An acute form of the disease is often reported in children. The inflammation in this case is catarrhal or hemorrhagic in nature. The development of the acute form of the disease is rapid, and the course of treatment does not exceed 10 days.

Chronic cystitis in a child is manifested by recurrent inflammation not only of the mucous membrane, but also of the deeper layers of the organ wall. May have different pathological character: granular, phlegmous, gangrenous, necrotic, interstitial, etc. Due to the depth of the lesion and various options The course of chronic cystitis in a child is severe and requires long and complex treatment.

Cystitis can be primary, caused by various infections, and secondary, resulting from incomplete emptying bladder.

Depending on the spread of the inflammatory process in children, focal and diffuse (total) cystitis are distinguished.

Causes of cystitis in children 2 years old

Cystitis develops against a background of weakened immunity, and the causes of the disease are different:

Cystitis in children symptoms

SDK: Cystitis. Antibiotics for local application. Hospital for turtles in the USA - Doctor Komarovsky

Cystitis in children

For girls

Cystitis among children over 2 years of age occurs 5 times more often in girls than boys. The reason for this is the different anatomical structure of the genitourinary system. In girls, the anus and vagina are located near the entrance to the urethra, and the urethra itself is short and wide, which makes it easier for infection to enter the bladder cavity.

In boys

At 2 years of age, when children in most cases begin to potty train and refuse diapers, the anatomical differences between boys and girls become important. A longer, protected urethra makes it more difficult for infections to penetrate into it and into the bladder during bowel movements and bathing. In addition, after abandoning the diaper, there is no risk of contact of the urethral opening with feces. Therefore, at this stage, the risk of developing cystitis for a boy is greatly reduced.

Symptoms of cystitis in children

1. Changes in the color, clarity and odor of urine in babies. It becomes cloudy, dark yellow or brown in color, and may contain particles of blood and mucus. The smell becomes unpleasant.
2. The frequency of urination changes. This can be up to 3-4 or more urges per hour, more than 10 urinations per day. At the same time, the amount of urine excreted is scanty. Often the child cannot hold urine.
3. The child complains of pain in the lower abdomen, groin and back, as well as during urination. Pain during deurination can lead to acute urinary retention.
4. The temperature may rise to 38°C.
5. The child is restless and irritable.

Diagnosis of cystitis at 2 years of age

In order to recognize cystitis in a 2-year-old child, a number of studies will be required:

1. General urine analysis.
2. Biochemical analysis of urine for the presence of protein and salt inclusions.
3. General blood test.
4. Sowing of biomaterial to determine the causative agent of infection and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
5. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs to determine the localization of foci of inflammation, the extent of the process, and the presence of anatomical abnormalities.

Before collecting urine for analysis, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the external genitalia and take a sterile container to avoid false positive result research.

It is advisable to collect a medium portion of urine. The test must be delivered to the laboratory within an hour and stored in the refrigerator until dispatch. In acute cystitis, epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and mucus are found in the urine. The presence of protein indicates the involvement of the kidneys in inflammatory process.

Treatment of cystitis in children

Treatment of the disease in a 2-year-old child should be comprehensive and include diet, antibacterial, diuretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics and painkillers to prevent acute urinary retention. The doctor prescribes medications based on the results of the examination. Course of treatment:

1. In the first 5 days of illness, the child is shown complete rest, bed rest, salt-free, chemically gentle diet with a limited amount of protein, drink plenty of fluids.
2. You can use drugs traditional medicine, in the absence individual intolerance their components.

What medications are available?

To treat bacterial cystitis, antibiotics approved for children 2 years of age are used: Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Flemoxin, Biseptol. Preferred dosage form- suspension or syrup. The course of treatment is 3-5 days.

Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are used as painkillers and antipyretics.

The use of complex herbal preparations such as Urolesan syrup, Canephron N drops is indicated, provided there is no allergy to the components. The drugs have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antispasmodic and antibacterial effects.

Traditional methods

It is possible to treat cystitis in a child traditional methods. For this purpose, decoctions and infusions of chamomile and calendula flowers, string, and sage are used, which have antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Decoctions are used for medicinal baths. The water temperature should not exceed +37°C, and the procedure duration should be 20 minutes. Decoctions and infusions can be used for washing. Warm compresses can be placed on the tummy.

