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A common pathology that manifests itself as a result of the appearance of cysts and lumps in the mammary gland does not always become an object of concern for women. This fibrous- cystic mastopathy or in its abbreviated version - FCM, the disease is invisible at first, but is far from harmless, so it is necessary to know about it.

Types of fibrocystic mastopathy

IN medical practice 3 forms of mastopathy with similar clinical manifestations are considered.

• Mastalgia. It is considered the initial manifestation of fibrocystic mastopathy without compactions, but with the appearance of severe pain localized inside the mammary glands.
• Nodal form. Concentrated in a specific sector of the mammary gland.

Diffuse mastopathy. This type of pathology has pronounced symptoms in the form of compactions and cysts throughout the mammary glands. According to classification, it is divided into certain subspecies:

• fibrous mastopathy, characterized by the presence of compactions;
• cystic mastopathy with a predominance of cysts;
• fibrocystic mastopathy with the presence of both types in almost equal proportions pathological formations.

Diagnostics

Self-examination through regular palpation of the entire volume of the mammary glands should become a mandatory ritual for women of all ages. age category. Often it is precisely such simple manipulations that make it possible to detect mastopathy.

Professional diagnostic techniques include several highly effective types:

• Ultrasound can detect the presence of cysts and pathogenic nodes.
• Mammography, thanks to images obtained in two projections, gives an accurate picture of the disease.
• MRI is prescribed in particularly difficult cases to clarify the diagnosis if mastopathy is suspected.
• Ductography is an additional x-ray examination of the ducts into which a special contrast agent is first introduced. The indication is the appearance of bloody discharge in the absence of obvious tumor formations.
• A biopsy is required to exclude suspicion of malignancy.
• Doppler sonography gives an idea of ​​the condition of the vessels.

Mastopathy, including the fibrocystic variety in the uncomplicated version, practically does not become an obstacle to the normal course of pregnancy. It is noted that a decrease in the production of estrogens during this period makes it possible to smooth out the manifestations of pathology.

Causes of mastopathy

The dominant impetus for the appearance of mammary gland pathologies is hormonal imbalance. Its essence lies in the excess of estrogen levels with progesterone deficiency. Hormonal negative precursors of pathology may appear in the form of excess production of prolactin, which, in turn, becomes a catalyst for increased sensitivity to estrogen.

Precedes failures in hormonal system, which subsequently become provocateurs of mastopathy, are a number of factors:

• late birth of the first child (30 years and older);
• non-use breastfeeding;
• taking hormone-containing dosage forms;
• miscarriages;
• inflammation, as well as polycystic ovary syndrome;
• vitamin deficiency;
• irregular periods;
• stress “outbursts”;
• abortions;
• obesity;
• early menopause;
• pathologies of the stomach, liver, thyroid gland, intestines.

Women who have gone through several births are at risk, and also require close monitoring of the patient with congenital disorders functioning of the reproductive system. In order to assess the consequences of a fairly serious disease and timely treatment for mastopathy, it is necessary to undergo examination more often in the presence of osteochondrosis localized in the thoracic region, as well as in women who smoke.

Symptoms of FCM

Start pathological changes mammary gland often goes unnoticed, since the signs of mastopathy practically do not manifest themselves or are disguised as ordinary discomfort that accompanies the menstrual cycle. The growth of nodular compactions in parallel with the appearance of one or many cysts signals itself in various ways over time:

• Swelling due to obstructed venous flow provokes greater than usual swelling before menstruation with pronounced hardening of the breasts.
• Painful manifestations of varying severity and character, radiating to the shoulder, scapula area, and armpit area.
• Painful sensitivity of the nipples.
• Discharge, often irregular, has a whitish or brownish tint. Bloody marks require an immediate visit to a specialist.
• Some patients experience pain in the regional lymph nodes with signs of swelling.

A set of therapeutic measures for mastopathy

Therapy in case of detection of FCM is always comprehensive, allowing the disease to be treated in several important areas:

• bringing hormonal levels back to normal using medications;
• leveling stress manifestations;
• diet therapy.

Having made a diagnosis and established the root cause of mastopathy, the doctor decides which group of medications will be needed to normalize hormonal balance and, if possible, cure the identified fibrocystic mastopathy. These could be:

• means that help eliminate disruptions in the functioning of the thyroid gland;
• drugs that smooth out the negative effects of excess estrogens;
• medications aimed at restoring liver function;
• homeopathic medicines.

Non-hormonal herbal medicines that allow you to treat initial manifestations pathologies of the mammary gland, are selected by a specialist. When taken according to a well-designed regimen, they give good results. Timely treatment of mastopathy leads to a reduction in pain and softening of the nodes. The cystic, excessively enlarged membrane gradually resolves. The list of such medications includes both local drugs and their combinations selected by the doctor:

• Mamoklam;
• Mastodinon;
• Klamin;
• Mastoprof – tea;
• Phytolon;
• Mastopol;
• Cyclodinone.

For mastopathy treatment to be effective, an indispensable condition becomes the inclusion of vitamins E and A in the complex along with mineral microelements in the form of selenium, iodine. Painkillers are necessary if the pain is severe. Selected according to indications sedatives, making it possible to treat nervous breakdowns.

For external rubbing, an extensive list of creams and gel-like formulations is offered. Treatment with Mastocrel is highly effective in FCM. His structural formula includes only natural ingredients– horse chestnut, nettle, celandine. It contains aloe and walnut.

If gentle methods turn out to be ineffective, then it is necessary to additionally treat complicated forms of fibrocystic mastopathy with contraceptives included in the group of progestogens. Their dosage form is quite varied - injections, subcutaneous implants, tablets with a specific dosage regimen.

Hormonal therapy helps stabilize many processes. The prescribed treatment is carried out strictly according to individual indications, taking into account the diagnosis, the key signs of mastopathy and the identified root causes. In the absence of ovulation in women under 35 years of age, Marvelon and Janine, taken according to a specific regimen, help normalize hormonal fluctuations and level out mastopathy.

Approximately before the end of the menstrual cycle, gestagens are taken - Duphaston, Utrozhestan. Their task is to treat breast disease by supplementing the missing progesterones. Popular in medical practice is the hormone-containing gel Progestogel, as well as Mamma-gel, which has a vegetable-oil base with extracts of geranium, thuja, and exotic tea tree.

Diet

An important role in medical practice when eliminating FCM is given to a well-organized diet. Lovers of coffee or tea need to reduce their consumption so that substances that cause swelling of the mammary gland do not enter the body.

It causes particular trouble for women who have been diagnosed with fibrocystic mastopathy. sluggish peristalsis. Due to untimely emptying in the rectum, estrogens are absorbed back into the rectum. circulatory systems. The hormonal balance in the body is disrupted, and the disease progresses rapidly. The introduction of natural foods with fiber in sufficient quantities into the daily menu will complement the treatment and will be beneficial for the body (this helps eliminate intestinal problems).

