Urinary infection, causing inflammation mucous membrane and submucosal layer bladder. Cystitis in children occurs with pain and pain when urinating, frequent urges on the potty with the release of small portions of urine, urinary incontinence; V younger age Intoxication and fever are often noted. Diagnosis of cystitis in children involves urine testing ( general analysis, bacterial culture, two-glass test), ultrasound of the bladder, and in case of chronic cystitis - cystoscopy. In the process of treating cystitis in children, a diet and enhanced drinking regime, drug therapy(uroseptic, antibacterial, antispasmodics), herbal medicine.

A certain role in the pathogenesis of cystitis in children is assigned to endocrine dysfunctions (diabetes mellitus), hypovitaminosis, changes in urine pH, exposure to physical factors(hypothermia, radiation), violation of personal hygiene rules.

Classification

It is generally accepted to classify cystitis in children according to the course, form, morphological changes, prevalence inflammatory process and the presence of complications.

Along the way, acute and chronic cystitis occurs in children. Acute cystitis in a child occurs with inflammation of the mucous and submucosal layers; may be accompanied by catarrhal or hemorrhagic changes in the wall. For chronic cystitis in children morphological changes affect the muscle layer and can be bullous, granular, phlegmonous, gangrenous, necrotic, interstitial, encrusting, polyposis.

Based on their form, they distinguish between primary (occurring without structural and functional changes in the bladder) and secondary cystitis in children (occurring against the background of incomplete emptying of the bladder due to its anatomical or functional inferiority).

Given the prevalence inflammatory changes Cystitis in children is divided into focal and diffuse (total). When the bladder neck is involved, it is said to be cervical cystitis, when inflammation is localized in the area of ​​Lieto’s triangle, the development of trigonitis.

Cystitis in children can be uncomplicated or accompanied by the development of vesicoureteral reflux, pyelonephritis, urethritis, paracystitis, peritonitis, sclerosis of the bladder neck, etc.

Symptoms of cystitis in children

The clinic of acute cystitis in children is characterized by rapid development and a stormy current. The main manifestation acute inflammation serves urinary syndrome, accompanied by an imperative urge to urinate that occurs every 10-20 minutes. Dysuric disorders are associated with increased reflex excitability of the bladder and irritation of nerve endings. Children complain of pain in the suprapubic region, which radiates to the perineum, intensifies with palpation of the abdomen and slight filling of the bladder.

Urination itself is difficult, urine is released in small portions, causing stinging and pain. Often, with cystitis, children experience a false urge to urinate or urinary incontinence; at the end of urination, terminal hematuria (excretion of a few drops of blood) is noted.

In infants and early age Cystitis can be manifested by general anxiety (increased with urination), crying, refusal to eat, agitation or lethargy, and an increase in body temperature to febrile levels. In young children, spasm of the external urethral sphincter and reflex urinary retention sometimes occur.

If a child’s urine is collected in a glass container, you will notice a change in its color and transparency: the urine becomes cloudy, often dark, contains sediment and flakes, and sometimes smells unpleasant. With hemorrhagic cystitis in children, due to hematuria, the urine takes on the color of “meat slop.”

At acute cystitis Usually the child’s well-being improves on the 3-5th day, and after 7-10 days the children recover completely.

Chronic cystitis in children, as a rule, is secondary in form. Symptoms of inflammation intensify during an exacerbation of cystitis and are usually represented by frequent urination, discomfort in the lower abdomen, night and daytime urinary incontinence.

Diagnostics

The basis for diagnosing cystitis in children is a complex laboratory research, including a general urine test, bacteriological culture urine flora, urine pH determination, two-glass test. Changes in urine during cystitis in children are characterized by leukocyturia, hematuria varying degrees expressiveness, presence large quantity mucus and transitional epithelium, bacteriuria. Most often, urine collection for microbiological examination is carried out during free urination (after toileting the external genitalia and cleaning the preputial sac in boys), but in case of acute urinary retention it is necessary to resort to gynecological pathology. For this purpose, the examination plan may include consultations with a pediatric surgeon and a pediatric gynecologist.