In order to effectively treat cystitis, you can use diuretic decoctions and infusions, but only after consultation with a pediatrician.

Complications of cystitis in young children

If treatment is not timely, and the course of therapy is interrupted before complete recovery, bacteria from the bladder can migrate to other organs, complicating cystitis with other diseases of the genitourinary system.

It could be:

1. Pyelonephritis - infectious disease kidney
2. Urethritis is inflammation of the urinary duct.
3. Paracystitis is inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder. Paracystitis can develop into peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum.
4. Backflow of urine (reflux) from the urethra into the bladder and from it into the ureters, and further into the kidneys.
5. Sclerosis - replacement muscle tissue bladder neck connective tissue.
6. Perforation of the organ wall.

Prevention measures

1. Protecting the child from hypothermia, hardening, strengthening the immune system.
2. Normalization of the intestinal microflora and genital tract of the child with the help of probiotics and prebiotics.
3. Preventing the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the body.

The child must have individual means hygiene - towel, soap. Daily bathing and changing underwear, and after using the toilet, washing, with the water stream directed from the urethra to the anus to avoid getting intestinal microflora on the urethral mucosa.

Quite often, parents are faced with a disease such as cystitis. This is a very unpleasant problem that is important to identify in a timely manner. In this article we will talk about the signs of this disease and what to do if a child has cystitis.

What is cystitis and why is it dangerous for children?

Cystitis is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the bladder. It most often affects children under 9 years of age, especially girls 4-7 years old and infants.

Important!Be sure to complete the treatment. Untreated inflammation, which develops into a chronic form, will cause reproductive problems in girls in the future.

According to statistics, 25% of children suffered from cystitis at least once. Babies under 1 year old - both and girls - suffer from the disease in the same proportion, and at an older age, girls get sick 6-7 times more often than boys. This happens due to a special anatomical structure genitourinary system: girls have a short and wide urethra, close placement of the anus and vagina with the urethra.
With timely diagnosis and proper treatment, cystitis does not cause consequences. However, an untreated disease can cause the development of:

• pyelonephritis;
• peritonitis;
• chronic form of cystitis;
• rupture of the bladder walls;
• the appearance of reflux;
• sclerosis of the cervix.

In some situations, especially in patients, the disease goes unnoticed, which leads to its transition to chronic stage.

Causes

In order not to have to look for an answer to the question of how to treat cystitis in children, you need to know the causes of the disease and do everything to prevent its occurrence.
We list the most common causes of the disease in children:

• Frequent use by the child of scented shower gels and bubble baths.
• Hypothermia. If you get your feet wet or sit on a cold surface, the disease develops quickly.
• Presence of injuries to the bladder mucosa.
• Violation of baby hygiene rules, long-term wearing diaper without changing it.
• Receptions that suppress the baby’s immunity.

Did you know? Cranberry juice is an excellent antiseptic, and drinking it during illness will help get rid of bad microorganisms in the bladder.

All these reasons act as a provocateur of cystitis. Main reason- this is the penetration of infections into the bladder, which irritate the mucous membrane and provoke the need to frequently visit the toilet.

Classification of the disease and symptoms

The disease is classified according to several criteria:

• According to the severity of the disease: acute and chronic cystitis. At acute manifestation diseases, the mucous layer becomes inflamed, and catarrhal changes in the walls are present. The chronic form is characterized morphological changes muscle layer. This disease is characterized by manifestations of bullous, granular, phlegmonous, gangrenous, necrotic, interstitial, encrusting and polyposis.
• By form: primary and secondary. With the first, there are no changes in the bladder, and the second occurs with incomplete emptying due to anatomical inferiority.
• According to the prevalence of inflammation: focal and diffuse.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the main symptoms of the disease in order to know how to identify cystitis in a child.

1. The presence of frequent urge to go to the toilet, accompanied by painful urination. In some cases, urinary incontinence occurs.
2. Presence of pain in the lower abdomen, in the rectum.
3. Cloudy urine color, unpleasant, pungent odor.

Important! Even after complete recovery, it is worth observing at the clinic for a month - this will help avoid a relapse.

In the presence of an inflammatory process in the kidneys, an increase in body temperature is possible.

Which doctor should you contact?

