Treatment of acute cystitis in women. Acute cystitis: features and treatment options Antibiotics or surgery

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Cystitis is one of the most common inflammatory pathologies affecting the functioning of the mucous membrane Bladder. More often discomfort occur in women.

Features of the course of acute cystitis

Acute cystitis in the vast majority of cases, it is of an infectious nature, therefore, the cause of inflammation is microorganisms that penetrate the bladder through the urethra. Treatment in women is aimed primarily at eliminating opportunistic pathogens of inflammation and the consequences of their vital activity, since in some cases the disease is accompanied by unpleasant complications.

The activation of inflammation-provoking microorganisms occurs under the action of one of the following factors:

mechanical injury to organs genitourinary system, creating favorable environment for the development of infection;
hypothermia;
reduced immunity;
prolonged wearing of tight underwear.

To properly treat acute cystitis in women, it is important to complex diagnostics, during which a specific pathogen will be identified. The following options are possible.

Escherichia coli.
Staphylococcus saprophytic.
Various mushrooms.
Trichomonas.
Mycoplasma.
Viruses.
Chlamydia.

Treatment of cystitis in women is carried out based on which form of the disease is diagnosed in a particular case, since in addition to the acute course of inflammation, a recurrent variant can be observed, that is chronic form pathology.

If an exacerbation of cystitis occurs or the disease occurs primarily, the following symptoms appear:

a sudden deterioration in the condition a couple of hours after exposure to a provoking factor;
frequent urges to urination, which is accompanied by severe cutting pain, especially at the end of the process;
soreness of the bladder itself;
appearance spotting in the last portion of urine;
the occurrence of purulent contents in the urine;
feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen;
urine acquires a cloudy color (due to the presence in it of exfoliated epithelium of the irritated mucosa, leukocytes, erythrocytes and the bacteria themselves).

When making a diagnosis of acute cystitis, it is important to select drugs as soon as possible that will provide effective treatment and restoration of women's health. The aggravation of the process can provoke the following complications:

increased pain that does not go away even after emptying the bladder;
almost constant feeling of fullness of the bladder;
the impossibility of touching the abdomen in the area of inflammation;
false urinary incontinence with urination before going to the toilet (as a rule, such complications are typical for adolescents);
the development of pyelonephritis, one of the first signs of which is an increase in temperature. With this variant of the course of the disease, it is necessary to additionally treat inflamed kidneys.

How is the choice of therapy made?

It is desirable to treat acute cystitis under the supervision of a specialist who will conduct a comprehensive preliminary diagnosis in order to eliminate possible misunderstandings with the diagnosis. The necessary preparations are selected based on the results of macro- and microscopic examination urine, bacteriological analysis, cystoscopy. Also, the treatment of cystitis in women is based on the results of an ultrasound examination of the bladder, kidneys, organs of the reproductive system, and DNA diagnostics, the purpose of which is to identify infections present in the body.

Define possible complications and it is possible to correct the treatment according to the results of a blood test (increased leukocytosis has a value) and a urine test (the doctor assesses the presence of protein, increased amount epithelial cells).

Considering that acute cystitis in women can occur against the background of inflammatory process in the genitals (not only urine is taken for research, but also the microflora of the vagina), you may have to additionally treat inflammation of the appendages or other organs of the reproductive system.

Therapy for acute cystitis

Effective treatment of cystitis during an exacerbation implies mandatory compliance bed rest, change habitual diet and, of course, reception medicines. The main drugs are antibiotics and drugs that promote general strengthening organism.

Antibacterial treatment

To effectively eliminate acute cystitis, apply various groups antibiotics.

Fluoroquinolones. These include drugs such as Avelox, Tsiprobay, Tavanic. good effect give Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Pefloxacin, if their simultaneous administration with antispasmodics that help relax smooth muscles is provided.
Cephalosporins are the drugs Klafaran and Rocephin.
Fosfomycin-based Monural. Its purpose is to treat directly the bladder with the development of cystitis. One can immediately note a significant advantage this drug: Most microbes are not resistant to antibiotics.