Treatment of cystitis in children

To reduce dysuric phenomena in the acute stage of cystitis, the child is shown complete rest and bed rest, dry heat on the bladder area, warm “sitz” baths with herbal decoctions (at a temperature of +37.5°C). For cystitis, children are recommended to have a dairy-vegetable diet, avoid irritating foods (hot, spicy dishes, spices), increase the drinking regime by 50% of the usual norm due to the use of slightly alkaline mineral waters, fruit drinks, compotes, etc. Increased water load during cystitis in children helps to increase diuresis and wash out bacteria and inflammatory products from the bladder.

Drug therapy for cystitis in children includes taking antibacterial agents antispasmodics, uroantiseptics, physiotherapy. For etiotropic antimicrobial therapy of cystitis in children, protected penicillins (amoxicillin), cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefaclor, ceftibuten), phosphonic acid derivatives (fosfomycin), combined sulfonamides are used for a course of treatment of 7 days followed by repeated bacteriological control.

To reduce pain syndrome Drotaverine and papaverine are used. In addition to the main treatment for cystitis in children, herbal medicine (infusions of chamomile, plantain, St. John's wort, horsetail) is prescribed. After the inflammation subsides, electrophoresis, microwave, magnetic therapy on the suprapubic area, etc. are performed as prescribed by the physiotherapist.

Prognosis and prevention

Acute cystitis in children usually ends with complete recovery. Chronic forms of cystitis develop in children who have anatomical and functional prerequisites for persistent infection.

Helps prevent cystitis in children proper hygiene genital organs, compliance with the urination regime, treatment of foci of infection, deworming, sufficient fluid intake, correction of metabolic disorders, avoidance of hypothermia. Children with chronic cystitis should be monitored pediatric urologist, periodically take control urine tests.

Last article updated: 04/11/2018

Probably everyone will agree with me that the illness of children is tolerated worst of all by the parents, and not by the baby himself. It is adults who repeatedly encounter many symptoms various diseases, they know what might begin severe pain, which cannot be ruled out negative consequences from any disease and its transition to chronic form. Perhaps such knowledge will move the parent in the right direction, that is, he will not put off visiting a pediatrician or specialist. One of serious illnesses is childhood cystitis in girls. First, let's understand the terminology.

Obstetrician-gynecologist

Cystitis is an inflammatory process of the bladder. It is mistakenly believed that cystitis is a disease of adult women, but in fact this disease has neither age nor gender. Both adults and children are equally susceptible to it.

Cystitis is common in children. It is necessary to understand that any cystitis occurs when an infection enters the bladder. There can be many ways for infections to spread.

Infection enters in different ways through urinary tract, and no one “drives her away” there. In general, she becomes comfortable there, and she begins to reproduce. At this time, any person, from young to old, feels a burning sensation during urination. Next, the process passes into the bladder without obstacles.

The fact is that girls urethra short enough that it does not take much time to penetrate the bladder. And due to the fact that this channel is also wide, millions of bacteria can multiply there.

And if there are no defenders from immune system or the blood supply in this place deteriorates due to hypothermia, then the bacteria do not spread anywhere, but remain in place and multiply, and if there is an excess in the canal, they move to the bladder mucosa.

There they attack the entire organ and, without adequate therapy, either rise higher or destroy the mucous membrane and penetrate into the muscle layer. In one case or another, all this leads to disruption of the bladder.

Where does cystitis come from in a girl?

1. Decreased immunity. When the body cannot cope with even small concentrations of infections arriving from outside. This also includes hypothermia, vitamin deficiency, the use of drugs that lower protective functions, chronic diseases.
2. Incorrect use of diapers. In general, this topic must be approached separately, since misuse There aren't enough diapers proper care behind the genitals can lead to various diseases: cystitis, synechia, diaper rash and so on. Today it is known that it is necessary to change the diaper not only after defecation, but also after each urination. This will prevent the formation of harmful microflora and the “greenhouse” effect, which aggravate the situation. Parents should make every effort to ensure that at the latest the girl is 2 years old without diapers.
3. Improper hygiene of girls. It is important for parents to understand how to properly wash their baby. This is very important. The structure of a girl’s genitals is such that if you wash the child from back to front, then all infections that normally live in anus, will gradually move mechanically to the area of ​​the vagina and urethra, causing an inflammatory process in the urethra. And urethritis always very quickly turns into cystitis due to the structural features of the canal in girls. The fact is that the urethra of the female urinary system is short and wide, under such conditions any infection quickly enters the bladder. That is why girls get cystitis 6 times more often than boys. You need to teach your baby personal hygiene skills from the age of one, and you can trust her with the washing process from the age of 6.
4. Mechanical impact. After medical procedures, it is also possible for the bladder to become infected, because a healthy bladder is sterile.

