Various formations under the skin: bumps, balls, compactions, tumors - this is a common problem that almost every person faces. In most cases, these formations are harmless, but some of them require emergency treatment.

Lumps and lumps under the skin can develop on any part of the body: face, arms and legs, back, abdomen, etc. Sometimes these formations are hidden in the folds of the skin, on the scalp, or grow so slowly that for a long time remain invisible and are discovered when they reach large sizes. They are usually asymptomatic benign neoplasms skin and soft tissues.

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Lumps, seals, causing pain or discomfort are more often a consequence of infection. They may be accompanied by an increase in general or local temperature. The skin over them usually turns red. arise comorbid disorders: general malaise, headache, weakness, etc. When timely treatment Such formations usually pass quickly.

Much less common are malignant neoplasms of the skin and underlying tissues, which can be palpated or noticed on your own. You need to be able to recognize these diseases in time and consult a doctor as soon as possible. Below we outline the most common skin lesions that may cause concern.

Lipoma (wen)

Lumps under the skin most often turn out to be lipomas. These are benign, completely safe tumors from fat cells. Lipoma can be felt under the skin as a soft formation with clear boundaries, sometimes with a bumpy surface. The skin over the lipoma is of normal color and density, easily folded.

Atheroma

Atheroma is often confused with lipoma, also called a wen. In fact, it is a cyst, that is, stretched sebaceous gland, which is clogged excretory duct. The contents of the atheroma - sebum - gradually accumulate, stretching the capsule of the gland.

To the touch it is a dense, round formation with clear boundaries. The skin over the atheroma cannot be folded; sometimes the surface of the skin takes on a bluish color and you can see a point on it - a blocked duct. Atheroma can become inflamed and fester. If necessary, it can be removed by a surgeon.

Nodules on the joints

Various diseases joints: arthritis and arthrosis are often accompanied by the appearance of small, hard, immobile nodules under the skin. Similar formations in the area elbow joint are called rheumatoid nodules and are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Nodules on the extensor surface of the joints of the fingers - Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes accompany deforming osteoarthritis.

Gouty nodes - tophi, which are accumulations of salts, can reach a significant size uric acid and grow on people's joints, for many years those suffering from gout.

Hernia

It feels like a soft protrusion under the skin, which can appear during exercise and disappear completely when lying down or at rest. A hernia forms in the navel area, postoperative scar on the stomach, groin, inner thigh. The hernia may be painful when palpated. Sometimes you can push it back in with your fingers.

A hernia is formed internal organs abdomen, which are squeezed out through weak points V abdominal wall during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure: when coughing, lifting heavy objects, etc. Find out whether a hernia can be cured using traditional methods, and why it is dangerous.

Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)

Most often accompanied colds. Lymph nodes are small round formations that can be felt under the skin in the form of soft elastic balls the size of a pea to a plum, not fused to the surface of the skin.

Lymph nodes are located in groups in the neck area, under lower jaw, above and below the collarbones, in the armpits, in the elbow and knee bends, in the groin and other parts of the body. These are components of the immune system that, like a filter, pass interstitial fluid through themselves, clearing it of infection, foreign inclusions and damaged cells, including tumor cells.

An increase in the size of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), which becomes painful when palpated, usually accompanies infectious diseases: sore throat, otitis media, gumboil, panaritium, as well as wounds and burns. Treatment of the underlying disease leads to a reduction in the node.

If the skin over the lymph node turns red, and palpation becomes sharply painful, the development of lymphadenitis is likely - a purulent lesion of the node itself. In this case, you need to contact a surgeon. Minor surgery may be required, and early treatment can sometimes clear up the infection with antibiotics.

The reasons for them are different: more often it is viral infection, mechanical injury, hormonal disorders. Sometimes warts and papillomas grow “out of the blue”, without apparent reason and can be located on any part of the body, including the mucous membranes of the genital organs. For the most part, these are harmless growths that cause only cosmetic discomfort or interfere with wearing clothes or underwear. However, the variety of their shapes, colors and sizes does not allow one to independently distinguish a benign wart, condyloma or soft fibroma from malignant diseases skin. Therefore, if a suspicious growth appears on the skin, it is advisable to show it to a dermatologist or oncologist.