If you notice at least one of the symptoms of the disease in your child, you should make an appointment with your pediatrician. The doctor will examine you, prescribe tests and, if necessary, refer you to a urologist and physiotherapist. If the disease is chronic, you need to contact an immunologist, infectious disease specialist and endoscopist.

Did you know? According to statistics, among women aged 20 to 40 years, about 35% suffer from cystitis.

Examinations and tests

We suggest you familiarize yourself with what tests are taken for cystitis in children at the stage of identifying the disease.

• Morning urine.
• Venous blood.
• Urine sample in two vessels.
• Testing urine for sterility.
• bladder. The event is carried out 2 times: before and after urination.
• Cystoscopy.

Principles of treatment

Practice different methods treatment of the disease. Let's look at them.

Medications

It is very important to know what can be given to a child with cystitis. More often acute cystitis treated with uroseptics, such as Furagin, Monural, Furamag.

In certain cases they may prescribe. Antibiotics are taken very rarely, but sometimes, if there is a suspicion of pyelonephritis, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as Amoxiclav, Augmentin or cephalosporins (Cedex, Cefaclor). Uroseptics and antibiotics are taken orally, the course lasts from 3 to 7 days and depends on how severe the disease is.

Physiotherapy

Various physiotherapeutic techniques are also used for treatment to improve therapy performance. After examining the patient’s condition, electrophoresis, magnetic therapy on the suprapubic area, microwave and other physiotherapy may be prescribed.

The role of nutrition and drinking regime

Particular attention should be paid to nutrition during treatment. The child's menu should not contain fatty, salty, fried foods. Allowed to use fermented milk products, namely: kefir, fermented baked milk, low-fat yogurt, cottage cheese. It is recommended to give the child plenty of water warm water, thanks to which the infection will be washed out of the bladder faster.

Folk remedies

Treatment of cystitis in children with folk remedies may have an effect, but traditional methods There is no point in giving up the fight.

It is recommended to give the baby herbal infusions, make sitz baths from sage, birch leaves, chamomile, oregano, oak bark. You can get rid of pain when urinating thanks to:

• celery;
• lovage rhizome;
• pharmaceutical chamomile;
• linden inflorescences.

Help in the fight against urinary incontinence:

• St. John's wort;
• mint;
• centaury;
• wild rosemary.

To reduce the frequency of urges, you should take lemon balm infusion, valerian, string, motherwort.

What absolutely should not be done

If cystitis is suspected, it is strictly prohibited:

• give your child tea and soda - they irritate the walls of the bladder;
• put the baby on synthetic underwear;
• eat fatty, salty and smoked foods;
• wear tight clothes.

To prevent the occurrence of cystitis, you should follow these tips:

• control that the child spends hygiene procedures(daily shower and change of underwear);
• Show your baby to the dentist once every 6 months;
• make sure that the baby does not have worms;
• strengthen your immune system;
• include fresh vegetables and fruits in your diet;
• dress your child according to the season, avoid hypothermia;
• prevent the occurrence of respiratory system diseases.

Did you know? People who are actively involved in cycling are more prone to developing cystitis, since during cycling the bladder is compressed, which leads to irritation of the walls of its mucous membrane.

After reading our article, you learned how cystitis occurs in children and how to treat it at home. By following some recommendations and tips, you can protect your child from this disease.

Childhood disorders of the genitourinary system, frequent visits toilet problems and incontinence leave parents confused. Young mothers feel especially confused when signs appear in infants. In this article, we tried to provide answers to the most common facts regarding cystitis in children. Symptoms and treatment will also be described in the material.

Cystitis is a common disease in children, but due to diagnostic difficulties, there are no accurate incidence statistics. Patients with cystitis are often seen by a doctor with infections of the genitourinary system or pyelonephritis. Peak prevalence occurs in preschool age 4-5 years, clinical observations have shown that childhood cystitis in girls appears more often than symptoms in boys. Experts explain it physiological characteristics urethra.

Causes of cystitis in children

The disease is infectious in nature. The causative agents are bacteria, viruses and fungi. Their appearance in the body is caused by the following factors:

• touching the perineum with dirty hands;
• rare diaper changes;
• introduction of bacteria from the rectum due to non-compliance with hygiene procedures;
• swimming in unknown bodies of water;
• foreign body in the genitourinary tract;
• infection brought from other organs where there are foci of inflammation.

