Papillomas appear on the human body quite often. It is noteworthy that most often the formation of such benign tumors occurs in older people. Once in the body, the pathology virus remains in it forever. To understand specifically the reasons for the appearance of papillomas, it is necessary to understand what these tumors are.

What is papilloma

The main causes of papillomas

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of the occurrence and development of pathology. But it is worth noting that the virus, while in the body, may not make itself felt for a long time. In this state, it is absolutely not dangerous to the body. But tumors form as soon as favorable conditions for the development of the virus appear. Among such conditions are:

1. Unstable work digestive system, diseases of the stomach or intestines.
2. A sharp decrease in immunity and weakening of the entire immune system.
3. Frequent visit public places with water treatments (beaches, saunas, swimming pools, water parks).
4. Excessive alcohol consumption.
5. Disorder nervous system, depressive state and nervous breakdowns.
6. Frequent use of a certain group of medications. Among the causative agents of HPV, it is worth highlighting antibiotics.
7. Promiscuous sexual intercourse.
8. Infectious diseases.

As you can see, the number of reasons is quite large. It is almost impossible to determine exactly what exactly caused the development of pathology on your own. The type of treatment that suits you depends on this. Therefore, at the first appearance of a tumor on the body, be sure to contact a specialist. Self-medication can aggravate the situation and lead to more serious consequences. Especially if we're talking about about types of papillomas that are dangerous to life and health.

Uncontrollable causes of growths on the human body

It is impossible to insure against the penetration of human papillomavirus into the body. The fact is that you can catch it in completely uncontrollable ways:

• During childbirth.

In this case, the child becomes infected while still in the body of the virus-carrying mother. The slightest damage to the skin (even micro-scratches) can introduce the virus into the child’s body.

• During sexual intercourse.

From the genitals, the virus spreads throughout the body. The development of dangerous pointed papillomas is possible.

• By everyday means.

Many types of HPV are transmitted by ordinary touching. For this, the slightest damage to the skin is enough.

Types of papillomas and methods of diagnosis

The incubation period of the human papillomavirus lasts up to 3 months, depending on the specific type. In people with a strong immune system, it can even last for several years. But nipple tumors immediately appear on the body as soon as favorable conditions for the development of the virus appear.

The main symptoms of the pathology depend on the types of HPV:

1. Pointed papillomas are easy to identify by external signs and location. Such inflammations are especially dangerous for female body. Often it is this type of papillomas that leads to the development of an oncological tumor in the body. Condylomas appear on the genitals.

In men, nipple tumors appear on the head of the penis, frenulum or scrotum. In women, formations cause more discomfort, as they appear on the clitoris, in the vagina, near the anus, or even on the cervix. But here it is important to understand that if, for example, it appears, it will definitely be HPV.

The size range of condylomas is quite large. In most cases they only grow to 2-3 millimeters, but sometimes they can reach several centimeters. These are pink formations on a thin stalk.

1. Threaded papillomas are somewhat more difficult to identify due to their yellow tint, which does not stand out well against the background of the usual healthy skin. The shape of the tumor is no different from a regular pimple. It has a hard structure to the touch and therefore resembles a wart. The size of filiform papilloma does not exceed seven millimeters. Inflammations of this type are quite easily damaged, as they are located in places of bending or friction with clothing.

Mechanical damage to papillomas is dangerous for your health, since infection can penetrate through the formed crack. Therefore, try to avoid unnecessary movements if the tumor appears in an awkward place.

1. The reason for the formation of papillomas on the feet is decreased immunity and increased moisture in the feet. Also, constant friction contributes to the fact that this type of tumor strongly resembles ordinary calluses, both in sensation and in appearance. The difference is that plantar papillomas are accompanied by severe pain at the slightest tactile contact.
2. Flat papillomas are also very difficult to identify at the stage of manifestation. They have practically no color of their own, so they take on the skin tone. Nipple tumors of this type are covered with a flat, hard crust. Only in the later stages of development can inflammation have a red tint. By this time it is already necessary to begin a course of treatment.
3. The safest simple papillomas often grow in “tufts” and have a hard surface, so they are easy to find on the body. They appear on the hands, between the fingers, on the neck, behind the knees or on the chest. Inflammations are absolutely painless. Despite this, cutting, tearing or burning is strictly prohibited. Simple papillomas are dangerous because they can cause the development of dangerous diseases acquired through damage.

Causes of peaked papillomas according to experts

CHD that precedes such inflammations is one of the most dangerous types. Especially for the female body. Therefore, doctors pay the greatest attention to the study of this pathology. Today, there are already specific statements from authoritative experts about how the virus appears in the body, and how to avoid pointed and other parts of the human body.

Study all the necessary information and protect yourself from dangerous disease you can right now by watching the following video:

Having studied in detail the causes of papillomas, the features of their development and consequences, doctors came to the conclusion that such inflammations can be removed if necessary. But removal is not possible for all types of growths. See more details here:

Today there are more than a hundred types of papillomas that are caused by different types human papillomaviruses. But, regardless of this, the causes of the development of the disease often coincide. By studying them carefully, you can save yourself from many problems.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly human-specific infection from the Papovaviridea family, which has the ability to infect and transform epithelial cells. More than a hundred types of HPV have been identified, of which 35 infect the human urogenital tract, causing damage to the integumentary epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs.

Every sixth person is a carrier of the papillomavirus - this is indicated in WHO data. Infection caused by the papilloma virus is warts (condylomas) and belongs to the group of virus-infectious diseases that are characterized by the appearance of papillomatous formations on the skin and mucous membrane. HPV is characterized by its chronic form with constant relapses.

Reasons

Why does the human papillomavirus develop, and what is it? The causative agent is a virus that affects the upper layer of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. Transmission of these viruses is possible only from person to person; infection occurs through contact with the skin or mucous membranes of a sick person.

Human papillomavirus infection can occur:

1. During sexual intercourse. According to the International Medical Association, papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, accounting for more than 60% of cases.
2. At birth. Infection can be transmitted at birth from mother to newborn baby, which subsequently leads to infection with papillomavirus or laryngeal papillomatosis.
3. With autoinoculation. Self-infection can occur if basic hygiene rules are not followed: hair removal or shaving.
4. By everyday means. The human papillomavirus is highly survivable and can survive for a long time in the warm, humid environment of public places, such as toilets, baths, gyms, and swimming pools. Infection occurs through various skin lesions directly through contact, use of personal hygiene items or in public places.

Different types of HPV cause or are involved in the development of:

• (62%);
• pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer (38%);
• , urinary tract (51%);
• 10% of clinically healthy women are carriers of HPV;
• In 85% of patients with typical genital warts of the external genitalia, examination reveals additional foci of HPV infection of the vagina and cervix in severe and mild forms.

These data allow us to consider patients with human papillomavirus infections of the genital tract as a group at high risk of developing cervical intraepithelial carcinoma.

Classification

The following classification applies:

1. HPV, the manifestation of which are various types of warts (HPV 1-5):
2. Plantar warts (appearance resembles a callus), these are HPV types 1-4;
3. Flat warts are HPV types 3, 10, 28, 49;
4. Common warts are HPV type 27.
5. HPV types that affect the vulva, vagina, genitals, cervix and respiratory tract are HPV types 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35.
6. HPV, the lesion of which in the form of rashes is associated with the condition of a precancerous disease (HPV of high oncogenic risk), is HPV 39 and other types.

As you can see, these benign neoplasms can form on any part of the body:

• face;
• under the breast;
• in the armpits;
• on the genitals;
• on mucous membranes internal organs, oral and nasal cavities.

Incubation period

The incubation period is long: from half a month to several years. For papilloma viral infection characterized by a hidden (latent) course. A person can become infected with several types of papillomaviruses at the same time. Under the influence various factors the virus is activated, its increased reproduction occurs, and the disease enters the stage of clinical manifestations.

In most cases (up to 90%), self-healing occurs within 6-12 months, in other cases there is a long-term chronic relapsing course with possible malignancy of the process (depending on the type of virus).

Symptoms of human papillomavirus

The human immune system is strong enough to overcome the virus at an early stage of its development. And in most cases the disease does not develop. However, over time, months, years, or even decades, people may experience some symptoms of HPV infection.