Lump in the breast (in the mammary gland)

Almost every woman experiences breast lumps at various times in her life. In the second phase of the cycle, especially on the eve of menstruation, small lumps may be felt in the breasts. Usually, with the onset of menstruation, these formations disappear and they are associated with normal changes in the mammary glands under the influence of hormones.

If hardening or peas in the breast are palpable and after menstruation, it is advisable to contact a gynecologist who will examine the mammary glands and, if necessary, prescribe additional research. In most cases, breast formations turn out to be benign; some of them are recommended to be removed, while others can be treated conservatively.

Reasons to urgently consult a doctor are:

• rapid increase in the size of the node;
• pain in the mammary glands, regardless of the phase of the cycle;
• the formation does not have clear boundaries or the contours are uneven;
• over the node there is retracted or deformed skin, an ulcer;
• there is discharge from the nipple;
• Enlarged lymph nodes can be felt in the armpits.

Skin inflammation and ulcers

A whole group of skin lesions may be associated with infection. The most common cause of inflammation and suppuration is the bacterium staphylococcus. The skin in the affected area turns red, swelling and thickening appear various sizes. The surface of the skin becomes hot and painful to the touch, and may also increase general temperature bodies.

Sometimes the inflammation quickly spreads across the skin, covering large areas. Such a diffuse lesion is characteristic of erysipelas (erysipelas). More serious condition- phlegmon is purulent inflammation subcutaneous fat tissue. Focal ones are common inflammatory diseases: carbuncle and furuncle, which are formed when damaged hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Surgeons treat purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues. If redness, pain and swelling appear on the skin, accompanied by an increase in temperature, you should seek help as soon as possible. In the initial stages, the problem can be solved with the help of antibiotics, in more advanced stages advanced cases you have to resort to surgery.

Malignant tumors

Compared to other skin lesions malignant tumors are very rare. As a rule, at first a focus of compaction or a nodule appears in the thickness of the skin, which gradually grows. Usually the tumor does not hurt or itch. The surface of the skin may be normal, flaky, crusty, or dark in color.

Signs of malignancy are:

• uneven and unclear boundaries of the tumor;
• enlargement of nearby lymph nodes;
• rapid growth education;
• adhesion to the surface of the skin, inactivity when palpating;
• bleeding and ulceration on the surface of the lesion.

A tumor can develop at the site of a mole, like melanoma. May be located under the skin, like a sarcoma, or in situ lymph node- lymphoma. If you suspect malignancy skin, you need to see an oncologist as soon as possible.

Localization and translation prepared by Napopravku.ru. NHS Choices provided the original content for free. It is available from www.nhs.uk. NHS Choices has not reviewed, and takes no responsibility for, the localization or translation of its original content

Copyright notice: “Department of Health original content 2019”

All site materials have been checked by doctors. However, even the most reliable article does not allow us to take into account all the features of the disease in a particular person. Therefore, the information posted on our website cannot replace a visit to the doctor, but only complements it. The articles have been prepared for informational purposes and are advisory in nature.

One of the most common extra-articular signs of rheumatoid arthritis. This symptom occurs in approximately 10% of patients with a seropositive form of the disease. As a rule, rheumatoid nodules develop in the subcutaneous tissue, often in places subject to pressure and trauma. Their most common localization is the area of ​​the elbow joint and the extensor surface of the forearm. Often the nodules are located on the hands in the area of ​​the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, as well as on the palms and in soft tissues finger pads. They can also be observed on the feet in places where shoes press, in particular on the heels and along the heel tendons. In patients who spend most of their time in a sitting position, nodules are often found on the buttocks and above the projection of the ischial tuberosities. In patients bedridden, they can be located in the area of ​​the back of the head, shoulder blades, spine, and sacrum. In patients who wear glasses, nodules are sometimes observed on the bridge of the nose.

If you suspect rheumatoid arthritis(RA) conduct a targeted search for nodules, since they can be single and small, located in unusual places and, thus, elude the doctor’s attention or be misinterpreted. This is also facilitated by the fact that rheumatoid nodules are painless in almost all cases. Their sensitivity to palpation, and even more so ulceration or suppuration, is very rare.