Antibiotics are prescribed in a course to exclude possible complications. As a rule, when choosing drugs and the duration of their administration, doctors proceed from the preservation clinical symptoms. To consolidate the result, it is important to continue treatment for at least three days from the moment the condition is relieved. After the specified period, a control urine test is performed. In most cases, an exacerbation of cystitis should be treated for a maximum of a week.

Drinking regime

To enhance the therapeutic effect in the treatment of cystitis in women, in addition to antibiotics, special diuretic drugs may be prescribed. It is also important to keep up drinking regime. With cystitis, it is necessary to do a kind of "washing" of the bladder, providing a minimum daily allowance drinking liquid in an amount of at least two liters. It can be not only ordinary drinking water, but also effectively relieving inflammation and removing the infection, fruit drinks from cranberries or lingonberries.

It is desirable to treat acute cystitis with a complete rejection of carbonated drinks, coffee, black tea and alcohol, which contribute to increased bladder irritation and aggravation of the condition, adding sensation to the unpleasant symptoms. severe burning sensation. Helps reduce pain soda solution, which you can do yourself by dissolving in half a glass of warm boiled water a teaspoon of soda. You need to take this medicine every hour. As a result, the acidity of urine decreases, which the drugs indicated for cystitis cannot provide.

Thermal treatments

Effective treatment of acute cystitis in women helps not only medical preparations but also the effects of heat. Procedures can be carried out using plastic bottle or a heating pad filled with warm water. A container with a warming liquid is placed on the lower abdomen or placed between the legs.

Thermal treatment can also be carried out by means of sitz baths with infusion of chamomile, St. John's wort or oak bark. Herbs are taken in the amount of two tablespoons and pour half a liter of boiling water. After 20 minutes of infusion in a water bath, the broth is poured into a basin with warm water (the final temperature should not exceed 37.5 degrees) and warmed up.

Therapeutic diet

In addition to all the above measures, it is necessary to treat inflammation in acute cystitis with a diet based on dairy and plant food. For the period of treatment, spices, spicy and salty dishes, canned food, marinades are completely excluded from the diet. In the daily menu, in addition to dairy and fermented milk products, must be present fresh vegetables and fruits, which will ensure the intake of essential vitamins. With such a sparing diet, the drugs will act as efficiently as possible.

If cystitis proceeds without development serious complications, compliance with all the described therapeutic measures helps to maximize short time eliminate inflammation and normalize the condition. The most dangerous course of the disease occurs if there is gangrenous form cystitis in women. In such a situation, one cannot do without surgical operation(cystostomy).

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Acute cystitis is a disease that is quite common in urology, which is one of the most frequent infections All in all. Because of physiological structure urinary system, acute inflammation occurs more frequently in women than in men.

The fact is that the urogenital canal in women is larger in diameter and smaller in length. It is these characteristics that create optimal conditions for the onset and development of infection in the bladder. In addition, the external outlet of the channel is located next to the vagina and rectum, and these organs are often sources of various kinds of infections. Cases of this problem in women exceed more than 5 times the number of cases in men.

If the necessary measures are not taken in a timely manner, the acute form can easily turn into a chronic one!

Causes

Doctors usually distinguish the following:

improper care of body hygiene;

peculiarities anatomical structure urinary system, which impede the correct outflow of fluid;
diseases of structures and tissues that are located around the urethra;
impact chemical substances and medicines.

But, for the most part, acute cystitis becomes a consequence of the adverse effects of several factors at once.

An important factor may be a decrease in immunity and general hypothermia; microtraumas, which, for example, arose during the act of sexual activity. But the predominant factor still remains an infection, the causative agent of which can be a fungus, virus or bacteria.

