelling and inflammation, eliminates itching, improves general condition body.

It begins to act 20-60 minutes after entering the body, duration therapeutic effect– about 24 hours, metabolized in the liver, excreted by the kidneys in virtually unchanged form.

Side effects

It should be noted that in case of an overdose or the body’s sensitivity to the components of the drug (and in pregnant women the body becomes extremely sensitive - and this is another reason not to take Zyrtec), the list of side effects of the drug becomes very impressive:

• tachycardia;
• irritability and even aggression;
• convulsions, fainting, fever;
• blurred vision;
• diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain;
• urinary disturbance.

Zyrtec by trimester

1st trimester

The use of the drug is prohibited. Antihistamine action undesirable during the formation of the embryo.

2nd trimester

The drug is not used due to insufficient knowledge of its effects on the fetus.

spuzom.com

• Types of allergies in pregnant women
• Antihistamines
• Main representatives

Types of allergies in pregnant women

A hypersensitivity reaction may occur for the first time during pregnancy, which is associated with a change in work immune system during this period. If a woman previously had allergic diseases, then they may change in severity while bearing a child.

The main types of allergic manifestations in pregnant women:

• rhinitis is the most common option, not necessarily seasonal, usually occurring from the 2nd trimester;
• conjunctivitis, rarely found in isolated form, usually combined with rhinitis;
• local (contact) itchy dermatitis or eczema;
• urticaria, in severe cases Quincke's edema;
• symptoms of bronchial asthma, the risk of exacerbation of which is higher at the end of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy;
• anaphylactic shock.

Allergies in the mother can cause hypoxia in the fetus. The reasons for this are spasm of placental vessels when using certain drugs, respiratory failure with swelling of the nasal mucosa or lung tissue. Therefore the doctor prescribes necessary treatment, including antihistamines during pregnancy.

Antihistamines

Currently, there are 3 generations of antihistamines. Their operating principles are the same, but the differences lie in the accuracy and selectivity of the attachment of drug molecules to receptor sites in the body.

Histamine is responsible for immediate allergy symptoms. It is released from special mast cells and attaches to 3 types of special receptors. They are located in different places and are designated Latin letter H. H1 receptors are the most common, they are found in almost all tissues, H2 are found in the stomach, and H3 are found in the nervous system.

Antihistamines occupy free receptors and block them for a certain time. As a result, there are few points of application for the released histamine, which leads to a decrease in the severity of allergic reactions. Increasing the selectivity of drug attachment minimizes side effects during its use.

Main representatives

There are different types of antihistamines chemical structure depending on the class (generation) of drugs.

1st generation antihistamines have a powerful and quick effect, low selectivity and additional anticholinergic effects. This group includes Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Pipolfen, Diazolin and Tavegil. The main side effect is sedation.

Representatives of the 2nd generation are Claritin, Astemizole, Fenistil. They do not have an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, since they do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier and do not block H3 receptors. But the result of treatment can be expected only after several weeks of regular use.

Modern 3rd generation drugs are also intended for long-term therapy allergic diseases. They do not have the cardiotoxic effect, which is inherent in some representatives of the 2nd generation of antihistamines, and are well tolerated. The most commonly used are Cetirizine (Zyrtec, Cetrin), Erius, Telfast.

During pregnancy, there may be a need for both rapid relief of an acute allergic reaction and long-term treatment diseases. But given the side effects and the possibility of drugs influencing the fetus, it is important to use not only effective, but also sufficient safe means. Therefore, not all antihistamines can be used by women in an “interesting” position.

How to treat allergies in pregnant women

Even approved antihistamines should not be taken on your own initiative and uncontrolled. A mandatory consultation with an allergist is required, who will select necessary treatment. Pregnant women with an acute severe reaction are hospitalized. They are prescribed intensive complex therapy to quickly relieve the dangerous condition that has arisen.

When a hypersensitivity reaction occurs in the first trimester, antihistamines are not advisable. After all, at this stage there is a very high risk of developing pregnancy complications and the influence of drugs on the formation of organs in the child. For example, Astemizole and Tavegil have embryotoxic effects. Diphenhydramine and Betadrine can cause uterine contractions and lead to spontaneous abortion. At the same time, if the mother’s life is threatened or if therapy is ineffective early toxicosis the doctor may decide to prescribe some 1st generation drugs.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, antihistamines can be taken on the recommendation of an allergist, if potential benefit from such treatment exceeds the potential risks. The most commonly used are Cetirizine, Loratadine (Claritin), Fexadine (Telfast). For the treatment of acute allergic reactions, Suprastin is used under strict medical supervision.