The size of rheumatoid nodules can vary from a few millimeters to 3-4 cm in diameter. Small nodules are sometimes so hard that they are mistaken for gouty tophi. Larger ones are characterized by a consistency reminiscent of dense rubber. Occasionally, nodules are perceived as cysts, and sometimes there is a certain amount of fluid in their center. In many patients, the nodules are mobile subcutaneous tissue. However, quite often they are tightly fixed to the underlying periosteum or to the fascia and tendons. In the latter case, this can lead to a tear or complete rupture of the tendons, in particular the heel or extensor digitorum tendons. back side brushes

The number of nodules can vary from one to several dozen. There is a description of nodulosis - a special course of RA, which is characterized by very modest clinical symptoms of synovitis in combination with numerous rheumatoid nodules that have a typical histological structure. This variant occurs in most cases in men, usually over the age of 40. Synovitis can be mild and sometimes reversible. X-rays may reveal clear intraosseous cysts or small erosive changes. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is found in the blood serum in a moderate or high titer, which is typical for almost all patients with rheumatoid nodules. Some patients also experience concomitant visceral manifestations, most often pulmonary or pleural. Rheumatoid nodulosis is considered as a unique variant of RA, in which specific extra-articular manifestations come to the fore, being clinically more pronounced than the symptoms of synovitis. The same picture can be observed in some patients with Kaplan syndrome, Felty syndrome, etc. At the same time, in some patients, rheumatoid nodulosis after a few years transforms into the classic version of RA with severe polyarthritic syndrome and progressive destruction of the joints.

There are isolated descriptions of the isolated development and then complete disappearance of rheumatoid nodules of a typical histological structure in the absence of any symptoms from the joints. In some of these patients, RF was observed in the serum.

Extracutaneous localization of rheumatoid nodules is observed quite rarely, but its possibility should be constantly borne in mind, since in some patients it turns out to be the cause of non-standard clinical symptoms. Rheumatoid nodules were found in the synovial membrane of joints, where sometimes they reached such large sizes, which impeded movement, as well as in muscles, bones and tendons, sometimes leading to their rupture.

In most patients, rheumatoid nodules are clinically asymptomatic; this also applies to rare visceral localizations. However, in this regard, serious exceptions are possible, not to mention real diagnostic difficulties. Thus, single or multiple nodules in the pleura and lungs, especially if they precede obvious arthritis, raise the idea of ​​oncological pathology. Some of them disintegrate with the possibility of a breakthrough in pleural cavity and the formation of pneumothorax. In the heart, nodules were found (usually not clinically, but morphologically) in the myocardium, pericardium and on the valve leaflets. Relevant clinical manifestations There were conduction disturbances and aortic valve insufficiency.

Very rarely, nodules develop in the retina with visual impairment and in the sclera with the risk of perforation. When localized on vocal cords pain, hoarseness, dysphonia and respiratory distress are possible, although in RA these symptoms are more often associated with damage to the cricoid-arytenoid joints. Asymptomatic rheumatoid nodules in the central nervous system have also been described, which may result in symptoms of spinal cord compression.

Thus, rheumatoid nodules located in the subcutaneous tissue are one of the most specific signs of seropositive RA. Being mostly clinically asymptomatic, they nevertheless indicate an expansion of the springboard of the main pathological process and, according to a number of authors, indicate a more serious prognosis of joint pathology and disease in general. This judgment, apparently, can be recognized as correct only with a general statistical assessment; The individual prognostic value of rheumatoid nodules is small.

Based on materials from Y.A. Sigidin

Orthopedic traumatologist of the first category, Research Institute, 2012

Rheumatoid nodules: causes of occurrence and development of neoplasms, diagnostic methods. Drug treatment rheumatoid nodules and traditional medicine recipes.

Rheumatoid nodules are enough solid seals, formed under the skin. They form above the joint affected by rheumatoid arthritis and are the most common extra-articular sign of its manifestation.

Rheumatoid nodules – autoimmune disease, which is associated with damage to the connective articular tissue formed in connection with negative influence immune system on it.

The size of such nodules can vary in parameters: they can be found as small as a pea or as large as a large one. walnut. However, not every person suffering from a disease such as rheumatoid arthritis has these tumors.

Some nodules are mobile, i.e. mobile. Others, on the other hand, are firmly fixed in place because they are connected to tendons or other subcutaneous tissue called fascia.

