Memory is the ability to accumulate and reproduce information. From 25 to 45 years old it works in full activity mode, then it begins to gradually deteriorate.

Research shows that 25% of the world's population experiences certain problems with the accumulation of information.

Let's figure out what medications exist to improve memory and cerebral circulation and which is the most effective.

The causes of memory impairment can be divided into four categories:

• brain damage;
• diseases internal organs;
• lifestyle features;
• age-related changes and pathologies.

When the brain is damaged, memory problems are pronounced. Amnesia, hallucinations, false memories and so on. Main reasons:

• traumatic brain injuries;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• stroke;
• tumors and metastases in the brain;
• diseases occurring with damage to the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis).

Various somatic diseases indirectly affect memory functions: they provoke hypoxia of brain tissue and slow down metabolic reactions. Mnestic disorders manifest themselves in decreased concentration and excessive forgetfulness. Possible prerequisites:

• pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
• disorders of the kidneys;
• endocrine diseases – diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism.

Some lifestyle features and external factors, For example:

• unbalanced diet;
• lack of sleep, overwork, stressful situations;
• information overload;
• chronic intoxication – smoking, drug addiction, alcohol abuse, taking medications, heavy metal poisoning.

Memory loss in old age is associated with damage to cerebral blood vessels. Almost all people over 50 experience difficulties with accumulating information. In some diseases they are especially pronounced, the main ones being:

• multiple sclerosis;
• Parkinson's disease;
• Alzheimer's disease.

Establishing the factor that provoked memory deterioration is the main criterion for choosing therapeutic methods.

Will pills help adults to improve memory and attention?

There are no medications that directly increase mnestic abilities.

But a number of medications are produced that affect blood circulation in the brain, as well as processes that are associated with the perception of information, concentration and other elements mental activity. They are prescribed for certain memory problems.

Main groups of drugs:

• nootropics – compounds that stimulate metabolic reactions in the brain and improve signal transmission between nerve cells;
• agents that improve blood supply to the brain by reducing blood viscosity and increasing the strength of vessel walls;
• restorative medications and vitamins.

The choice of remedy is made by the doctor based on the causes and degree of mnestic disorders, the patient’s age, as well as his general condition. As a rule, medications are one of the components of therapy.

Tablets to improve brain activity and memory

"Glycine"

The composition of Glycine tablets includes aminoacetic acid. It is a metabolic regulator and a central neurotransmitter.

Properties:

• decline psycho-emotional stress and aggressiveness;
• improved mood;
• promotion mental performance;
• normalization of sleep.

Indications:

• memory loss;
• stressful situations;
• various diseases of the central nervous system;
• ischemic stroke.

Directions for use: 1 tablet sublingually 3 times a day. Duration – 14-30 days. Available without a prescription. Price – 37 rub. for 50 tablets. Analogues - “Glykokol”, “Glykosten”, “Amiton”.

"Intellan"

Intellan capsules and syrup contain extracts of ginkgo biloba, centella asiatica, coriander, emblica and other plants. The listed herbs include amino acids, alkaloids, trace elements and glycosides that affect the central nervous system.

"Intellan" is a neurohumoral modifier of the transmission of nerve impulses and a stimulator of metabolism in the cerebral cortex.

Properties:

• improved brain activity, including increased ability to concentrate;
• activation of blood circulation in the brain;
• increased performance;
• removal of toxic substances;
• reduction of anxiety;
• neutralization of free radicals that destroy cells.

Indications:

• disturbance of cerebral blood flow;
• memory disorders;
• decreased intellectual abilities;
• asthenia (lethargy);
• depression, anxiety;
• developmental delay in children.

Directions for use: 1 capsule or 2 teaspoons of syrup after meals, 2 times a day. Duration – 28 days. Available without a prescription. Price – 189 rub. for 20 capsules. Structural analogues are missing.

The medicine for improving brain function and memory “Piracetam” is available in the form of tablets, syrup and solution for injection. It contains a substance of the same name, which belongs to the group of nootropics.

Properties:

• stimulation of metabolic processes in the brain - increased utilization of glucose, synthesis of ribonucleic acid, increased reserves of adenosine triphosphate;
• activation of blood microcirculation, suppression of platelet accumulation;
• improving interaction between the hemispheres of the brain;
• restoration and stabilization of cerebral functions.
• lack of psychostimulating and sedative effects.

Indications:

• vascular insufficiency leading to memory impairment;
• Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases;
• traumatic brain injuries;
• coma.

Directions for use: 30-160 mg/kg body weight per day, divided into 2-4 doses. Duration – 40-60 days. Available without a prescription. Price – 76 rub. for 60 tablets. Analogues - “Lutsetam”, “Memotropil”.

"Phenotropil"

Phenotropil tablets are a new generation nootropic drug with the active ingredient of the same name.

The active component of the drug is a derivative of piracetam, and therefore has a similar effect to it.

The difference is that Phenotropil has a psychostimulating effect (improves mood, relieves anxiety). In addition, the effect of taking it becomes noticeable immediately.

Directions for use: 200-300 mg per day, divided into 2-3 doses, after meals. Duration – 2-12 weeks. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 403 rub. for 10 tablets. There are no structural analogues.

"Vitrum Memory"

The active ingredient of the drug "Vitrum Memory" is an extract of leaves of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba).

Properties:

• improved blood circulation;
• increasing the supply of glucose and oxygen to brain cells;
• activation metabolic processes;
• blood thinning, prevention of thrombosis;
• dilation of small vessels, increasing the tone of their walls;
• anti-edema effect;
• improving learning ability.

The main indication is a decrease in memory and mental activity.

Directions for use: 1 tablet 2 times a day. Duration – 3 months. Available without a prescription. Price – 582 rub. for 60 tablets. Analogues - “Bilobil”, “Gingium”, “Ginkgo Biloba”.

"Tanakan"

Tanakan solution and tablets contain gingko biloba extract. This drug is an analogue of the “Vitrum Memory” described above. They differ in excipients, release forms and concentration of the active component in 1 tablet:

• "Tanakan" - 40 mg;
• "Vitrum Memory" - 60 mg.

Directions for use: 1 tablet (1 ml syrup) 3 times a day. Duration – 1-3 months. Available without a prescription. Price – 608 rub. for 30 tablets.

Proper nutrition is the key to health, we all know this from school. And for sick people, diet is especially important. A diet for multiple sclerosis will help improve the patient’s quality of life and slow down the progression of the disease. Here you can familiarize yourself with the basic principles of diet for this disease.

"Phenibut"

Phenibut is available in tablet and powder form. Its active component is aminophenylbutyric acid, a derivative of phenylethylamine (nootropic) and gamma-aminobutyric acid(tranquilizer).

Properties:

• relief of anxiety, fear, tension;
• normalization of sleep;
• improving blood circulation in the brain;
• reduction in the severity of speech and motor disorders;
• increasing mental performance and reaction speed;
• anticonvulsant effect.

Indications:

• asthenia;
• anxiety-neurotic conditions;
• phobias;
• tics;
• disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
• Parkinson's disease.

Directions for use: 250-500 mg 3 times a day after meals. Duration – 2-6 weeks. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 424 rub. for 20 tablets. Analogues – “Anvifen”, “Noofen”.

"Aminalon"

Aminalon tablets contain a nootropic – gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Properties:

• strengthening energy processes in nerve cells;
• activation of the transmission of nerve impulses;
• restoration of neurocytes;
• mild psychostimulant effect;
• normalization of blood pressure;
• improving mental performance and concentration.

Indications:

• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• cerebrovascular accident;
• age-related dementia;
• autonomic disorders.