Pathogen bacterial form cystitis can be Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, their combination. When analyzing urine, candida, fungal filaments, Trichomonas in the vagina can be detected. Viral form often caused by adenoviruses, microbes in this case penetrate into the bladder with blood flow. It is seen in children and adult men.

The mucous membrane of the genitourinary system has good local protection, due to which a small number of microbes can be contained in the organ, but not develop cystitis. The weakening of the local immunity of the body occurs due to stress, hypothermia, various pathological processes and in postoperative period. Under such conditions harmful microbes can actively grow, which leads to inflammation.

Another variety is radiation cystitis, which may appear as a result of radiotherapy for the treatment of oncology.

Symptoms

With this disease, the following symptoms and their standard combination are observed: problems with urination, urine with blood or pus. It is not necessary to have three symptoms at once, the doctor can suspect the likelihood of cystitis if there are signs of inflammation in the patient's urine tests.

One of the main dysuric symptoms is frequent urge to urinate at intervals of 5-20 minutes, also at night. The volume of urine for one trip to the toilet can be small, because urine does not always have time to accumulate in the bladder. All this may be accompanied by imperative urges that lead to urinary incontinence.

In acute cystitis, when fluid passes through the urethra, the patient feels a burning sensation, pain and itching. This is especially pronounced at the end of the urination process. Symptoms also include pain in the genital area and lower abdomen.

Diagnostics

Acute cystitis is diagnosed in the following way- a specialist studies the patient's medical history, and then conducts comprehensive study. It includes:

delivery of urine and blood tests;
urography, ultrasound in the pelvic area;
excretory cystography;
performing cystoscopy.

After reviewing the results of all tests and studies, the doctor determines the appropriate treatment option for a particular patient.

Treatment

The treatment of the described disease does not have any special differences for women and men. It depends on the causes, symptoms, clinical picture and other factors.

A special diet is what you need to start with. At proper nutrition the human body receives vitamins, BJU and minerals that contribute to the restoration of damaged tissues. The diet must be followed without fail if you are tormented by concomitant acute cystitis, diseases or metabolic disorders.

In any form, the patient must be provided plentiful drink, he should drink at least 2 liters of water per day. It helps rid the bladder of harmful substances by washing. For this purpose, it is strictly forbidden to use sweetened soda, drinks and alcohol. It is allowed to drink water, tea, vegetable, berry or fruit juices. Cowberry juice is very useful, as lingonberries are a natural uroseptic that rids the urinary canals of dangerous bacteria.

Plant foods. Fruits and vegetables alkalize urine, changing the acidic environment that is favorable for bacteria. Salty, spicy and smoked foods should be removed from the patient's menu, because they can increase urinary concentration and irritate the mucous membrane.

First aid

When you have acute cystitis, first aid is provided when an attack occurs sharp pains in the lower abdomen. To reduce pain, you need to take an anesthetic drug. They also take analgesics of the antispasmodic category, since pain occurs due to spasms of the muscles of the genitourinary system.

Such drugs as "No-shpa", "Atropine", "Papaverine" will help alleviate the attack of the acute form of the disease. But before taking them, be sure to study the recommendations and contraindications. Antibiotics should only be taken as directed by a specialized physician.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis is treated exclusively under the supervision of physicians, permanently. This form disease often causes severe complications. At the same time, without the intervention of doctors, it is very difficult for the patient to relieve himself on his own. Treatment includes antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of such an unpleasant ailment, it is enough to follow a few of the following recommendations:

Responsibly treat the rules of personal hygiene, keep your body clean, well-groomed;
dress according to weather conditions, do not allow hypothermia of the body;
don't let long delays urination, try to empty the bladder as soon as possible after the appearance of the corresponding urge;
in the event of diseases, problems that bother you in the field of gynecology and urology, contact specialists in a timely manner and complete the prescribed treatment;
You should not self-medicate, and also use drugs that have not been prescribed by a doctor in treatment.