Most common areas of localization

Most often, rheumatoid nodules appear on the hands in the areas of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, elbows and feet (usually in those places where shoe pressure is increased: on the heels and at the heel tendons).

The formation of such formations can also be detected on the vocal cords, which leads to hoarseness in the voice. They can also be found in internal organs.

In many cases, the search for tumors occurs purposefully. This applies to a greater extent to patients suffering from joint diseases. This is explained by the fact that the formation of nodules can occur in atypical places.

Sometimes rheumatoid nodules form on the synovial membrane of joints, in muscle tissue, bones or tendons. At sharp increase their volumes, this can cause tissue rupture.

The appearance and increase in the number of rheumatoid nodules by a large number of patients is not immediately determined. This is due to the fact that they are often painless and do not cause obvious discomfort. Suppuration, the appearance of ulcers and pain are symptoms that are very rare.

The structure of neoplasms directly depends on their size. Small nodules have a fairly dense structure, so they are often mistaken for.

For the largest
The nodules have a consistency comparable to thick rubber. Some nodules may visually resemble a cyst because there may be fluid accumulation in the central area.

Total number of rheumatoid nodules in different patients may vary greatly.

In some such neoplasms there is a single number, in others up to two dozen can be found.

Prerequisites for the formation of rheumatoid nodules

Specific prerequisites leading to the formation of rheumatoid nodules have not yet been identified. According to the conducted statistical research it was concluded that their formation and development in 30% of cases was observed in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, each of the victims had a certain substance in their blood, which is usually defined as “rheumatoid factor.” It has been noted that smoking contributes to the growth of the number of neoplasms.

The appearance of nodules is observed in approximately 6% of cases in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus.
IN childhood There are rare cases of the formation of pseudorheumatoid nodules, but in this case the rheumatoid factor is not detected, the neoplasms sharply increase in size and disappear as spontaneously as they appeared.

Due to the fact that rheumatoid nodules are most often found in patients suffering from diseases of a rheumatoid nature.

Diagnostic procedures are aimed at detecting the underlying disease and include:

1. Blood test. It is carried out to detect rheumatoid factor.
2. Collection and analysis of urine. Necessary for determining the amount of protein and keratin concentration.
3. Radiography. This method is used to examine large rheumatoid nodules.
4. Kidney examinations. Recommended before appointment medications and monitoring their possible effects on the body.

In addition to the above diagnostic procedures, the doctor conducts a visual examination of the skin and the most common locations of nodules, analyzes the symptoms and complaints that the patient reports to him.

When conducting histological studies the presence of fibrous tissue is noted, in which foci of collagen necrosis with macrophages located around them are found.

Drug treatment of rheumatoid nodules

Treatment of neoplasms consists of treatment of the underlying disease – rheumatoid arthritis. Basic therapy is based on the prescription and administration of drugs of 3 main groups.

The widespread use of these medications is due to minimal side effects on the body. Commonly prescribed medications include:

• Meloxicam. Daily intake the initial dose is 15 mg. When decreasing inflammatory process the dosage is reduced to 7.5 mg and in this volume the drug can be prescribed for long time as maintenance therapy.
• Nimesulide. The daily dose is 200 mg. The drug is taken 2 times a day.
• Celecoxib. The daily dose is 100 to 200 mg and is administered twice daily.

2. Basic medications:

• Cyclosporine A;
• Krizanol;
• Cyclophosphamide, etc.

If after three months of taking medications positive result was not found, the prescribed drugs need to be replaced with others, or the prescription must be resorted to hormonal drugs in small doses. It will become in an efficient way to reduce the activity of the disease process as a whole.

The dynamics of the inflammatory process and the occurrence of side effects should be monitored throughout the course of taking basic medications.

In cases of severe disease, a course of pulse therapy may be prescribed, in which high hormonal doses are administered in combination with slow-acting basic drugs.

3. Glucocorticosteroids.

Such drugs are prescribed orally for systemic manifestations diseases, as well as intravenously in cases acute course diseases and intra-articularly in order to reduce the inflammatory process during an exacerbation.

In cases where surfaces skin ulcerative lesions form, the course is supplemented with drugs that accelerate the process of restoration of the skin surface (epithelialization).