Directions for use: 3 g per day before meals. Duration – 1-4 months. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 257 rub. for 100 tablets. Analogues - “Gammalon”, “Ganevrin”.

"Pantogam"

"Pantogam" is a nootropic and anticonvulsant drug, produced in the form of syrup, capsules and tablets. The active substance is calcium hopantenate.

Properties:

• increasing the brain's resistance to lack of oxygen;
• sedative effect;
• decreased motor excitability;

Indications:

• decrease in various brain functions, including mnestic ones;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• extrapyramidal disorders;
• schizophrenia;
• epilepsy.

Directions for use: 1.5-3 g per day after meals. Duration – 1-4 months. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 399 rub. for 50 tablets. Analogs - “Pantocalcin”, “Gopantam”.

"Picamilon"

"Picamilon" is produced in the form of an injection solution and tablets. The main component of the drug is the nootropic, tranquilizing and psychostimulant substance nicotinoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Properties:

• dilatation of cerebral vessels;
• entrainment of cerebral blood flow velocity;
• suppression of platelet aggregation;
• normalization of sleep;
• reduction of anxiety;
• increased performance;
• antioxidant effect.

Indications:

• ischemic stroke;
• circulatory failure in the brain;
• neuroinfections;
• depression;
• migraine;
• senile psychoses.

Directions for use: 20-50 mg g 3 times a day. Duration – 1-2 months. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 91 rub. for 30 tablets. Analogs - “Picanoil”, “Amilonosar”.

"Memoplant"

Memoplant tablets contain ginkgo biloba extract. The drug is an analogue of Tanakan. The peculiarity of “Memoplant” is that it is available in three dosages: 40, 80 and 120 mg of active ingredient in one tablet. The first two versions of the drug are sold without a prescription, and the third is only available with a prescription. Price – 908 rub. for 60 tablets (40 mg).

The modern pace of life requires a good memory, because so many things need to be kept in mind. using various techniques, we will consider in the next topic. Let's talk about techniques for working with attention: focusing, contemplation, peripheral vision.

For information on the life expectancy of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, see the link. The influence of psychological factors on life expectancy.

"Vazobral"

"Vazobral" is a combined drug for improving cerebral and peripheral circulation, produced in the form of tablets. It contains alpha-dihydroergocriptine mesylate, an ergot derivative, and caffeine.

Properties:

• activation of blood flow and metabolic reactions in brain cells;
• inhibition of the process of platelet adhesion;
• decreased permeability of vascular walls;
• increasing tissue resistance to hypoxia;
• activation of mental and physical performance.

Indications

• weakening of concentration and memory in old age;
• atherosclerosis;
• migraine.

Directions for use: 0.5 tablets with meals, 2 times a day. Duration – 2-3 months. Dispensed by prescription. Price – 1079 rub. for 30 tablets. There are no structural analogues.

"Biotredin" - tablets that help improve metabolic processes and increase the level of energy supply to tissues. Its formula contains L-threonine ( essential amino acid) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). In the body, these substances are converted into glycine and acetic acid.

Properties:

• reduction of psycho-emotional stress;
• increasing mental performance and memory;
• relief of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Indications:

• weakening of the ability to concentrate and remember;
• alcohol addiction.

Directions for use: 1 tablet 3 times a day. Duration – 3-10 days. Available without a prescription. Price – 128 rub. for 30 tablets. There are no structural analogues.

The described drugs should be used only as prescribed by a doctor in the dosages specified by him.

The main contraindications to their use are intolerance to the components, pregnancy, lactation, pathologies of the kidneys, liver and blood coagulation system. Possible side effects are disturbances in the psychoemotional state, allergies, headaches, and disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract.

K relatively safe means include Glycine, Biotredin and herbal medicines.

Other drugs to improve brain function

In addition to the drugs listed, there are many other means to increase mental performance. Among herbal medicines, tinctures and tablets with ginseng are considered the most effective. Its root contains glycosides, essential oils, vitamins and other valuable substances.

Preparations based on ginseng increase the body's resistance to stress and infections, and also activate brain activity.

Synthetic products:

• "Phesam" (active ingredients - piracetam and cinnarizine);
• Cavinton (vinpocetine);
• "Encephabol" (pyritinol);
• "Cortexin" (polypeptide fractions and glycine);
• "Cerebrolysin" (a complex of peptides synthesized from pig brain tissue).

"Cavinton" and "Encephabol" are nootropics, that is, they improve cerebral circulation and the speed of transmission of nerve impulses. Phezam has a similar effect, and also dilates blood vessels and eliminates blood viscosity.

"Cortexin" and "Cerebrolysin" protect brain neurons, improve metabolic reactions in tissues, and also help restore impaired cognitive functions. These medications are used to improve memory in old age and for various brain lesions.

How else can you improve your memory?

Improving the ability to remember information is possible not only through medications. In the absence serious illnesses Brain activity is easy to activate thanks to proper nutrition, memory training and increased concentration.

Techniques and working with attention

Attention is the concentration of thoughts on something. The ability to focus on information is prerequisite memorization.

Otherwise, the brain considers certain information unimportant and does not perceive it.

It is possible to learn to manage your attention. But this requires constant training. It is important to do them during a calm period: stress and tension interfere with concentration. Here are some exercises.

1. Focusing. You should sit down and concentrate on the subject. As soon as your thoughts switch to something else, you need to make an effort and concentrate again. Then you can shift the focus of attention to another subject and return to the first.
2. Line. You need to take the paper and start drawing a line on it with a pencil, focusing only on it. At the moment of distraction, you should make a small peak (angle) on the line and continue it further. We should strive to have as few peaks as possible.
3. Peripheral vision. Standing or sitting in a quiet place, you should try to take in your gaze and focus on the lines located on the periphery - on the sides, above, below.
4. Breath. You need to sit down, straighten your back, and breathe deeply. You should fully concentrate on the breathing process: look at the tip of your nose and imagine how the air enters and exits through the nostrils. Exercise helps not only to develop the ability to concentrate, but also to eliminate anxiety before an important task.

Training must be done every day for half an hour. Each exercise should take 3-5 minutes.

Foods that improve memory

Many food products contain active substances that have effects similar to pharmacological agents.

Their properties are less pronounced than those of drugs, but with constant use the effect will be noticeable.

Key Memory Boost Products:

1. Garlic. It thins the blood and improves its microcirculation.
2. Walnuts. They contain B vitamins, fatty acids, tocopherol, zinc and magnesium. They stimulate brain function and protect its cells from age-related changes.
3. Milk. It contains vitamin B12, which helps remember information.
4. Honey. It is a source of glucose, the main “fuel” for nerve cells.
5. Sea kale. It contains iodine, a deficiency of which significantly impairs brain activity.
6. Dark grapes, blueberries, red onions, red apples. These foods are rich in antioxidants that prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease - quercetin and anthocyanins.
7. Rosemary. It helps to expand the lumen of blood vessels and activate blood flow in the brain.
8. Salmon and fatty varieties fish. They contain a lot of Omega-3 acids, which protect brain cells from inflammation.

In addition, productive brain function is impossible without drinking enough fluid per day - 6-8 glasses of water.

Techniques for older people

At an advanced age, to improve memory, drug therapy must be supplemented with brain training.

Their essence is to activate the work of nerve cells, create new connections and associations, as well as engage different departments brain

• Gain new knowledge and skills - learn a foreign language, master interesting view handicrafts or working on a computer keyboard blindly.
• Perform familiar actions in a new way - with your eyes closed, with your left hand (for a right-handed person).
• Guess logic problems, puzzles, crosswords, putting together puzzles, playing chess and so on.
• Read a lot and retell the information received to someone.
• Learn poems.
• Play table tennis (this activity improves communication between the hemispheres of the brain).