Before giving birth, it is advisable to discontinue antihistamines so as not to cause sedation in the newborn and not to suppress his work. respiratory center.

So, if necessary, it is possible to use some antihistamines during pregnancy, but only under the strict supervision of a doctor.

allergolife.ru

Antihistamines during pregnancy. Pregnancy and allergies

And although huge changes occur in a woman’s body with the onset of gestation, expectant mother does not always receive an unpleasant gift in the form of an allergy. If there is a predisposition to this disease With the onset of the waiting period for the toddler, several scenarios are possible:

• A new life - a toddler in the mother's womb - does not affect the course of allergies in any way. If a woman knows that certain products of the surrounding world (cosmetics, household chemicals, some foods, etc.) cause an atypical reaction in her, then she just needs to avoid contact with them.


• During pregnancy, the intensity of allergic manifestations decreases. In some cases, an increase in the level of the hormone cortisol leads to the fact that the allergy “recedes.”
• Carrying a baby is accompanied by increased allergies. Increased load, which the body of a pregnant woman experiences, in some cases leads to an intensification and exacerbation of diseases that were present even before the birth of a new life in the woman’s womb. Similar ailments include, for example, bronchial asthma.

Triggering an allergic reaction

Why is it that in some cases atopy does not keep itself waiting, while other pregnant women do not even know what an allergy is? What triggers an allergic reaction?

• The appearance of an allergen. An allergic reaction to something occurs as a result of contact with a provoking component. The latter can be pollen, animal hair or insect venom, or a cosmetic or food product. Interaction with the provoking allergen triggers a reaction, which results in an allergic response.
• Repeated “meeting” with an allergen. It is no secret that acute atypical reactions (anaphylactic shock, angioedema) occur almost immediately and after the first contact with the allergen. As for other manifestations of atopy, there is an accumulation effect when, after repeated encounters with an irritant, the production of antibodies begins and a response is formed.


• Effect of antibodies on mast cells. As a result of the interaction of antibodies and mast cells, their contents are released from the latter, incl. histamine. It is he who is responsible for the appearance of rash, lacrimation, swelling, hyperemia and other “companions” of allergies.

Manifestations of allergies during pregnancy

Depending on the reasons that caused the allergic reaction, the following manifestations of atopy are possible:

• Rhinitis. Allergic runny nose is the most common and widespread manifestation of allergies in expectant mothers. It is not seasonal and can occur from the first weeks of pregnancy. In this case, congestion appears in the area of ​​the nasal passages, swelling of the nasal mucosa, there is a discharge of watery mucous secretion, and a burning sensation in the larynx may occur.
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye - conjunctivitis. This manifestation of allergy in most cases is combined with a runny nose. Swelling, hyperemia (redness), itching in the eyes and eyelids, and lacrimation are observed.
• Urticaria is a blistering rash on the skin accompanied by severe itching.
• Symptoms of bronchial asthma.
• In more severe cases - anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, which can lead to suffocation, extensive urticaria.

Manifestations of allergies can not only cause discomfort to a pregnant woman, but also pose a threat to the child in her womb, since there is a risk of oxygen starvation. Taking antihistamines during pregnancy is aimed at alleviating the manifestations of atopy, reducing the discomfort they cause to a pregnant woman, and normalizing her condition in general.

Therapy for allergies

To effectively combat allergies and their manifestations it is necessary integrated approach. It should include not only taking medications (if necessary), but also measures to prevent relapse of the disease. The latter include dietary correction, if atopy is caused by food, minimizing, or better yet completely eliminating, contacts with allergens - dust, animal hair, pollen, chemicals, cosmetic products. Largest quantity Women have questions and concerns about taking antihistamines during pregnancy. Therefore, to eliminate atopy, you should combine medications with traditional methods of alleviating allergic reactions.