Indeed, sometimes the behavior of a child is not entirely clear, especially if he still cannot speak at all. In children under one year of age with cystitis, mainly the following symptoms occur:

It is easier with older children - they can already tell where it hurts, although they do not realize the cause of the illness. Therefore, it is important to ask the right questions and notice everything he does. Symptoms in children aged two, three years and older are somewhat different:

• frequent urination, possible pain or pain during urination;
• pain in the lower abdomen or groin area;
• cloudy urine;
• possible increase in temperature;
• urinary incontinence.

In any case, with such symptoms, it is very important not to make a diagnosis yourself, but to go to a clinic where the child will be examined and adequate therapy will be prescribed.

These symptoms may be a sign of other diseases genitourinary system. And each of them requires treatment, since all this speaks of inflammatory nature diseases. If they are not treated correctly, you risk facing serious complications.

When visiting a doctor, you need to be prepared for full examination child, testing and other diagnostic procedures.

Symptoms of acute cystitis:

This picture usually occurs abruptly, often immediately after hypothermia.

With chronic cystitis, girls aged 2–4 years complain of:

• periodic pain in the lower abdomen;
• frequent urination, incontinence.

Diagnostics:

1. Take a urine test. Perhaps a routine general urine test will not be enough, and then you will need to take bacterial culture urine with sensitivity to antibiotics, urine analysis according to Nechiporenko. For the analysis to be reliable, it is necessary to properly prepare for the test. For example, you should wash yourself with soap. If we are talking about a girl who has vaginal discharge, it needs to be covered with a small cotton swab.
2. Do an ultrasound of the bladder and the entire urinary system.

When the diagnosis is confirmed and we can confidently say that our two to three year old girl has cystitis, then we can already talk about methods effective treatment.

Much has been written about how to treat cystitis in little girls aged 3, 5, and 6-7 years. Today there are many drugs for effective treatment. In addition to taking medications, treatment also includes a number of important rules:

• taking antibiotics. Antibiotic courses are selected strictly by the treating doctor. It is extremely important to follow all doctor's orders;
• bed rest or, if possible, rest;
• warm sitz baths with herbal tinctures (chamomile, sage, oak) for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
• balanced diet. Eating meat and fish is also a must! Fresh fruits and vegetables should be present in the diet of a sick child;
• drinking plenty of fluids. It is advisable to make fruit drinks for your child with berries (particular preference is given to lingonberries, they are the most diuretic of all berries), which have diuretic properties. It is advisable to brew fruit drinks and under no circumstances boil them, since with berries the child should receive a huge amount of vitamin C. If berries are not available, drinking plenty of water can be combined with medicine Canephron. This drug consists of herbal herbs that improve excretion excess liquid. The drug is suitable for use in children. Usually prescribed 1 - 2 tablets 2 - 3 times a day for 10 days;
• health care. During and after treatment, do not overcool, as this can lead not only to cystitis and its complications, but also to inflammatory diseases in the surrounding tissues.

Treatment of the acute stage of the disease is much easier and faster than the chronic stage. Chronic stage almost impossible to cure. It is important to achieve long-term remission and at the moment of exacerbation, choose the right therapy.

Having appeared for the first time, cystitis can disturb your baby after some time, even if you have treated it completely. This is already a predisposition. Therefore, it is necessary to follow all prevention methods.