TO non-infectious causes include hypothermia, poor hygiene, hereditary predisposition, chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, congenital abnormalities and low level immunity.

Infection can enter the bladder in different ways:

• ascending – spread through the urethra upward from the genital tract;
• descending – descent from previously infected kidneys;
• lymphogenous – spread from nearby organs of the genitourinary system;
• hematogenous – penetration from a remote purulent focus in the body through the blood;
• contact - entry through direct impact through the damaged wall of the bladder.

Classification of cystitis

There is no uniform classification of the disease. There are several generally accepted methods of systematization:

• by form: primary and secondary;
• according to the course of the disease: acute and chronic;
• by prevalence: focal and diffuse (total);
• by consequences: without complications and with complications;
• by the nature of the changes: catarrhal, granular, bullous, fibrous, hemorrhagic, phlegmonous, gangrenous, necrotic, encrusting, interstitial.

Symptoms of cystitis in children

Chronic cystitis can occur without severe symptoms. Sometimes it is accompanied by bedwetting and increased frequency of urination, and the perineum may begin to itch.

With an exacerbation, cramps and pains in the lower abdomen, painful urination, and bleeding appear. The urine becomes cloudy, sometimes brownish-red and heterogeneous.

Symptoms of cystitis in a 2-year-old child require careful attention from parents - after all, a 2-3 year old child still has difficulty speaking and cannot explain what is happening. Cystitis does not affect general condition– not accompanied by weakness and fever. Characteristic symptoms appear only in the pelvic organs. The disease can be recognized in newborns and infants by their general restless state, frequent urination and cry in the process.

How to distinguish from pyelonephritis

Due to the proximity of the kidneys and bladder, the manifestations of these diseases are similar. The infection can spread, causing simultaneous inflammation of organs. Symptoms of cystitis in a 3-year-old child are often mistaken for signs of pyelonephritis.

The latter is characterized by a state of intoxication - general weakness of the body, fever, nausea, lack of appetite. Pain in the lower abdomen is usually of a constant aching nature, accompanied by pain in the lower back.

In addition to the obvious signs, pyelonephritis can be determined by the characteristic indicators of a general blood test, which the doctor will decipher when compiling clinical picture.

Possible consequences

If you are not careful about the manifestations of the disease, cystitis can cause more serious diseases:

• pyelonephritis – an infectious kidney disease accompanied by an inflammatory process;
• vesicoureteral reflux is a disease in which the reverse movement of urine from the bladder to the kidneys occurs;
• sclerosis of the bladder neck, as a result, the development of incontinence;
• genital infections that can lead to infertility.

To prevent relapses, the course of treatment must be started immediately and completed. Acute form the disease may subside after 7-10 days of therapy, but this does not mean that it is time to stop taking the medications. To avoid transition to the chronic stage, it is necessary to follow the doctor’s prescription until complete recovery.

Which doctor should I contact for cystitis?

If your child develops symptoms, you should make an appointment with your pediatrician. At initial examination the doctor will prescribe general tests to compile a clinical picture, exclude possible pathologies other authorities, if necessary, will issue a referral to pediatric urologist. In some cases, the intervention of an immunologist, infectious disease specialist, endoscopist, or surgeon is required.

Medical diagnosis of cystitis

Already at the stage of examining the child and interviewing the parents, the doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis and prescribe a number of studies:

• general urinalysis. The diagnosis is confirmed increased content leukocytes, as well as traces of protein, bacteria, epithelium and mucus;
• bacteriological culture of urine to determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
• general blood test. For cystitis that occurs without complications, the indicators should remain within normal limits;
• Ultrasound of the bladder;
• cystoscopy - examination of the mucous membrane with a special probe penetrating the urethra.

The results of a comprehensive study make it possible to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms, make a final diagnosis and draw up a treatment plan.

Treatment methods

Acute and chronic forms are treated at home under the supervision of a doctor. Cystitis with complications requires hospitalization. Basic rules - bed rest, frequent change linen, increased attention to hygiene, diet and drinking plenty of fluids.

Drug treatment

When the activity of the inflammatory process is low, uroseptics are prescribed as maintenance therapy - Furagin, Furadonin, Furamag, Nevigramon, Canephron, Urolesan. The development of infections is suppressed by cephalospris - safe antibiotics, used with early age(Zotsef, Zinnat, Cefuroxime Sandoz, Ceforal, Suprax, etc.).