Rowan and rosehip berries, which contain, along with many useful substances vitamin P. Cherries and raspberries are also included in this series, the use of which eliminates swelling. Doctors recommend limiting animal fats that affect estrogen levels. Alcohol is prohibited for mastopathy, you cannot eat fried, pickled, spicy foods, or drink carbonated drinks.

Surgical treatment

Decision on surgical intervention accepted when complete and accurate diagnosis. Surgical treatment becomes necessary if a large fibroadenoma is identified, and there is a serious threat of malignant degeneration of the identified tumor. Also, such intervention will be needed if fibrocystic formations quickly increase in size. It is possible to remove nodular mastopathy if it recurs.

Two types of operations are used:

• Enucleation refers to a gentle technique for removing benign formations of small sizes. A short incision is made and the tumor is removed using desquamation. All functions are fully preserved.
• Sectoral resection of the mammary gland involves cutting out part of the surrounding tissue in parallel with tumor removal. Such an operation is indicated for large formations when signs of fibroadenoma degeneration are detected.
• Laser ablation allows you to specifically burn out fibrous cells without damaging healthy tissue. The operation does not require long recovery period, often carried out in outpatient setting. Similar treatment FCM is considered safe and does not leave traumatic consequences.

Folk remedies

Complex treatment, which includes drugs of natural origin, enhances the effect of medications and effectively eliminates fibrocystic mastopathy.

• In a dark place, infuse aloe and radish juice mixed with corn oil in 70% alcohol for 7 days. All ingredients are taken in equal volume fractions. Drink 1 tablespoon half an hour before meals three times a day. Promotes the resorption of tumors.
• It is useful for mastopathy to drink brewed mint 1 hour before bedtime, or mixed with lemon balm. Cabbage leaves, which, after cutting off the hard veins, are applied to the breasts, or directly into the bra, have a beneficial effect on the condition of the breasts. It is convenient to make such a therapeutic compress in the evening and leave it until the morning. After 2 weeks there is a break. If the disease progresses, the course of treatment is repeated after 20 days.
• You can use a mixture of pumpkin and cabbage for a compress against mastopathy by grinding them in a meat grinder. Having applied it to the chest, cover it with a moisture-proof film on top and carefully fix it with a wide bandage. After 2 hours everything is washed off. 7 daily procedures are enough.
• Infuse 100 g of crushed dry burdock leaves in a glass container for 10 days, poured in 300 ml sunflower oil– refined. This product is used to lubricate the breasts.
• Make a herbal mixture of sage, nettle, wormwood and plantain (in the ratio 1:1:2:2, respectively). In the morning, pour a pinch of the product into 1 glass of boiling water, cover with a towel. After 1 hour, strain. Drink in 3 doses during the day.
• You can boil 100 g in half a liter of milk dill seeds. Leave under a warm blanket for 2 hours. After straining, divide into 3 servings, which are drunk half an hour before meals. It helps well with cystic mastopathy. The course lasts 3 weeks, then you need to take a week break. Repeated again if necessary.

Consequences of FCM

Fibrocystic mastopathy noticed in time does not have a significant effect on the normal functioning of the mammary glands. Certainly, severe discomfort cause women pain and general weakness.

Danger appears if the diagnosis indicates, along with an increase in the size of the tumor or cyst, their degeneration into malignancy. Signs of cancer are not always detected, but the likelihood of pathological changes is quite high, therefore, if you suspect fibrocystic mastopathy, you should contact doctors for help as early as possible and treat FCM, strictly following their recommendations.

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The development of cystic mastopathy is associated with a large number provoking factors. These are heredity, ecology, nutrition and other reasons, including varying degrees influencing hormonal background women.

Most often, the development of mastopathy is observed due to a combination of such factors. Let's look at the main ones:

1. Disorders of reproductive function. Cystic mastopathy most often occurs in patients suffering from the inability to conceive a child, or after frequent abortions or menstrual irregularities. Those women who did not breastfeed or did so, but not for long (up to 5 months), are also susceptible to the disease.
2. Lack of sexual intercourse, dissatisfaction in the sexual sphere, rejection of sex.
3. Psychological discomfort. Frequent stress, conflict situations, psycho-emotional outbursts and hysterics contribute to hormonal imbalance and, as a result, the development of mastopathy.
4. Metabolic disorders: excess weight, diabetes, hyperthyroidism.
5. Long-term diseases of the reproductive system: salpingoophoritis, endometritis, appendage cysts, etc.
6. Hereditary predisposition.
7. Wrong lifestyle: chronic fatigue, little time for sleep, overeating, insufficient fiber intake, strict diets.

Symptoms of cystic mastopathy of the breast

The main manifestations of the disease are:

• soreness mammary gland– dull, aching, accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and a general discomfort. It may increase several days before menstruation, occur at certain moments, or be a constant concern. The pain can increase significantly with pressure or even touching the gland;
• areas of compaction in the breast - usually do not have clear outlines and can be determined by the woman independently by feeling the breast;
• discharge from the milk ducts - they can be noticed if you press on the nipple area. The discharge can be very diverse (light, dark, purulent), depending on the severity of the condition and the scale of the pathology;
• palpation of the lymph nodes in the axillary region is not observed in everyone, only 1-10% of patients, but this symptom should also be paid attention to.

Such signs are not necessarily present all at once: sometimes the disease is limited to one or two symptoms.

In addition to the above symptoms, an increase in the size of one or two glands may be observed: at the same time, they are sensitive and painful to the touch. This is associated with breast swelling, which appears depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, which is caused by an increase in the level of hormones in the blood.

Along with this, there may be pain in the head, swelling in the legs and body, dyspeptic symptoms, psychosis. emotional state(irritability, inappropriate reactions of the type premenstrual symptoms). From the first days of the monthly cycle, such signs, as a rule, stop.

Forms

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands

Let's look at the differences between cystic and fibrocystic mastopathy.

Cystic mastopathy is accompanied by the appearance various quantities peculiar nodes with liquid contents - cysts, with clear contours and a soft structure. The appearance of cysts is accompanied by pain, especially immediately before the onset of menstruation.

With the fibrocystic form of mastopathy, excess growth is observed connective tissue, which contributes to the appearance of multiple small cystic tumors. This form is accompanied by a chaotic arrangement of cysts, moreover, they can appear on both glands at the same time. Cysts contain clear liquid, however, puncture is not always possible: often the formations are too small and it is quite difficult to get into them with a needle.

Pain in the mammary glands can spread to the upper limbs, shoulders, and armpits.

Diagnosis of cystic mastopathy of the breast

It is advisable to carry out a breast examination from the 4th to the 12th day of the monthly cycle, since on other days, due to the natural physiological processes occurring in the mammary gland, there is a risk of misdiagnosis.