Simple uncomplicated infection of the lower urinary tract or, in other words, acute cystitis is an inflammation that affects the lining of the bladder. Today it is the leading pathology among diseases. urinary system.

This disease occurs mainly in women, since anatomically their urinary canal is much shorter and wider, which greatly simplifies the task for the infectious agent. In men, the cause of acute cystitis is more often urological diseases eg adenoma prostate or medical procedures such as long-term bladder catheterization.

Classification

According to the criteria, the disease is classified as follows:

By stage - acute and chronic;
By etiology - bacterial, medicinal, radiation (and other agents);
According to the condition of occurrence– primary and secondary;
According to morphological characteristics- catarrhal, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, gangrenous, necrotic, polyposis, encrusting, necrotic;
According to the extent of inflammation- trigonitis, cervical, diffuse.

The predominant causative agent of cystitis is Escherichia coli. Speaking about the causes of the disease, it is necessary to mention bacteria (Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.), viruses (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus), fungi (for example, Candida) , chlamydia, helminths (cercariae, schistosomes).

The infectious agent can enter the bladder by ascending, lymphogenous, or hematogenous routes.

Except female anatomy The disease is caused by:

Hypothermia of the body, especially the legs and lumbar region (short skirts, thin tights, wet shoes);
Inflammatory diseases in history (gynecology, urology, venereology) without adequate treatment or not fully cured;
Chronic focus of infection in the body (caries, adenoids, chronic pyelonephritis);
Accompanying illnesses ( diabetes, adenoma);
spicy, fried, fatty food in large quantities;
Frequent constipation;
long sitting position at work or in the car;
Non-compliance with the rules intimate hygiene(rare replacement of tampons, improper washing, long-term unchanging underwear);
Contraception with spermicides that do not protect against infective agents of the sexual partner entering the vagina;
immunosuppressive conditions (debilitating sports training, chemotherapy, AIDS).

The most common option this disease- acute cystitis in women, the symptoms of which we will consider below.

Diagnosis of cystitis

Diagnosis of the disease is based on clinical symptoms and urinalysis data.

The main symptoms are: a feeling of "resin" when urinating, frequent urination in small portions, pain in the lower abdomen, painful urge to urinate, discoloration of urine, urine with blood, subfebrile temperature.

For staging accurate diagnosis the following studies apply:

deployed clinical analysis blood and general analysis urine;
Cultural study of urine with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of a bacterial agent;
Ultrasound diagnostics of the urinary system organs before and after urination;
Cystoscopic examination with biopsy according to indications (examination of the bladder mucosa is carried out with a special apparatus - a cystoscope inserted through the urethra);
Contrasting x-ray studies (survey urography, cystography, urethrography, etc.);
CT or MRI according to indications (as a rule, this is a suspicion oncological processes in organism).

The diagnosis of acute cystitis requires differential diagnosis with the following diseases:

Acute pyelonephritis. Often when acute course diseases, the patient's temperature is subfebrile, at a temperature of more than 38, an infection in the kidneys is possible;
cystalgia. This disease occurs when hormonal disruptions and is most often associated with impaired blood supply in the area of the triangle and the bladder due to local pathological processes. But, just like acute cystitis, it is characterized by frequent, painful urination with normal urinalysis;
Bladder stones. Pollakiuria occurs only in motion;
For men, differentiation with prostatitis is important, in which urination becomes more frequent at night;
Tumors and metastases.

The main goals of the treatment of acute cystitis:

Quick cupping clinical manifestations diseases;
Elimination of the causative agent of infection;
Prevention of reinfection (relapse of the disease).

Some diagnostic features suggest acute hemorrhagic cystitis. It is distinguished from the symptoms of an uncomplicated inflammatory process only by the presence of blood in the urine.