If you have difficulties with memorization, you should use mnemonics methods - form associations between abstract concepts and visual, auditory or tactile images.

In an effort to improve memory and brain activity, it is important not to forget about proper rest. The ability to distract yourself from certain thoughts for a while is no less important than the ability to concentrate.

Preventing memory problems

The main directions for preventing memory impairment:

1. Balanced diet, which implies restriction fatty foods and simple carbohydrates.
2. Memory training - games, reading books, puzzles.
3. Quitting smoking and large doses alcohol.
4. Timely treatment of diseases leading to disturbances in brain function.

The choice of method to improve memory is determined by the reason for its decline. In some cases, rest is enough proper nutrition and work to improve concentration. In others, you cannot do without potent drugs.

Increased episodes of forgetfulness and absent-mindedness, severe learning difficulties new information, memory lapses, false memories - all this good reasons to see a doctor and undergo an examination.

Video on the topic

See also aminalon, acephen, dibazole, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotoxin, caffeine, iaftidrofuril, no-spa, paitogam, papaverine hydrochloride, picamilon, piracetam, pyriditol, theophylline, pentoxifylline, aminophylline, cerebrolysin, etc.

AVAMIGRAN

Combination drug, containing ergotamine tartrate, mecloxamine citrate, camilofine dihydrochloride, caffeine, amidopyrine.

Pharmacological action. Avamigran relieves (relieves) migraines and migraine-like headaches caused by cerebral (brain) vascular disorders. It is not prescribed for the prevention of migraine.

Indications for use. Migraine, migraine-like headaches with cerebral angiopathy (impaired tone of the blood vessels of the brain), histamine cephalalgia (unilateral headaches appear 1-2 hours after falling asleep).

Method of administration and dose. At the first signs of a migraine attack, 2 tablets are prescribed, and the dose is repeated if necessary. The maximum daily dose is 4 tablets, weekly dose is 10 tablets.

Side effect. Possible dry mouth and dizziness.

Contraindications. Lactation period (breastfeeding) in women, liver and kidney dysfunction, vascular diseases, angina pectoris, hypertension(persistent rise in blood pressure), glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure), adenoma (benign tumor) prostate gland with urinary retention, cardiac tachyarrhythmias (rapid irregular heartbeats), megacolon (significant dilation of part or all of the colon).

Release form. Coated tablets containing ergotamine tartrate 0.75 mg, mecloxamine citrate 20 mg, camilofin dihydrochloride 25 mg, caffeine 80 mg, amidopyrine 125 mg.

Storage conditions.

VAZOBRAL (Vasobral)

Pharmacological action. A combined drug whose effect is determined by the properties of its constituent components. Dihydroergocriptine, a dihydrogenated derivative of ergot, which is part of vasobral, blocks alpha]- and alpha2-adrenergic receptors of smooth muscle cells and platelets. Has a stimulating effect on dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors of the central nervous system. When using the drug, the aggregation (sticking together) of platelets and red blood cells decreases, the permeability of the vascular wall decreases, blood circulation and metabolic processes (metabolism) in the brain improve, and the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia (lack of oxygen due to insufficient oxygen supply or impaired absorption) increases.

Vasobral has been shown to have a preventive effect against migraine.

Indications for use. Cerebrovascular insufficiency (mismatch between the need of brain tissue for oxygen and its delivery), including due to cerebral (brain vessels) atherosclerosis; residual effects after cerebrovascular accident; decline mental activity, memory impairment regarding recent events, decreased attention, orientation disorders; preventive treatment of migraine; cochleovestibular races

disorders (dizziness, tinnitus, hypoacusia) of ischemic origin (developed due to insufficient blood supply to the cochlea inner ear); retinopathy (damage to the walls of blood vessels in the retina), in particular diabetic (associated with increased content blood sugar) and Raynaud's disease (narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels in the extremities); chronic venous insufficiency.

Method of administration and dose. Prescribe 1-2 tablets or 2-4 ml (1-2 pipettes) 2 times a day. The drug should be taken with meals, with a small amount of water.

Side effect. In rare cases - nausea, pain in the epigastrium (the area of ​​the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum). Itchy skin, rash. Possible decrease in blood pressure. Vasobral does not have a long-term hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) effect, therefore, when it is prescribed to patients with arterial hypertension(persistent increase in blood pressure) does not exclude the need to use antihypertensive (blood pressure-lowering) drugs. With the simultaneous administration of Vasobral and antihypertensive drugs, the development of arterial hypotension (a decrease in blood pressure below normal values) and fainting.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Safety of use in pregnant women has not been proven. Prescribing vasobral to nursing mothers can lead to a decrease in lactation (milk production).

Release form. Pills; oral solution in a bottle with a 2 ml pipette attached. 1 tablet contains: alphadihydroergocriptine - 2 mg, caffeine - 20 mg. 2 ml of solution contain: alphadihydroergocriptine - 2 mg, caffeine - 20 mg.

Storage conditions. List B. In a cool place.

VINCANOR (Vincanorum)

Purified sum of alkaloids from Vinca minor L.

Pharmacological action. The drug has an antispasmodic (relieving spasms), vasodilator, hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) and moderate sedative (calming) effect.

Indications for use. Used for cerebral circulatory disorders (spastic and atherosclerotic), initial forms of hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure), after ischemic stroke (acute cerebral circulatory disorder), as well as for neurogenic sinus tachycardia (rapid heartbeat).

Method of administration and dose. Take orally (regardless of meal times) 1-2 tablets 3 times a day, if necessary, up to 2 tablets 4 times a day. The course of treatment is 10-30 days. The course of treatment can be repeated, selecting an individual maintenance dose.

Release form. Tablets of 0.02 g (20 mg), film-coated, in a package of 50 pieces.

Storage conditions.

VINCAPAN

Synonyms: Winkaton.

Contains the sum of vinca alkaloids (Vinca minor L).

Pharmacological action. It has an antispasmodic (relieving spasms), vasodilator, hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) effect.

Indications for use. Used for spasms (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of cerebral vessels, neurogenic tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), initial forms of hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure).

Method of administration and dose. Taken orally, starting with 0.005 g ("/2 tablets), then 0.01 g (10 mg = 1 tablet) 2-3 times a day. After achieving a therapeutic effect, maintenance doses are selected individually. Children are prescribed starting from 0. 0025 g ("/4 tablets) per day.

Side effects and contraindications. Not identified.

Release form. Tablets 0.01 g.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dry place.

INSTENON

A combination drug containing three separate medicinal substances: hexobendine, etamivan and etophylline.

The pharmacological action consists of the effects of the components included in the drug.

Hexobendine has antispasmodic (relieving spasms) and vasodilator activity. Moderately dilates coronary vessels (heart vessels). The drug somewhat increases cerebral circulation and improves metabolic (metabolic) processes in the brain, which is the basis for its inclusion in the composition of the drug instenon.

Etamivan's pharmacological action is close to cordiamine.

Etophylline is close in structure and pharmacological properties to theophylline and diprophylline.

Improves cerebral circulation, stimulates the vasomotor center, has a positive inotropic effect (increases the force of heart contractions); also has a bronchodilator (dilates the bronchi) and moderate degree diuretic (diuretic) activity.

The combination of these substances justifies the use of instenon to improve brain functions in conditions of impaired blood flow, ischemia and hypoxia (insufficient oxygen supply to tissue or impaired absorption).

Indications for use. The drug is proposed for use in ischemic stroke (acute cerebrovascular accident), residual effects after a stroke, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, post-traumatic encephalopathy, vegetative-vascular dystonia and other manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency (lack of blood supply to the brain).

Method of administration and dose. Instenon is prescribed orally, intravenously and intramuscularly.