In order to prevent possible development osteoporosis patients are prescribed drugs with high content calcium and vitamin D (or its derivatives).

TO additional ways treatments include:

1. Laser therapy. It is most effective in the very first stages of the disease. She is prescribed courses. One course does not exceed 15 sessions.
2. Cryotherapy or cold treatment. Recommended to reduce pain. The course ranges from 10 to 20 procedures.
3. Mud therapy.
4. Magnetotherapy.
5. Taking radon and hydrogen sulfide baths.
6. Calcium electrophoresis.
7. Therapeutic massage procedures.
8. Sports loads (cycling or hiking, physical therapy, swimming, etc.).

Treatment of rheumatoid nodules with folk remedies

Complex treatment of the disease involves not only taking medications and additional therapeutic prescriptions, but also using centuries-old traditional medicine recipes. Homemade remedies will not only help more effectively relieve inflammation in nodules, but will also be an excellent addition to drug treatment.

Traditional medicine recipes are a treasure trove of effective existing funds, including ointments, oral agents, rubbing, compresses and much more.

Prevention of the appearance of rheumatoid nodules

Among preventive measures, preventing the onset of the disease are called: regular sports (swimming, walking, cycling, physical therapy), proper nutrition with sufficient intake of minerals and vitamins. In addition, nutrition also has an impact on relapse prevention. Excess weight also has a negative impact on joints, so this aspect cannot be ignored.

The prognosis for complete relief from rheumatoid nodules cannot be called positive, since the disease is chronic. However, if carried out in a timely manner therapeutic treatment and the use of preventive measures can achieve stable remission of the disease.

Rheumatoid nodules (rheumatoid arthritis) are autoimmune disease. Is that immune system damages connective joint tissue. The process causes inflammation, which results in pain, sensitivity, swelling, and redness. Rheumatoid nodule and ulcers appear on the skin.

The size of the nodes is usually 2-3 mm, they appear in large quantities. Localization – joints, especially elbows. Ulcers appear when a rheumatoid nodule becomes damaged.

The reasons have not yet been precisely established. It is widely believed that a rheumatoid nodule develops due to vasculitis. After studying the formations, it was revealed that the walls of small vessels become inflamed due to pathologies of the immune system.

A rheumatoid nodule does not always appear with rheumatism. In some cases, the formation appears due to systemic lupus erythematosus.

Usually the formations are located in the subcutaneous tissue, and they can be on the elbows and forearms. Common localization is the hands, namely the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. The disease causes redness of the skin over the joints and hinders the movement of the fingers.

IN in rare cases the node is localized on the fingertips and palms. Also, the formation can be found on the feet, especially where the greatest friction occurs with shoes - the heel tendons, heels.

If a person spends a lot of time sitting, a rheumatoid nodule may form on the buttocks. Patients who are forced to spend a lot of time lying down discover a rheumatoid nodule on the sacrum and spine. In people with glasses, the formation is located in the bridge of the nose.

When diagnosing a disease, the doctor focuses on the location of the nodes. Education can be singular and small. Localization may be individual for each patient.

Structure and number of formations

In frequent cases, people do not pay attention to the rheumatoid nodule, since it does not cause pain. They rarely develop into ulcers and produce pus. Their diameter is small and their structure is quite dense. Sometimes they are confused with tophi, which appear with gout.

The larger rheumatoid nodule has a structure similar to dense rubber. It looks like a cyst because there is some fluid in the middle. Sometimes the formations move easily along the subcutaneous tissue, but usually they are attached to the tissues. Because of this, they damage the tendons.

Men who have crossed the forty mark usually have quite a lot of nodes. In any case, the development of the disease is individual.

Rheumatoid arthritis may develop differently. In patients, the synovial membranes of the joint become slightly inflamed. It is expressed in the accumulation of liquid matter along with the appearance of nodes. Typically this development occurs in males. The disease is called rheumatoid nodulosis.

Causes and localization of rheumatoid nodule

A rheumatoid nodule appears due to rheumatoid arthritis, which is important to consider when diagnosing. The following studies are needed:

• General blood test
• General urine analysis,
• Renal function assessment,
• Histological studies,
• Differential diagnosis.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed quite often, in this case the risk of side effects is minimized. These include:

• Meloxicam. The initial dosage is 15 mg per day. After the inflammation begins to subside, it is reduced by half. The medicine can be used at this dose long term for maintenance treatment.
• Nimesulide. Prescribe 200 mg per day, divide the dosage into 2 doses.
• Celecoxib. Take the medicine 2 times a day, 100-200 mg.