Characterized by the same frequent painful urination, including at night, but the cutting pain intensifies at the end of urination, and there are numerous ineffectual urges. These symptoms are often accompanied by fever above 38, fever, chills, and malaise.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis has the following complications:

Blockage of the urethra with a blood clot;
Spread of infection through the affected blood vessels;
Pyelonephritis;
Anemia;
Sepsis.

Features of the treatment of acute cystitis

For elimination pain syndrome antispasmodics and analgesics are used, which often have an anti-inflammatory effect: nurofen, no-shpa, baralgin. They also relieve spasm of the sphincter of the urethra. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects.

For cupping allergic reaction apply antihistamines. Etiotropic therapy carried out in accordance with the sensitivity of the found infectious agents. Practice has proven the adequacy of the use of a 3-day course of antibiotic therapy. It has been established that the treatment of acute cystitis occurring in an uncomplicated form for more than 3 days has no advantages. The diet for acute cystitis is to eliminate foods that affect the acidity of urine from the diet.

This is done in order not to irritate the inflamed bladder mucosa.

It is necessary to cancel spicy, salty and sour foods, smoked meats, fatty and overcooked, alcohol, chocolate, coffee, tomatoes. You can not drink milk and carbonated drinks, alkalizing urine. Drink plenty of fluids (2-4 liters per day), fruit drinks, uzvars or birch sap are best.

Well sanitized urinary tract kidney tea, decoctions of chamomile, bearberry, lingonberry leaf, horsetail, wild rose, corn stigmas are herbs that have a diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect.

It is also possible to use pharmaceuticals sanitizing the urinary tract. It is necessary to use them until the symptoms disappear and another 5-7 days after.

Acute cystitis is an extremely unpleasant disease accompanied by severe pain when urinating. More often, pathology occurs in women, due to the special structure of their genitourinary system and the short urethra, through which the infection easily penetrates the body. But the disease can appear in men and children. In this case, the pathology can provoke serious complications.

Cystitis is a pathology that can affect people of any gender and age. Common Causes occurrence of the disease are:

hypothermia;
Prolonged and frequent restraint of the urge to urinate;
Wearing tight, squeezing clothing;
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

However, some of the causes of the development of the disease in men, women and children differ significantly. This arises due to physiological characteristics their organisms.

The acute form of cystitis in women can develop due to such factors:

Failure to follow the rules of personal hygiene, including the wrong way to clean the skin after the act of defecation, towards the vagina. The physiological proximity of the urethra to the anus allows E. coli and particles stool easy to get to the entrance to the urethra;
Periodic decrease in local immunity, due to hormonal changes occurring with a woman during menstrual cycle, as well as with menopause;
Complex reproductive system whose organs are extremely susceptible to inflammatory processes;
High risk of penetration of the bacterial flora of the sexual partner into the urethra during intercourse. This is possible, because at sexual contact, the woman's urethra curves slightly outward and is in close proximity to the vagina.
The large width of the urethra, the length of which reaches 3-5 cm. This greatly facilitates pathogenic microorganisms way to the bladder.

Often healthy women suddenly appears cystitis during pregnancy. In this case, the pathology also has physiological causes:

Deterioration of blood supply in the pelvic organs due to their squeezing by the growing uterus;
decline immune protection organism;
perestroika hormonal background, which at this stage often leads to vaginal dysbacteriosis, as well as the development of various inflammatory processes on the mucous membrane of the urinary organs.

Often in pregnant women there is a decrease in the tone of the muscle tissues of the bladder. As a result, it is not completely empty, and stagnation occurs.

In men

In men, acute cystitis usually results from an infection in the bladder. At the same time, due to the length of the urethra of 15-19 cm, as well as the thin and curved shape, pathological microorganisms rarely enter the bladder directly. Infection usually occurs through neighboring organs and fabrics.

Also, the cause of acute cystitis is:

Urolithiasis disease;
Prostatitis;
phimosis;
Scarring foreskin penis;
Oncological formations in the pelvic organs;
inflammatory processes in urethra arising from hypothermia;
Tuberculosis.

