In the early childhood In children from 3 to 7 years old, the first symptoms of a disease called mumps may appear. Girls get sick much less often than boys. Infection occurs through contact with a sick person. Shared toys, utensils, everything that is passed from one to another. People who have had mumps receive lasting immunity for life.

The occurrence of the disease mumps, caused by exposure to paramyxovirus. It occurs in an acute form. Children are exposed to fever, intoxication, salivary glands noticeably increase in size. Without timely medical care, mumps can affect the central nervous system, as well as other internal organs.

The virus penetrates inside and affects the mucous membrane oral cavity, nose and nasopharynx. The incubation period is from 2 to 12 days after infection.

The carrier of the disease is a person in a state where the form of the disease is pronounced. Human infection occurs within the first two days after contact with an infected person, then mumps symptoms appear.

Routes of infection

The viral disease is transmitted by airborne droplets when an infected person is nearby. Toys and dishes, having visited the patient, also become carriers of the disease. People who have not previously been exposed to the virus have a very high chance of becoming infected, especially children. Boys get mumps more often than girls, and this disease manifests itself based on the current season: in the fall it is almost impossible to get infected, but in the spring it worsens.

The spread of the virus begins from the tonsils, upper respiratory tract, and later moves to the salivary glands. Over time, when it appeared initial sign, the symptoms of mumps in children have become more noticeable, but there is no treatment, then the disease spreads to the central nervous system and other organs. Allergic reaction of the body, manifested in external changes in the face, may remain forever.

At first symptoms severe swelling appears and inflammatory process salivary glands located near the ears, extending to the area in front of the ears, cheeks, enlarges the face (it looks like a pig).

Symptoms

The initial 1-2 days after infection are accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Arises headache;
• The child or teenager is shivering and feels dry in the mouth;
• Muscles and joints hurt a lot.

Adults feel symptoms more strongly than children.

• Often body temperature increases to 40 degrees in a short period of time and does not decrease throughout the week;
• Headaches become unbearable;
• The person experiences severe chills;
• Weakness appears throughout the body.

Symptoms of mumps in adults and children are expressed by swelling located near ears, submandibular and sublingual glands. When pressing on the inflamed area, strong painful sensations, and as the disease progresses, the face becomes pear-shaped. The pain intensifies when a person eats food and is felt more strongly at night. This swelling subsides within a couple of days after it goes away. sharp pain, in adults the period lasts up to 14 days. The disease is not accompanied by a rash of the face or body.

Consequences

When the first symptoms of the disease are detected, parents should immediately seek medical help: the consequences are disastrous for the child and must be promptly treated. Piggy attracts terrible complications, and the consequences can be fatal:

• Arises acute inflammation pancreas;
• The work of the central nervous system;
• Pancreatitis appears;
• An acute form of serous meningitis occurs;
• Meningoencephalitis affects the baby's body;
• A child exposed to mumps has lesions in the middle ear, which can lead to complete deafness.

Illness in boys

Boys with mumps are at particular risk. How older child, the greater the likelihood of complications and the occurrence of pathologies, including infertility. After damage to the glands and nervous system, the disease in 20% of cases spreads to the male genital organs, destroying and affecting the spermatogenic epithelium of the testicles. The testicles become inflamed, the boy experiences unbearable pain in groin area, gonads. Severe redness, swelling and increase in testicular size are accompanied by pain, and soon spread to the second testicle, which leads to atrophy, dysfunction, and, as a consequence, infertility that cannot be treated.

Medicine is not able to offer options for getting rid of the pathology; doctors create conditions so that the disease does not spread further. Strict is required bed rest, careful care of the child in a separate room. To prevent pancreatitis, the baby is prescribed special diet. Without complications, the disease is cured in ten days.

The older the patient, the more difficult it is to get rid of viral disease. For a boy who has had mumps, not accompanied by orchitis, infertility will not occur and will not be a lifelong death sentence. The disease poses the greatest danger to adolescents during puberty. To avoid infection in the first year of life, as a preventive measure, vaccinations are given, repeated at the age of 6-7 years.

Disease in adults

The onset of the disease in adulthood is a rare occurrence, but once the disease is detected, complications cannot be avoided. At strong immunity a person will tolerate the disease more easily and undergo a course of treatment, but in any case, vaccination is necessary as early as early childhood. The symptoms of a disease that appears in an adult man or woman are no different from those in children: swelling of the ears, cheeks, neck, elevated temperature, pain. The functioning of the pancreas deteriorates and the genitals are affected. Doctors strongly do not recommend self-medication.