Antihistamines during pregnancy

When allergies occur in pregnant women drug therapy is prescribed especially carefully. The doctor assesses the severity of intoxication and determines the need for drug correction, because it is important not only to alleviate the condition of the expectant mother, but also not to harm the baby in her womb. What antihistamines can be used during pregnancy, and what therapy should you categorically refuse, even without regard to the waiting period for the baby?

Types of antihistamines

The development of antiallergic drugs has been going on for many years, and with each new generation of drugs, pharmacologists strive to increasingly reduce the level of toxicity of drugs, as well as ensure their selective effect active ingredients. What antihistamines can be used by women during pregnancy? There are 3 generations of antihistamines:

• 1st generation. Medicines in this group have the most extensive effect, therefore they not only block histamine receptors, but also affect the functioning of other body systems. Many of them have a sedative effect - they cause a feeling of drowsiness and reduce reaction. Side effects include dry mucous membranes, and there is a risk of developing heart defects in the child. Medicines in this group are Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Pipolfen (Diprazine), Tavegil, Diazolin, Zyrtec, Allergodil.
• 2nd generation. Medicines in this group, like their predecessors, are also not particularly popular, since they have a cardiotoxic effect to varying degrees. The difference is the absence of an inhibitory effect on the woman’s nervous system. Among the drugs in this group are Claritin, Fenistil, Astemizole.
• 3rd generation. This category of drugs includes the most modern means, which have neither a sedative nor a cardiotoxic effect. However, even these drugs cannot be guaranteed to be safe for a pregnant woman and her baby. Medicines in this group include Desloratadine (Telfast, Edem, Erius), Fexadine.

The work of antiallergic medications is aimed in two main directions - neutralizing histamine and reducing its production.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 1st trimester

As you know, the first weeks of bearing a baby are especially important, since it is during this period that the formation of the future person occurs. That is why even the most seemingly small interventions can have negative consequences. Relief of allergic manifestations during this period occurs without the participation of pharmacological products. The exception is extremely severe cases that threaten the life of a woman or her baby. Therapy is strictly prescribed by a doctor and carried out under medical supervision.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 2nd trimester

Having stepped into the second trimester, thanks to the formed placental barrier, the baby becomes more protected from external influences, including from the influence of the drugs that his mother is forced to take. However, most antihistamines that can alleviate allergic manifestations, including during pregnancy, penetrate into the skin to a greater or lesser extent. systemic blood flow. During this period, drug correction of the condition is allowed, but carefully and strictly according to indications.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 3rd trimester

Despite the proximity of the baby's birth, the danger to the baby from the components of antiallergic medications still exists. If a woman’s condition requires intervention, the doctor can prescribe the most gentle medications taking into account the woman’s situation. Before giving birth, taking antiallergic medications should be stopped, as their effect can suppress the baby’s respiratory center.

What antihistamines are allowed during pregnancy?

The intervention of antiallergic drugs during the first weeks of gestation is highly undesirable. But already in the second and third trimesters, depending on clinical manifestations the doctor can prescribe medicinal correction allergic manifestations.

• Suprastin. Not recommended for use in the first and third trimesters.
• Zyrtec. The drug may become a doctor's choice, since animal studies have not shown negative effects as a result of using the drug. Pregnant women did not participate in the studies.
• Cromolyn sodium will alleviate the condition bronchial asthma. The drug is not recommended for use during the first 12 weeks of gestation.
• Eden (erius), Caritin and Telfast. Not proven negative impact components of these medications on the health of the mother and her child, no studies have been conducted. Drugs can be prescribed strictly for health reasons.
• Diazolin. It is acceptable to use the medication in the third trimester.

Some vitamins will also help reduce some manifestations of atopy:

• Vitamin B5 ( pantothenic acid). Helps cope with allergic rhinitis.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Reduces susceptibility female body to respiratory manifestations of allergies.
• Vitamin PP (nicotinamide). Reduces the manifestations of atypical reactions of the body to plant pollen.

One should also take into account the fact that antiallergic drugs themselves can provoke atopy.

Antihistamines prohibited for use by pregnant women

Row medications antiallergic effect is strictly prohibited for use by pregnant women, regardless of the stage of pregnancy.