The initial diagnosis of cystic mastopathy consists of an external examination of the breast. The doctor pays attention to the color of the skin, the shape of the breast, and the differences between healthy and affected breasts. Next, the doctor begins to palpate the breast, first in a vertical and then in a horizontal position. In addition to the chest, the axillary area is also felt to determine the condition of the lymph nodes.

Ultrasound examination is the next stage of correct diagnosis. A harmless, but quite informative method that determines the condition epithelial tissue and providing the opportunity to simultaneously examine the nearest lymph nodes.

Mammography is also a very common procedure, similar to an x-ray examination: a picture of the gland is taken, demonstrating whether there are tumors in a given area. True, this method is not advisable for women under 40 years of age, as well as pregnant and lactating patients.

Often, for mastopathy, a diagnostic puncture is prescribed, which can also be used for therapeutic purposes. In this case, the cystic contents are sucked out with a thin needle, after which the walls of the cavity stick together, and the cyst gradually resolves.

Discharges from the milk ducts are also subjected to cytological analysis.

After making and confirming the diagnosis, the doctor begins to develop a treatment regimen for mastopathy.

Treatment of cystic mastopathy of the breast

Treatment of cystic mastopathy consists of several stages.

1. Changing nutrition principles. Numerous studies have proven that to reduce pain and swelling mammary glands It is important to exclude from the diet foods that provoke the growth of fibrous tissue and the formation of liquid contents in the cyst. These products include strong tea, coffee, chocolate products, drinks such as cola or Pepsi. In addition, many experts associate the appearance of mammary gland diseases with poor intestinal functioning: constipation, disruption of the bacterial flora. In this regard, doctors recommend that for mastopathy, eat mainly foods rich in fiber (fruits, vegetable dishes, seasoned with herbs), and also drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day. Alcohol consumption should be limited and fatty foods– products that negatively affect hormonal levels.
2. Correct selection of underwear. For those patients who often suffer from mastopathy, experts recommend paying attention to the selection of a bra, taking into account all breast parameters. Irregular shape and the size of the cups can squeeze the breasts and deform them. This is especially true for those who have large size mammary glands.
3. Vitamin therapy. It is prescribed to normalize hormone levels, strengthen the immune system, normalize function endocrine system. It is especially important to take B vitamins, as well as A, E and ascorbic acid.
4. Prescribing diuretics. Often, mastopathy is combined with edema of both the breast itself and the extremities, which requires the prescription of mild diuretics. In this situation, it is better to use diuretic teas based on herbs, and also eliminate or sharply limit the amount of salt in the diet.
5. Prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, nise). They help fight pain, which especially increases before critical days. Such drugs cannot be used for a long time.
6. Prescribing sedatives. Such drugs are prescribed to combat stress, which is one of the factors contributing to the development of mastopathy. They use preparations of valerian or motherwort, soothing teas and infusions.
7. Hormonal treatment. Of course, the development and functions of the mammary gland are impossible without the action of a number of hormones. First of all, these are estrogens and progesterone. However, sometimes the influence of these hormones becomes excessive, which leads to abnormal growth of some gland tissues. In order to reduce their effects, so-called antihormones are prescribed - drugs that reduce the bioactivity of estrogens. These drugs include toremifene and tamoxifen. For the same purpose, oral contraceptives (Zhanin, Marvelon) can be used, which suppress the production of steroids, androgens, estrogens, stabilizing significant differences hormonal levels in the body. However, not in all cases of cystic mastopathy, contraceptives are effective, so sometimes the doctor has to reconsider this prescription. The doctor may prescribe gestagens - progesterone preparations (utrozhestan, duphaston, etc.) that inhibit growth cystic formation followed by gradual regression. In addition, antiprolactins (parlodel), androgens (methyltestosterone), and gonadotropin antagonists (zoladex, buserelin) are often prescribed.
8. Homeopathic therapy. Many homeopathic remedies deservedly enjoy success in the treatment of cystic mastopathy: they effectively reduce the amount of prolactin, without causing side effects and having virtually no contraindications. Such drugs include remens, cyclodinone, mastodinone.
9. Prescription of iodine preparations for thyroid dysfunction. Of course, such drugs are effective for hypothyroidism, but cannot be prescribed for autoimmune thyroiditis or thyrotoxicosis. Among such drugs are iodomarin and mamoclam.
10. Surgical treatment of cystic mastopathy is prescribed in the absence of effectiveness from drug treatment, or if the development of oncological pathology is suspected.

Of course, the choice of treatment may depend on many characteristics of both the patient and the course of the disease. Therefore, you should not make a decision about treatment on your own: trust a good specialist.

Update: December 2018

It is known that most women suffer from this pathology, and the peak incidence is observed in childbearing age(about 30 – 45 years old). Fibrocystic mastopathy is considered one of the most common diseases in women, and its incidence is 30 - 40%, in the case of concomitant gynecological diseases in the fairer sex this pathology reaches 58%.

Definition of the term

Fibrocystic mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is a benign dishormonal pathology of the mammary glands, in which both proliferative and regressive changes are noted in their tissues, as a result of which a pathological relationship between the epithelial and connective tissue components is formed.

Structure and regulation of mammary glands

The mammary gland is a paired organ and is represented by three types of tissue. The main one is parenchyma or glandular tissue, in which ducts of various diameters pass; the glandular tissue is divided into lobules and lobes (there are about 15 - 20 of them). The lobules and lobes are separated by stroma or connective tissue, which makes up the framework of the mammary gland. And the third type of tissue is adipose tissue, it is in it that the lobules, lobes and stroma of the mammary gland are immersed. The percentage of parenchyma, stroma and adipose tissue is directly related to the physiological state (age) of the reproductive system.

During gestation, the mammary glands reach morphological maturity. Their size and weight increase, the number of lobules and ducts increases, and milk secretion begins in the alveoli (the morphomolecular unit of the mammary gland). After childbirth, due to the production of milk, the mammary glands increase even more (lacteal sinuses are formed in the ducts of the lobes, in which milk accumulates). And after the cessation of lactation, involution occurs in the mammary glands, and the stroma is replaced by adipose tissue. With age (after 40), the parenchyma is also replaced by adipose tissue.

Both the growth and development of the mammary glands are regulated by numerous hormones. The main ones are, and. A role in regulating the development of mammary glands and somatotropic hormone has also been proven. The main changes in the mammary glands under the influence of hormones are the parenchyma, and to a lesser extent the stroma is subject to hormonal influence. The condition of the mammary glands depends on the ratio of the content of these hormones. When the hormonal balance is disturbed, mammary gland mastopathy develops.