If there is deterioration in the area of ​​digestion, a person loses appetite, experiences acute sharp pain, diarrhea, vomiting. Complications in men manifest themselves in testicular atrophy, and for females it threatens strong changes and disturbances of the menstrual cycle.

It is dangerous for men over 30 years old to get mumps, as the form of the disease will be severe and complications, including orchitis, will greatly affect their health. Duration acute form illness accompanied by vomiting, fever up to 40 degrees and other manifestations is three, and in in rare cases and more than a week.

• When the central nervous system is damaged, the virus penetrates into the brain tissue, and the development of meningoencephalitis leads to partial or complete loss hearing;
• Irregularities at work reproductive organs occur in 30% of cases of infection in men, regardless of form. An adult feels high fever, swelling and pain in the area of ​​the reddened scrotum. If left untreated, the disease worsens, orchitis occurs, and the man loses the opportunity to become a father in the future;
• If it's inflamed thyroid gland encephalitis and meningitis are likely to occur.

Treatment methods

The entire treatment process, with the exception of complications, takes place at home. If the situation requires medical intervention, the patient is hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. Conditions are created at home to alleviate the condition of the infected person.

• Compresses are applied to the throat and cheeks, and a warm scarf is used for bandaging;
• The use of oil compresses is allowed. To create it, heat a couple of tablespoons of oil and soak a gauze bandage in the resulting solution. It is important to ensure that the liquid is not too hot, otherwise the skin can be burned;
• Gargle with water with previously added and thoroughly mixed soda. The proportions are: a teaspoon of soda per glass of warm water;
• Strict adherence to bed rest, from the first day until full recovery infected. If the rule is not followed, complications will arise that affect the patient’s condition as a whole;
• The patient must have his own set of dishes, cutlery, hygiene products, he needs to be placed in a separate room so that the virus does not spread to others.

Medical supplies

• To reduce the temperature, antipyretics are used: no-shpu, suprastin, analgin;
• If complications occur, consult a doctor. He prescribes a course of antibiotics to prevent purulent discharge;
• If the glands fester, the patient is immediately hospitalized with surgical intervention. The person is observed for ten days;
• To get rid of asthenia, intoxication, prescribe an appointment special drugs, as well as antihistamines;
• When a patient has heart problems, medications are prescribed to maintain and improve his condition and function.

Mumps, mumps, ear infections – spicy infectious disease accompanied by inflammation of the salivary (mainly parotid) glands, general intoxication, possible defeat other organs and the central nervous system.

Path of transmission.
Mumps pathogen– filtering virus, belong to paramyxoviruses.Source of infection is only human.
Mumps is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through airborne droplets when talking, sneezing, or coughing. Outside human body The mumps virus dies quickly, so mumps is usually not transmitted through people around the sick person or through things. However, infection can apparently occur through various objects salivated by the patient (dishes, toys), if they pass to healthy child and touches his mouth.

Mumps most often affects children aged 5 to 15 years. Adults can also get sick, but mostly young people (from 18 to 30 years old).
Incubation period– 11-30 days (usually 15-19 days).

Symptoms
The disease usually begins with general malaise, headache, and fever up to 38-39C.
Sometimes nosebleeds are observed, and in severe cases - vomiting and convulsions. After 2-3 days, swelling of the parotid salivary gland begins, usually on one side, and after 1-2 days on the other. The patient's face becomes characteristic appearance(which is where the name “Pig” comes from). Sometimes the disease also affects other salivary glands, submandibular and sublingual. A characteristic feature mumps is pain when chewing and opening the mouth. The greatest pain is observed when pressing behind the earlobe. The disease usually lasts 8-10 days. If other salivary glands are affected or if there is a complication, mumps may persist.