• Tavegil. The medicine is strictly contraindicated, since experimental testing on animals has shown the development of pathologies.
• Diphenhydramine. The medication is prohibited even in the late stages of expecting a toddler, as it can increase uterine tone. As a result, pregnancy may end earlier than expected.
• Astemizole. The drug is contraindicated for use as it has a toxic effect on the fetus (studies were conducted on animals).
• Pipolfen. The drug is prohibited for use during the entire period of pregnancy.
• Terfenadine. As a result of taking this tool The baby may be behind in weight.
• Fexadine. Use by pregnant women is prohibited.

Prevention of allergies during pregnancy

A few simple rules will help prevent the appearance of atopy:

• Eliminate stress, try to devote enough time to walks, rest and relaxation.
• If you have not yet acquired a pet, put this question off until the baby is born. If you already have a pet, it is better to give it to relatives or friends for a while.
• Follow a hypoallergenic diet. Watch what you eat and do not go overboard with allergenic foods (milk, honey, chocolate, citrus fruits, brightly colored fruits and vegetables (for example, strawberries, beets, eggs).
• Carry out regular wet cleaning and change of bed linen.
• It is advisable to go out during the flowering period of “allergic” plants; be careful with your indoor garden.

Subject to availability skin manifestations allergies good help provide various mash, ointments and decoctions prepared from the gifts of nature. Chamomile, calendula, celandine, nettle, string, and clay have proven themselves well.

Unfortunately, if preventive and traditional methods do not bring long-awaited relief, taking antihistamines during pregnancy cannot be avoided. A consultation with a doctor and a competent risk assessment will allow you to choose the optimal therapy.

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First of all, every expectant mother should know what an allergic reaction is in order to recognize it in time and take the necessary adequate measures.

So, an allergy is usually called an atypical immune response, that is, an atypical reaction of the immune system of any person, to any substances that have always been considered familiar and harmless, but now cause a painful reaction in the body.

Attention! Allergies can be caused by almost anything: any food, cooked food, furniture, many fabrics, any substances chemical origin, animals, plants, books, house dust, latex...

Attention! Since numerous events occur in the pregnant woman’s body hormonal changes, then the usual immune response to an allergic irritant in a pregnant woman may change, both in one direction and in the other.

It is very important for a pregnant woman to remember that allergic reactions can occur completely different organs and body systems.

A very common and most common allergic reaction is a respiratory allergic reaction, when organs are affected and damaged. respiratory system, especially light and nasal cavity(a cough and runny nose of varying intensity appears, the so-called allergic rhinitis).

Attention! Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed in 20-25% of the population of all countries of the world, while there remains a steady upward trend in this disease (over the past 25 years, the number of patients has approximately tripled).

You can often encounter a so-called allergic skin reaction when you suffer skin- fullness, redness, peeling of the skin, itching and other symptoms appear.

Another common type of allergy is ophthalmic allergy, which is triggered by contact of any allergen substance with the eyes.

Attention! To successfully combat allergic reactions, it is necessary to first identify the allergen and/or allergens in order to reduce or eliminate contact with the substance. It is especially important to identify the allergenic substance for pregnant women in order to eliminate unwanted contacts as early as possible.

Researchers and doctors believe that the increase in allergic diseases, including among expectant mothers, observed in recent decades, is caused by general deterioration ecology, intensive development of all types industrial production and environmental pollution, more frequent cases acute stress and chronic stressful conditions, increased uncontrolled use of medications, almost universal use of chemicals for cleaning and disinfection, an increase in the number of synthetic products, abuse of cosmetics.

Medicines for the treatment of allergic reactions in pregnant women

Attention! Every pregnant woman should remember that any manifestation of an allergic reaction is very serious symptom, because allergies are a serious disease that can cause headaches, insomnia, stress and other extremely negative symptoms.

If any allergy symptoms appear, even if they seem minor, a pregnant woman should immediately notify her doctor and/or consult an allergist. Such treatment cannot be delayed, since it is unknown what toxic reactions can negatively affect the fetus and its development.

Attention! There is evidence that the body of a pregnant woman produces elevated levels hormones, including the hormone cortisol, which is distinguished by its antiallergic activity, that is, it helps the expectant mother’s body resist any manifestations of allergies.

However, in some cases, cortisol turns out to be powerless - either too much of the allergen substance enters the body, or this allergen is still unfamiliar to the body, so the answer is not found. In addition, it is important to understand that normalization of cortisol is inevitable in postpartum period, which will cause the resumption of all allergic manifestations.