There are several groups of diseases most often caused by HPV:

1. Warts are round, tougher growths than the body with a diameter of 2 mm to 1 cm. The borders of warts are very clearly defined, warts are found irregular shape. They are rough to the touch and can be of different colors. Most often they form in places where the skin is most damaged: on the hands, knees or elbows.
2. Plantar warts. They develop when infected with viruses of types 1 and 2 in those places where shoes rub or press on the feet. The skin at the site of the wart becomes thicker, and the warts do not have clear boundaries.
3. Condylomas acuminata– peculiar warts that appear, as a rule, on the mucous membranes and skin of the genital organs: the glans penis and skin foreskin in men, skin of the labia in women. They can also appear in the bladder, urethra, cervix, vagina, skin around the anus, and in the mouth. Externally, these genital warts look like small convex formations, their edges are uneven (they look like cauliflower). This disease is caused by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11.
4. Bowenoid papulosis. Small, flat wart plaques (somewhat similar to flat warts) appear around the genitals. It develops more often in men who constantly change sexual partners. Called by types – 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 48, 51, 54.

Any viral infection that is constantly present in the human body (and HPV is one of these) is activated only when immunity decreases.

Human papillomavirus: photo

To find out what the human papillomavirus looks like in various manifestations, we have prepared a selection with photos.

Symptoms of human papillomavirus in women

The infection can occur in hidden form, and can cause the development of genital papillomas. Genital warts are observed mainly in women aged 15 to 30 years.

The main danger of developing a disease caused by types 16 and 18 is the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer reduces life expectancy by an average of 26 years. From the point of view of cancer development, only the virus that remains in the body for more than a year becomes dangerous.

Unfortunately, these diseases in women are often asymptomatic until the final stages, at which the effectiveness of treatment is significantly reduced.

Symptoms of human papillomavirus in men

For men, the human papillomavirus is less dangerous than for women. Most often they are passive carriers. The likelihood of developing cancer is much lower.

HPV in men can cause genital warts to appear on the foreskin, glans penis or frenulum. Such formations must be urgently removed, because they interfere not only with personal hygiene, but also with sexual activity.

Prevention

We list the main directions for the prevention of human papillomavirus infection:

• personal hygiene measures in public places;
• healthy image life, maintaining immunity at a high level;
• correct work and rest schedule;
• moderate physical training;
• taking vitamins, fruits, juices;
• only one sexual partner (ideally);
• using a condom during sexual intercourse.

Currently, there are vaccinations against human papillomavirus: Gardasil and Cervarix. The Gardasil vaccine is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 (protects against cervical cancer and genital warts), and the Cervarix vaccine is effective against HPV types 16 and 18 (protects against cervical cancer, but not against genital warts).

Treatment of human papillomavirus

Currently, there is not a single antiviral drug that would cause the disappearance of the human papillomavirus from the body.

Various interferons (reaferon, cycloferon and others) and interferonogens (poludan, prodigiosan and others) can reduce existing condylomas, but do not reduce the frequency of formation of new ones. Therefore, the main method of treating human papillomavirus remains the removal of condylomas by chemical or surgical methods.

Here are the main methods for removing papilloma tissue:

1. Radiosurgery. The radio wave electrode cuts off the tumor and coagulates the vessels. An antiseptic bandage is then required.
2. Laser. Contactless and bloodless way. At the site of the removed papilloma, a crust remains, under which healing proceeds. Disadvantages - risk of relapse, high cost, need to polish remaining scars.
3. Electrocoagulation. In terms of efficiency, results and prices, the method is similar to the two previous methods.
4. Surgical. This is an operation under local anesthesia.

Before starting treatment, be sure to ask your doctor:

1. What treatments are available at the clinic where you are being treated?
2. How much does each type of treatment cost and what are the possible complications?
3. Will the surgery be painful?

It must be emphasized that removal of papillomas should not be considered complete cure from human papillomavirus infection, since in this case the person does not cease to be a virus carrier, that is, within several years, papillary polyps may appear again. That is why, for the purpose of prevention, doctors recommend improving the health of the entire body as a whole.

Cryocoagulation

Cryocoagulation (cauterization liquid nitrogen) is a fast and effective method of treating genital warts. The procedure may be slightly painful and unpleasant, but this is rarely very bothersome to patients.

Cryocoagulation of condylomas is carried out in several sessions over several weeks. Complete elimination of condylomas is observed in 75-80% of patients who have undergone all procedures.

You should not try to diagnose and treat human papillomavirus yourself.

1. First, you need to choose the right method.
2. Secondly, there is always a risk of confusing genital warts with a malignant tumor.

It’s better not to take risks and entrust your health to professionals - this will ensure you a long and happy life. sex life.Sexual life during the period of treatment for papillomavirus is stopped until full recovery. It is necessary to examine and, if necessary, treat the partner.

Papillomas and condylomas- These are benign formations on the skin. Their appearance is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

These growths spoil your appearance and undermine your self-confidence. After all, they often appear in open places: the face, neck, décolleté. In addition, these outgrowths are injured by clothing and become inflamed. But the most unpleasant thing is when papillomas and condylomas appear on the genitals. They can not only ruin intimate life, but also cause the development of cancer.

The disease caused by papillomavirus is called papilomatosis. This disease is common among people who are sexually active. According to some data, 80% of adult women have its manifestations. 70% of them became infected through sexual contact. In men, external signs of the disease are much less common - 1% have warts on the genitals, 30-40% have an asymptomatic course of the disease.

There are two periods in a person’s life when the risk of infection is especially high. The first occurs at the beginning of sexual life at the age of 17-25, and the second at the peak of new partnerships 35-40 years old. Due to the peculiarities of the development of immunity, children and adolescents who become infected from their parents are very susceptible to this virus.

Older and older people are more likely to develop papillomas obese people. In them, these tumors appear in skin folds and on the face.

Infection with a virus does not always lead to the appearance of papillomas. The pathogen lives in skin cells and if a person’s immunity is strong, then he successfully copes with this infection. But if protective forces organisms fall, then condylomas or papillomas appear on the skin.

Many people are interested in the difference between papillomas and condylomas. Essentially, these are manifestations different forms one virus.

Condylomas– these are benign neoplasms that are caused by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. Some scientists believe that condylomas more often degenerate into cancerous tumors. They are found in the genital area and anus (anus), but can sometimes appear near the mouth. Condylomas often appear in the form of a rash consisting of many elements. They have the unpleasant property of merging and reaching large sizes. On the mucous membrane of the genital organs they grow in the form of a cock's comb.

Condylomas are red or dirty brown in color, but on the genitals they are lighter. They are softer and more delicate to the touch than papillomas. The structure resembles many villi that grow together at the base.

Condylomas are more contagious and tend to reappear after treatment. They come in three varieties: condylomas acuminata, flat and intraepithelial. These formations must be removed. At the same time, doctors register all cases of condylomatosis.

Papillomas- these are benign neoplasms that are caused by less dangerous varieties human papillomavirus, usually types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10. The risk of developing an oncological tumor in this case is low, papillomas are more likely cosmetic defect, how serious problem. They are located on different areas skin: on the eyelids, in the mouth and lips, on the chest and neck, under the armpits. But they can also be on the genitals.

Papillomas are lighter in color than condylomas: pink, white, pearly or light brown. As a rule, they appear one at a time and do not merge with each other. Rarely exceed the size of 1 cm in height. The appearance of papillomas is also different - they are round, tuberous formations on a stalk. They look like cauliflower and dense to the touch.

Papillomas are more treatable and can disappear on their own over time. This happens in 20% of cases.

So, let's summarize. Less papillomas dangerous form manifestations papillomavirus person. But condylomas must be removed. But it is difficult to independently distinguish condyloma from papilloma, because each person’s disease has its own characteristics. Therefore, in any case, consult your doctor for advice.

Skin papillomas

Causes of papillomas

Papilloma is a round benign tumor on a thin stalk, which is shaped like a papilla. But this is not the disease itself, but its consequences. Papillomas can be compared to mushrooms. Although we see them on the surface, the mycelium has spread its networks underground. In the case of papillomas, everything is exactly the same.