Firstly, You should pay attention to the rules of personal hygiene. The girl should be washed 1 - 2 times a day, with a shower and movement. washing hands should be directed from front to back, and not vice versa. The child must have his own towel. The use of diapers should be kept to a minimum.

Secondly, It is necessary to ensure that the child does not become hypothermic. In addition, all nutrition must be correct. Minimize the consumption of unnatural foods - sausages, chips, canned food, fried and salty foods. Focus on fresh vegetables, fruits, meat and fish. More walks in the fresh air.

Thirdly, respond as quickly as possible to any ailments or diseases. Since they reduce the body’s immunity and defense mechanisms, which will increase the chances of infection to multiply.

In addition, it is necessary to carefully monitor the child’s behavior and bowel movements. An important factor in the prevention of cystitis is the absence of constipation. They lead to deterioration of blood circulation in the pelvis (in the area of ​​the intestines and bladder). And this increases the risk of occurrence inflammatory diseases. Bowel movements must be regular, so the child’s menu should include: fermented milk products, fiber.

Complications

The most dangerous thing about cystitis is the possible complications.

The first and most serious complication is pyelonephritis. The infection travels upward through the ureters to the kidneys, where it remains, causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis is difficult to treat and is dangerous for a woman because even after achieving long-term remission, this disease worsens during pregnancy, increasing the risk negative influence for the fruit.

To others serious consequence cystitis may be vesicoureteral reflux. IN healthy body The fluid flow goes only in one direction, and urine is excreted.

At this complication After inflammation of the bladder mucosa, the muscles can no longer empty the bladder properly, and urine may back up into the ureters. And this is dangerous because infected urine, entering the ureters, will cause an inflammatory process there.

One of the dangerous and irreversible complications of bladder inflammation is interstitial damage to its walls. Interstitial cystitis is an inflammation process that moves from the mucous membrane to the muscle layer and disrupts the functioning of the entire bladder as a whole.

The symptoms of this disease are the same as those of acute cystitis, only the pain is much stronger, and its intensity increases depending on the fullness of the bladder itself. The urge to urinate is frequent and occurs spontaneously, disappearing immediately after emptying the bladder.

All complications are treated with antibiotics and physical therapy. But even despite the immediate start of therapy, there is a possibility of encountering complications in the future.

Monotherapy is always ineffective, that is, it will not be possible to treat only with antibiotics, warm baths or diuretic herbs and berries. All treatment must be comprehensive, and then there is a chance of recovery from this disease.

It is very important to consult a doctor at the first symptoms and follow all doctor’s instructions - this is your duty towards the child and his health.

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An acute form of the disease is often reported in children. The inflammation in this case is catarrhal or hemorrhagic in nature. Development acute form The disease is rapid, and the course of treatment does not exceed 10 days.

Chronic cystitis in a child is manifested by recurrent inflammation not only of the mucous membrane, but also of the deeper layers of the organ wall. May have different pathological character: granular, phlegmous, gangrenous, necrotic, interstitial, etc. Due to the depth of the lesion and various options The course of chronic cystitis in a child is severe and requires long and complex treatment.

Cystitis can be primary, caused by various infections, and secondary, resulting from incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Depending on the spread of the inflammatory process in children, focal and diffuse (total) cystitis are distinguished.

Causes of cystitis in children 2 years old

Cystitis develops against a background of weakened immunity, and the causes of the disease are different:

Cystitis in children symptoms

SDK: Cystitis. Antibiotics for local application. Hospital for turtles in the USA - Doctor Komarovsky

Cystitis in children

For girls

Cystitis among children over 2 years of age occurs 5 times more often in girls than boys. The reason for this is different anatomical structure genitourinary system. In girls, the anus and vagina are located near the entrance to the urethra, and the urethra itself is short and wide, which makes it easier for infection to enter the bladder cavity.

In boys

At 2 years of age, when children in most cases begin to potty train and refuse diapers, the anatomical differences between boys and girls become important. A longer, protected urethra makes it more difficult for infections to penetrate into it and into the bladder during bowel movements and bathing. In addition, after abandoning the diaper, there is no risk of contact of the urethral opening with feces. Therefore, at this stage, the risk of developing cystitis for a boy is greatly reduced.