Taken orally mainly for chronic forms for cerebrovascular insufficiency, 1 Instenon Forte tablet or 2 Instenon tablets 2-3 times a day for 3-4 weeks.

Instenon is prescribed intravenously (or intramuscularly) mainly for acute forms of ischemia and cerebral hypoxia (inadequate oxygen supply to the brain). Administer 1 ml (1 ampoule) 1-2-3 times a day for 3-5 days. or until clinical improvement occurs. Intravenous injections are given slowly

(drip). The contents of the ampoule are diluted in 200 ml of 5% glucose solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution.

Side effect. With fast intravenous administration possible development of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), headache, hyperemia (redness) of the face.

Contraindications. The use of instenon is contraindicated in cases of increased intracranial pressure, intracerebral hemorrhages, and epilepsy.

Release form. Dragees containing 20 mg of hexobendine, 50 mg of etamivan and 60 mg of etophylline; dragees forte containing 60 mg of hexobendine, 100 mg of etamivan and 60 mg of etophylline; in ampoules containing 10 mg of hexobendine, 50 mg of etamivan and 100 mg of etophylline.

Storage conditions.

CAVINTON

Synonyms: Vinpocetine, Inex.

Cavinton is a semi-synthetic derivative of the alkaloid devincan, contained in the periwinkle plant (Vinca minor L. and Vinca erecta Rgl. et Schmalth.); family Kutrovye (Arosupaceae).

Pharmacological action. Cavinton dilates brain vessels, increases blood flow, improves oxygen supply to the brain, and also promotes glucose utilization. By inhibiting (suppressing) phosphodiesterase, the drug leads to the accumulation of cAMP in tissues; reduces platelet aggregation (sticking together). There is only a slight decrease in systemic blood pressure.

The vasodilating effect of Cavinton is associated with a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscles. The drug enhances the metabolism (exchange) of norepinephrine and serotonin in brain tissue, reduces pathologically increased blood viscosity, and promotes deformability (increased plasticity) of red blood cells.

Indications for use. Used for neurological and mental disorders associated with cerebral circulatory disorders (after a stroke, post-traumatic, atherosclerotic origin); for memory disorders, dizziness, aphasia (speech impairment), etc.; with hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure), vasovegetative symptoms (impaired vascular tone) during menopause, etc.

In ophthalmological practice, Cavinton is prescribed for atherosclerotic and angiospastic (associated with a sharp narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels) changes in the mesh and choroid eyes, degenerative changes(with disruption of tissue structure) macular spot(the most sensitive area of ​​the retina), secondary glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure) associated with partial thrombosis (blockage) of blood vessels, etc.

It is also effective for hearing loss of vascular or toxic (medicinal) origin and dizziness of labyrinthine origin (associated with a disorder of the vestibular apparatus).

Method of administration and dose. Take orally in the form of tablets (5 mg each), 12 tablets 3 times a day. Maintenance dose - 1 tablet 3 times a day. Use for a long time. Improvement is usually observed after 1-2 weeks; course of treatment is about 2 months. and more.

Intravenously (drip only) is used in neurological practice for acute focal ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation (discrepancy between the need of brain tissue for oxygen and its delivery with blood), in the absence of hemorrhage

(cerebral hemorrhages). First, 10-20 mg (1-2 ampoules) are administered in 500-1000 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution (drip infusion). If necessary, repeat (3 times a day) slow drip infusions are prescribed, then switch to taking the drug orally.

There is evidence of the use of Cavinton for the prevention of convulsive syndrome in children who have suffered brain injury. The drug is administered intravenously by drip at a rate of 8-10 mg/kg per day in a 5% glucose solution with a transition after 2-3 weeks. for oral administration at 0.5-1 mg/kg per day.

Side effect. Cavinton is usually well tolerated. When administered intravenously, hypotension (low blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) are possible.

Contraindications. Severe ischemic heart disease, severe arrhythmias (heart rhythm disturbances); not used during pregnancy. It is not recommended to prescribe the drug for labile (unstable) blood pressure and low vascular tone.

The injection solution is incompatible with heparin. Do not inject the solution under the skin.

Release form. Tablets of 0.005 g (5 mg) in a package of 50 pieces; 0.5% solution in ampoules of 2 ml (10 mg).

Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light.

XANTHINOL NICOTINATE (Xantinoli nicotinas)

Synonyms: Teonicol, Complamin, Xavin, Sadamin, Angioamine, Complamex, Contamex, Megemin, Vedrin, etc.

Pharmacological action. Improves cerebral circulation, reduces the phenomena of cerebral hypoxia (insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain). The drug increases cerebral blood flow and improves metabolic (metabolic) processes of the brain in the postoperative period after removal of brain tumors, brain contusions, etc.

Dilates peripheral vessels, improves collateral circulation (bypassing the affected artery), enhances oxidative phosphorylation and ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) synthesis.

Indications for use. Atherosclerotic disorders of cerebral circulation. Obliterating endarteritis (inflammation of the inner lining of the arteries of the extremities with a decrease in their lumen) in the vessels of the lower extremities, Raynaud's disease (narrowing of the lumen of the vessels of the extremities), acute arterial thrombosis (blockage of the lumen of the arteries), diabetic retinopathy (damage to the walls of the retinal vessels associated with increased sugar content in blood), retinopathy (non-inflammatory damage to the retina), acute thrombophlebitis of the superficial and deep veins (inflammation of the vein wall with blockage) and postthrombophlebitis syndrome (a condition after restoration of blood flow through a blocked vein), trophic ulcers limbs, Meniere's syndrome (attacks of dizziness when the inner ear is damaged), dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), to increase cerebral circulation.

Method of administration and dose. Inside, intramuscularly or intravenously. In tablets of 0.15 g 3 times a day, if necessary, the dose is increased to 0.3-0.6 g 3 times a day. Take after meals without chewing. The course of treatment is at least 2 months.

Intramuscularly, 0.3 g (2 ml of 15% solution) 1-3 times a day with a gradual increase in dose to 0.6-0.9 g (4-6 ml of 15% solution) 2-3 times a day. Duration of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

For acute blockage of blood vessels or hemorrhage into the brain, inject intravenously (very slowly)

0.3 g 1-2 times a day for 5-10 days. Can be administered intravenously at a rate of 40-50 drops per minute. To do this, 1.5 g (10 ml of a 15% solution) is diluted in 200-500 ml of a 5% glucose solution or in 200 ml of an isotonic sodium chloride solution, administered dropwise over a period of 2-4 hours up to 4 times a day. Course duration is 5-10 days.

Side effect. Dizziness, fever, tingling and redness of the skin of the upper body, especially the head and neck.

Contraindications. Heart failure stage II-III, acute heart attack myocardium, acute hemorrhages (bleeding), the first 3 months. pregnancy.

Release form. Tablets of 0.15 g in a package of 60 pieces; ampoules of 2 ml of 15% solution in a package of 10 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light.

MEXIDOL (Mexidolum)

Pharmacological action. Mexidol is an inhibitor of free radical processes (/antioxidant/drug that prevents lipid peroxidation of cell membranes), but has a more pronounced antihypoxic (increasing tissue resistance to lack of oxygen) effect.

Mexidol has a wide spectrum of biological activity. It is effective when different types hypoxia (with insufficient oxygen supply to the tissue or impaired absorption). The drug increases the body's resistance to oxygen-dependent pathological conditions (shock, cerebrovascular accidents, etc.), improves mnestic functions (memory processes), reduces the toxic effects (damaging effects) of alcohol, etc.