The cause of this infectious disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV). It gets on the skin and begins to multiply in it surface layer- flat epithelium. The virus, like a mycelium, sits unnoticed in the thickness of the skin. But when immunity falls, and a sufficient amount of the pathogen accumulates, it changes the nuclei of epithelial cells. And because of this, they begin to produce “wrong” descendants. Skin cells mutated by the virus actively grow and cause the appearance of papilloma.

Routes of transmission and methods of infection

1. Through sexual contact. The thin mucous membrane of the genital organs is very susceptible to the virus. If your partner has papillomas on the genitals, then the probability of infection is almost 100%. Using a condom can reduce the risk. But if the growths are located in an unprotected place (for example, the perineum), then infection will occur in this case as well. We must remember that with such a partner any type of sexual contact, even kissing, is dangerous.
2. From mother to child during childbirth. This happens when expectant mother has condylomas on the internal or external genitalia. During childbirth, the child ingests the virus and develops papillomas on the larynx. This form of the disease is difficult to treat.
3. Through everyday objects. Especially often, infection occurs through towels, washcloths, razors, and epilators. Children from sick parents become infected this way.
4. Infection in public places. Bathhouses, swimming pools and gym locker rooms can be dangerous. The virus left by a sick person on wet surfaces does not die. It causes infection if the infection gets on injured skin. But the likelihood of this is not great.
5. Autoinfection. This means that one papilloma can cause the appearance of a dozen more tumors. Self-infection occurs during shaving or hair removal, or when rubbing with clothing.

Human papillomavirus, types of papillomas

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common on the planet. The causative agent of the disease itself is a double strand of DNA with genetic information, surrounded by a protective protein shell. There are more than 100 varieties of it. Of these, 40 cause disease in humans. Depending on the type of pathogen, the disease has different manifestations: warts, genital, flat or intradermal papillomas and genital cancer.

After infection, the virus penetrates the nuclei of skin cells and begins to multiply there. This continues for about 3-12 months. This period is called the incubation period: the virus is already in the body, but external manifestations still unnoticeable.

Then, if the immune system is weakened, microscopic papillae consisting of several cells appear on the surface of the skin. They gradually increase and can grow up to 10 centimeters. If the immune system is strong, then papillomatosis either does not manifest itself at all or self-healing occurs. This can happen in young people under 25 years old, after childbirth or when a chronic disease has subsided.

There are several types of papillomaviruses:

1. Non-oncogenic papillomaviruses (HPV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 63). This is a group of viruses that do not cause degeneration in skin cells. HPV types 1, 2, 4 and 63 often cause plantar and vulgar warts on the fingers. 3 and 10 cause flat warts, which were previously considered a severe form of the disease. In fact, in this way the body tries to limit the spread of the virus. It seems to create a “sarcophagus” around the affected cells.
2. Oncogenic papillomaviruses of low oncogenic risk (HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, 44). These types of viruses can eventually cause cancer, but the risk of this development is not very high. Squamous epithelial cells of the skin mutate only if the body is affected by carcinogenic factors: smoking, poor environment, long-term use hormonal contraceptives. Viruses 6 and 11 often cause the development of papillomas on the larynx and genital warts on the genitals.
3. Oncogenic papillomaviruses of high oncogenic risk (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68) Infection with these viruses often leads to cancer, especially tumors of the cervix and larynx. They also cause neoplasia, a precancerous condition that manifests itself in changes in the structure of uterine cells. The most dangerous in this group is HPV 16. This type of virus causes 50% of cancer cases. Strain 18 is also quite aggressive and often causes cervical tumors. Types 31 and 35 cause bowenoid papulosis in men and women, which can cause cancer of the penis and cervix. HPV types 51 and 56 are considered the least carcinogenic of the entire group, are easier to treat and can be eliminated from the body on their own.

Prognosis of the course of the disease

The most unfavorable prognosis is for type 18 of the virus. The disease can turn into cancer in 3-5 years, which quickly spreads metastases to other organs. The tumor behaves aggressively and grows deep into the genital organs. The prognosis for type 16 infection is slightly better, but the likelihood of tumor recurrence after treatment is high.
The prognosis for types 31, 33, 35, 39, 52, 58, 59 is unfavorable. 2-3 years after treatment, the disease manifests itself again and often becomes malignant. For cancer caused by these types of virus, high performance mortality.

Such unfavorable prognosis should alert a person if he discovers even a small growth on the skin. It is necessary to consult a dermatologist or gynecologist who can accurately diagnose.
The type of human papillomavirus can be determined in laboratories. To do this, take a smear or scraping from the area of ​​the skin where there are growths. Then the DNA of the virus is determined in the laboratory. Types of papillomavirus differ in the structure of sections of the DNA chain. Helps recognize differences polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Symptoms and what do skin papillomas look like?

Papillomas on the face(photo)

These benign growths often located in areas where the skin is thinnest: near the eyes, around the nose and mouth. And on men’s chin in the shaving area. The growths may appear one at a time or in groups. In appearance, these are rounded outgrowths similar to elongated papillae or cauliflower. Papillomas on the face are pink or brownish in color.
First, a tiny bump appears on the surface of the skin, similar to a pimple. Gradually it increases in size, growing upward and to the sides. The papilloma reaches up to 3 cm in diameter. Its base is narrower, and its cap is rounded and lumpy.

If in women papilloma on the face causes mainly aesthetic problems, then in men it is more complicated. The growths are constantly injured during shaving, and this can cause serious inflammation.

A person becomes infected through physical contact with a sick person. This could be hugs, sexual contact, or, for example, through shared towels. From the moment of infection until papillomas appear on the face, it can take from 3 months to a year. Often growths form on the skin after infections, severe stress, hypothermia, during pregnancy, when immunity declines.

Papillomas on the skin of the neck and body (photo)

Papillomas can appear on any part of the body. Their location depends on gender, route of infection and type of HPV. Some types of the virus cause warts to appear mainly on the genitals, others on the body. In men, papillomas most often appear in the armpits, on the sides of the body and on the neck. In women, they occur on the breasts, under the breasts, on the nipples and in the armpits. But growths can also appear on other parts of the body: on the stomach, back, thighs.

Papillomas on the body appear on average 3 months after infection. But the virus can nest in the skin for several years, and manifest itself only after the body’s immune defense has fallen.

While the papilloma on the skin of the neck and body is small, it can be confused with goose bumps. But gradually it grows and begins to cause a lot of inconvenience: it clings to clothes, becomes inflamed, and bleeds. In this case, you cannot postpone your visit to the doctor.

Papillomas on the skin of the hands (photo)

Vulgar papillomas or warts often appear on the skin of the hands, which are caused by HPV types 3 and 10. They are transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person and often grow in places where there were minor skin lesions, especially around the nails. It takes approximately 2-6 months from infection to the appearance of warts.

Papillomas on the hands have their own characteristics. They are flatter and do not sit on a narrow stem, but directly on the skin. These are small round formations of a yellowish color with an uneven keratinizing surface. They are dense and rough to the touch. Adjacent elements often merge and can affect a large surface area. They are often located on the fingers, palms, and in children, on the knees. This is due to the fact that babies crawl without clothes. Warts appear more often in children than in adults, because their skin is thinner and more susceptible to the virus.

Papillomas on the skin of the feet (photo)

These benign growths on the soles are sometimes called spinules. They cause aching pain and burning when walking and can bring a lot of problems to a person.

The disease is caused by the human papillomavirus, or rather its types 1, 2 and 4. 4-6 weeks after infection, a smooth, light bump appears on the skin. Gradually it increases in size and turns yellow. Its surface becomes heterogeneous, bumpy or villous. The growth is surrounded by a protruding rim. In 30% of cases, papillomas on the sole disappear on their own. Self-healing mainly occurs in young people with strong immunity.
Sometimes plantar papillomas are confused with calluses, which appear from prolonged compression of the feet by shoes. But the skin pattern on the callus remains, and the surface of the plantar wart consists of individual rounded elements.