Symptoms of cystitis in children

1. Changes in the color, clarity and odor of urine in babies. It becomes cloudy and turns dark yellow or brown, may contain particles of blood and mucus. The smell becomes unpleasant.
2. The frequency of urination changes. This can be up to 3-4 or more urges per hour, more than 10 urinations per day. At the same time, the amount of urine excreted is scanty. Often the child cannot hold urine.
3. The child complains of pain in the lower abdomen, groin and back, as well as during urination. Pain during deurination can lead to acute delay urine.
4. The temperature may rise to 38°C.
5. The child is restless and irritable.

Diagnosis of cystitis at 2 years of age

In order to recognize cystitis in a 2-year-old child, a number of studies will be required:

1. General urine analysis.
2. Biochemical analysis of urine for the presence of protein and salt inclusions.
3. General blood test.
4. Sowing of biomaterial to determine the causative agent of infection and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
5. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs to determine the localization of foci of inflammation, the extent of the process, and the presence of anatomical abnormalities.

Before collecting urine for analysis, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the external genitalia and take a sterile container to avoid false positive result research.

It is advisable to collect a medium portion of urine. The test must be delivered to the laboratory within an hour and stored in the refrigerator until dispatch. In acute cystitis, epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and mucus are found in the urine. The presence of protein indicates the involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.

Treatment of cystitis in children

Treatment of the disease in a 2-year-old child should be comprehensive and include diet, antibacterial, diuretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics and painkillers to prevent acute urinary retention. The doctor prescribes medications based on the results of the examination. Course of treatment:

1. In the first 5 days of illness, the child is advised to have complete rest, bed rest, a salt-free, chemically gentle diet with a limited amount of protein, and plenty of fluids.
2. Traditional medicine can be used if there is no individual intolerance their components.

What medications are available?

To treat bacterial cystitis, antibiotics approved for children 2 years of age are used: Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Flemoxin, Biseptol. Preferred dosage form- suspension or syrup. The course of treatment is 3-5 days.

Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are used as painkillers and antipyretics.

The use of complex herbal preparations such as Urolesan syrup, Canephron N drops is indicated, provided there is no allergy to the components. The drugs have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antispasmodic and antibacterial effects.

Traditional methods

It is possible to treat cystitis in a child traditional methods. For this purpose, decoctions and infusions of chamomile and calendula flowers, string, and sage are used, which have antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Decoctions are used for medicinal baths. The water temperature should not exceed +37°C, and the procedure duration should be 20 minutes. Decoctions and infusions can be used for washing. Warm compresses can be placed on the tummy.

In order to effectively treat cystitis, you can use diuretic decoctions and infusions, but only after consultation with a pediatrician.

Complications of cystitis in young children

If treatment is untimely and the course of therapy is interrupted before full recovery, bacteria from the bladder can migrate to other organs, complicating cystitis with other diseases of the genitourinary system.

It could be:

1. Pyelonephritis - infectious disease kidney
2. Urethritis is inflammation of the urinary duct.
3. Paracystitis is inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder. Paracystitis can develop into peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum.
4. Backflow of urine (reflux) from the urethra into the bladder and from it into the ureters, and further into the kidneys.
5. Sclerosis - replacement muscle tissue bladder neck connective tissue.
6. Perforation of the organ wall.

Prevention measures

1. Protecting the child from hypothermia, hardening, strengthening the immune system.
2. Normalization of the intestinal microflora and genital tract of the child with the help of probiotics and prebiotics.
3. Preventing the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the body.

The child must have individual means hygiene - towel, soap. Daily bathing and changing underwear, and after using the toilet, washing, with the water stream directed from the urethra to the anus to avoid getting intestinal microflora on the urethral mucosa.

It is quite difficult to recognize cystitis in girls, firstly, because the child may simply not complain of discomfort. Unfortunately, children, like many adults, are very afraid of doctors. They understand that if something hurts, it means a visit to the doctor. Therefore, it is very important for a parent to ask the child about his well-being. In addition, some children cannot complain about feeling unwell simply because they cannot speak due to their age. However, the disease must be recognized as quickly as possible, otherwise complications may arise.