Forms of mastopathy

In modern medicine there is large number classifications of this disease. The following is considered the most convenient in clinical work:

Diffuse mastopathy

Nodular mastopathy

• lipoma;
• fibroadenoma;
• breast cyst;
• lipogranuloma;
• intraductal papilloma (roughly speaking, a wart in the milk duct);
• breast hematroma;
• angioma.

In the case of damage to both mammary glands, they speak of bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy, and if the process develops in one gland - about unilateral (for example, a cyst of the left mammary gland).

Depending on the severity clinical manifestations the disease can be mild, moderate or severe.

In addition, both diffuse and nodular mastopathy can be of proliferating and non-proliferating forms. Fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) of the first form is prognostically unfavorable. In this case, proliferation of the epithelium of the milk ducts occurs, which leads to the formation of intraductal papillomas or proliferative changes in the epithelium of the internal walls of the cysts, which leads to the development of cystadenopapilloma.

All the described changes are fraught with malignant degeneration and are dangerous.

A special form of the mammary gland also appears at the end of the second phase of the cycle, which is called mastodynia or mastalgia. Mastodynia is caused by cyclic engorgement of the gland due to venous stagnation and stromal edema, which leads to a sharp increase and soreness of the mammary gland (more than 15%).

Reasons

The etiological factors and the mechanism of development of the disease are determined by hormonal imbalance. The leading role in the formation of mastopathy is given to conditions in which there is progesterone deficiency, impaired ovarian function and/or absolute or relative hyperestrogenism. This is due to the fact that estrogens promote the proliferation of epithelium in the alveoli, milk ducts, and enhance the activity of fibroblasts, which causes proliferation of the stroma. Also in the mechanism of formation of the disease, hyperprolactinemia and excess prostaglandins are also important (causing mastodynia, and then mastopathy). For the development of hormonal imbalance, the action of provoking factors is necessary. But even with their existence, mastopathy does not develop immediately, since it requires their long-term influence (several years) and “layering” of one factor on top of another. Such provoking factors include:

• early menarche (early puberty, up to 12 years, leads to rapid hormonal changes, which also affects the condition of the mammary glands);
• late menopause (cessation of menstruation after 55 years is also unfavorable for the mammary glands due to prolonged hormonal effects on their tissue);
• termination of pregnancy (a sharp hormonal decline after an abortion or miscarriage leads to hormonal disorders and the development of mastopathy);
• there were no pregnancies or childbirths at all;
• short period of lactation or categorical refusal to breastfeed;
• heredity (benign and malignant diseases breasts in women on the maternal side);
• age (over 35);
• stress as a cause of endocrine pathology;
• bad habits;
• injuries to the mammary glands, compression of the chest by a tight and uncomfortable bra;
• inflammatory processes of the mammary glands;
• hormonally dependent gynecological diseases(cycle disorders, anovulation and fibroids, endometriosis);
• iodine deficiency;
• pathology of the liver, thyroid gland;
• obesity ( adipose tissue acts as an estrogen depot, and their excess leads to hormonal disorders);
• tumors of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland (failures in the production of FSH and LH lead to hyperestrogenism);
• irregular sex life or dissatisfaction with sex, which contributes to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs and, as a result, causes dysfunction of the ovaries and hormonal imbalance.

Symptoms

With mastopathy, the symptoms and their severity depend not only on the form of the disease, but also on the emotional state and character of the woman and on existing concomitant pathologies. In the mastopathy clinic, the following symptoms predominate:

• Mastodynia or breast tenderness

Pain syndrome can be of varying nature and intensity. IN initial stage chest pain diseases appear on the eve of menstruation, which many women regard as premenstrual syndrome. The pain can be dull, aching, or so sharp that it is impossible to touch the chest. The pain syndrome is caused by stagnation of blood in the veins and tissue swelling and is described by patients as breast engorgement. Women also note an increase in the volume of the mammary glands (edema). After menstruation, the pain disappears, but as the pathology progresses, the pain becomes constant, only its intensity changes depending on the phase of the cycle. Severe pain also negatively affects the psycho-emotional state of a woman. In addition to sleep disturbances, mental lability is noted, irritability, aggressiveness and tearfulness appear.

• Nipple discharge and breast lumps/lumps

Discharge from the nipples is a characteristic, but not obligatory symptom of mastopathy. The severity and color of the discharge also varies. The discharge may be insignificant and appear only when the nipple is compressed, or it may occur independently, as evidenced by stains on the underwear. The color of the discharge may be whitish or transparent, or greenish, which indicates a secondary infection. The appearance of discharge from the breast indicates involvement of the milk ducts in the process. An unfavorable prognostic sign is the appearance of brown or bloody discharge, which is characteristic of malignant tumors.

Diffuse mastopathy

It is more often diagnosed in young women, and palpation reveals enlarged and painful mammary glands with rough heaviness and pronounced lobulation, as well as fine granularity.

Nodular mastopathy

Nodular is the next stage in the development of the disease, which occurs in the absence of treatment for the diffuse form of the pathology. Palpation of the mammary glands allows you to feel with your fingers individual or individual areas of the lump or cyst. Foci of compaction are palpated as dense nodes without obvious boundaries with pronounced lobulation. The nodes can reach impressive sizes (up to 6–7 cm). In the case of the formation of a mammary gland cyst, round or oval elastic formations with obvious boundaries that are not connected with the surrounding tissues are palpated.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease begins with collecting anamnesis and complaints. After the survey, the patient’s doctor examines and palpates the mammary glands. During the examination, the contours of the breast, the presence/absence of asymmetry of the mammary glands, skin tone and venous pattern, the position of the nipples and whether there is any deformation are clarified.

Next, the mammary glands are palpated (necessarily in the first phase of the cycle) in two positions: standing and lying, since some formations may not be palpable in one position. In addition, the doctor squeezes the nipples and determines the presence/absence of discharge from them, and also palpates the regional lymph nodes (axillary, sub- and supraclavicular).

TO instrumental methods Diagnosis of mastopathy includes:

• Mammography

The essence this method consists of an X-ray examination of the chest. Mammography is indicated for women at significant risk for breast cancer, as well as all women 35 years of age and older during medical examination. inspection. X-rays of the mammary glands are performed in the first half of the cycle (days 7–10) and always in 2 projections (frontal and lateral). The advantages of mammography include high information content (up to 97%) and the ability to detect non-palpable formations.

• Ultrasound of the mammary glands

This examination is indicated for women under 35 years of age, as well as for pregnant and breastfeeding women. The advantages of the method are harmlessness and safety, high resolution, the ability to examine breast implants or in case of existing trauma and/or inflammation of the breast, and the ability to examine regional lymph nodes. Among the disadvantages of the method: it is impossible to examine the mammary gland as a whole, but only a “slice”, little information content in case of fatty degeneration of the breast, subjective assessment of the images (depending on the qualifications and experience of the doctor).