These medications should not be taken with each other. This does not help speed up treatment, but side effects may intensify.

Basic medications are prescribed after diagnosis. These include the following drugs:

• Cyclophosphamide,
• Azathioprine,
• Meteorological data, etc.

If after 3 months drug therapy no improvement is observed, it is worth replacing the drug or starting to use hormones in small dosages. The drugs, together with hormones, reduce the activity of inflammation.

During therapy, it is important to monitor the activity of inflammation and the appearance of side effects. If the disease is severe, the dose of hormones is increased. The patient continues to take basic medications. High inflammatory activity requires the introduction of creams, ointments, and gels containing corticosteroids. They are applied to the rheumatoid nodule. If ulcers appear, then drugs that accelerate epithelization are recommended.

To reduce the risk of osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D are prescribed. Laser treatment is also used. The method is especially effective when the disease is at an early stage. Laser treatment occurs in courses, no more than fifteen procedures without a break.

To relieve the patient of pain, cryotherapy is used - cold treatment. Conduct from 10 to 20 sessions. Magnetic therapy and current are also used. If the disease is advanced, hydrocortisone phonophoresis is used.

Patients are recommended massage sessions and light physical activity. This helps in relieving spasm and accelerating the restoration of joint functions. Every year it is recommended to visit resorts for treatment purposes (not during exacerbations) and take radon and hydrogen sulfide baths and mud applications. Herbal medicine is used together with the main treatment. It is important to coordinate the methods with a specialist.

You can apply a compress of raw potatoes to the formation. To prepare it, you need:

1. Peel the potatoes, grate them on a coarse grater;
2. Leave the resulting mass in a colander or sieve;
3. Place it in boiling water for three seconds;
4. Then put it in a cotton bag.

The bag can immediately be applied to the rheumatoid nodule, covered with film and a bandage applied.

Coniferous balsam is also effective in treatment. You can drink it for a long time, as there is no addiction to it. To create remedy you will need:

• Pine branches – 40 g;
• Dry rose hips – 40 g;
• Small clove of garlic – 1 piece;
• Water – 2 l.

Step-by-step cooking algorithm:

1. Boil the ingredients in water for 30 minutes;
2. Pour into a thermos, wrap thoroughly;
3. After 2 days, strain.

You need to drink the decoction 1 glass 4 times a day. To make it more palatable, you can drink it with honey. Rheumatoid nodule can also be treated with pine baths.

Preventative measures include therapeutic exercises, exercises are selected on an individual basis. Swimming in the pool, cycling, walking are recommended. The degree of load depends on personal characteristics, but over time it should increase

Nutrition also plays a role in preventing relapses. Overweight negatively affects joints, so obesity cannot be ignored. The prognosis for a complete cure cannot be called favorable, because the disease is chronic. If therapy is started on time and preventive measures are taken, stable remission can be achieved.

One of the most common phenomena that form on the skin in rheumatoid arthritis is rheumatoid nodules. About 30% of patients experience similar signs, nodules are the most common extra-articular symptom. They are formations of different diameters, but are more common multiple rashes in the affected area.

Reasons for appearance

This is a painless phenomenon, but multiple nodes over time, they tend to adhere to tissues, forming ulcers at the site of the lesion. Rheumatoid nodules, as a manifestation of arthritis, have been little studied. It has not yet been possible to determine the cause of their occurrence. But it is generally accepted that the provoking factor for this phenomenon can be vasculitis, due to immune disorders. However, it cannot be argued that rheumatoid arthritis is the root cause of the occurrence of such formations.

Type and location

There is no pain when pressing the seal.