As a general tonic, a pediatrician or urologist prescribes vitamin complexes. Pain syndromes are relieved by antispasmodics and herbal medicine.

The appropriateness of taking medications and the treatment regimen are determined by the doctor based on the results of the analysis and examination of the patient.

Traditional medicine in the fight against cystitis

Traditional medicine has been widely used in the fight against the symptoms of cystitis in children aged 2, 3, 4 years. Basic folk recipes used at home:

• warming up is an effective, but most controversial method. Sitz baths and warm compresses have a relaxing effect and relieve pain. Do not use if there is blood in the urine;
• decoctions of chamomile, calendula, dill, parsley, St. John's wort, rose hips and other medicinal herbs have a diuretic and bactericidal effect;
• fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries have an anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect;
• Freshly squeezed juices of watermelon, carrots or cucumber help relieve inflammation of the bladder mucosa.

This is not full list treatment methods used by healers since ancient times. However, it should be remembered that they are only auxiliary measures, are used in addition to the main treatment and must be agreed with the doctor.

What you need to know about registering with a dispensary

At the end of therapy, the doctor carries out a control section - tests are collected indicating that the disease has subsided. But the observation doesn't end there. The patient is registered at the clinic at his place of residence. New rules are being introduced:

• monthly visits to the doctor in the first six months are useful (further, depending on exacerbations, the interval between appointments increases);
• Regularly taking control urine tests and maintaining a urine sheet.

The urine sheet is a table recording the test results indicating the date of delivery. The child’s parents keep records and provide information when visiting a doctor.

Children who have had acute cystitis are removed from the register after 6 months in the absence of relapses. Patients with chronic forms of the disease are monitored constantly.

Prevention

The opinion of the scientific community is that cystitis is easier to prevent than to treat. A set of general rules is not difficult in life:

• proper hygiene of the genital organs - regular washing, changing underwear; for babies - timely change of diapers;
• control of urination patterns and bowel regularity;
• compliance with the drinking regime;
• timely treatment of focal infections;
• avoiding hypothermia;
• general measures to strengthen the immune system.

Children, susceptible to disease organs of the genitourinary system, must regularly undergo examinations by a urologist at the place of registration and undergo control tests.

Diet during treatment

First of all, it is necessary to remove from the diet all foods that contribute to irritation of the mucous membrane of the bladder - these are spicy, salty, fried foods, smoked foods, mayonnaise, chocolate, etc. Preference is given to such methods heat treatment, like stewing, boiling, steaming.

The menu includes fruits, vegetables, dairy products, lean meat and poultry, soups with low-fat broth, side dishes in the form of porridges, purees, etc. In addition, the patient is advised to drink plenty of fluids to intensively flush out infection and inflammatory products from the bladder.

Frequently asked questions

Despite the widespread practice of treatment with medications and folk remedies, questions often arise among parents. Let's look at the main ones.

How to properly collect urine for analysis?

To obtain an accurate clinical picture, samples should be collected in a sterile container, which can be purchased at pharmacy kiosks. The collection should be carried out in the morning on the day of delivery, immediately after waking up. The day before, the patient follows a neutral diet. Before the procedure, you must wash your hands and wash your child with soap.

To eliminate unnecessary impurities, an average portion of urine is collected (the first stream of free urination is passed, after which you need to substitute a container and collect a sufficient amount of material without waiting for the end of the process).

Things to consider:

• using a pot during collection is unacceptable;
• the minimum volume of material for submission to the laboratory is 100 ml;
• The time for transferring samples for research is two hours after collection.

Is it possible to cure chronic cystitis?

The chronic form of the disease can be treated with complex techniques modern medicine, but this is a long process that requires compliance with the regime and regular monitoring of urine composition indicators. In addition to eliminating inflammatory processes, it is necessary to stimulate regenerative processes in the bladder and increase immunity.

Is Monural effective?

Monural is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has no toxic effect. Therefore, the medication is used in pediatric therapy for cystitis in a child over 5 years of age in the treatment of acute infectious forms. The drug has quick action– according to reviews, taking one tablet quickly stops the inflammatory process and relieves symptoms after 3 hours.

The safety and effectiveness of Monural has been proven in clinical trials. However, there is a narrow range of bacteria that are resistant to active component medicines. Before prescribing the drug, the doctor must study the results of bacteriological culture tests.