Removal of skin papillomas

Papillomas are removed when they spoil the appearance, are often injured, become inflamed, or tend to degenerate into a cancerous tumor. The main method of treating papillomas is their removal. But in order for condylomas to never bother you again, you need to undergo a course of treatment:

• Immunostimulating drugs to strengthen the body's defenses (Genferon, Imunofan).
• Antiviral agents. They do not destroy the causative agent of the disease, but only inhibit its growth (Intron-A, Leukinferon).
• Cytotoxic drugs. These drugs cause the death of cells that make up papillomas and condylomas (Indinol). They are used when the rash is very widespread and the larynx and other internal organs are affected. These drugs can cause serious side effects.

But the only effective remedy remains mechanical removal. Modern medicine offers several ways that can do this. Let's look at their features.

1. Surgical removal of papillomas.

   The operation is performed if the size of the papilloma is more than 1 cm or there is a suspicion that the formation contains cancer cells. Often the doctor also excises some healthy tissue. This is necessary to ensure that the growth does not reappear. After removal, a suture is applied. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes 10-15 minutes. In this case, the patient does not experience pain.
   In some cases, when the papilloma has a thin stalk, it is cut off with surgical scissors. Then the vessel that fed it with blood is sealed (coagulated) using an electrocoagulator. The area is treated with an antiseptic.

   Disadvantages of the method: a fairly large area of ​​skin is removed. Healing takes a long time, and scars may appear after surgery.

2. Cauterization of papillomas with liquid nitrogen.

   Another name for this method is cryodestruction, that is, destruction by cold. After the tumor (papilloma) has been examined and the analysis has shown that it is benign and there are no altered cells in it, then the operation can begin.

   The doctor touches the papilloma with a cotton swab dipped in liquid nitrogen or a special attachment. Nitrogen temperature -196 degrees. Exposure time 5-20 seconds. The duration of cauterization depends on the size of the papilloma. Upon contact with liquid nitrogen, the water in the cells freezes, turns into ice, and its crystals destroy papillomas.

   The procedure is painless, but if the skin in this area is very sensitive, then it is anesthetized with an injection of novocaine sore spot. After treatment with nitrogen, the skin turns white, and gradually a small bubble forms in this place, filled with a clear or pink liquid. The surrounding skin turns red and swells. At this stage, a person may experience unpleasant sensations - burning and tingling. But they gradually pass.

   After the procedure, the doctor advises treating the skin boric alcohol or a solution of potassium permanganate 2 times a day for a week. Cycloferon ointment prevents infection, increases local immunity and reduces the risk of recurrence of papilloma.

   The bubble bursts after 3-4 days and turns into a crust, which protects the wound from damage. Gradually, the top layer falls off and healthy, pink skin remains underneath.

   Disadvantage of the method: if the doctor lightly freezes the diseased area of ​​skin, then papilloma may reappear. Freezing too much damages healthy tissue and causes scarring.

3. Laser removal of papillomas.

   Before removal, an analysis is carried out to exclude the presence cancer cells. The area where the wart or papilloma is located is numbed with lidocaine spray. The patient is asked to wear safety glasses.

   A laser beam is directed at the tumor. One papilloma is affected for no longer than a minute. The laser evaporates the water in diseased cells, which shrink and turn into a crust. After half an hour, the surrounding skin turns red and swells; this is a normal reaction that will go away in a few days.

   The crust disappears on its own after 5-7 days. In its place remains delicate pink skin. Gradually, its color evens out and no trace of papilloma remains at the site of the defect. Complete healing will take about 2 weeks. During this period, you need to protect your skin from direct sunlight. Otherwise, a dark brown spot will appear at the site of the papilloma.

   Cauterization of papillomas with a laser allows you to avoid infection of the wound with microorganisms and seal the vessels. Therefore, bleeding does not occur during or after surgery.

   It is not recommended to wet the crust that has formed at the site of the papilloma and steam it for 3 days. Also, until complete healing, you should not apply decorative cosmetics. This will prevent scars from appearing. Treat this area with a solution of potassium permanganate or a healing ointment with an antibiotic (Levomikol), as recommended by a doctor.
   Using a laser, papillomas are removed on the arms, legs, face and genitals.

   Disadvantage of the method: when large papillomas are removed with a laser, scars may remain.

4. Electrocoagulation of papillomas.

   This is the removal of tumors using electric current. A special device, an electrocoagulator, allows you to dry the narrow base of the papilloma or the entire wart. After this, the growth is easily separated from the skin. Bleeding from the wound does not occur because the vessels are sealed with current.

   Recovery will take 7-10 days. At this time, it is recommended to treat the crusts with alcohol tincture of calendula 2 times a day. This will help avoid infection. After the crust falls off, a thin layer is revealed underneath. pink skin, which must be protected from injury and direct sunlight.

   The main advantage of this method is that the papilloma can be sent to an oncologist for examination.
   Disadvantages of the method. If it is not enough to treat the area where the papilloma was located, then after a while it may grow again. Removal on sensitive areas (genitals) may be painful.

What is the best way to remove papilloma on the face and body?

Genital papillomas (genital warts)

Causes of genital papillomas (condylomas).

Genital papillomas or genital warts are cone-shaped growths that appear on the internal and external genital organs. They are a sign of a viral infection, which is transmitted mainly through sexual contact.

Infection occurs during sexual contact with a patient who has condylomas on the skin. Intimate relationships with a carrier who has no symptoms of the disease, but releases the virus, are also dangerous. You can “catch” genital warts even if you used a condom. After all, this protective agent does not cover all areas.

All types of sexual contact are dangerous: vaginal, oral and anal. Depending on the type of contact, genital warts may appear on the genitals, in the mouth, and around the anus.

The causative agent of the disease is human papillomavirus (HPV). It has about 100 varieties that cause different skin lesions. When viruses come into contact with the skin of a healthy person, they penetrate into its basal layer. Before entering a cell, viruses remove their protein coat. Only the viral DNA penetrates into the middle of the cell. If it is not integrated into the chromosome of the nucleus, then the disease does not manifest itself in any way. This happens in people with strong immune systems.

But if the body’s defenses weaken, the viral DNA integrates into the nucleus. The cell begins to change itself and spread the virus through the membrane. Gradually, this area thickens and grows in the form of a papilla above the surface of the skin. From this growth, the virus spreads outward and can infect other people or be transferred to healthy areas of the skin.

The virus does not penetrate the blood, so condylomas often appear in separate areas and not throughout the body.

Papillomavirus, which causes genital warts.

Some types of human papillomavirus are more dangerous than others. They are called oncogenic. This means that infection with such a pathogen increases the chance of developing cancer.

Oncogenic viruses are divided into two subgroups:

• low oncogenic risk - this includes HPV genotypes 6, 11, 42, 43, 44;
• high oncogenic risk HPV – HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68.

Oncogenic viruses behave very actively. They are less treatable, remain in the body longer and rarely disappear on their own. If infection occurs, it means that in 1-6 months characteristic small tumors will grow on the skin. Most often they have the appearance of a cone or villi. That's why they are called genital warts. But the most dangerous thing is that genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer.

Symptoms and what do papillomas on the genitals look like?

Genital papillomas are most often caused by types 6 and 11 of the virus. These growths are also called genital warts.

Anal condylomas

These small growths may appear around the anus. They have a light pink or reddish-brown color and small sizes of 1-3 mm. They are found in groups and can cover large areas, growing in the shape of a cockscomb.

Condylomas cause itching, irritation and bleeding after injury, for example, with toilet paper.

Condylomas on the penis

In men, genital warts grow on the penis and scrotum. One of the most common areas of condylomas is the coronal sulcus of the penis and the frenulum, less often the head. The appearance of genital warts is easy to detect when external inspection. If you notice them, it is better to immediately consult a urologist-andrologist.

The base of condylomas is wider, and the apices are pointed. The growths are painless and soft to the touch. However, they can cause discomfort during intimacy.

At first, one or more tiny growths appear. They grow and new condylomas form around them. If treatment is not started in time, the rash can spread not only to the genitals, but also to the groin folds. This disease can cause penile cancer.

Condylomas on the genital organs in women

Condylomas in women can appear on the labia majora and minora, at the entrance to the vagina, inside it and on the cervix. They often appear as pearly white, wide hairs with a pointed top. At their base stands out clear liquid with an unpleasant odor. After their appearance, the woman experiences itching and discomfort, especially during sex. After sexual intercourse, there may be a slight discharge of blood from the vagina. This indicates that the condylomas have been injured.