Complications.
Complications (more often in older children) include:

• Testicular inflammation in boys ,
• Inflammation of the ovaries in girls ,
• Defeats pancreas, thyroid, thymus glands,
• Inflammation lymphatic cervical nodes,
• Serous meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

In boys Testicular inflammation occurs more often than inflammation of the ovaries in girls.
Usually, first one and then the second testicle are affected. The area of ​​the inflamed testicle swells, the skin turns red and shiny, and the child is in pain. Parents should definitely examine the child’s testicles, since the child may not always be shy and not talk about it.
Treatment must be started immediately, otherwise it can lead to testicular atrophy, and subsequently to infertility. You cannot treat it yourself. Only by doctor's prescription. Before the doctor prescribes, you can give your child painkillers from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen, paracetamol. Warming compresses and ointments are prohibited. You can attach a bubble with cold water, but not for very long.

For acute pancreatitis girdling abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bowel disorders (constipation, sometimes diarrhea) appear. The stool contains residue undigested food. The tongue is coated with a whitish coating. If not timely treatment this can later lead to juvenile diabetes mellitus.

The most dangerous complication are Meningoencephalitis - inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord.
Symptoms are manifested by a sharp disturbance in the condition, headaches, stiffness of the neck muscles, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, deterioration of hearing and vision. There may be loss of consciousness and convulsions. Emergency needed medical care. The child is transferred to a hospital where meningitis is treated.

TREATMENT OF MUMPS.

Diet.
Exclude: white bread, pasta, fried and fatty, sour fruits and vegetables.
Necessary drinking plenty of fluids in the form of compotes, juices, tea.
Food is preferably dairy-vegetable - dairy products, cereals, pureed soups, vegetable purees, etc.

Treatment is carried out under supervision and as prescribed by a doctor:

• Bed rest,
• Diet (liquid and semi-liquid food),
• Vitamins,
• Oral care - rinsing with a solution boric acid, rivanol solution 1:1000, etc.,
• Apply heat to the affected glands (heating pads, dry heat, compresses, “blue light”, etc.).

Treatment for complications carried out accordingly this disease(meningitis, etc.).

• With orchitis prescribe: anti-inflammatory drugs, prednisolone or others corticosteroids.
• For meningitis carry out dehydration therapy (diuretics), corticosteroids, effective spinal tap.
• For pancreatitis appoint papaverine, no-shpa, to reduce swelling -- mannitol, sodium thiosulfate, anti enzyme preparations – kontrikal, gordoks etc.

At the end of the disease, no special disinfection is required; you just need to thoroughly ventilate the room, carry out wet cleaning, and clean the furniture.

Contagious period.
The patient is contagious from last days incubation period until the end of the disease. A sick child is usually not allowed into childcare facility within 21 days from the date of illness. After contracting mumps, a persistent immunity remains - immunity.

Children under 12 years of age who have not had mumps and who have had contact with a sick person are prohibited from visiting child care facilities from the 11th to the 25th day from the date of contact. If there are several cases of mumps in a child care facility (nursery, kindergarten) patients must be treated in the institution itself, and the child care institution is considered infected (new children are not accepted, children are not sent home, etc.) until the epidemic outbreak stops, that is, until new diseases appear within 3 weeks piggy. For children who have had mumps, as well as for children over 12 years of age and adults who have had contact with the patient, separation does not apply.

Prevention.
Conducting mass immunization of children. The mumps vaccine is given once to a child aged 12-18 months.
At the same time, stable immunity develops.

Due to mass vaccination, a disease such as mumps is quite rare. If the first symptoms appear, then treatment begins immediately.

Among children under the age of 1 year, the disease is extremely rare: babies are protected by immunity imparted by the mother along with breast milk. Children under 3 years of age also rarely become infected with mumps. According to statistics, there are more cases of the disease among school-age boys and teenagers.

What is mumps and what does the disease look like in children?

Mumps (mumps) is an infectious disease that affects the salivary glands. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets during communication or contact healthy person with an infected person. Getting into children's body, the virus penetrates through the bloodstream into the genital and salivary glands. Sometimes the central nervous system is affected.

Not only children, but also adults can become infected with mumps. There is a pattern: the older the patient, the more severe the disease.

Due to the characteristic swelling of the neck and puffiness of the lower part of the face, the disease began to be called mumps. Due to inflammation of the salivary glands, the face becomes pear-shaped.

Classification of mumps

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Mumps is usually classified according to the type of disease and its severity. If the patient exhibits all characteristic symptoms, which means mumps occurs in a typical form, which in turn is divided into:

• isolated, when the child exhibits only signs of mumps;
• combined, in addition to the salivary glands, the gonads or brain are affected (orchitis or meningitis develops).