• Needle biopsy

If a suspicious area (compaction or cavity formation) is identified, a fine-needle puncture of the pathological focus is performed, followed by a histological examination of the contents.

• Hormonal status study

First of all, the level of estrogen and progesterone is determined; if hyperprolactinemia is suspected, the level of prolactin is determined, and if necessary, adrenal and thyroid hormones are examined.

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs

It is carried out to exclude diseases of the ovaries and uterus.

• Biochemical blood test

Liver enzymes, blood sugar and other indicators are examined to exclude concomitant extragenital diseases.

In addition, from additional ways examination of the mammary glands uses (if necessary) ductography (examination of milk ducts), pneumocystography (examination of cavity formation), laser and digital mammography, thermography, magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

If mastopathy is detected, treatment should be carried out in mandatory and its tactics depend on a number of factors: the age of the patient, the form of the disease, the presence concomitant pathology, interest in pregnancy or contraception. Fibrocystic mastopathy involves treatment both conservatively and surgically.

Conservative treatment only patients with a diagnosed form are exposed to diffuse mastopathy, and after consultation with a mammologist-oncologist. Conservative therapy is carried out with non-hormonal and hormonal drugs.

Non-hormonal treatments

• Vitamins

Vitamin A is prescribed, which has an anti-estrogenic effect, vitamin E, which enhances the effect of progesterone, vitamin B6, which reduces the content of prolactin, vitamins PP, P and ascorbic acid, which strengthen the vascular wall, normalize microcirculation and reduce swelling of the mammary glands. In addition, all of the above vitamin preparations improve liver function, where estrogens are inactivated and generally have a beneficial effect on mammary gland tissue.

• Iodine preparations

Iodomarin and iodine active are used, which normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland and participate in the formation of its hormones (see).

• Sedatives and biostimulants (adaptogens)

Prescription (motherwort, valerian, peony tincture) normalizes the patient’s psycho-emotional state, improves sleep and increases resistance to stress. Adaptogens (eleutherococcus, radiola rosea) stimulate the immune system, normalize metabolic processes in the body, improve liver and brain function.

• Herbal remedies

Mastodinone, cyclodinone or remens are used, which have a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, eliminate pathological processes in the mammary glands, reduce the concentration of prolactin.

The prescription of drugs such as indomethacin, nise, or not only reduces pain by suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandins, the “causative agents” of pain, but also relieves swelling and engorgement of the mammary glands.

• Diuretics

Diuretics (Lasix or: lingonberry leaf, kidney tea, ) help reduce swelling in the mammary glands and reduce pain.

Hormone therapy

This is the main link of conservative treatment, it consists of prescribing the following groups of drugs:

• Gestagens

Taking utrozhestan, duphaston, norkolut, pregnin and other drugs in the second phase of the cycle reduces the synthesis of estrogen and normalizes progesterone levels, which has a beneficial effect on the course of mastopathy. The duration of taking progestin agents is at least 4 months. Possibly local application gestagens (progestogel) - applying a gel to the surface of the mammary glands twice a day for at least 3 to 4 months, which promotes the absorption of 90% of progesterone by mammary tissue and eliminates side effects.

• Prolactin production inhibitors

Parlodel suppresses the secretion of prolactin and is prescribed for detected hyperprolactinemia.

• Androgens

Treatment with androgens (methyltestosterone, danazol, testobromlecid) is carried out for women after 45 years of age for 4 to 6 months continuously. Androgens inhibit the release of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland, suppress their effect on the ovaries and inhibit the production of hormones by the ovaries.

• Antiestrogens

Tamoxifen and other drugs in this group are taken continuously for 3 months.

• Combined oral contraceptives

Taking Marvelon, Rigevidon and others contraceptive drugs indicated for patients under 35 years of age with anovulation and disruption of the second phase of the cycle.

Surgical treatment indicated for the detection of nodular mastopathy (fibroadenoma or cyst) and consists of either sectoral resection of the mammary gland (removal of the pathological focus along with the breast sector) or enucleation (husking) of the tumor/cyst. Indications for surgery are: suspicion of cancer according to histological examination of punctate, rapid growth fibroadenomas, cyst recurrence after a previous puncture.

Question - answer

Is pregnancy allowed with mastopathy?

Pregnancy has a beneficial effect on the course of mastopathy, since the change (increased secretion of progesterone) during gestation not only stops the disease, but promotes complete recovery.

Is it possible to breastfeed with mastopathy?

Not only is it possible, but it is also necessary. Lactation is the prevention of breast diseases, and in the case of mastopathy, it helps to normalize processes in the tissues of the mammary glands (the growth of the epithelium of the glandular tissue increases, which suppresses the proliferation of pathological cells).

Is it possible to use alternative treatment for mastopathy?

Yes, use methods traditional treatment with this disease it is possible, but only when combined with drug treatment and after consulting a doctor.

What traditional treatment methods are used for mastopathy?

One of effective ways traditional therapy is to use fresh cabbage. You can apply a fresh cabbage leaf with cut veins to your chest overnight, wrapping it in a towel, or you can twist the cabbage and pumpkin (1:1) through a meat grinder, distribute the resulting mass evenly over the mammary glands, wrap it in plastic, and then with gauze and leave the compress for 2 hours. . Such treatment relieves pain and inflammation, reduces swelling in the mammary glands and is carried out in courses of 7 to 14 days.

Why is mastopathy dangerous?

Complications of mastopathy include relapse of the disease after drug treatment, which is possible with undiagnosed hormonal disorders, suppuration and rupture of a breast cyst and the degeneration of fibroadenoma into cancer (less than 1% in the non-proliferating form and reaches 32% in the case of pronounced proliferation of fibroadenoma). Therefore, nodular mastopathy must be treated surgically without delay.

Is it possible to sunbathe with mastopathy?

Sunbathing, as well as other thermal procedures (visiting a bathhouse or sauna) is prohibited for this disease. It should be remembered that with any form of mastopathy, a woman is included in the group high risk for breast cancer, and insolation and any other type of “heating” of the breast contributes to the transition of diffuse mastopathy to nodular or malignancy of a benign breast tumor.

Is it necessary to follow a diet?

Yes, with mastopathy you should adhere to the principles therapeutic nutrition, which excludes the intake of chocolate, coffee, tea and cocoa due to their high content of methylxanthines, which not only increase pain, but also contribute to the progression of the disease. The diet should be rich in fresh vegetables and fruits (sources of vitamins and coarse fiber, which improves intestinal function), grains and bran products, fermented milk and seafood (sources of calcium and iodine), vegetable oils (vitamin E).

How to prevent the disease?

To prevent the development of mastopathy, it is necessary to adhere to several principles:

• give up bad habits;
• wearing comfortable, appropriately sized underwear;
• refusal of abortion;
• avoid stress (if possible);
• adhere to the principles of breastfeeding;
• be regularly checked by a doctor;
• avoid chest injuries;
• maintain regular sex life.