Indications for use. Mexidol is proposed for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accidents, dyscirculatory encephalopathy (a brain disease caused by a chronic cerebral circulatory disorder), vegetative-vascular dystonia (impaired vascular tone due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system), atherosclerotic disorders of brain function, to relieve withdrawal symptoms (to relieve the condition resulting from a sudden cessation of taking drugs or alcohol) in alcoholism and drug addiction, in other conditions accompanied by tissue hypoxia.

Method of administration and dose. Mexidol is used intramuscularly or intravenously (stream or drip). The drug is recommended to be administered as a stream to relieve withdrawal symptoms and vegetative and sympathoadrenal paroxysms (a sharp increase in the concentration of adrenal hormones / adrenaline / in the blood), and as a drip for acute cerebrovascular accidents.

When administered intravenously, it is recommended to use sterile water for injection as a solvent. Mexidol is administered in a stream over 5-7 minutes, and dropwise at a rate of 60 drops per minute. Doses are prescribed individually.

Begin treatment with a dose of 100 mg 1-3 times a day, gradually increasing the dose until a therapeutic effect is obtained. The duration of treatment and the choice of individual dose depend on the severity of the patient’s condition and the effectiveness of treatment. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 800 mg.

For the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accident (stroke), Mexidol is prescribed intravenously at a dose of 200-300 mg in the first 2-4 days, and then intramuscularly at a dose of 100 mg 3 times a day.

Patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy and vegetative-vascular dystonia the drug is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 50-100 mg 3 times a day.

At withdrawal syndrome Mexidol is administered at a dose of 100-200 mg intramuscularly 2-3 times a day or intravenously (drip) 1-2 times a day, and for neurotic and neurosis-like disorders it is prescribed intramuscularly at a dose of 50-400 mg per day.

For the treatment of atherosclerotic dementia in elderly patients, Mexidol is used intramuscularly at a dose of 100-300 mg per day.

In case of acute neuroleptic intoxication (poisoning with neuroleptics), the drug is used intravenously in a dose of 50-300 mg per day.

Side effect. Mexidol is usually well tolerated. Some patients may experience nausea and dry mouth.

Contraindications. The drug is contraindicated in cases of severe dysfunction of the liver and kidneys, or in the presence of a history (medical history) of an allergy to pyridoxine (vitamin B6).

Release form. 5% solution in ampoules of 2 ml.

Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light.

NIMODIPINE

Synonyms: Nimotop.

Pharmacological action. Belongs to the group of calcium ion antagonists and has the basic properties characteristic of these drugs. However specific feature Nimodipine is its predominant effect on the blood supply to the brain, the ability to reduce the resistance of resistant vessels (arterioles) of the brain, improve cerebral circulation, and reduce hypoxic (associated with lack of oxygen) phenomena.

Indications for use. Nimodipine is used as a preventive and therapeutic agent for ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation (a discrepancy between the need of brain tissue for oxygen and its delivery through the blood).

Method of administration and dose. Nimodipine is prescribed immediately after the onset of acute ischemia (subarchnoid hemorrhage /bleeding under the membranes of the brain/) and treatment is continued for 5-14 days. In the first 2 hours, adults are administered intravenously (as a slow infusion) 0.001 g (1 mg) of nimodipine (5 ml of 0.02% solution) 2 times per hour. After 2 hours, increase the dose to 2 mg (10 ml) in 1 hour (about 30 mcg/kg per hour), monitoring hemodynamics to avoid too sharp a decrease in blood pressure. For administration (preferably using a perfusion pump), the solution is diluted in isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution.

Preventively prescribed orally in the form of tablets (30 mg) - every 4 hours, 2 tablets (total 360 mg per day). Take from the 4th day of hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) for 21 days.

For patients weighing less than 70 kg and labile (frequently changing) blood pressure, the drug should be administered starting with reduced doses (0.5 mg per hour).

Side effect. With intravenous administration, hypotension (low blood pressure) may develop; when taken orally, headache, nausea and other dyspeptic symptoms (digestive disorders) are also possible.

Contraindications. The drug should not be administered orally at the same time as its infusion. Not recommended for use during pregnancy. Caution should be exercised in case of cerebral edema and acute increase intracranial pressure, as well as in case of impaired renal function.

Release form. Tablets of 0.03 g (30 mg) in a package of 20; 50 or 100 pieces; 0.02% solution in vials or polyethylene (not polyvinyl chloride to avoid interaction) packages of 50 ml (total 10 mg) for infusion.

Storage conditions. List B. In a cool place.

NICERGOLINE (Nicergoline)

Synonyms: Sermion, Nicotergoline, Dazovaz, Dospan, Ergotop, Physilax, Nargolin, Nimergoline, Sinskleron, Varsan, Niceline.

Pharmacological action. Belongs to the group of alpha-blockers. Reduces the tone of cerebral and peripheral vessels. Reduces cerebrovascular resistance (resistance of blood vessels in the brain) and increases cerebral blood flow. Activates metabolism in the brain.

Indications for use. Spicy and chronic disorders cerebral circulation, especially in early stages(vascular and metabolic disorders; cerebral atherosclerosis; consequences of thrombosis - blockage of blood vessels in the brain); prevention of migraine and vascular headache; maintenance treatment for high blood pressure.

Method of administration and dose. Take nicergoline orally before meals in the form of tablets of 0.01 g (10 mg) 3 times a day. Treatment is carried out for a long time (2-3 months or more, depending on the severity of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment and tolerability). The effect develops gradually.

Intramuscularly, 2-4 mg is distributed over 1-2 injections per day. Intravenously 4-8 mg in 100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Methods of administration, doses and time of therapy depend on the individual patient's characteristics. Intra-arterially, 4 mg in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution over 2 minutes. The solution, ready for injection, can be stored at room temperature for up to 48 hours.

Side effects and contraindications. See page 110.

Release form. Powder in bottles of 4 mg and ampoules with solvent of 4 ml; tablets of 0.01 g in a package of 30 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dark place.

THEOBROMINE (Theobrominum)

Synonyms: Theosten, Tezal.

An alkaloid extracted from the husk of cocoa seeds (Semina Cacao).

Pharmacological action. It has a stimulating effect on cardiac activity, slightly dilates the coronary (heart) vessels and bronchi, and increases urination. The diuretic (diuretic) effect is associated primarily with a decrease in tubular reabsorption (reabsorption in the kidneys) of water, sodium and chloride ions. Theobromine causes mild stimulation of the central nervous system.

Indications for use. It is used mainly for mild spasms (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of cerebral vessels, sometimes for edema due to heart and kidney failure.

Method of administration and dose. Orally 0.25-0.5 g 1-2 times a day.

Side effect. Weak stimulation of the central nervous system.

Contraindications. Gout, peptic ulcer of the stomach (an ulcer that develops as a result of the destructive action of gastric juice to the mucous membrane).

Release form. Powder; tablets 0.25 g.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dry place, protected from light.

TABLETS "THEMINAL" (Tabulettae "Theminalum")

A combination drug containing theobromine, amidopyrine and phenobarbital.

Indications for use. It is used as an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) agent for spasms (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of cerebral vessels, migraines, and initial forms of angina.

Method of administration and dose.

Release form. Tablets containing theobromine and amidopyrine - 0.25 g each and phenobarbital - 0.02 g, in a package of 10 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dry place, protected from light.

TABLETS "THEOVERINE" (Tabulettae "Theoverinum")

A combined drug containing theobromine, papaverine hydrochloride and barbamyl.

The pharmacological action is due to the properties of its constituent components.

Indications for use. It is used as a vasodilator and antispasmodic (relieving spasms) for spasms (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of cerebral vessels, migraines, the initial form of hypertensive heart disease (persistent increase in blood pressure) and angina pectoris.

Method of administration and dose. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.