When a child has symptoms that are non-specific for mumps, there are erased symptoms, we can talk about atypical form. Sometimes nonspecific parotitis and is completely asymptomatic.

Mumps can occur in three forms:

• mild, when only the salivary glands are affected, and the body temperature rises sharply, but does not last long;
• moderate, when the child has a fever, his appetite worsens, and sleep is disturbed (the virus affects not only the salivary glands, but also other glandular organs);
• severe, with rapid multiple lesions of the glands and central nervous system.

Severe mumps rarely occurs without consequences. Some children develop deafness and pancreatitis. Often the disease leads to the development of meningitis.

Routes of infection and incubation period

Infection occurs through airborne droplets when sneezing, coughing and during communication with an interlocutor. The virus settles on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, penetrates the blood, and then spreads throughout the body. Pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply after contact with the epithelium of glandular cells.

The incubation period can be 11-23 days. 2 days after infection, the baby is able to infect others.

Typically, children are sick for no longer than 10 days; as a rule, by the time the symptoms disappear, the child is no longer dangerous. There are exceptions, so a patient with a moderate form of mumps is isolated for 12-22 days.

The first signs of illness in a child

Symptoms after contact with a carrier of infection viral mumps the patient does not appear immediately. For several days he has no idea that a virus has entered his body. The first signs of the disease are sharp increase body temperature. The thermometer may show 40 degrees or higher. Then pain and swelling appears near the parotid gland. It becomes painful for the baby to swallow and talk. Characteristic of mumps copious discharge saliva.

IN initial stage the tumor spreads to one part of the face, after 1-2 days the process affects the other side. Sometimes children with non-epidemic mumps experience slight swelling, then the doctor determines the increase by palpation.

Subsequent symptoms of mumps

The disease begins suddenly with a rise in temperature, which can last for several days. Along with this, the patient exhibits the following symptoms:

• weakness;
• headaches;
• swelling of the neck in the area of ​​the parotid glands;
• feeling of dry mouth (we recommend reading:);
• muscle and joint pain.

The first symptom of mumps development is very high temperature(40 degrees and above)

A characteristic sign of mumps is damage to the salivary glands near the ears, but often the mumps infection penetrates the sublingual and submandibular glands. May become inflamed lymph nodes. The proportions of the face are violated. Any touch to the swollen area becomes painful. In each case, mumps occurs differently. In males, the symptoms of the disease are more pronounced.

Pain in the parotid area prevents children from getting a good night's sleep. Some patients complain of tinnitus. Eating is complicated by the inability to fully open the mouth. Patients cannot chew solid food due to severe pain, so they are transferred to liquid nutrition. Usually painful sensations accompany the small patient for 5 days, then gradually weaken.

Methods for treating the disease at home

Children who have complicated mumps are usually advised to go to the hospital. serous meningitis, orchitis or pancreatitis (we recommend reading:). In other cases, mumps must be treated at home. At elevated temperatures, bed rest must be observed. Food should be light, not requiring long chewing in the mouth. Besides drug therapy the patient can apply dry heat to the inflamed areas in the neck area.

Caring for a sick child

When the first signs of illness appear, the baby must be isolated from others. Parents need to provide the patient with all the conditions for a comfortable pastime throughout the entire period of treatment.

In this case, you can follow the following recommendations:

• The baby must comply with bed rest, remaining in bed for 10 days. During this time they will disappear acute manifestations infectious mumps, the condition will improve.
• It is necessary to limit physical and emotional stress as much as possible.
• The room should not be too hot or cold. Under no circumstances should a small patient be allowed to become hypothermic.
• It is necessary to regularly ventilate the room. This will reduce the concentration of viruses in the air.
• To avoid the spread of mumps infection, household members should wear masks when visiting a child. Hands need to be washed more often.
• The patient must be provided with individual utensils and personal hygiene products, which should not be used by other family members.

Use of medications

To increase salivation, the patient is prescribed drops of a 1% Pilocarpine solution. They should be consumed 8 drops during each meal. The patient also needs to take a course of antibiotics. penicillin series. Children are often prescribed desensitizing drugs of an antiallergic and antihistamine nature.

For headaches and fever, you can use antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs with an analgesic effect: Ibuprofen or Paracetamol.