If you find these small growths, you need to be examined by a gynecologist. In 2-5% of cases, genital warts on the cervix can cause cancer. Therefore, it is worth visiting a doctor, even if the growths do not cause discomfort.

Condylomas on the tongue

Genital warts on the tongue can also appear after sexual intercourse. These are small single elements or rather large growths. A person feels a growth on the tongue, but does not pay attention, mistaking it for a taste bud.

Such genital warts often appear in women on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips and on the skin around the mouth. This can significantly spoil your appearance and cause a lot of complexes. Like other forms of rashes, this one requires complex treatment.

Removal of genital papillomas

Preparing for removal

Before choosing a method for removing genital warts, the patient must undergo a series of studies and pass some tests:

• cytological examination;
• a smear from the urethra or cervix;
• laboratory test to determine antibodies to papillomavirus;
• cancer research;
• tests for infectious diseases that are sexually transmitted.

Based on the test results and the degree of development of condylomas, the doctor determines the method of removing the tumors. Of course, the individual wishes of the patient are taken into account.

Before the removal procedure, the skin and mucous membrane of the genital organs are anesthetized with 10% Lidocaine spray or the modern drug Ubestezin.

When papillomas appear on the genitals (genital warts), almost all experts recommend removing them immediately. There are 6 effective methods for removing genital warts.

Surgical removal

U Condylomas are removed using surgical instruments under local anesthesia. This method is used in extreme cases, if the condyloma has grown to a large size or if it needs to be preserved for research. Requires highly qualified doctor and preliminary preparation of the patient. After removal, the doctor stitches it, the skin heals in about a month.

Cauterization with nitrogen or cryodestruction

Impact on condylomas with liquid nitrogen. A small drop of liquid nitrogen, when it hits a condyloma, destroys it protein structure. After which the condyloma disappears. A wound remains in its place, which heals in 1-2 weeks. The cauterization procedure with nitrogen does not take much time and does not require special preparation. It can be done under local anesthesia or without it. Without anesthesia, the patient feels pain comparable to that present during deep bikini hair removal. The method is considered inexpensive and effective. It is recommended to use for point (single) manifestations of genital warts. If there are many condylomas, then removal will require several sessions. The method is accessible and widespread not only in private clinics, but also in many clinics. The disadvantage is the possibility of condyloma reappearing if the doctor does not completely cauterize it.

Laser removal

Impact on condyloma with focused laser beam no more than 1 min. In this case, the growths dry out. The procedure is painless if you numb the skin first. The patient may experience tingling and mild discomfort. At the site of the condyloma, dried crusts remain, which fall off on their own after a few days. Laser coagulation is recommended for use when large quantities condylomas or fused elements. This method is highly effective but relatively expensive. In addition, there is a possibility of scars.

Electrocoagulation

Impact on genital warts electric shock. The doctor burns the leg, after which the growth disappears. Thanks to the use of electrical discharges, the vessels are sealed, which prevents bleeding. It is advisable for the patient to undergo superficial anesthesia. Pain occurs as the anesthesia wears off. The recovery process will take about 1-2 weeks. The method is recommended for use in difficult cases or when it is necessary to study condyloma.

Radiosurgery

Treatment of condyloma with radio waves using a special Surgitron device. The mechanism of action is in many ways similar to a laser. Before the operation, the doctor applies superficial anesthesia with a special anesthetic spray. This is the most modern method, its advantages are painlessness and rapid recovery. It also makes it possible to remove all condylomas, even very large ones, in one session. There are no scars left on the skin. But, unfortunately, the equipment is very expensive and is not available in all clinics.

Chemical destruction method

Used medicines, which contain organic acids and other chemicals. They are applied with an applicator only to the surface of condylomas and cauterize them, destroying the cells of the growths. The most commonly used are: Condilin, Solcoderm, Solkovagin. The advantages of the method are its accessibility. No equipment is needed for treatment.

When choosing a method, everything depends on the wishes of the patient and his financial security, as well as the capabilities of the clinic and the qualifications of the doctor.

During the recovery period after removal, it is necessary to keep the genitals clean. Avoid overheating, rubbing and sweating in this area. For the first two days, doctors do not recommend getting wounds wet. 2 times a day, treat the area with a cotton swab dipped in boric alcohol or Hexicon. In the future, it is necessary to wash the genitals 2 times a day and each time after bowel movements. Treatment of the skin with an antiseptic continues for several more days after the crusts fall off.

It is worth remembering that to get rid of condylomas, local removal alone is not enough - it is necessary to undergo a course of immunocorrective therapy.

What is the best way to remove condyloma on the genitals?

1. Removal of papilloma on the penis

   In almost all cases, doctors recommend removing condylomas on the penis. After all, these tumors not only bring discomfort to the patient, but can also cause penile cancer. During sexual intercourse there is a high probability HPV infection sexual partner.

   Many experts believe laser removal condyloma the most effective method.

   The removal procedure takes place without anesthesia and does not cause any special pain. Required area simply spray with an anesthetic spray. Treat areas from which condylomas have been removed with anti-inflammatory agents. The patient should not have sex until full recovery and wound healing.

   But the laser will be fully effective if the papillomas have not reached large sizes. Otherwise there is a risk of scarring. Large growths are recommended to be removed radio wave method.

2. Removal of papilloma on the labia

   There is no fundamental difference in what method is used to remove single condylomas. This can be done with special surgical scissors, and then treat the skin with an antiseptic. If the doctor is qualified, then good result guaranteed. Numerous rashes are recommended to be removed with a laser or liquid nitrogen, and an electrocoagulator is used.

3. Removal of papilloma in the vagina

   Removing condylomas on internal organs requires special care. Use surgical excision, cauterization with chemicals, or laser coagulation. It will not be possible to remove condylomas in the vagina with liquid nitrogen, because it can burn the healthy mucous membrane, and it will take a long time to heal.

4. Removal of cervical papilloma

   If condylomas on the cervix are caused by HPV types 16,18, 31,33,35 and 39, then a cancerous tumor may appear within 5 years. Therefore, doctors unanimously insist on removing these growths. The removal procedure is carried out with a laser, a Surgitron radio wave therapy device, or cauterized with the drug Solkovagin. Some doctors do not recommend using liquid nitrogen on this area. Cryodestruction can lead to the fact that the papilloma decreases in height, but grows in width.

Vaccination against papilloma

Many world-famous medical experts consider vaccination against papillomavirus to be the most effective way to prevent cervical cancer. To date, more than 120 countries in the world have included papilloma vaccinations in the compulsory vaccination calendar. In Russia, vaccination is carried out on a voluntary basis.

The basis of HPV vaccines is the L1 capsid proteins. They create virus-like structures (VLPs) that do not have the genetic material of the virus. That is, VLPs are not infectious. They cannot cause disease. Vaccines create the illusion that the body is already exposed to the virus. The immune system begins to produce protective bodies and thereby prevent the development of real papillomatosis and condylomatosis.

The most popular vaccines against papilloma here and abroad are:

• "Gardasil" from the Dutch manufacturer Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V.
• "Cervarix" from the Belgian company GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A.

Although both of these vaccines are designed to combat HPV, each has a different focus.

Vaccine	HPV types	To whom do they do it?	What is it used for?
Gardasil	6, 11, 16, 18	- girls and boys (9-17 years old) - young women (18-26 years old)	Prevention of genital warts and pathologies of the cervical canal.
Cervarix	16, 18	girls and young women (10-25 years old)	Prevention of cervical cancer. Protection against HPV infection and the development of papillomas, condylomas and warts caused by other types of papillomavirus.

Initially, experts recommended vaccinating only girls aged 9 to 17 years. But in lately in the USA, Canada and some EU countries began to vaccinate teenage boys. In this way they are trying to protect young people from penile cancer.

Vaccination takes place intramuscularly as an injection in 3 stages: on the appointed day, a month after the first vaccination and six months later. Vaccinations against papillomas are well tolerated.