Interesting! Clinicians note that in the last four weeks before the start birth process For all expectant mothers, any allergic diseases practically disappear and their condition improves significantly.

In a word, pregnant women also from time to time have to resort to the help of antihistamines that can fight allergies.

Attention ! Almost all antihistamines are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, that is, they belong to the category of over-the-counter drugs. However, such over-the-counter dispensing should not become a reason for uncontrolled use, since many, including over-the-counter, drugs are STRICTLY prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Only some antihistamines are allowed for use during pregnancy, with many reservations and only with the permission of a doctor, if in this case there is no other option that does not involve the use of drugs.

Today, several generations of antihistamine (antiallergic) drugs are known, and all of them should be used with extreme caution or even not used at all, and this does not depend on the generation of the drug. Most often, the differences between generations of antihistamines are in the reduction and weakening of side effects, in increasing the duration of the effective effect on the body of one dose of the drug, in reducing the possibility of getting used to taking it and becoming drug dependent.

As is known, first-generation antihistamines began to be used back in 1936, but some of them are still used today, and their administration to pregnant and/or lactating women is also possible.

Suprastin (Chloropyramine) - can be prescribed to a pregnant woman with an acute allergic condition, but the annotation (instructions) for the drug denies this possibility. However, it is believed that in some cases the benefit that expectant mother may result from taking this drug, exceeds the possible risks to the fetus. Thus, in the second and third trimester, Suprastin can be prescribed for a pregnant woman if the doctor finds it appropriate.

Tavegil (Clemastine) - used for pregnant women only for health reasons, but at any opportunity this drug should be replaced with a safer one. The fact is that studies on laboratory rats revealed birth defects development of offspring, including heart defects, as well as the possibility of the appearance of defective limbs. Therefore, at the slightest opportunity, it is necessary to replace this drug with another for a pregnant woman.

Pipolfen (Promethazine) — use during pregnancy (at any stage) is strictly not recommended.

Diphenhydramine - use is allowed from the second trimester, but following special caution, since the drug can provoke increased excitability of the uterus, which can lead to spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) or premature birth.

Second generation antihistamines

Claritin (Loratodine) - this drug can be prescribed during pregnancy if the benefits of its use for the mother exceed the risks possible for the fetus.

Astemizole - is strictly not recommended for use at any stage of pregnancy, since its effect on the fetus is very toxic.

Azelastine - This drug is considered safe for use by pregnant women because during clinical trials it has been proven that there is no teratogenic effect on the growing and developing fetus. However, the use of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy is not recommended, since it is during this period that all organs and systems of the fetus are formed.

Third generation of antihistamines

Cetirizine (Parlazine, Zyrtec) — during pregnancy is not contraindicated, since all studies on rats and other animals had positive results: no teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effects were recorded. However, this does not mean that there are no concerns when using these drugs.

Telfast (Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine, Desloratadine) — Pregnant women can use these drugs only as prescribed by their attending physician

Attention! All and any (without exception) antihistamines, to a greater or lesser extent, may pose a danger to the healthy development of the fetus. Any antihistamine during pregnancy can only be taken under medical supervision. Any self-appointments in this case are categorically prohibited! During the first trimester of pregnancy, taking antihistamines is strictly not recommended. During the II and III trimesters, taking antihistamines is possible only as prescribed by a doctor and only when the expected benefit outweighs the potential harm.

As you know, many foods can cause an allergic reaction. Hypoallergenic diet For pregnant women, he suggests excluding any foods that could become a source of an allergic reaction while pregnant.

So, it is known that the following products can be the source of an allergic reaction: eggs (especially chicken), milk (especially fresh) and cheese, honey and bee products, all seafood, including crabs, shrimp, crayfish, oysters, fish and caviar, including including black and red, soy in any form, strawberries and raspberries, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, any canned food, ready-made packaged juices, spicy, salty, fatty and fried foods, smoked foods.

Any porridge from any cereal is safe for expectant mothers, low-fat varieties meat, poultry (meat dishes are best cooked boiled), fresh vegetables and fruits with a dull color, as well as dishes made from them (including potatoes, any cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, yellow and green apples, pears).