Symptoms

The symptoms are as follows:

• The child begins to cry, simply becomes upset when he wants to go to the toilet;
• Holds the lower abdomen. If a girl does not yet know how to speak or does not know how to express complaints, it is easy to understand from her body language that something is wrong with the child;
• There is blood in the urine (it may not be there, but it is still one of the symptoms);
• Urine changes color, becomes cloudy, changes consistency;
• Frequent urge to urinate. The child can go to the toilet every 10 minutes, while very little urine is released, sometimes not at all;
• If it's a girl infancy, possible general symptoms(since the inflammatory process in the body small child spreads very quickly). They consist of vomiting, nausea, rise in temperature (at the same time it can remain stably elevated for several days);
• There may be a false urge to urinate. When a child wants to go to the toilet, but cannot go.

Causes of the disease

There is a huge amount typical reasons which can cause cystitis. However, not all of them can be related to children. Therefore, the most common cause of cystitis in girls is infections. Infections, in turn, can be caused by various pathogens. For example, bacteria, fungus, viruses.

Simply put, girls often suffer from cystitis due to the fact that they may catch a cold or lack of personal hygiene. Therefore, parents need to monitor how their child dresses, so that clothes are always appropriate for the weather. Conversations need to be held regarding personal hygiene and how to maintain it.

In addition, cystitis can be provoked by other existing gynecological diseases. Therefore, it is important not to delay the treatment of any disease, contact specialists and strictly follow their instructions.

Is it possible to treat childhood cystitis at home, on your own?

Some parents don't accept modern methods treatment, because doctors do not treat patients responsibly enough, some may prescribe drugs for children for adults. Therefore, a similar question arises: is it possible to cure the disease ourselves.

If you discover cystitis in a child on early stages Of course, you can try to cure the disease yourself, without visiting a doctor. In this case, you need to responsibly draw up a treatment plan so that the disease recedes or the symptoms become more tolerable.

However, it is worth noting that if you have been trying to treat cystitis at home for some time, and the child’s condition is not getting better, you should not delay, be sure to consult a specialist.

In short, in the early stages it is quite possible to cure childhood cystitis on your own, but if the disease is already beginning to progress and the child’s condition is quite serious, you must immediately visit a specialist doctor.

First aid, what should be done immediately after detection of the disease

The first thing you can do on your own is to increase your drinking regimen. Pay special attention to drinks such as compotes, cranberry juice, tea with lemon. They have an anti-inflammatory effect, in addition, they help in cleansing and disinfecting the urinary tract.

Of course follow a diet. Do not give your child:

• spicy food;
• marinades;
• spices;
• mayonnaise;
• chocolate.

Then you need to start drug treatment(or first try treatment with traditional methods).

Next, you need to take serious measures, which include contacting a specialist. Make an appointment with your doctor. At the appointment, tell us in detail about your child’s complaints. Describe the symptoms, do not forget about the little things. It is necessary to tell in as much detail as possible for the simple reason that there may be confusion with diagnoses, since cystitis can easily be confused with another disease.

Treatment

Medication

If the condition of cystitis is defined as “acute”, a group of uroseptic drugs is prescribed. These include “Furagin”, “Furamag”, ““). Antibiotics are not prescribed for this condition (or in very in rare cases). All medications are taken orally, the dosage is determined by the doctor.

If you suffer from severe pain symptoms, take medications that relieve spasms (“No-shpa”, “Spazmolgon”).

Traditional methods

If for some reason drug treatment is not suitable for you, you can contact folk medicine. However, in the case of cystitis, there are not many options.

1. Warming up can help the child. To do this, you can take a bath (the temperature of which is no more than 38 degrees) for about 15-20 minutes, do foot baths (the water temperature is still the same).

Besides, you can add herbal decoctions to achieve best effect . For example, you can add a few laurel leaves or a decoction of them, prepared in advance, to a foot bath. In addition, lingonberry leaves and chamomile decoction are suitable.