Until recently, HPV vaccines only had positive reviews. Official data showed that the effectiveness of Cervarix and Gardasil ranges from 70 to 100%, both in the fight against HPV and genital warts, and as a prevention of cervical cancer.

But in mid-2013, the German publication KOPP-Verlag provided some information from the vaccine manufacturers themselves. These data make it clear that the effectiveness of HPV vaccinations is lower than expected. Research on the effectiveness of vaccines against papillomas is still being conducted.

Nonspecific prophylaxis against condylomas and papillomas

Prevention of infection with the human papillomavirus, in addition to the vaccine, also includes other areas. All sexual contacts must be protected with a condom. This reduces the risk of infection by 70%.
If you think that infection may have occurred, you can treat the internal and external genitalia antiviral agent Epigen-intim.

The disease may not manifest itself even if infection has occurred. This option is possible if a person has strong general and local immunity. Then there is a chance that the virus will leave the body on its own in a year or two. A healthy lifestyle and systematic hardening will help strengthen the body's defenses: contrast showers, swimming and walks in the fresh air.

Avoid hypothermia and situations where you can become infected with the virus by everyday means. For example, if one of the family members has condylomas on the body, then it is necessary to provide him with a separate towel and washcloth. You should also not use his razor. If condylomas are in the mouth or on the lips, then you should not drink from the same cup with a person. This is especially true for children whose immunity has not yet developed, and they are at high risk of becoming infected.

And in conclusion, let us remind you: be attentive to your health and do not delay treatment. After all, condylomas and papillomas are contagious and you risk passing them on to loved ones.

Papilloma is very common and is the most common among all benign human tumors. There are probably no people who have never heard of it or have not encountered it at least once in their lives. Being a benign process, it can nevertheless take on the character of a widespread lesion, recur and cause serious discomfort, appearing on visible areas of the skin. Genital papillomatosis creates a threat of infection for sexual partners and significantly complicates sexual life, and during childbirth it can easily be transmitted from mother to newborn baby.

The tumor has been known for a long time and was described in the works of ancient healers, but its true cause became clear relatively recently. The capabilities of modern medicine have made it possible to establish the viral nature of papilloma, and therefore it has become possible to explain the nature of the course of the disease, which is often multiple and recurrent. In addition, the infectious nature explains the widespread spread of the tumor among the population and the possibility of infection through contact with an infected patient.

Scientists have found that the cause of the growth of papillomas is most often a virus, favorable conditions for the life of which exist in the squamous epithelium of the skin and genital tract. The virus is so widespread that only one in ten people are considered uninfected. However, not everyone has papillomas. This fact is explained by the long-term inactive carriage of the infection, which remains in the body in a “dormant” state for years, but under unfavorable circumstances, the virus begins to actively multiply and provoke the growth of tumors.

papillomatous formations

People of all ages are susceptible to the disease, but older people, whose immune systems gradually decline, are more likely to suffer. defensive reactions, and the infection sets in active phase. Special group are children, and in newborn babies, papillomatosis can appear after birth if the mother was infected with a viral infection of the genital tract.

The favorite localization of papillomas is the skin of the face, neck, axillary and inguinal folds, as well as the genitals in women and men. In addition to papillomas, the virus tends to cause the growth of formations such as condylomas, which are not a tumor, but can closely resemble one in appearance, so we will also mention them a little lower.

Why do papillomas appear?

Tumor growth is usually associated with many reasons, the mutual combination of which leads to the appearance of a tumor. The main factor in papillomatosis is the human papillomavirus, which has more than a hundred varieties. Benign tumors more often provoked by so-called non-oncogenic strains of the microorganism and viruses of low oncogenic risk. In other words, malignancy with such a viral infection is unlikely, but still possible.

skin manifestations of human papillomavirus infection: papillomas and candylomas

The presence of condylomas on the genitals reflects the inflammatory process against the background of infection with viruses of types 6 and 11, when the surface epithelial layer grows with the underlying tissue, which looks very much like a tumor. It is often impossible to distinguish condyloma from papilloma with the naked eye, and this may require examining the lesion under a microscope. The external similarity of condylomas with papillomas, the recurrent nature of the course and the possibility of malignancy make it possible to consider them within the framework of a benign tumor process, and the same methods are used for treatment.

Once in the body, the virus invades squamous epithelial cells and indefinitely for a long time is there, not showing itself in any way. A person may not even suspect that he has such an infection until the prerequisites arise for the virus to multiply and the tumor to grow. Among unfavorable factors that cause tumor growth can be indicated:

The incubation period lasts up to a year, and if the body is in good condition and the level of immune defense is high, you can count on the fact that the infection will not manifest itself in any way. However, not everyone can boast of excellent health, so sooner or later papillary growths called papillomas appear on the skin.

The ways of spreading infection are varied:

1. Contact and household when using shared towels, washcloths, shaving accessories, etc.;
2. Sexual, through which genital tract papillomas and condylomas are transmitted;
3. From mother to child during childbirth.

It is hardly possible to avoid infection with at least one type of virus, but you should keep in mind the possibility of infection when using common hygiene items, as well as in a bathhouse, sauna or swimming pool. There is a risk of infection when visiting a cosmetologist, getting a manicure or pedicure.

photo: laryngeal papillomatosis

Of particular danger is laryngeal papillomatosis, which develops in children when infected during childbirth. This form of tumor is difficult to treat and is dangerous due to severe complications, including suffocation when the vocal folds are affected. If a pregnant woman has a disease, the issue of her treatment must be decided before childbirth, and if it is impossible or ineffective, the doctor will be forced to resort to a cesarean section.

Having originated in one area of ​​the skin, the virus can easily spread to others. therefore, one can often observe a loose character tumor growth. In older people, papillomas can spread over the entire surface of the body. Papillomas and condylomas can be found not only within skin, but also in the mouth, on the tongue or tonsils, in the cervix or vagina, urethra, so you should not be surprised if a dermatologist refers a patient with such formations to a gynecologist, dentist, ENT specialist, urologist who treat the pathology of these organs.

Having learned about the impressive list of reasons and possibilities of contracting a viral infection, there is no need to panic. Firstly, the vast majority of people are already infected, and secondly, you can live for decades without learning about the existence of the virus if you lead a healthy lifestyle and take good care of your body.

Signs of papilloma

The tumor has a rather characteristic appearance, so it is not difficult to suspect it even with a cursory examination of the patient’s skin. It can be single or multiple, flat, on a wide base or on a thin stalk, in the form of a cauliflower or mushroom. Most often, papilloma has the appearance of a soft nodule rising above the surface of the skin, pale pink in color, with a papillary surface.

Microscopically, papilloma is an excessive proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying layer, and tumor cells can be detected even with light microscopy indirect signs life activity of the virus.

papillomas: on the neck, in the corner of the mouth, on the eyelids

Depending on the structural features, dermatologists distinguish several types of tumors:

• Simple papilloma– a neoplasm in the form of a cauliflower or cockscomb, the surface of which resembles small papillae;
• Flat papilloma– often localized in the epithelium of the cervix, and on the skin it resembles flat nodules, prone to redness, pain, and itching;
• plantar papilloma, which may be called a wart, causes significant discomfort;
• Filiform papillomas– usually affects people over 50 years of age, resemble small flesh-colored nodules, and are often asymptomatic;
• Genital warts– in fact, they are condylomas, that is, inflammatory reaction to a viral infection, but outwardly resemble a tumor: they grow in the form of a cauliflower, can become inflamed, cause itching and a burning sensation, and tend to recur.

proliferation of papillomas

In most cases, skin papillomas, even with a widespread growth pattern, do not cause serious concern to patients, but the presence of a tumor on the face or in the genital tract can create significant psychological discomfort, aesthetic discomfort, and difficulty in sexual life. Symptoms of a neoplasm are possible:

1. Redness of the skin;
2. Painful sensations or tingling.

The location of the tumor in places of friction with parts of clothing, on the face of men in areas exposed to shaving, as well as in the genital tract increases the risk of papilloma injury with subsequent serious inflammation. Chronic trauma to a neoplasm can create the preconditions for.