Release form. Tablets containing theobromine - 0.25 g, papaverine hydrochloride - 0.03 g and barbamyl - 0.075 g, in a package of 10 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dry place, protected from light.

"TEODIBAVERIN" TABLETS. (Tabulettae "Theodibaverinum")

A combined drug containing theobromine, papaverine hydrochloride and dibazole.

The pharmacological action is due to the properties of its constituent components.

Indications for use. As a vasodilator and antispasmodic (relieving spasms) agent for hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure).

Method of administration and dose. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.

Release form. Tablets containing theobromine - 0.15 g, papaverine hydrochloride and dibazole - 0.02 g each, in a package of 10 pieces.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dry place, protected from light.

Theobromine is also included in menopausal medications, neoclimastilbene, theophedrine tablets, theophedrine N tablets, and tepaphylline tablets.

FLUNARIZIN

Synonyms: Flunarizine hydrochloride, Sibelium, Amalium, Flufenal, Flugeral, Flunagen, Flunar, Flurpax, Fluxarten, Nabratin, Niflucan, Nomigran, Vasculoflex, Vertix.

Pharmacological action. Like cinnarizine, flunarizine blocks calcium channels. The drug relaxes smooth muscles (muscles of blood vessels and internal organs), improves cerebral circulation and oxygen supply to the brain; reduces vestibular disorders (impaired coordination of movements). Has antihistamine activity. It has an anticonvulsant effect and reduces the frequency of seizures in epilepsy.

Indications for use. Particularly effective for dizziness associated with brain disorders

blood circulation (vertigo), vestibular disorders and for migraines.

Method of administration and dose. Well absorbed when taken orally; has a long half-life, which allows it to be taken once a day.

For the prevention of migraine, or vertigo, cerebrovascular accidents and vestibular disorders, adults are prescribed 0.01 g (10 mg) per day, children weighing up to 40 kg - 0.005 g (5 mg) per day.

In epilepsy, flunarizine is recommended mainly as an additional agent in cases of resistance to conventional anticonvulsants. Adults are given 0.015-0.02 g (15-20 mg) per day, and children weighing up to 40 kg - 0.005-0.01 g (5-10 mg) per day. Due to the presence hypnotic effect Flunarizine is recommended to be taken before bedtime.

Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated. May cause drowsiness, weight gain, extrapyramidal phenomena (impaired coordination of movements with a decrease in their volume and tremors) (especially in elderly patients with long-term use).

Contraindications. Be careful when prescribing it to patients whose work requires quick physical and mental reactions.

Release form. Tablets of 0.005 and 0.01 g (5 and 10 mg); capsules containing 5 mg flunarizine.

Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light.

Cinnarizine

Synonyms: Stugeron, Stutgeron, Cinniprin, Dimitronal, Glamil, Labyrin, Marizan, Midronal, Mitronal.

Pharmacological action. According to modern data, pharmacological properties cinnarizine is largely due to its ability to block membrane calcium channels (see Calcium ion antagonists). It inhibits (suppresses) the entry of calcium ions into cells.

Cinnarizine has a positive effect on cerebral, peripheral and coronary (heart) circulation; improves microcirculation. Increases the ability of red blood cells to deform (increase plasticity) and reduces increased blood viscosity. Increases tissue resistance to hypoxia (insufficient supply of oxygen to tissues or impaired absorption of oxygen).

The drug has a direct antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect on blood vessels, reduces their response to biogenic vasoconstrictors. Potentiates (strengthens) the effect of CO2 (carbon monoxide) on brain vessels. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate, contractility and cardiac conductivity are not significantly affected.

The drug also has antihistamine activity. Reduces the excitability of the vestibular apparatus (brain structures responsible for coordinating movements), suppresses nystagmus (involuntary movements of the eyeballs).

Indications for use. As a cerebrovascular (affecting the blood vessels of the brain) drug is prescribed for cerebral circulatory disorders associated with spasm (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of blood vessels, atherosclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. The drug reduces cerebroasthenic phenomena (weakening of brain function), headache, tinnitus, improves general condition.

Cinnarizine is prescribed for migraines and Meniere's disease (disease of the inner ear).

Cinnarizine is also used to reduce spasms of peripheral vessels and improve blood circulation in obliterating endarteritis (inflammation of the inner lining of the arteries of the extremities with a decrease in their lumen), thromboangiitis (inflammation of the arterial wall

rium with their blockage), Raynaud's disease (narrowing of the lumen of the vessels of the extremities), acrocyanosis (blue discoloration of the tips of the fingers, lips, nose) and other disorders of peripheral circulation.

Method of administration and dose. Cinnarizine is taken orally after meals: for cerebrovascular accidents - usually 25 mg (1 tablet) 3 times a day or 75 mg (1 capsule) 1 time a day; for peripheral circulatory disorders - 50-75 mg (2-3 tablets) 3 times a day or 2-3 capsules (75 mg each) per day. The drug is used for a relatively long time (courses from several weeks to several months).

Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated, sometimes mild drowsiness, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disorders; in these cases

reduce the dose. In some elderly patients, extrapyramidal symptoms appear (or intensify) (impaired coordination of movements with a decrease in their volume and tremors).

Cinnarizine enhances the effect of sedatives (drugs that have a calming effect on the central nervous system) and alcohol. The possibility of a sedative effect of the drug (especially in the first days of treatment) should be taken into account when prescribing it to transport drivers and other persons whose work requires a quick mental and physical reaction.

Release form. Tablets of 0.025 g (25 mg) in a package of 50 pieces; capsules of 75 mg of cinnarizine (stugeron forte) in packages of 20 and 60 pieces, as well as in the form of drops in 20 ml bottles containing 75 mg of cinnarizine.

Storage conditions. List B. In a dark place at room temperature.

The normal functioning of the brain directly depends on blood circulation in the vessels and capillaries. Together with blood, this vital organ is supplied nutrients and oxygen. IN healthy body regulation of cerebral blood flow is carried out independently and does not require other interventions. However, due to a number of reasons, at any age, blood circulation can deteriorate, which leads to a decrease in mental abilities, reaction speed and thinking. To treat this condition, the doctor prescribes medications to improve memory and normalize cerebral circulation. There is an extensive list similar drugs, each of which must be selected by a specialist.

• Show all

  Who are these medications indicated for?

  Medicines that improve blood circulation in the brain are used in different age groups population. They make it possible to normalize the functioning of the brain in infants after birth herbs and intrauterine oxygen starvation. In children school age a problem in the blood supply to the blood vessels of the brain may appear as a result of increased stress from the educational process.

  The main signs of poor circulation in the brain are dizziness, pain in the head, cramps and numbness of the limbs, tinnitus or a feeling of “stuffiness” in the ear canals. Many people experience periodic hot flashes or chills, nausea and vomiting. Over time, there is a decrease in mental abilities and performance, hearing and vision impairment.

  Cerebral circulation disorders are often detected in adults exposed to severe stress and nervous overstrain.Besides this, medicines, which improve vascular nutrition, are used for:

  • Atherosclerosis.
  • Osteochondrosis.
  • Thrombosis.

  In old age, the risk of cerebrovascular accident increases several times. In older people, impaired blood flow is most often caused by blockage of blood vessels with cholesterol, hypertension, scoliosis and osteochondrosis. If left untreated, a person may face life-threatening conditions such as stroke or brain tumors.

  Drug groups

  It is necessary to take medications when the first clinical signs of cerebral circulation disorders appear. All medications to improve blood flow in the brain are divided into 3 groups:

  • Vasodilators (dilate blood vessels).
  • Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (prevent thrombus formation).
  • Nootropics.