The most common disease of the genitourinary system is cystitis. The disease can appear at any age, but children suffer this pathology much more severely. It is very difficult to detect inflammation in infants, because the symptoms can be confused with teething or intestinal colic. But the children preschool age can tell you what's bothering them.

Causes of cystitis

The main cause of cystitis in children is the penetration of bacteria into the urinary system. The main causative agents of the disease are:

• coli;
• all types of staphylococci;
• streptococcus;
• chlamydia;
• ureplasma;
• proteas.

But bacteria begin to develop if they are present favorable conditions for the inflammatory process:

• lack of personal hygiene;
• presence of chronic infections;
• long-term use of antibiotics;
• hypothermia of the body;
• lack of vitamins;
• weak immunity;
• genetic predisposition.

Cystitis occurs more often in girls. After all, it’s easier for infections to get into their bladder.

Symptoms of the disease

You should consult a doctor if your baby experiences:

• increased body temperature;
• frequent urination;
• the baby constantly holds on to his lower abdomen;
• Possibly darkening of the urine.

If your baby has these symptoms, you should find out:

• does he have painful sensations lower abdomen and above the pubis;
• Does the pain get worse during urination?

Painful urination and increased body temperature are the main symptoms of cystitis. If these signs were noticed in your baby, then you should go to the doctor.

The disease has acute and chronic forms. Acute stage may cause pain in the lower abdomen, cramps, incontinence, or, conversely, long delay urination. The urine comes out cloudy and with a slight sediment. The patient's condition worsens and headaches appear. Correct treatment removes all symptoms; after a few days, it may seem that there is no inflammation.

The chronic stage of the disease is rare in children. It occurs if you run simple form cystitis. It is characterized by periods of exacerbation, with sharp pains, and remissions, when the patient is not bothered by anything.

Determining the exact cause of the disease is difficult. Doctors often indicate it based on the patient’s age. In infants the cause is poor hygiene and late diaper changes. Preschool children often get sick from hypothermia.

Diagnosis of cystitis

If suspicious symptoms appear in children, you should consult a doctor and get diagnosed. It includes several events.

1. Conducting a survey of parents and children.
2. Taking a general urine test to determine the level of leukocytes. It is used to judge whether the patient has an inflammatory process and its location.
3. A bacterial culture is done, which allows you to determine the type of pathogen.
4. Taking a general blood test and determining the leukocyte formula.
5. Ultrasound is necessary to examine the mucous membrane. They check it for elasticity and the presence of stones in the bladder and kidneys.
6. Cystoscopy. An examination that allows you to examine the walls of the patient’s organ. This happens using a tube. It is inserted through the urethra. This procedure is prescribed for the chronic stage.

Diagnosis must be made immediately after the first signs of the disease appear. Timely treatment in children it will allow you to recover from cystitis in a shorter time.

If, after consulting a doctor, a diagnosis of cystitis was made, then treatment for children 5 years old includes the following measures:

• treatment regimen;
• diet;
• hygiene measures;
• medication use;
• use of traditional methods;
• vitamin therapy.

Treatment of a disease in a child

The specialist prescribes medications after full diagnostics child and establishing the exact infection. When prescribing antibiotics, the doctor first of all thinks about the patient’s safety. Therefore, it is important to follow all prescriptions and do not select medications on your own.

Drug therapy

Antibiotics are prescribed depending on characteristic symptoms disease and age of the patient.

The course of antibiotics is prescribed individually, depending on the degree of the inflammatory process of the disease. Most often it does not exceed 3–7 days. In severe stages of the disease, it can increase to 14 days.

The main thing is not to stop treatment after significant improvement. After all, the symptoms may subside on the second day, but this does not mean that the child has been cured of the infection. Each antibiotic is aimed at relieving pain, relieving inflammation and normalizing urination.

Along with antibiotics, the patient is prescribed probiotics. The doctor prescribes them to restore the intestinal microflora. Without these medications, the patient may experience intestinal problems.

Folk remedies and vitamin therapy

Most parents prefer to treat cystitis folk remedies. But any grandmother’s methods should be discussed with your pediatrician. If the doctor approves the use of plants, then you should not completely switch to this procedure. It should simply be an addition to antibiotics.