Most often, cystitis occurs in men over the age of 40 years.

In children

The appearance of acute cystitis in children can provoke:

Physiological pathologies in the structure of external and internal organs genitourinary system;
Failure to comply with hygiene rules. For babies, this is an untimely diaper change, in older children - the study of the genitals with dirty hands;
A sharp decrease in the body's immune defenses. May occur as a result of illness or vitamin deficiency;
Use in the treatment of other diseases of sulfonamides and other drugs of similar action;
Hereditary predisposition to diseases of the genitourinary sphere.

Also, children often have indirect signs acute cystitis. Most often, this is a significant darkening of the urine, the presence of sediment in the urine, as well as uncontrolled urination during the day in children older than 3.5-4 years.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of acute cystitis are the same, regardless of the age and gender of the patient. Signs of pathology include:

Burning sensation and sharp pain in the urethra during urination;
Itching in the area of the external genitourinary organs;
Frequent urges for small needs, often false or unproductive;
Passage of urine in a thin and sluggish stream;
Significant discomfort in the pelvic area.

Also, pathology is often accompanied by symptoms of general intoxication of the body, such as fever and general weakness.

Almost always with acute cystitis, the color and texture of urine changes significantly. It becomes darker and denser. In some cases, the presence of pus and sediment in the biomaterial is possible. Also, with acute cystitis, urine with blood can be observed.

In the absence of timely and correct treatment, a burning sensation and pain can occur in a patient not only when trying to urinate, but also at rest.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of acute cystitis is always carried out in a complex manner. It may include:

General analysis of urine and blood;
Urine culture. It is carried out in order to identify the causative agent of the inflammatory process;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
Polymer Research chain reactions. It is used to detect major infections in the body;
Pap smear from the vagina or urethra;
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko.

Urinalysis is one of the methods for diagnosing acute cystitis

Cystoscopy can be performed only after the relief of the inflammatory process, as well as in its absence. In some cases, a mucosal biopsy is performed to make a diagnosis.

In addition to the chemical constituents of urine, the biomaterial is also evaluated by appearance. So in acute hemorrhagic cystitis, urine can acquire shades from pink to dark red.

What to do with an acute form of cystitis

Treatment of acute cystitis should be carried out in a complex manner, and include the following methods:

Taking pharmaceutical drugs;
Phytotherapy treatment;
Attendance at physiotherapy sessions.

The treatment of pathology in pregnant women is usually handled by a gynecologist and a urologist at the same time.

Medical

The doctor observing the disease always individually decides how to cure the pathology. However, at the beginning of the treatment of acute cystitis, antibiotics are almost always used. They are necessary to eliminate the present bacterial infection. The most commonly used antibiotics are:

Ciprofloxacin;
Monural;
Ofloxacin.

Ciprofloxacin - one of the drugs for the treatment of acute cystitis

Amoxicillins, cephalosporins, and nalidixic acid are commonly used to treat children.

The duration of the course of treatment is individual and depends on the severity of the pathology and the general condition of the patient's body. However, continuously medications this group can be no longer than 7 days.

Also, during therapy, drugs are used for plant-based. The safest and most effective of them are Urolesan, Kanefron and Uronefron.

Phytotherapy

During the treatment of acute cystitis can be used medicinal herbs and ready-made pharmaceutical herbal preparations. They are easy to prepare and use at home. In the acute form of cystitis, therapy medicinal plants can only be carried out by taking prepared infusions, herbal teas and decoctions inside.

For the treatment of pathology, such plants and their combinations are usually used:

bearberry;
Plantain;
Corn silk;
Birch buds.

Despite the fact that herbal medicine can be carried out at home, the patient should definitely consult with his doctor before using it, especially if the child is sick. The specialist will not only select the most effective means, but also help to eliminate contraindications to their use.