After 30 years, every woman should spend at least once a month self-examination mammary gland, and also regularly visit a mammologist. This will allow early stage detect compactions and establish their nature. The diagnosis of “mastopathy” causes fear in women, as it is associated with cancer. However this benign education rarely becomes malignant. At an early stage, it can be treated with medication. In some cases, seals are removed surgically.

Content:

What is the disease

Fibrocystic mastopathy is a disorder of the structure of the mammary gland, formed due to pathological growth glandular and fibrous tissues and the appearance of voids (cysts) filled with fluid. There are diffuse forms of mastopathy (extensive damage to breast tissue) and nodular ones (one or more lumps that do not have clear boundaries).

Seals may form with a predominance of one tissue (glandular, connective). Sometimes cystic neoplasms occur (with a predominance of voids). Mixed mastopathy often occurs.

The disease can be recognized by the following symptoms:

1. Swelling of the mammary gland, pain. This condition is easily confused with premenstrual tension of the gland, when pain also appears, which subsequently goes away.
2. Change in shape, asymmetrical arrangement of nipples.
3. The appearance of compactions with unclear boundaries, not fused to the skin, which distinguishes them from cancerous tumors.

Causes of the disease

The causes of mastopathy are hormonal disorders associated with diseases of the ovaries, thyroid gland, adrenal glands and pituitary gland. Hormones are produced here that are responsible for the functionality of the reproductive system and the condition of the mammary glands (estrogen, progesterone, prolactin). The disease occurs when there is an abnormal decrease in progesterone levels due to an increase in estrogen or prolactin levels. The disease most often occurs in women reproductive age(30-50 years old). At the same time, an abnormal disturbance in the composition of hormones cannot always be noticed against the background of natural age-related changes. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the appearance of any unusual symptoms, especially when seals are detected.

It should be noted: Women who are overweight are at risk. Obesity not only indicates a hormonal imbalance, but also makes it difficult to detect lumps by palpation.

To treat fibrocystic mastopathy, it is necessary to eliminate the causes that caused the hormonal imbalance. The most common ones are:

• diseases of the stomach and intestines;
• liver diseases;
• diabetes mellitus

The causes of hormonal disorders can be interrupted pregnancy or refusal to breastfeed. The factor of heredity matters, as well as the influence environmental problems and stressful situations.

Video: Causes, treatment and prevention of fibrocystic mastopathy

Diagnosis of FC mastopathy

In order to choose a method of getting rid of fibrocystic mastopathy, an examination is carried out using the following methods:

• mammography ( X-ray examination seals);
• laboratory blood test for hormone levels;
• ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the mammary glands;
• biopsy (tissue collection from the lump using a thin needle and subsequent examination of its composition);
• pneumocystography (examination of fluid filling cysts).

Important: Most often, timely treatment can be started by a careful examination of the mammary glands, carried out independently. You need to know how to carry it out correctly in order to detect individual lumps and enlarged axillary lymph nodes.

Treatment of FC mastopathy

There are 2 methods of treating fibrocystic mastopathy:

1. Conservative. It is carried out with the help of hormonal drugs, general medications, and diet.
2. Surgical removal diseased tissue.

Conservative treatment involves normalizing the hormonal ratio and reducing the size of the lumps. Depending on the cause of the disease, the patient is referred for examination to a gynecologist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist or other specialist.

Restoring hormonal balance

Consists primarily in eliminating the disease that caused hormonal imbalance. Stabilization of condition endocrine glands, gastrointestinal tract helps prevent the appearance of new formations, reduce the size of existing ones, reduce or eliminate pain.

Treatment with hormonal drugs is prescribed individually and is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Medicines used in the form of tablets, injections or gels applied to the mammary gland. Women under 35 years of age may be prescribed hormonal contraceptives.

It should be emphasized: Treatment is carried out strictly as prescribed by the doctor, since uncontrolled reception hormonal drugs can cause menstrual irregularities, obesity and other complications.

Video: What to eat for fibrocystic mastopathy

Drug treatment

The following drugs are used:

1. Painkillers non-steroidal drugs anti-inflammatory action (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac). Relieving pain helps restore sleep.
2. Vitamin complexes to strengthen the immune system.
3. Homeopathic remedies are also taken to strengthen protective forces organism (Mastopol, Mastodinon).
4. Antidepressants and sleeping pills. They are prescribed for depression, irritability, insomnia (signs accompanying fibrocystic mastopathy).
5. Diuretics. They are taken to eliminate swelling of the breast tissue that occurs with mastopathy. Under the influence of these drugs, the outflow of blood through the veins improves, and its circulation in the tissues of the mammary gland improves. Increased excretion of urine leads to a decrease in the content of potassium and magnesium in the blood. Without these elements it is impossible normal operation cardiovascular and nervous systems. Therefore, diuretics are usually taken simultaneously with drugs containing these elements.
6. Iodine preparations. It is especially important to use them in the initial stage of treatment. They improve the functioning of the thyroid gland. The hormones that it produces are necessary for normal functioning reproductive system, regulation of the menstrual cycle.

The role of dietary nutrition in FC mastopathy

IN therapeutic diet includes fortified foods with a reduced content of carbohydrates and fats. It is necessary to improve the functioning of the digestive system. It is recommended to consume seafood (algae, fish, shellfish, caviar) containing iodine. Great content Walnuts and mushrooms contain this microelement.

You can use recipes traditional medicine for preparing decoctions to improve sleep, relieve pain, and also have a diuretic effect, containing iodine and other useful elements.

The use of thermal procedures, including physiotherapy, in the treatment of FC mastopathy is not recommended, as they can intensify inflammatory processes.

Video: The importance of diet for mastopathy

Surgical treatment of FC mastopathy

Fibrocystic mastopathy, treatment of which with conservative methods does not bring results, is eliminated surgically. Surgical removal of affected tissue is prescribed in the following cases:

• rapid growth of the tumor occurs;
• treatment with medications is not possible due to diabetes mellitus;
• a biopsy reveals malignant degeneration;
• available genetic predisposition to breast cancer.

During the operation, a separate sector of the mammary gland is removed, in which cysts and lumps are found ( sectoral resection). The operation is performed within 40 minutes under general anesthesia.

After the operation, antibiotics and vitamins are prescribed. As necessary, pain relief and sedatives are administered. Hormonal treatment may be used to prevent relapses. In this case, the woman needs to treat the underlying disease that caused the imbalance of hormones with the help of appropriate medications prescribed by a specialist.

The most common benign breast disease is mastopathy, or fibrocystic disease. Symptoms of the pathology, the main of which is pain in the mammary gland, are associated with the development of areas of compacted tissue, as well as the appearance of cysts different sizes. Treatment of the pathology depends on the stage at which it was discovered: at the beginning of its course, mastopathy in women responds well to medication and homeopathic treatment, and for large sizes benign tumors Surgery may be required.