Is it possible to use thermal procedures for cystitis? And if not - why?

Inflammatory reactions in the bladder are the most common urological pathology in adult patients and children. Their development is due to the formation of inflammatory foci in the structural tissues of the bladder organ. In children of early age (up to 3 years), inflammatory reactions usually develop in the inner lining of the reservoir cavity of the bladder, or its mucous structure is affected by inflammation.

Children aged 3 years require special attention and approaches to the treatment of any disease. Let's talk about the peculiarities of the course and treatment of cystitis in children of three years of age, about what parents need to do when symptoms appear. characteristic symptoms cystitis in 3 year old child, and what treatment is needed.

Infants are less susceptible to the disease, as they are under the estrogenic protection of maternal hormones. When protection stops working, children become vulnerable to various types of infections. Time increased risk continues until puberty (puberty), when the body begins to secrete its own estrogens.

In infants, the incidence of cystitis among boys and girls is almost the same, although by the age of three, cystitis of a bacterial nature is diagnosed much more often in girls (5–6 times). Cystitis in a 3-year-old girl is caused by:

1. Anatomical features of the urethra, located in close proximity to natural infectious reservoirs (vulva and anus).
2. Associated pathologies gynecological nature(vulvitis, vulvavaginitis).
3. Endocrine disorders.

The infectious pathogen is able to penetrate into the bladder from the urethral and anogenital zones, from the upper urinary organs and urinary tract, from adjacent organs with the lymph flow, penetrate, circulating with the blood (hematogenously) and when introducing microflora through the wall of the reservoir, from nearby foci of inflammation (contact path).

The causative agents of infection that provoke inflammatory reactions in the bladder are very diverse - many serotypes of rod-shaped intestinal flora, representatives of a large group of staphylococci and streptococci, ureaplasma, chlamydial and proteus infections. If the genesis of the disease in children aged three years was previously due to the influence of Klebsiella and Protea, today the main role in the development of urogenital infections is given to microbial associations - one of the many serogroups of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) + fecal or epidermal streptococcus, or other combinations .

It cannot be said that three-year-old children are completely defenseless. U healthy babies cleansing of the urinary system occurs in a descending manner, and the mucous tissue of the bladder reservoir has a high degree of resistance to infections. Anti-infective protection of the urethra is provided by mucus secreted by the periurethral glands. The mucous secretion has a high bactericidal property and covers the entire urethral epithelium with a thin protective layer.

MP protection is due to the constant washout of microflora by the flow of urine and more. In protecting the mucous lining of the cystic cavity important role plays glycocalyx - a superficial fleecy mucopolysaccharide layer produced by a special type of epithelium (transient) covering the MP. Estrogens are responsible for its synthesis, and secretion by the epithelium is controlled by progesterone. Mucus envelops trapped in the cavity of the bladder pathogenic microorganisms, destroys and prevents their reproduction (elimination process).

Long-term studies of the reasons why cystitis develops in a 3-year-old boy (as well as in a girl) have proven that microbial presence alone is not enough for its development. The burden of pathogens is only a prerequisite for the development of inflammatory reactions, and their implementation requires a number of disorders - structural, morphological, or functional in nature on the part of the urinary bladder organ, endocrine and immunological systems.

The genesis of the development of bacterial cystitis in three-year-old children is due to:

• regular processes of insufficient emptying of the reservoir bladder cavity;
• increased intraurethral pressure;
• congenital dysfunction of the obturator valve (detrusor);
• presence of neurogenic dysfunction:
• violations in the integrity of the integumentary epithelium of the MP;
• failure of local phagocytic protection;
• congenital anatomical defects of the urinary system.

Non-infectious cystitis in a 3-year-old child develops for completely different reasons. The prerequisites are:

• violations in metabolic processes leading to calcium oxalate, urate, or phosphate crystalluria;
• unjustified use medicines, antifungal, sulfonamide or cytostatic group;
• influence, chemical, toxic and physical factors(injuries and cold);
• Not proper care looking after the child (in terms of hygiene);
• the presence of chlomydia carriers in the family environment.