  The choice of the required group of drugs is determined by the attending physician individually after examining the body and setting accurate diagnosis. Self-medication can be not only ineffective, but also fatal. All medications have contraindications and can cause side effects.

  

  Vasodilators

  Vasodilators increase blood flow to brain tissue and act on cellular level. They improve mental abilities due to stimulation of metabolism and metabolic processes in brain cells. They can be used both regularly and as needed during exacerbation of diseases of the cardiovascular system. Vasodilators are divided into several types based on their mechanism of action and composition. These include:

  • Calcium antagonists.
  • Alkaloids.
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
  • Adrenergic blockers.

  Calcium antagonists relax the cerebral arteries without directly affecting the tone of the veins. These are some of the most common drugs used to correct vascular disorders throughout the body. These include:

  • Isoptin.
  • Finoptin.
  • Cordafen.
  • Lomir.
  • Lacipil.
  • Clentiazem.
  • Cinnarizine.
  • Nimodipine.

  Calcium antagonists are often prescribed for cerebral atherosclerosis. Before using them, you must visit a neurologist and cardiologist. They are usually prescribed as permanent medication, the use of which is indicated throughout life.

  Preparations based on alkaloids have a gentle effect and a minimum number of contraindications. garden plant- periwinkle. They act as an antispasmodic, which relaxes the blood vessels of the brain. Provide nerve cells normal nutrition and improve metabolic processes in the brain. The best alkaloid-based drugs are:

  • Vinpocetine.
  • Cavinton.
  • Bravinton.
  • Telektol.

  Preparations based on Gingko biloba extract help improve blood circulation. They strengthen veins and arteries, destroy free radicals and relieve vascular spasms. The most common herbal medicines are Tanakan, Bilobil and Ginkor Fort. They can be used without a doctor's prescription.

  Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are used in acute heart failure and in the period after stroke. They are strictly prescribed by the attending physician and their use must be carried out under the supervision of medical staff. The most known remedy of this group – Papaverine. Adrenergic blockers have similar properties and their use is relevant after myocardial infarction, for cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension.

  

  Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

  In acute cerebrovascular accidents, the use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants is indicated. Their action is to reduce viscosity and improve blood fluidity. They prevent the formation of blood clots and are sometimes prescribed to prevent strokes and heart attacks. For chronic cardiovascular diseases tablets are used regularly in small dosages. To the very known drugs this group includes:

  • Tiklid.
  • Plavix.
  • Chimes.
  • Trental.

  The tablets must be prescribed by a doctor, as they may cause side effects. These include allergic reactions, difficulty breathing, joint and abdominal pain, indigestion. During treatment, patients must undergo regular blood tests to monitor blood clotting.

  Nootropics

  Nootropic drugs help normalize metabolism in brain cells, improve memory and cognitive function. This is the most common group of medications that can be used healthy people to improve mental performance and prevent fatigue and depressive states.Other indications for the use of nootropics include:

  • Senile dementia (dementia).
  • Prevention of ischemic strokes.
  • Vegetative-vascular dystonia.
  • Memory impairment.
  • Deterioration in concentration and speed of thinking.

  Nootropics have a mild sedative, psychostimulating, antiasthenic, antidepressant and antiepileptic effect. They affect higher cortical functions and improve thinking, attention and speech. Their use helps to increase clarity of consciousness and level of wakefulness. Nootropics do not cause addiction or psychomotor agitation. List of drugs in this group:

  • Piracetam. The most common drug for improving cerebral circulation in the form of capsules, tablets and ampoules for injection. Can be used by children from 1 year of age. Indicated for memory impairment, absent-mindedness, speech disorders, depression, frequent headaches and dizziness. Side effects of the drug include irritability, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Analogues of the product include Lutsetam, Biotropil, Nootropil.
  • Pramiracetam. Improves the ability to learn and remember. It does not have a sedative effect and does not affect the autonomic nervous system. The effect can be noticed only after 1-1.5 months from the start of use. Contraindicated during pregnancy. Analog – Pramistar.
  • Vinpocetine. Helps improve blood flow in cerebral vessels. Widely used in neurology and ophthalmology. Treatment is carried out in courses of 1 month. May cause a decrease in blood pressure. Analogues - Cavinton, Neurovin, Vinpocetine, Vicebrol.
  • Phenibut. Indicated for cerebral circulatory disorders accompanied by neuroses, insomnia, asthenia and dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus. The medicine normalizes metabolism in tissues, saturates cells with oxygen and improves blood circulation. The course of treatment is from a month. Analogues are Bifren, Noofen and Noobut.
  • Hopantenic acid. Available in tablet form. Helps reduce motor excitability, normalizes behavioral reactions and activates mental activity. The drug is used in courses of 1 month.
  • Pyritinol. For adults it is available in the form of tablets, for children - suspensions. It has a pronounced neuroprotective effect, increases the brain’s resistance to hypoxia and stabilizes cell membranes. Effective for asthenia, depressive disorders and vegetative-vascular dystonia. Rarely causes side effects.
  • Glycine. The safest drug for improving metabolic processes in muscles and brain tissue. Used for improvement brain activity, normalization of sleep and psycho-emotional state. The drug can be included in treatment regimens for stroke, consequences of traumatic brain injuries, and poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances.
  • Cerebrolysin. Available only in injection form. Improves metabolic processes in the brain. Used for diseases accompanied by dysfunction of the nervous system, after brain surgery, and for retardation mental development in children.
  • Actovegin. Indications for use include cerebrovascular insufficiency, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. It is usually well tolerated and does not cause side effects. Can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The human body is a complex mechanism in which each organ and system supports the work of the other. Feeding oxygen, cleansing the body, and maintaining proper operation all its organs are produced with the help of blood.

All processes of the body, both conscious and reflexive, are controlled by our brain. And proper brain function, elimination of fatigue toxins and oxygen nutrition are achieved with the help of the liver, heart and lungs.

Brain activity

The brain controls the following groups of body functions:

• regulating the correct operation and execution of all physical and chemical processes in the body;
• control of consciousness and subconsciousness, regulation of the body’s defenses;
• management and control of the functioning of the senses;
• management of emotions and emotional processes.

Brain circulation

Improper functioning of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and liver leads to impaired circulation of the entire body, including the brain. This process leads to oxygen starvation, which causes many diseases, deterioration of the immune system, and weakening of the body as a whole. In addition, oxygen deprivation causes strokes and death of brain cells, which leads to premature aging and death.

Coordinated work pharmaceutical companies and scientists, led to the emergence of drugs that can combat problems with blood circulation in the brain and improper functioning of blood vessels.

By influencing the walls of blood vessels, as well as the platelets of the body, the drugs tone, expand and cleanse the circulatory system of the brain. Most drugs to improve blood circulation are made based on the following:

• nicotinic acid, which dilates blood vessels;
• calcium antagonists are used to relax the arteries and reduce pressure on the vessel walls;
• plant alkaloids that tone the circulatory system.

Many types of drugs to improve cerebral circulation are sold without a prescription because they do not contain prohibited substances. But some dangerous drugs cannot be purchased without the consent of doctors, since their improper use is dangerous to health.

The online store offers you high-quality drugs at the lowest prices. With the help of such a store you save time, effort and money. In addition, the cost of drugs in an online store is calculated without taking into account the seller’s salary and transportation costs.

Blood circulation in the brain may be impaired by various reasons. The development of the disease can be caused by traumatic brain injuries, systemic pathologies, exposure to toxic compounds, physical and psycho-emotional stress, as well as various types of damage to the cerebral vessels.

Blood vessels can be damaged as a result of severe osteochondrosis, leading to their mechanical compression. Common causes of cerebrovascular accidents also include hypertension, atherosclerotic lesions of blood vessels and the formation of blood clots in them that block the lumen.