Signs of mastopathy are detected in at least half of women of reproductive age. The development of pathology is usually associated with hormonal imbalance in the body, due to which areas of connective tissue grow in the mammary glands. When palpating the breast, sometimes you can independently detect lumps that do not have clear boundaries, which is the basis for visiting a mammologist.

Types of fibrocystic mastopathy

Despite the fact that the symptoms of mastopathy are similar for any type, in clinical practice There are three main forms of this disease:

1. Mastalgia. More often recognized as the initial stage of fibrocystic mastopathy. Its main symptoms are severe pain in the mammary glands without signs of tissue compaction.
2. Localized (nodular) mastopathy. Pathological signs in this case develop in a limited area of ​​the mammary gland, for example, in one of its quadrants.
3. Diffuse mastopathy. With this type of disease, signs of mastopathy - cysts, lumps - are found throughout the entire area of ​​the mammary glands.

Diffuse mastopathy, in turn, is divided into three types:

• Diffuse fibrous, when the mammary glands mostly have areas increased density. Fibrous mastopathy often develops with the formation of fibroadenomas - benign breast tumors in women.
• Diffuse cystic, when the pathological formations are dominated by cysts - cavities with fluid (areas of fibrosis are present in smaller numbers).
• Mixed (cystic fibrous). In this case, cysts and lumps are evenly distributed throughout the mammary glands.

Causes of mastopathy

The leading role in the occurrence of fibrocystic mastopathy in women belongs to a lack of the hormone progesterone and an increase in estrogen levels. That is, the causes of the disease are associated with hyperestrogenism, against the background of which areas of connective tissue grow, the alveoli and ducts of the mammary gland become denser. Hormonal causes of mastopathy can also be caused by an increase in the production of prolactin, a hormone responsible for the functions and condition of the mammary glands. It is prolactin in excess that increases the sensitivity of breast tissue to the influence of estrogens.

Risk factors for the development of fibrocystic mastopathy are as follows:

• early menopause;
• no childbirth before age 30;
• refusal of breastfeeding after childbirth;
• abortions, miscarriages;
• numerous births;
• disruptions during the menstrual cycle;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• long-term use of hormonal contraceptives;
• congenital abnormalities of the structure or function of the genital organs.

The causes of mastopathy may also lie in other diseases of hormone-producing organs. Thus, many women with diseases of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and thyroid gland are simultaneously diagnosed with fibrocystic mastopathy. The causes of the disease may also be associated with hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms of the pathology are often detected in women suffering from diseases of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Often, mastopathy is disguised as severe PMS, an irregular cycle, and is combined with uterine fibroids and, oddly enough, with osteochondrosis of the thoracic segment of the spine. Other risk factors include smoking, vitamin deficiency, obesity, and water-salt imbalance due to insufficient fluid intake.

Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy

The signs of mastopathy in women are varied. Often there are no symptoms of the disease at all, which often happens in the presence of nodular mastopathy with the formation of a single small fibroadenoma. Symptoms are not observed at the initial stage of diffuse mastopathy, when only microcysts of the mammary gland ducts appear. If there is a clinic, signs of mastopathy may be as follows:

• Severe swelling, hardening of the breasts before menstruation due to edema and venous stagnation;
• Pain in the mammary glands (aching, tugging, pulling varying degrees intensity);
• Radiating pain to the axillary region, to the shoulder, to the scapula due to compression of small nerve roots by cysts and fibroadenomas;
• Increased nipple sensitivity;
• Sometimes - enlargement of regional lymph nodes (there are no signs of inflammation), accompanied by mild pain;
• Discharge from the nipples that appears when pressure is applied or flows freely. The discharge is often intermittent and may have a clear, whitish, or bloody-brown color. If you experience bloody discharge, you should immediately consult a doctor!

And, of course, important symptoms of the disease are the detection of lumps in the mammary gland - multiple or single, which are often located in the upper outer quadrants of the breast. Often touching the affected area causes pain, and this pain intensifies before menstruation. Some women note a general compactness of the entire mammary gland, but isolated formations of dense consistency should cause greater concern. They may indicate signs of complications of mastopathy in women and require immediate diagnosis.

Consequences and complications of fibrocystic mastopathy

In most cases, the disease does not pose a threat to life, but its symptoms can cause significant inconvenience and even reduce productivity and quality of life. But recent studies have proven that fibrocystic mastopathy is a precancerous disease. Certainly, severe complications and the transition of the disease to oncological pathology does not always occur, but the risk of developing breast cancer in women with mastopathy is 3-5 times higher. The presence of single nodes, dense and difficult to move during palpation, is especially dangerous: they can mean malignancy of benign tumors. Also, hormonal disorders in mastopathy are a favorable background for the development of cervical and ovarian cancer, so if there are signs of the disease, you should always be on guard!

Pregnancy with mastopathy

Doctors reassure women who are interested in how pregnancy and mastopathy proceed. In 99% of cases, the disease does not affect pregnancy or the ability to conceive at all. On the contrary, increased production of progesterone during pregnancy often helps reduce the production of estrogen and cure mastopathy. Long-term breastfeeding after childbirth contributes to a significant reduction in the size of cysts and fibroadenomas. Therefore, there are no contraindications to becoming a mother with mastopathy.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

The most important method for detecting pathology is regular self-examination of the mammary glands. Among the medical methods for diagnosing the disease, the leading ones are:

• Ultrasound of the mammary glands. This is the leading technique in identifying nodules and cysts in women under 40 years of age. Signs of mastopathy are usually defined as areas of altered echogenicity compared to normal organ tissue.
• Mammography. The resulting images in 2 projections are very informative and help clarify the diagnosis.
• MRI of the mammary glands. Due to the high cost and availability of other precise methods used infrequently.
• Ductography. If necessary, examination of the milk ducts is performed after administration. contrast agent through the nipple.
• Biopsy. The main method for diagnosing cancerous or precancerous tumors. Thus, any fibroadenoma or areas of nodular mastopathy more than 0.5 cm in diameter should be biopsied for cell cytology.

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

Therapy for women with a nodular form of the disease always begins with a puncture (biopsy) using fine-needle aspiration. It is this method that will allow us to differentiate mastopathy from breast cancer and prescribe adequate treatment. At the same time, correction may be necessary gynecological problems, hormonal imbalances and other related diseases.

Diet for mastopathy

A woman’s nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of breast diseases. The nature of nutrition has an additional impact on hormone metabolism. The diet for fibrocystic mastopathy should limit animal fats and meat, because these products increase estrogen levels. It has been noted that constant consumption of coffee, cocoa, and black tea causes the growth of connective tissue in the breast, as well as further filling of the cysts with fluid. If you have mastopathy, it is better to avoid alcohol, spicy and fried foods, and soda.