In addition to following a diet, it is necessary to observe other precautions that will allow you to resist allergic manifestations:

• It is very important that a pregnant woman avoids in every possible way not only active, but also passive smoking, since aggressive substances can cause developing fetus irreparable harm.
• The room where the expectant mother is located must be constantly ventilated.
• Wet cleaning is necessary daily.
• Upholstered furniture and carpets should be vacuumed at least once a week.

Attention! Taking special vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women, which can only be prescribed by your doctor, will help you avoid allergies or significantly reduce their symptoms.

List of antihistamines that are PROHIBITED during pregnancy

Attention! Any antihistamines are strictly contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, when all the organs and systems of the fetus are developing.

In the second and third trimester, some antihistamines can be taken, but only as indicated and only as prescribed by a doctor. However, there are antiallergenic drugs, the use of which is strictly prohibited at any stage of pregnancy:

Diphenhydramine - can affect the contractility of the uterus, therefore it is certainly prohibited throughout the entire gestation period.

Betadrine

Pipolfen - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational stage of bearing a baby.

Tavegil — a complete and absolute contraindication at any gestational stage of pregnancy, since taking this drug can cause fetal malformations.

Claritin - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational stage of bearing a baby. Can be prescribed only for health reasons if adequate replacement is not possible.

Ketotifen - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any stage of gestational pregnancy, since there is no accurate data on the effects of this medicine for the fruit.

Astemizole - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational stage of bearing a baby, since the teratogenic effect of this drug has been proven, that is, there is a possibility of developing intrauterine defects and deformities.

Attention ! Any other antihistamines should be used during pregnancy with extreme caution and only as prescribed by a doctor, and in no case exceeding the prescribed dosage.

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Allowed drugs during pregnancy: what medications can you take?

A huge number of people face allergies. Men and women of any age are affected, allergic reactions Children are highly susceptible. Therefore, research in this area and the development of new drugs is very active.

Vitamin preparations for allergies

Do not forget that not only antihistamines, but also some vitamins can help in the fight against allergy symptoms. And pregnant women usually have a more trusting attitude towards them.

• vitamin C can effectively prevent anaphylactic reactions and reduce the incidence of respiratory allergies;
• vitamin B12 is recognized as a powerful natural antihistamine, helps in the treatment of dermatoses and asthma;
• pantothenic acid (vit. B5) will help in the fight against seasonal allergic rhinitis and reactions to household dust;
• Nicotinamide (Vit. PP) relieves attacks spring allergies to plant pollen.

Traditional antihistamines: allergy tablets

Newly emerging drugs are effective and do not cause drowsiness. However, many doctors try to prescribe more traditional remedies to pregnant women.

For drugs that have been on the market for 15-20 years or more, enough statistical data has been collected to talk about their safety or negative impact on fetal health.

Suprastin

The drug has been known for a long time, is effective for various manifestations of allergies, is approved for both adults and children, and therefore is also approved for use during pregnancy.

In the first trimester, when the fetal organs are forming, this and other drugs should be taken with extreme caution, only if absolutely necessary. During the rest of the period, suprastin is allowed.

Advantages of the drug:

• low price;
• performance;
• efficiency at different types allergies.

Flaws:

• causes drowsiness (for this reason it is prescribed with caution in last weeks before birth);
• causes dry mouth (sometimes dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyes).

Diazolin

This drug does not have the same speed of action as suprastin, but it effectively relieves the manifestation of chronic allergic reactions.

It does not cause drowsiness, so there are restrictions on use only in the first 2 months of pregnancy; during the rest of the period the medicine is allowed for use.

Advantages of the drug:

• affordable price;
• wide range actions.

Flaws:

• short-term effect (requires taking 3 times a day).

Cetirizine

Refers to new generation drugs. It can be produced under different names: Cetirizine, Zodak, Allertek, Zirtec, etc. According to the instructions, cetirizine is prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation.

Due to the novelty of the drug, there is not enough data on its safety. But, nevertheless, it is prescribed to pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester in situations where the benefits of taking it significantly outweigh the risk of side effects.

Advantages of the drug:

• wide spectrum of action;
• performance;
• does not cause drowsiness (except for individual reactions);
• dose 1 time per day

Flaws:

• price (depending on the manufacturer);

Claritin

The active ingredient is loratadine. The drug can be produced under different names: Loratadine, Claritin, Clarotadine, Lomilan, Lotharen, etc.