We recommend reading:

Currently, pharmacologists offer a range of medicines, allowing to normalize blood flow in the so-called. "brain pool".

Table of contents:

The main types of medications that help improve cerebral circulation

Preventive and curative measures you need to start taking it as soon as the first ones appear clinical signs, indicating problems with cerebral circulation. The further development of pathologies very often causes severe consequences, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, as well as dementia, i.e. dementia. Many complications can pose a serious threat not only to the health, but also to the life of the patient.

The main groups of drugs for restoring normal blood circulation in the central nervous system:

• vasodilators (vasodilators);
• anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (to prevent thrombosis);

Which drugs are indicated in each specific case can only be determined by a qualified specialist after a detailed history collection and a comprehensive examination of the patient. The doctor determines treatment tactics and identifies optimal single and daily dosages of medications.

Important:self-medication for problems with blood supply to the brain is not only ineffective, but also deadly!

Vasodilators for cerebrovascular accidents

Medicines of this clinical and pharmacological group provide an increase in blood flow to the brain tissues, which helps prevent hypoxia at the cellular level. Normal blood flow also provides the cells of the central nervous system with adequate amounts of vital compounds.

Vasodilators improve the functional activity of the brain by stimulating metabolism and energy metabolism in brain cells.

Calcium antagonists used for circulatory disorders in the brain

Pharmacological agents in this category have been successfully used for many years to improve blood circulation in the central nervous system. Currently, work is underway to create third-generation calcium antagonists. The drugs promote relaxation of the muscular vascular walls, due to which the lumen of the arteries expands and the volume of blood flowing to the tissues increases. Calcium antagonists have no effect on the muscular elements of the veins.

These drugs can have a systemic effect on the body, so they should be prescribed with extreme caution, and only after a thorough and comprehensive examination of the patient. Daily and single dosages, as well as the total duration of course therapy are determined only by the attending physician.

Some first generation Sa antagonists:

• dihydropyridines (Cordipine, Nifedipine);
• benzothiazapines (Dilacor);
• phenylalkylamines (Verapamil).

The second generation of drugs used for circulatory disorders in the brain:

• dihydropyridines (Felodipine, Isradipine, Nifedipine GITS, Nasoldipine);
• benzothiazapines (Clentiazem, Diltiazem SR);
• phenylalkylamines (Verapamil SR).

Preparations whose main active ingredients are phytocomponents are characterized by relative safety. As a rule, they have relatively few contraindications. Herbal preparations help prevent disorders of cerebral blood flow, and are widely used for the treatment of already diagnosed pathologies.

Some products in this group are approved for over-the-counter dispensing from pharmacies. They can be used independently, but only after consulting with a therapist and carefully reading the annotation.

Please note:The biologically active ingredients of the most common herbal remedies for normalizing cerebral blood supply are alkaloids from the plants Ginkgo Biloba and Periwinkle.

Remedies from the alkaloid Vinca

Biologically active ingredient These herbal remedies are characterized by an antispasmodic effect. The plant alkaloid helps normalize cellular metabolism and prevents the formation of blood clots in the vessels of the central nervous system.

The most common drugs in this category used for cerebrovascular disorders include:

• Cavinton;
• Vinpocetine;
• Bravinton.

Important:Taking Cavinton and Vinpocetine is allowed only on the recommendation of a doctor, since only a competent specialist can determine the most appropriate route of administration and duration of course therapy in a particular case. A preliminary examination of the patient is required.

Medicines for cerebrovascular disorders from Ginkgo Biloba

The alkaloid of this plant has a complex effect. Healing preparations based on are characterized by pronounced antispasmodic effect. They are able to reduce tissue swelling, as well as increase the permeability of the walls of blood vessels and at the same time increase their elasticity. These products help normalize microcirculation. They are also powerful antioxidants, protecting the brain from negative influence free radicals at the cellular level.

The most effective herbal remedies from Ginkgo Biloba include:

• Ginkgo Biloba S;
• Tanakan;
• Doppelgerz Ginkgo Biloba Plus.

The duration of the therapeutic course for cerebrovascular accidents is usually 3 months or more, since the therapeutic effect develops gradually. Positive changes are observed 1 month after the start of treatment.

During the period of treatment with products based on the mentioned plants, you should not simultaneously consume drugs that “thin” the blood (including - acetylsalicylic acid), since there is a possibility of hemorrhage.

Medicines that strengthen vascular walls

A number of drugs and biologically active additives serve to restore the elasticity of vascular walls.

Most effective drugs based on vitamin P, used for cerebrovascular accidents, are:

• Blueberry Forte;
• Ascorutin.

Potassium, silicon, selenium and other compounds in required quantities present in the following dietary supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes:

• Microhydrin;
• Greenwit;
• Nootropic.

Dihydroquercetin, which improves the condition of vascular walls, is contained in such drugs as:

• Dihydroquercetin Plus;
• Flucol;
• Flavit.

Please note:complexes containing vitamins and microelements, as well as dietary supplements that have a preventive effect, can be taken without the recommendation of a therapist, but only after carefully reading the instructions.

Antiplatelet drugs are prescribed to improve the rheological properties of blood, i.e., reducing its viscosity. These drugs are indicated if there is a risk of transient cerebral circulation disorders (in common parlance - micro-strokes) or if the patient has an increased tendency to thrombus formation. The drugs make it possible to prevent the development of such a formidable complication as.

To improve blood flow, the following antiplatelet agents may be recommended:

Important:antiplatelet agents are prescribed by the attending physician for cerebrovascular disorders after studying the data laboratory research, patient blood tests.

Anticoagulants serve to reduce blood clotting and restore microcirculation in small vessels.

If indicated, the patient may be prescribed the following anticoagulants:

• Heparin;
• Warfarin;
• Fragmin;
• Clexane.

To avoid dangerous complications(bleeding), during a course of using drugs in this category, patients with cerebral circulatory disorders should periodically donate blood “for biochemistry”, and the doctor should examine the coagulogram of such patients.

Important:with the development of complications such as vomiting with blood, black feces, which are highly likely to indicate the presence of bleeding in the upper sections Gastrointestinal tract, as well as when hematomas (bruises) appear various localizations You should seek immediate medical attention.

Drugs belonging to this clinical and pharmacological group improve metabolism in brain cells, increase their resistance to hypoxia and improve memory and cognitive functions. Nootropics help improve mental performance, prevent fatigue and the onset of depression. They are powerful antioxidants and adaptogens. A number of drugs in this category are produced from animal tissue; they contain natural amino acids.

The most effective nootropic drugs prescribed for cerebrovascular disorders are:

Nootropics are indicated for the treatment of dementia (dementia) of vascular origin, ischemic strokes, vegetative-vascular dystonia, memory impairment, deterioration in the ability to concentrate, alcoholic encephalopathy and many other diseases and pathological conditions caused by circulatory disorders in the brain.

To improve cerebral circulation, taking vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) preparations is often recommended. This biologically active compound does not have a significant effect on large blood vessels, but promotes the expansion of capillaries.

Vitamin PP allows you to lower the level of so-called. "bad cholesterol", i.e. cholesterol carried by low-density lipoproteins, and reduce the fragility of the walls of blood vessels.

The most common drugs based on nicotinic acid for cerebrovascular disorders:

• Nicotinic acid;
• Acipimox;
• Nikoshpan.

Important: With Self-medication is strictly prohibited. Injections of the solution (carried out in courses) are carried out under the supervision of the attending physician. As acute symptoms of cerebral blood supply insufficiency are relieved, vitamin PP can be prescribed to the patient in the form of tablets for oral administration for long-term maintenance therapy.

Lotin Alexander, medical columnist