Often formed in the subcutaneous tissue. Nodules in rheumatoid arthritis are localized in the joint area, on the elbows and hands, and they can also be located on the leg under the knee. Similar formations occur on the buttocks in people who are forced to sit for a long time. In bedridden patients, nodules appear on the back of the head, and in those who wear glasses, nodules appear on the bridge of the nose. They are less common on the legs and often affect the toes and toes. The nodes consist of fibrous tissue and are not always immediately noticeable, since they are completely painless and do not cause concern to a person. The nodes are a reddened formation, a tubercle with a diameter of 2-4 cm. Large subcutaneous nodules when palpated, they resemble the structure of dense rubber and can sometimes move under the skin.

Diagnosis of rheumatoid nodules

Since such nodules are characteristic of rheumatoid diseases, diagnosis is also carried out to identify the underlying disease. Diagnostic procedures include:

• General blood test. Identification of rheumatoid factor is the main sign of the disease.
• Urine collection. Keratin levels increase and a significant amount of protein is observed.
• X-ray. It is used to examine rheumatic nodules of large diameter.
• Assessment of kidney function. They are used to select medications and monitor their effects on the body.

The lump is identified during the diagnosis of arthritis.

In addition, the skin is visually examined, and the doctor asks the patient about symptoms and complaints. Most often, nodules are discovered by patients by chance, since they do not have any special signs and symptoms and do not cause painful sensations. After a complete examination, a diagnosis is established and a course of therapy is prescribed. Rheumatoid and rheumatic nodules are indistinguishable in composition and manifestation, but in the first case they are not associated with the underlying disease.

How to get rid of it?

The underlying disease, like nodular arthritis, is treated with the same drugs. They are necessary for maximum relief of inflammation and prevention of joint dystrophy or its modifications. Medicines are prescribed exclusively by a doctor, but in addition medicinal method, laser therapy is also distinguished, and treatment is also acceptable folk remedies in cases of minor rashes.

Medicines

There are three types of drugs prescribed:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• cytostatics and immunosuppressants;
• glucocorticosteroids.

The ointment will relieve inflammation.

During basic therapy, it is necessary to monitor the course of the inflammatory process and monitor possible side effects. They also practice applying anti-inflammatory lotions with ointments such as Piroxicam and Diclofenac. During the period of taking the drugs, the patient should be constantly examined for improvements and effectiveness.

A large-diameter intra-articular formation leads to almost complete immobilization and severe pain.

Additional therapies

The effectiveness of the procedure is especially high in the first stages of the disease and no more than 15 sessions are performed in a row. Laser therapy The patient is prescribed by the attending physician based on the structure of the formations and the nature of the disease. The cryotherapy method relieves pain by applying cold to the affected area. And also on early stages a course of calcium electrophoresis is prescribed. Magnetic therapy and pulsed current procedures are effective.

Therapeutic exercise

Therapeutic exercises must be agreed with the doctor.

For patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, exercise therapy and gymnastics are recommended. Exercises are prescribed to stimulate blood flow, develop muscles and increase joint mobility. Exercise helps relieve cramps. A set of exercises is selected by the doctor; in addition to them, cycling, swimming and race walking. Massage is especially effective for maximum impact on the nodes.

Nutrition during illness

The patient is prescribed a diet that excludes potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. It is recommended to increase the consumption of berries and fruits, to include seafood, soy and rapeseed oil in the diet. These foods are rich in fatty acids, which are necessary to successfully fight the disease. You should reduce the amount of sweet foods, bread and pastries. Water consumption should be increased to 1.5 liters per day.

Treatment with folk remedies

A compress is applied to the seal.

Using traditional medicine, you should not hope for a complete recovery, but it is possible to get rid of the nodules. Potato applications are often used. The grated tuber is dipped in a colander into boiling water for 2-3 seconds. Then the mass is expressed, placed in a fabric pocket and applied hot to the inflamed area, fixed with a bandage. A rheumatoid nodule on the elbow is easily treated with this treatment.

Another effective way- tincture of pine branches. Method of preparation and use:

1. Take pine branches (40 g), dry rose hips and a clove of garlic in equal proportions.
2. The components are boiled for 30 minutes, the liquid is expressed into a thermos.
3. After two days, you can drink the tincture 4 times a day.

Disease prognosis

Unfortunately, arthritis is cured extremely rarely and only in the early stages of development, so you should not hope for a complete recovery. But with systematic preventive measures manages to save long period remission. The patient needs to exercise therapeutic exercises, stick to a diet and lead an active lifestyle. Self-medication is strictly prohibited.