Let's consider the most popular recipes decoctions that help in the treatment of childhood cystitis.

1. For the decoction you will need 2 teaspoons of lingonberry leaves. The herb is poured with a glass of boiling water and put on fire for 15 minutes. Next, cool and strain. The resulting decoction is consumed throughout the day in small sips.
2. Pour 1 teaspoon of calamus roots with one glass of boiling water. Let stand for about 20 minutes. Next, we filter and the broth is ready for use. It is necessary to drink 30 minutes before meals. Norm: half a glass of decoction 4 times a day.
3. If protein is found in the urine, then parsley decoction is excellent. A glass of boiling water is poured into 1 teaspoon of chopped herbs. The broth is infused for 2 hours, then cooled and filtered. Drink little by little throughout the day.
4. You will need celery and natural honey. The products are taken in equal quantities and mixed well. The mixture is consumed three times a day, 1 teaspoon.
5. Two tablespoons horsetail brew with a glass of boiling water. Let the broth brew for two hours. Norm: 4 times a day, 50–70 ml.
6. Half a liter of boiling water is poured into 4 tablespoons of dried rose hips. To improve the taste, add a little honey. The decoction is drunk per day, in 4 doses. In addition to relieving the symptoms of cystitis, this decoction can strengthen the immune system and replenish the lack of vitamins.
7. Decoctions of chamomile, motherwort, valerian, string or lemon balm also help well. A glass of boiling water is poured into 1 tablespoon of any plant. The drink is cooled and filtered. Use the decoction 3 times a day, 1/3 cup.

Traditional medicine advises placing any container with hot water(bottle or heating pad). The procedure can reduce pain from cystitis. You can't put heat on your lower abdomen. This can cause the infection to spread to the kidneys.

To maintain immunity, the patient needs to take vitamins. You can buy ready-made complexes, such as Undevit, Alphabet, Revit. It is also advisable to include in daily diet more fruits and vegetables.

A simple change in regimen and diet can improve the effect of medication treatment. Bed rest is recommended for patients. The baby should create an atmosphere of peace and comfort. This helps reduce pain. During the treatment period, you should not play active games or go for a walk. Parents need to protect their child from strong physical and psycho-emotional stress.

There is no need to give up swimming, most importantly, not in cold water. Baths with herbs that have anti-inflammatory functions help the patient well. This could be chamomile, sage and oak bark.

The patient should eat dairy plant foods. You can eat milk porridge, yoghurt and lean meat. Eating spicy, salty, fried or fatty foods is prohibited. Such food irritates the walls of the inflamed organ and the baby’s pain increases.

Drinking should be plentiful. It is better to drink compotes, fruit drinks and tea. Increased drinking allows you to remove infection from the organ, so it is important to follow this point.

Don't forget about your baby's personal hygiene. Daily washing, change of underwear.

Complications of the disease

If for a long time If cystitis is not treated, this can lead to dangerous consequences for the child’s health.

1. Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys due to infection ascending through the ureters.
2. Vesicoureteral reflux - urine begins to flow back from the bladder to the kidneys.
3. The activity of the bladder neck is impaired, which can lead to urinary incontinence.
4. The walls of the bladder lose elasticity.
5. The genitals become infected. For girls, this can threaten infertility.

There is no need to delay visiting a doctor and treating the disease, otherwise the consequences may become irreversible.

Disease prevention

To prevent the disease from bothering your baby, you should adhere to preventive measures.

1. Mandatory hygiene of the external genitalia;
2. Daily change of underwear;
3. Avoiding hypothermia. The child should be dressed depending on weather conditions;
4. Wet feet have a positive effect on the development of cystitis, so parents should carefully select their child’s shoes and not allow them to walk for a long time in cloudy weather;
5. Timely treatment of caries;
6. Immune support: frequent walks, balanced nutrition and vitamins.

If you follow everything preventive measures, then you can forget about this disease. But at the first complaint of pain when urinating, the child should be shown to a doctor. Cystitis is easy to cure, the main thing is to take the course of medications to the end. After all, a completely untreated pathology can go into a chronic stage.