Diagnosis of papillomas is not very difficult, For this, an examination by a dermatologist, gynecologist or urologist is sufficient. To confirm the viral nature of the disease, more complex and expensive procedures may be required - PCR to detect pathogen DNA and clarify the type of virus. For genital papillomatosis, the doctor will suggest examining smears from the cervix, urethra, and being examined for other sexually transmitted infections, and it is better to diagnose both sexual partners at once.

In cases of multiple tumor growth, it may be necessary to study the function of internal organs, endocrine system, immune status patient.

Treatment of papilloma

Most papillomas are located superficially, in places accessible to inspection, so many patients try to get rid of the tumor themselves using threads, hair, bandaging, tearing out or cutting off the tumor. Such manipulations are very fraught with complications, so it is better to avoid them and entrust the treatment to a specialist. When independently removing papillomas at home without examining a doctor, the patient cannot be sure that the tumor is really a papilloma, which means that the risk of malignant potential in it cannot be excluded. In addition, the likelihood of inflammation and relapse is very high, so self-medication is unacceptable under any circumstances.

The most effective way to fight papilloma, as with any other tumor, is removal, the method of which is chosen by the doctor based on the size, location of the formation, individual characteristics the patient and his wishes. Sometimes with a single tumor small size You can limit yourself to observation and conservative therapy aimed at strengthening the immune system, but if there are several papillomas and new ones appear, located in places subject to mechanical stress (friction of clothing, for example), then it is better to get rid of them. An indication for treatment may also be a cosmetic defect, especially if the tumor is located in the head area or on the face.

Today, different approaches to the treatment of papillomas are used:

• Surgical removal;
• Cryodestruction;
• Electrocoagulation;
• Laser treatment;
• Removal using a radio knife;

Surgical removal of papilloma It is considered the most radical and most reliable method, but is used less and less, since the volume of tissue removed can be quite large, and the result will be the formation of a scar. The cosmetic effect cannot be called good, and the healing period can last for weeks. This method is used in cases where other, more gentle methods are ineffective or impractical: for large tumors (more than 1 cm), the likelihood of malignant cell transformation and recurrence. As a rule, the surgeon removes the tumor within healthy tissue and then stitches it. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. The undoubted advantage of the surgical approach is the possibility of histological examination of the removed tumor tissue and establishment of an accurate diagnosis.

cryodestruction with liquid nitrogen

Cryodestruction involves exposing tissue to liquid nitrogen, the temperature of which is -196 degrees, while the water in the tumor cells freezes and they die. The method is applicable only if there is absolute confidence in the benign quality of the tumor, since after removal there is no tissue left that can be examined under a microscope. The effectiveness of the procedure is about 60%, it is painless, but as the tumor cells are destroyed, swelling of the surrounding tissues and pain are possible.

Healing lasts about a week, during which the doctor may advise treating the cryotherapy site with a solution of potassium permanganate or other antiseptic and antiviral drug. The disadvantages of this method of removal can be considered both weak freezing, leading to relapse, and too strong, which will result in damage to surrounding tissues and the appearance of a scar. Besides, Cryodestruction is ineffective for genital condylomatosis.

Electrocoagulation is based on removing the tumor using electric current. Its effectiveness reaches 95%, and, as a rule, no marks remain on the skin. With electrocoagulation, the base of the tumor or its stalk is eliminated, and the tumor tissue itself can be sent for histological examination, which can be considered an undoubted advantage. Disadvantages are associated with the possibility of recurrence of papillomas with insufficient exposure and pain, especially with papillomas of the genital organs.

Laser treatment is considered one of the most modern and effective ways fight against papillomas. Because after laser therapy If the papilloma is completely removed, confirmation of the benign quality of the process must be obtained before the procedure. The laser heats the water in the cells of the tumor, it evaporates, and at the same time the elements of the tumor die. Redness and swelling of the surrounding skin, which may last up to several days, is considered normal reaction and you should not be afraid of them. Healing and restoration of the skin lasts about two weeks, but the delicate tissue at the site of exposure must be protected from sunlight, otherwise pigmentation may occur. If papillomas in the facial area were removed, then you should not apply cosmetics until complete healing.

Using a laser, you can quickly remove a tumor without skin defects after healing, however, with large tumors, scars are still possible, and if the intensity of the beam used is inadequate, burns can occur.

Removal using a radio knife occurs using the Surgitron radio wave therapy device. Significant advantages of this treatment are the painlessness and speed of the procedure, the possibility of use when the tumor is localized in a variety of parts of the body, including the cervix and genital organs of both women and men. After treatment, no scars remain, relapses are practically excluded, and the removed tumor can be subjected to histological examination. Radio wave therapy can rightfully be considered one of the the best ways treatment.

Sometimes, in order to get rid of papilloma, they offer local exposure to chemical compounds that cause necrosis of the neoplasm. Such treatment with acids and other active substances is fraught with skin burns, and the risk of relapse is quite high, so they rarely resort to it. However, for example, the presence of genital warts may well be an indication for this type of therapy. Condylomas can be lubricated with solcoderm, condylin or a resorcinol solution, after which their cells die and the formations disappear.

The choice of tumor treatment method is often determined by its location. Thus, papillomas on the body can be removed by all of the above methods, but most often they resort to cryodestruction, which is the most affordable, including the cost of the procedure. For large papillomas, the only possible treatment option is surgical removal.

New growths on the skin of the face, eyelids, and neck can be particularly challenging. On the face, a tumor causes inconvenience mainly due to the cosmetic effect, and the requirements for the result of treatment come down not only to the radicality of the operation, but also to the appearance of the skin after therapy. Preference is given to techniques that allow removal of the tumor without scarring (radiosurgery, laser treatment, cryodestruction). When choosing a method of influencing tumor tissue, the doctor must be extremely careful so that the surrounding skin is not damaged.

For centuries formations can be multiple in nature, and their treatment is best entrusted to an experienced specialist who will be extremely careful when acting on the delicate skin of the eyelids.

Papillomas on the neck quite common, especially among older people. This is due to the decline in immune defenses as we age. Many patients live with such papillomas for years, but one should keep in mind the fact that injury to them by clothing or jewelry is fraught not only with inflammation, but also with malignancy, so it is better to remove such tumors, and at the same time carry out restorative and antiviral therapy.

Papillomas and condylomas of the genital organs must be treated without fail, regardless of their number and location. Radio wave therapy is considered the method of choice, which allows you to achieve complete removal tumors without subsequent scarring and damage to healthy tissue. In addition, in men with superficial lesions, they can be used chemical methods fight the disease. It is better to refuse cryodestruction, and surgical removal is used for large tumors that cannot be removed by other, more gentle methods.

The appearance of papillomas, especially multiple ones, is always a sign of trouble in the body, therefore, along with mechanical removal tumors also require other measures:

Most often, the growth of papillomas manifests itself under stress, a decrease in the body’s immune defense, and pathology of internal organs ( gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys), so should be avoided nervous overstrain and promptly treat existing diseases. The patient should give up smoking and alcohol abuse, and if obese, normalize weight. In case of concomitant endocrine pathology consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary.

Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix is ​​fraught with the development of cancer, Therefore, women are offered vaccination to prevent such lesions. It is better if it is carried out before the start of sexual activity or, at least, before encountering the virus.

A special category of patients are pregnant women, in whom, against the background of reduced immunity, activation of the virus already present in the cells often occurs, so doctors are not surprised by the appearance of genital warts and papillomas of other localizations during this period, even if the woman had never encountered such formations before pregnancy. A wait-and-see approach in such cases is not justified, since an active viral infection during childbirth can be transmitted to the child and cause serious damage to the ENT organs.

Treatment of pregnant women is complicated by the impossibility of using a number of drugs and techniques, but it is better to carry it out in the second trimester of pregnancy, and preference should be given to laser or radio wave exposure, because acids for local application or drugs for pain relief can be dangerous to the health of the unborn baby. It is also possible to prescribe topical interferon preparations for genital tract condylomas, but only under the supervision of the attending physician.

There are many traditional methods which promise to get rid of the tumor. Thus, patients widely use celandine, the juice of which is recommended to lubricate the formations until they disappear. On the Internet you can find recipes for tinctures of walnuts on kerosene, methods of treatment castor oil and even an egg, but it’s worth remembering that alternative medicine not only does not guarantee a cure, but can also lead to complications from the tumor, including malignancy.