Immunostimulating agents with antiviral activity will help you cope with the disease faster. A drug called Interferon has proven its effectiveness in treating mumps. It can be administered intramuscularly once a day or irrigated into the mouth. Also to the patient as an additional medicine They can prescribe Groprinosin 50 ml per 1 kg of baby’s body weight 3-4 times a day.

Analgesics or antispasmodic medications are used to relieve muscle, joint and other types of pain. These include: Analgin, Papaverine and No-shpa (we recommend reading:). If digestive disorders occur as a result of the disease, then enzyme preparations - Pancreatin, Festal, etc. - can be prescribed.

Diet food

The menu should include foods that cause active salivation. To prevent pancreatitis little patient must adhere to a special diet. It is necessary to limit the consumption of such products:

• all types of cabbage;
• bakery products;
• foods rich in fat.

During illness, it is necessary to prepare dishes based on vegetables and fruits. A child's diet should include dairy products. Among cereals, it is better to give preference to rice.

If the virus infects the pancreas, pancreatitis develops, then the patient must switch to a more restrictive diet. For the first 1-2 days you need to give up food completely, then add foods with low content carbohydrates and fats. Usually, after 10 days of strict abstinence, the patient is transferred to diet No. 5.

Folk remedies

Along with traditional methods treatments are widely used folk remedies. They help reduce pain and alleviate the patient's condition. The following traditional medicine recipes are especially popular when treating mumps at home:

• Compresses are applied to swollen areas. To prepare a compress from flaxseeds you need to take 100 g of raw materials and fill them with 100 ml hot water. Then the resulting mixture is kept over low heat until thick gruel. After the mass has cooled, add 1 tbsp. l. honey To apply the product to the skin over the swollen glands, first knead the pulp in your hands, giving it the shape of a cake.
• To alleviate the condition, a patient with non-infectious mumps can be offered to drink an infusion of medicinal herbs. To prepare, pour 1 tbsp of boiling water into a glass. l. linden inflorescences. Then the composition is infused for about 25 minutes, after which it is filtered and given to the baby 3 times a day, a third of a glass.
• The mouth rinse is prepared using infusions of chamomile or sage. Dried vegetable raw materials in the amount of 1 tbsp. l. pour 1 glass of hot water. The product should sit for 30 minutes. You need to rinse your mouth with the resulting decoction after every meal.

Chamomile decoction has therapeutic effect when rinsing the mouth

When is inpatient treatment required?

If purulent mumps develops, and the therapeutic agents used at home do not help, you need surgery. For complicated mumps, therapy is carried out in a hospital setting.

If the pancreas is affected, the patient is transferred to a special diet that reduces the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. When the temperature rises, antipyretic drugs are prescribed, and cold is applied to the inflamed glandular organ. Severe pain relieved with antispasmodics. With the help saline solutions administered intravenously, detoxification is carried out.

If the virus infects a boy's testicles, this can lead to infertility. Orchitis requires special treatment and control by medical staff. Cold will help reduce swelling. Prednisolone is administered by infusion for 10 days. With proper and timely treatment of vulgar parotitis, testicular atrophy can be avoided.

If meningitis is suspected, the patient must be hospitalized immediately. Brain swelling is relieved by taking diuretics such as Lasix or Furosemide. To prevent severe consequences patients are prescribed nootropic drugs. Discharge is possible only after a thorough examination with good performance cerebrospinal fluid.

Complications and consequences of mumps

As a rule, a child tolerates mumps without serious consequences. Quite rarely complications arise after mumps:

• orchitis - inflammation of the testicles in boys;
• oophoritis - inflammation of the ovaries in girls;
• meningitis - an inflammatory process affecting soft shells around the brain;
• pancreatitis - the virus affects the pancreas;
• diabetes mellitus - occurs due to impaired insulin synthesis;
• thyroiditis - inflammation of the thyroid gland;
• labyrinthitis - inflammation of the inner ear;
• joint damage.

Prevention of mumps

It is always easier to prevent a disease than to treat it for a long time, fearing the consequences of the disease and its complications. Today the safest and most in an efficient way Protection against mumps is vaccination.

If the first symptoms of the disease have already appeared, the temperature has risen, and swelling has appeared, then the patient must be immediately isolated so as not to aggravate the current epidemic situation.