The same as cetirizine, the effect of loratadine on the fetus has not yet been sufficiently studied due to the novelty of the drug.

But studies conducted in America on animals showed that the use of loratadine or cetirizine does not increase the number of fetal development pathologies.

Advantages of the drug:

• wide spectrum of action;
• performance;
• does not cause drowsiness;
• dose 1 time per day;
• affordable price.

Flaws:

• Use with caution during pregnancy.

Fexadine

Refers to new generation drugs. Produced in different countries under different names: Fexadin, Telfast, Fexofast, Allegra, Telfadin. You can also find a Russian analogue - Gifast.

In studies on pregnant animals, fexadine showed side effects when long-term use V large doses(increased mortality due to low fetal weight).

However, when prescribed to pregnant women, no such dependence was identified.

Advantages of the drug:

• wide spectrum of action
• performance
• reception 1 time per day.

Flaws:

• prescribed with caution during pregnancy;
• effectiveness decreases with long-term use.

The drug in capsule form is currently not available on Russian market. Pharmacies have drops for oral administration and gels for external use.

The drug is approved for use in infants, and therefore is often prescribed to pregnant women.

Gel for local treatment can be used without fear, it is practically not absorbed and does not enter the bloodstream. Fenistil is part of antiherpetic emulsions.

Advantages of the drug:

• safe even for infants;
• average price range.

Flaws:

• not very wide spectrum of action;
• limited release forms;
• Possible adverse reactions.

These drugs vary in price and form of release (tablets for daily use, injectable drugs for emergency use, gels and ointments for local application, drops and syrups for children)

Drug name	Release form, dosage	Volume/quantity	Price, rub.
Suprastin	Tablets 25 mg	20 pcs	150
	Solution for injection	5 ampoules of 1 ml	150
Diazolin	Dragee 50/100 mg	10 pcs	40/90
Cetirizine	Cetirizine Hexal tab. 10 mg	10 pcs	70
	Cetirizine Hexal drops	20 ml	250
	Zyrtec tab. 10 mg	7 pcs	220
	Zyrtec drops	10 ml	330
	Zodak tab. 10 mg	30 pcs	260
	Zodak drops	20 ml	210
Claritin	Loratadine tab. 10 mg	10 pcs	110
	Claritin tab. 10 mg	10 pcs/30 pcs	220/570
	Claritin syrup	60ml/120 ml	250/350
	Clarotadine tablet 10 mg	10pcs/30 pcs	120/330
	Clarotadine syrup	100 ml	140
Fexadine	Fexadin tablet 120 mg	10 pcs	230
	Fexadin tab. 180 mg	10 pcs	350
	Telfast tab. 120 mg	10 pcs	445
	Telfast tab. 180 mg	10 pcs	630
	Fexofast tab. 180 mg	10 pcs	250
	Allegra tab. 120 mg	10 pcs	520
	Allegra tab. 180 mg	10 pcs	950
	Drops	20 ml	350
	Gel (external)	30g/50g	350/450
	Emulsion (external)	8 ml	360

Antihistamines with side effects on the fetus

Previously used antihistamines had a significant sedative effect, some also have a muscle relaxant effect. In some cases, it has been useful in treating allergies and even relieved nausea, but the effect on the fetus can be extremely negative.

It will be difficult for a lethargic and “sleepy” child to take his first breath, this threatens aspiration, possible pneumonia in the future.

The intrauterine influence of these drugs can manifest itself as fetal malnutrition, which will also affect the activity of the newborn baby.

• Diphenhydramine

may increase uterine tone and cause contractions ahead of schedule

• Tavegil

has a negative effect on fetal development

• Pipolfen

• Astemizole (Gistalong)

affects liver function, heart rate, has a toxic effect on the fetus

To avoid harmful effects on the fetus, antihistamines are not recommended for pregnant women during the first trimester. During this crucial period, when all the organs of the unborn child are being formed, the placenta has not yet formed and substances entering the mother’s blood can affect the health of the fetus.

During this period, medications are used only if the mother’s life is threatened. In the second and third trimester, the risk is lower, so the list of acceptable drugs can be expanded.

Nasal drops for pregnant women Sorbent what is it