Physiotherapy

The elimination of the inflammatory process, as well as the normalization of the urinary tract, can also be carried out with the help of physiotherapy. Treatment is carried out using the following procedures:

electrophoresis;
Magnetotherapy;
exposure to ultrasound;
Phonophoresis.

Magnetotherapy is one of the methods of treatment of acute cystitis

All these methods can improve blood circulation and metabolism in the pelvic organs, and also help to eliminate pain and inflammation.

In acute cystitis, especially complicated by the presence of blood in the urine, any warming of the bladder is strictly contraindicated. It is unacceptable for the patient to take warm and hot baths, as well as apply a heating pad and instill the bladder.

Diet

In the treatment of acute cystitis, it is extremely important to observe special diet. It consists in the rejection of spicy, fried and smoked dishes, as well as products that can reduce the level of fluid in the body, or provoke constipation.

The following foods should be present in the diet:

natural fresh vegetable juices and berry fruit drinks. A drink made from lingonberries and cranberries will not only relieve inflammation, but also improve metabolism in the body. This will allow you to quickly remove the infection from the body;
Low-fat varieties of fish and meat;
Olive oil;
Fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season;
Dairy products;
Whole grain cereals.

During the day, in the absence of contraindications, the patient needs to drink 2-3 liters of fluid. It might be savory green tea or coffee, compote, water, fruit drink or juice.

Possible Complications

In the absence of proper treatment, pathology can provoke the development of such complications:

The appearance of blood clots in the urine. The phenomenon can provoke a blockage of the urinary ducts, and with stagnant processes, it can also rot. As a result, the patient may develop gangrene, the treatment of which is carried out only with the help of surgery.
Paracystitis. The phenomenon is accompanied by inflammation of the tissues located around the bladder.
Kidney inflammation.
Painful bladder syndrome. With pathology, up to 150 urges to urinate occur during the day. The phenomenon is accompanied frequent pain and itching in the genital area, as well as increased body temperature. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads to all neighboring bladder fabrics.
Ulcerative cystitis. Numerous small ulcers form in the bladder.

Also, acute cystitis can cause problems with the functioning of the genital organs, both in men and women, up to infertility.

Prevention measures

Prevention of the development of acute hemorrhagic cystitis is the observance of simple rules:

Timely and correct treatment of colds.
Compliance with personal hygiene.
Use during sexual intercourse barrier methods contraception to prevent the development of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If the first symptoms of pathology occur, visit a doctor.
Avoid hypothermia.
Avoid wearing tight clothing.
Avoid constipation.
Drink 1.5-2 liters of liquid during the day. Not only water is useful, but also cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks.
Regularly increase the resistance of your immune system.

One of the most important rules, which will avoid the development of acute cystitis, is the regular, complete and timely emptying of the bladder.

Cystitis is a consequence of the development of an inflammatory process in the bladder. If it manifests itself in an acute form, it is impossible to miss the symptoms without attention. Can the history of "acute cystitis" be the same for all patients with a similar diagnosis? What similarities in the way of life and the development of the disease do doctors observe in such patients?

Symptoms

The main thing that distinguishes this form of the disease is the imposition a large number symptoms at the same time. All signs do not appear incrementally, but appear almost spontaneously, out of nowhere, at once. This is very frightening for patients who are faced with the disease for the first time. So, what symptoms may appear:

Increase in body temperature. Its values can reach up to 38 and even 40 degrees. At the same time, the patient feels general weakness, chills, excessive sweating. An increase in temperature in acute cystitis indicates a significant degree of intoxication of the body.
Frequent urination with acute cutting pains. If in itself the frequency of urination occurs in many people, including after abundant salty food, then here the degree of the symptom is much higher. It is simply impossible not to suspect the infectious nature of such a condition.
Urine becomes cloudy, dark, it may contain droplets of blood. Usually this symptom is noted by women, since particles of blood remain on toilet paper. The decrease in the transparency of urine is due to an increase in the level of white blood and epithelial bodies.