Mumps is a non-medical term, as mumps is popularly called, the causative agent of which is an infection. This disease is predominantly children's, but cases of it affecting adults are also observed. With proper and timely treatment for unpleasant symptoms manages to get rid of it quite quickly, but the main danger of mumps is not at all in serious condition sick. The main question, which every mother asks the doctor if her son is faced with such a disease: does mumps cause infertility in men?

Read in this article

Features of the disease

The mumps virus is especially active during the cold season, so the likelihood of catching it increases from late autumn to early spring. However, this infection is not as stable as the flu pathogen, so it does not cause epidemics. Indeed, most often it is boys who become infected, and the age group of children at risk is from 3 to 15 years. The main method is contact with a patient or a carrier of the virus, since the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets.

How does the disease manifest itself?

The virus first infects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and then enters the blood through the capillaries. Due to the close proximity, the salivary glands become inflamed, however, along with the blood, the infection begins to spread throughout the body, choosing a target for further attack. In boys, this can be the gonads, namely the testicles.

The first signs of the disease are swelling of the parotid glands, and sometimes also of the face and neck. The temperature rises and salivation increases. There may be aching in the joints and muscles. Mumps is an insidious disease, and its insidiousness lies in the fact that this stage is not at all obligatory, therefore, in some cases, the presence of mumps begins to be suspected only when complications appear, in particular inflammation of the testicles - orchitis.

Usually, at first only one testicle becomes inflamed, but after a few days the inflammation becomes bilateral. The affected organ turns red and increases in size (sometimes threefold). In this case, the patient complains of pain.

Complications such as orchitis may not occur, but in approximately 20% of cases it still occurs. Here it is important not to hesitate and not to self-medicate; you should immediately consult a doctor. Most often, mumps burdened with orchitis is treated in a hospital under the supervision of doctors.

The main danger of mumps is the sometimes quite long incubation period. A person may already have an infection, but not feel that he is sick. The first symptoms most often begin to appear after about two days, but sometimes it can happen after whole week. Problems with diagnosing the disease may also be that some boys, especially those closer to adolescence, are embarrassed to tell their parents about their “intimate” problem. Therefore, it is so important to establish a trusting relationship with your sons and tell them in advance about the signs of a disease such as mumps. Lost time is fraught with serious complications for the unborn child.

Consequences of mumps

If treatment is started on time, then even if the gonads are infected, unpleasant and severe consequences can be completely avoided. Doctors can rarely accurately predict whether it will affect past illness on the possibility of having children, especially if the child is small and the process of puberty has not yet begun.

If the disease is suffered during adolescence or adulthood, the likelihood of infertility increases. However, infertility in men after mumps occurs much less frequently than many people believe - in approximately 3-17% of all cases. At the same time, boys with bilateral orchitis (70%) are at particular risk. If the process is one-sided, then 20% of patients face the inability to have children. It is worth considering that orchitis develops only in every fifth patient, which means that mumps should definitely be considered a disease causing infertility, still not possible.

The main rule here is to act strictly according to the doctor’s instructions. Since the reproduction and activity of viruses is promoted by increased temperature, the affected organ should be cooled as much as possible, but this should be done with caution, in no case using ice. No lotions or lubricants not previously approved by a specialist. Analgesics that relieve painful symptoms, are also prescribed by a doctor.

Having identified the disease in time and carried out correct treatment, you can completely avoid negative consequences.

If the diagnosis of infertility is still made

Infertility can only be detected after the onset of puberty, since this requires a test. Also, if necessary, an ultrasound of the scrotum and a biopsy of the testicles are prescribed. If the diagnosis is confirmed, there is no need to panic, because the modern level of development of medicine makes it possible to cope with many diseases, including in the reproductive sphere.

The goal of therapy is to stimulate secretory functions male genital organs. This is facilitated by:

• immunostimulants;
• hormonal agents;
• biogenic and chemical preparations;
• angioprotectors.

If some areas of the testicular membranes are severely affected, then they (the membranes) can be surgically removed.

Whatever the reason male infertility, its treatment should only be carried out by specialized specialists in the appropriate medical institution. If the disease after long-term therapy was not overcome, the man may be advised to use the method of intraplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Insemination with donor sperm (DS) can also be used.

The most effective preventive measure For mumps, vaccination is still the issue. That's why main recommendation For parents, get your child vaccinated on time.