As you know, any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, so when the first signs of papillomavirus infection appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Extra caution should be observed in families where there are patients with condylomatosis of the genital tract and oral cavity: it is necessary to use individual towels, razors, washcloths, and dishes. Pregnant women should take care in advance about the safe course of labor and have papillomas or condylomas treated in a timely manner by a specialist.

Of course, it is unlikely that it will be possible to avoid infection with the virus, and almost everyone has encountered manifestations of the disease at least once in their life, but still a healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition, high level hygiene and barrier methods contraception largely prevents infection, activation of viral infection and tumor growth.

Video: papilloma - symptoms, treatment, prevention

Video: papillomavirus in the program “Live Healthy!”

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Papillomas are benign papillary formations on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. The cause is human papillomavirus (HPV), which infects most of the world's population. Growths can appear on any part of the body, including intimate places, internal organs.

The disease is sexually transmitted in 50% of cases, but long time may not show up at all. Clinical symptoms are observed when the body’s immune defense is weakened, which is caused by colds, inflammation, and concomitant chronic ailments of internal organs.

Papillomas on the body appear most often in adolescence, which coincides with the onset of sexual activity. In young people the cause may be frequent change sexual partners, anal sex. In intimate areas, growths usually form within 1–2 months after unprotected intercourse.

Papillomas are observed much more often in women than in men. Benign formations can occur in the anogenital area and on the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix. This often causes cancer of the reproductive organs. Because of weak immunity Young children are susceptible to HPV infection; the virus is transmitted from infected parents through close household contact.

Often patients with overweight They ask a dermatologist: why do papillomas appear on the body? In people with overweight body signs of the disease are diagnosed especially often. The reason is a metabolic disorder in the body. The growths are localized mainly in the skin folds of the armpits, groin, under the mammary glands, on the neck, eyelids and face.

Why do papillomas appear on the body, where do they come from?

After entering the blood, the papilloma virus begins to actively multiply, affecting the upper layers of the skin. If the immune system is strong enough, external manifestations of infection may not be observed for a long time. But when creating favorable conditions pathological proliferation of epithelial cells occurs.

The incubation period does not exceed 3 months, but in some cases the latent course of the disease lasts up to 2 years. The provoking causes of the appearance of papillomas on the body are influenza, poisoning, severe stress, acute inflammatory disease, pregnancy, adolescence.

The main routes of HPV infection:

• From sick mother to child while passing through birth canal. This happens if a woman has papillomas in her intimate places. The pathogen can also pass to the baby through breast milk.
• The disease is transmitted sexually from an infected partner to a healthy one. Using a condom will reduce the risk. But if the growths are localized in the perineum or anus, contraception is ineffective.
• The household route of infection occurs through shared towels and hygiene items. Thus, the virus enters the child’s body.
• Self-infection occurs when a benign formation is damaged by a razor or tight clothes. Growths appear in other places in larger numbers.

Types and external signs of papillomas

There are more than a hundred varieties of virus manifestations, depending on the type of pathogen:

1. Genital warts occur on the external genitalia, anus, and perineum in men and women. They have a peculiar shape, reminiscent of a rooster's comb or cauliflower. The formations are multiple, causing itching and discomfort. In rare cases, anogenital condylomas are localized on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, tongue, and lips.

2. Simple warts are round in shape and most often affect the extremities. Usually many papillomas appear, the rashes continue for 6–8 months, then they can go away on their own without any treatment.

3. Flat or juvenile warts occur in adolescents during puberty due to hormonal changes in the body. Such papillomas are usually localized on the face, neck, fingers and toes with back side. The growths are flat, light pink or beige in color, painless.

4. Filiform warts or acrochords are elongated formations of light pink or brownish color. Most often they appear in women under the mammary glands, on the neck, eyelids, face and groin, armpits.

5. Plantar warts are localized on the soles of the feet and the inside of the hands. The growths cause itching and discomfort while walking. This papilloma looks like a round formation, similar to a callus. In the center there are black dots, along the edges there is a roll of keratinized skin.

6. Oncogenic human papipillomaviruses cause the development of cancer of the larynx and genital organs in women.

Treatment of papillomas on the face and body

In most cases, skin tags do not cause discomfort and do not require treatment. Exceptions include formations that are constantly injured and are cosmetic defects.

It is impossible to completely cure the HPV virus, but maintenance therapy can help avoid the appearance of skin growths. It is useful for an infected person to adhere to a proper diet, exercise, wellness treatments and give up bad habits.

The papilloma virus can only be treated surgically. But without preliminary restorative therapy, such a procedure is ineffective, as relapses may occur. First, it is necessary to carry out a course of treatment to increase the body's immune defense. The patient is taking immunomodulators, vitamin complex, antiviral and cytotoxic drugs. Subject to availability concomitant diseases the source of inflammation should be cured.

Surgical method of treatment

It is necessary to treat the pathology surgically if the diameter of the papilloma exceeds 1 cm, if a cancerous tumor is suspected. The doctor removes the growth along with a small amount of surrounding tissue. Then cosmetic stitches are applied.

Alternative methods for treating papillomas on the face and body are:

• Cryodestruction is an effect on a neoplasm low temperatures(-196°). The procedure is painless and does not require the administration of anesthetics. After treatment with liquid nitrogen, the growth turns white, then a blister forms in its place. Gradually, the pathological cells die off. This method helps the eyelids, intimate areas and other areas with sensitive skin.
• Electrocoagulation is the effect of currents high frequency to the affected area. A special ring is placed on the narrow stem or base of the growth, which cauterizes the tissue. After this, the papilloma is easily removed. No bleeding occurs.
• Laser removal is the least traumatic method of treatment. The affected area is exposed to a carbon dioxide ray, the liquid evaporates, the tissues are dehydrated, dry out and turn into a dark crust, which falls off after a week. When removing papillomas on the eyelids and face, it is necessary to avoid contact with ultraviolet rays on the skin, otherwise pigmentation may occur.
• Radiosurgical treatment is performed using a special device. The method of therapy is similar to laser cauterization, only in this case a radio knife is used. After removal there are no scars left.
• The chemical destruction method is carried out by applying organic acids to the surface of the papilloma, which destroy the structure of pathological cells.

With a low pain threshold or large size local anesthesia is used for the growth. After the operation, the patient must follow the doctor’s recommendations and perform disinfection. The excised papilloma is sent for histological examination to exclude the presence of cancer cells.

Relapses after surgical treatment occur if the affected area has not been treated completely. In this case, the growth appears again.

Removal of genital warts

Before the procedure, a person must pass biochemical analysis blood for the presence of antibodies to the HPV virus, smears for urogenital infections, tissue biopsy. Based on the research results, the doctor selects the optimal treatment option.

Anogenital condylomas are removed using the same methods as papillomas on the neck and face. This is cryodestruction laser radiation, electrocoagulation, radio wave therapy, chemical destruction.

Treat papillomas in intimate area recommended for all patients as they may infect their partner with the virus. And growths in the vagina and cervix in women require urgent excision because they can cause cancer.

Prevention of human HPV

The only way to prevent papillomavirus is vaccination. In European countries, this measure is included in the list of mandatory vaccinations; in Russia, the procedure is carried out at the request of the patient.

Drugs used:

1. Gardasil is used to prevent the occurrence of cervical tumors and genital warts. The vaccine is administered to children aged 9–16 years and adults aged 18–25 years.

2. Cervarix protects against HPV infection, cancer, the appearance of papillomas on the neck and body, and various forms of warts. It is recommended to vaccinate girls and women aged 10–25 years.

Injections are done in 3 stages, with an interval of 1 month and six months after the first injection. Scientific studies have confirmed the effectiveness of this method, which eliminates the causes of benign formations on the skin.

Additional preventive measures include protected sexual intercourse, careful selection of a sexual partner, strengthening the immune system, improving the health of the body, using personal hygiene items, and timely treatment of infectious diseases.

A dermatologist can answer the question of why papillomas grow and how they should be treated. The doctor will examine and prescribe laboratory tests and pick up the necessary diagram therapy.