Why does acute cystitis appear?

If this is inflammation, then the cause must be infection with bacteria, viruses or fungi of the urinary organs. But in the case of acute cystitis, there must be a combination of several provoking factors that largely help the development of the disease:

Prolonged work in a sitting position.
Improper hygiene of the genitals, we are talking even a one-time violation of standards.
Eating spicy, spicy, smoked foods or alcoholic beverages, as well as a combination of these products. That is why acute cystitis is very often recorded in patients after holidays, corporate parties or friendly gatherings.
Severe hypothermia.
Injury to the urethra and bladder. The patient needs to remember if he has recently had a fall or hit on the genitourinary organs.
Prolonged non-going to the toilet to urinate. So, the diagnosis of acute cystitis can be made after a trip where the patient did not have the opportunity to urinate normally while filling the bladder. The ureter in this case expands, and the bacteria easily rise up the genitourinary system.
Constipation. With the inability of the body to produce an act of defecation, a huge mass of bacteria accumulates in the large intestine. The thin mucous membrane is not always able to protect the organs in the immediate vicinity, and acute cystitis is the result of such a malfunction of the digestive tract.
Immunodeficiency states of the body, as well as other diseases of the patient. Any disease takes away part of the body's own potential, and it is no longer able to fight all ailments at once. Even a fungus on the nail undermines the immune system and can cause acute cystitis in a patient.

Diagnosis of acute cystitis: how to do it right

At acute pain in the lower abdomen, the patient should immediately call ambulance. You can contact a general practitioner in a hospital only if there is no queue for a doctor and the patient does not have a fever. In all other cases, heroism can turn out to be deplorable! Ideally, it is better to immediately go to an appointment with a urologist, but the case histories of patients with acute cystitis usually describe a long walk from the therapist to other specialists - a gynecologist, a gastroenterologist.

What should the doctor do? Firstly, fill out the patient's medical history, namely, collect complaints, clarify the place of work and the practiced lifestyle, the presence bad habits and other pathologies. This is necessary to compile the overall clinical picture. Most likely, the patient will turn out to be a lover of sitting in front of a monitor or TV screen, undemanding in the choice of food quality and body hygiene products, as well as a rare visitor to hospital facilities, even when unpleasant symptoms and ailments.

Secondly, the doctor will examine the patient's urinary organs. Now you can see swelling, redness, local hyperemia. Thirdly, a qualified specialist will refer such a patient to the delivery of express urine tests - general, bacterial culture and the Nechiporenko method. Express tests are necessary to quickly find out the reasons, because in a couple of days, which is usually the result, the patient's condition may worsen. Unfortunately, not every clinic has such capabilities, but when a patient is admitted by ambulance, such quick results of the patient's condition are standard.

It is desirable to do ultrasound diagnostics urinary organs, to understand their structure, to see violations of the state of the tissue and the size of the organs.

How is acute cystitis treated?

In the vast majority of cases, patients are immediately referred to a hospital for treatment. Elevated temperature and increased symptoms of the disease do not allow him to take care of himself. The main treatment is taking antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. In the first days of the patient's admission, they try to administer drugs intravenously in order to speed up the process of admission. active components into the blood and exclude their harm to the stomach of patients who experience a decrease in appetite during this period.

Droppers with saline will help to remove toxins from the body, and in fact it is intoxication that causes a strong increase in temperature. Gradually the patient's condition improves. After 7-9 days of the patient's stay in the hospital, he may be asked to continue the treatment on an outpatient basis, under the supervision of the attending urologist.

After completing the main course of treatment, the doctor may close sick leave. The patient coped with acute cystitis, but talking about full recovery forever too soon. After some time, it is necessary to take tests again and check the condition of the urinary organs in order to avoid the transition of the disease to chronic stage. If the results show no bacteria, the case history for a patient with acute cystitis can be considered closed.