It is known that the disease is aggravated by bad work intestines, so treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy should begin with getting rid of constipation. To do this, a sufficient amount of plant fiber (vegetables, fruits, whole grain bread) is introduced into the diet and an optimal drinking regime is ensured. All food of animal origin should be low-fat and prepared using gentle cooking methods.

Drug treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

At the initial stage, treatment of diffuse mastopathy, in addition to diet, does not include hormonal drugs, predominantly herbal or homeopathic. They usually give excellent results: pain quickly decreases, cysts resolve, and the mammary glands become softer. Popular drugs for the treatment of mastopathy (combinations are selected only by the attending physician):

• Mastodinon;
• Mastoprof tea;
• Mastofit;
• Mastopol;
• Mastopathy drops;
• Mamoklam;
• Cyclodinone;
• Klamin;
• Phytolon.

Doctors often recommend vitamin-mineral complexes as very effective medications for mastopathy. Particularly valuable is the presence of vitamins A, E, as well as iodine and selenium, which improve hormonal metabolism processes. With pronounced pain syndrome The woman is prescribed painkillers. Sedatives and granulated homeopathic preparations are often recommended to the patient.

External treatment will help improve the effect - daily gentle rubbing of gels and creams based on oleoresin, Mastocrel, Root, Mastofit, Projectogel, etc. into the mammary glands. Additional treatment for the disease is possible folk remedies- such as cabbage leaf, hemlock tincture, various herbs, etc. Herbal medicine received wide application in getting rid of fibrocystic mastopathy, having a resolving, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect.

Hormonal treatment of fibrous mastopathy, as well as its nodular forms, is prescribed when the above methods of therapy are ineffective. In many cases, oral contraceptives of the progestogen group help normalize the condition of the mammary glands. They can be prescribed as injections and even implanted under the skin (for example, Norplant), but are more often used as tablets for mastopathy and taken during the cycle. There are others hormonal agents, which cause temporary menopause (Buserelin, Zoladex) and help eliminate fluctuations in estrogen levels in different phases of the cycle. If there is a proven lack of the hormone prolactin, treatment with Parlodel and Dostinex is prescribed.

In addition to contraceptives, treatment of mastopathy with the use of tableted gestagens gives good results. These primarily include Duphaston - an analogue natural progesterone, as well as Utrozhestan - natural progesterone in the form of tablets or vaginal suppositories. Such drugs are usually used for therapy for 3-6 months.

Another type of hormonal treatment is testosterone injections or steroid-based medications. They inhibit estrogen synthesis, but are not used in the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy in women under 40 years of age. In combination with any hormonal treatment, local progesterone preparations in the form of ointments and creams are prescribed.

Treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies

Folk remedies should be used without prejudice to conservative therapy and with the approval of a mammologist. Most often, experts themselves recommend taking herbal infusions based on St. John's wort, calendula, valerian, nettle, burdock, etc. It should be remembered that baths and hot water procedures, as well as tanning, should be used with caution. If you do visit the bathhouse, you should avoid staying in the steam room for a long time, and cover your mammary glands with a sheet. Steaming with a broom is strictly prohibited!

Red brush

The red brush plant normalizes hormonal levels for mastopathy, but during treatment with folk remedies using this herb you cannot take hormonal medications at the same time. For administration, a tincture of 50 g is prepared. plants and 0.5 l. vodka. The tincture is kept in the dark for 30 days, after which it is taken a teaspoon three times a day for a month. After a break of 21 days, the course is repeated.

Cabbage leaf

In the treatment of disease with folk remedies, cabbage leaf is one of the most effective. The leaf of this garden plant, when applied externally, quickly relieves pain and inflammation. In addition, cabbage leaf has an excellent absorbent effect. For treatment fresh leaf with dense sections cut off, applied to the mammary gland under the bra. It is advisable to leave the sheet overnight and treat in this way for at least 14 days.

You can use cabbage leaves in other ways. It is ground in a meat grinder into a paste and mixed with grated pumpkin (about 50 grams of pumpkin for one large leaf). Distribute the mass over the chest, wrap it in a film like a compress and secure with gauze. Keep the product on your chest for 2 hours, then wash it off. The course of treatment with folk remedies in this case is from 7 procedures.

Hemlock tincture

Preparations based on hemlock are well-known folk “healers” for any type of mastopathy. Often, hemlock tincture is prescribed even for malignancy of benign breast tumors in conjunction with conservative treatment.

Hemlock tincture is prepared as follows. Fill a glass jar up to a third with dried hemlock tops and flowers, and then fill it to the top with vodka. One-fifth of the volume of the jar of hemlock seeds is also placed there, preferably fresh. Keep the product for 2 weeks in a dark place, after which it can be taken.

Hemlock tincture is poisonous, so during treatment you need to carefully monitor your own well-being. For the treatment of mastopathy, drink 15 drops of this remedy per day for 4-6 months. More than 60% of women with mastopathy experience significant improvements after a course of therapy.

Phytocollection

Folk remedies for fibrocystic mastopathy often involve drinking infusions medicinal herbs or fees. For example, you can combine 1 part nettle, sage, 2 parts plantain and wormwood. Brew a spoonful of this product with a glass of boiling water and let it brew for an hour. Drink a day, divided into 3 doses.

Propolis

Propolis-based products help well against mastopathy. Having bought propolis tincture at the pharmacy, drink it a teaspoon twice a day before meals, diluting it with water. At the same time, you can rub any propolis-based cream into the skin of the mammary glands.

Surgical treatment of mastopathy

Surgery may be required if a large fibroadenoma or cyst forms, or if there is a threat of the formation becoming cancerous. Indications for surgery also include intensive growth of the formation and relapse of nodular mastopathy after complete cure. There are two types of operations:

1. enucleation, or enucleation of a tumor or cyst and removal from breast tissue;
2. sectoral resection, or removal of a formation with part of the mammary gland.

The duration of the operation, as a rule, does not exceed 40 minutes, and anesthesia during it can be general or local (according to indications). All extracted tissues must be sent for histological examination to confirm the diagnosis.

Prevention of fibrocystic mastopathy

Mammologists advise always keeping the condition of the mammary glands under control and performing an ultrasound scan at least once a year. After 40 years of age, a woman should have an annual mammogram. To prevent the development of the disease, you should:

• monitor the regularity of the menstrual cycle;
• treat all endocrine pathologies;
• avoid stress and poor nutrition;
• fight obesity and bad habits;
• do not abuse coffee, black tea, meat foods;
• play sports, lead an active lifestyle.

A significant role in the prevention of the disease is played by the regularity of a woman’s sexual life and the prevention of abortions, which will help maintain hormonal balance and not be included in the statistical figures for the incidence of mastopathy.