Clinical signs

The clinical picture of childhood cystitis depends on the form of its course - acute or chronic. The acute form of the disease manifests itself with a rapid, unexpected onset. At the same time, the superficial inflammatory process covers all layers of the bladder wall. It is very important to start treatment of cystitis in children 3 years old on time, then full recovery will occur after 1–1.5 weeks.

Clinic chronic inflammation MP is more often observed in children suffering from various pathologies, provoking inflammatory reactions in the cystic reservoir, or be a consequence of frequent episodes of acute cystitis. The disease is long-lasting and difficult to treat. Clinical signs are weakly expressed, but can intensify and worsen as they progress.

Symptoms of cystitis in three year olds appear:

1. Pain when passing urine.
2. Increasing the frequency of trips to the potty.
3. Pain in the pubic area.
4. Turbidity and mucous consistency of urine.
5. Possible inclusion of blood in urine.

Parents should pay attention to the general condition of the child. At the age of three, he cannot always tell what is bothering him. Sick children are restless, refuse to eat, urination is accompanied by crying, and sometimes the temperature may rise. Inflammation of the bladder causes the need to defecate every quarter of an hour, but it is difficult to sit the child on the potty, as he experiences pain.

This condition can provoke acute delay urination. In this case, acute pain develops in the lower abdomen and a significant increase in the size of the bladder. A procedure with a cleansing enema can help, which will remove dense feces, mechanically preventing the release of urine.

A bath with a warm solution of potassium permanganate will also help to empty the urinary reservoir. The child is placed in the bathtub for five or ten minutes and asked to urinate in some water. If this does not work due to their early age, at three years old children can be very capricious, you should call an ambulance.

Acute urinary retention, this is already emergency requiring urgent medical care. The doctor will remove the urine using catheterization.

At the first symptoms of the disease in little girls and boys, you should not experiment or self-medicate. How and with what to treat cystitis in children 3 years old can only be decided by a doctor based on the indicators necessary diagnostics and in accordance with age, excluding diseases with similar symptoms - acute appendicitis, possible development of tumor neoplasms and acute pyelonephritis. Only after this, the doctor determines how to treat and whether it is realistic at home.

Features of therapy

Treatment of acute bladder inflammation in young patients includes the whole complex measures based on the underlying genesis of the disease. Therapy is aimed at:

• elimination of inflammatory foci in the MP;
• medicinal recovery metabolic processes(exchange);
• elimination of dysfunctions in microcirculation;
• stimulation of regenerative processes.

The drug therapy protocol is based on the selection of drugs:

1. Relieving pain symptoms.
2. Eliminating urinary problems.
3. Focal inflammation in the reservoir cystic cavity overwhelmingly influences the reaction.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis in children are selected taking into account their three-year age:

Treatment of acute inflammation includes the prescription of drugs - antispasmodic, uroseptic and antimicrobial. If there are signs of severe pain symptoms, No-Spa, belladonna-based preparations, Baralgin, tablet and powder forms of papaverine, ointments and suppositories based on it are prescribed.

The basis of treatment for young patients is the selection of antimicrobial drugs that have a high accumulative ability in the lesions. Drugs are prescribed taking into account the severity and nature of clinical manifestations.

Today, the drugs of choice for three-year-old children are: first of all, Augmentin and Amoxiclav, which continue to be used today high sensitivity pathogens (up to 97%). Within two days after administration, complete sterility of urine is noted.

Just yesterday, Co-trimoxazole, widely used in pediatric urology, today has little effectiveness due to the reduced sensitivity of many pathogens to it (by an average of 40%). But it is prescribed to children (after a bacteriogram), as it has good absorption, deep tissue permeability and elimination ability for E. coli (up to 93%) that colonize infectious reservoirs (vagina and anus).

The bactericidal drug "" showed the greatest effect for cystitis in children. It has high activity against almost all pathogenic representatives, inhibiting bacterial synthesis at the earliest stages. Just one-day therapy with a single dose ensures the death of pathogens and normalization of the child’s condition.

Based on the test results, it is possible to prescribe drugs from the group of cephalosporins - zinnat, ceklor, cedex, alfacet, etc.

To maintain the immune functions of young patients, vitamin immune complexes such as alphabet, undevit, revita, etc. are prescribed; it is recommended to enrich the diet of three-year-old children fresh vegetables and fruits.

What to treat, the dosage of medications and the duration of the course of treatment are determined by the doctor individually, taking into account the severity, form and nature of the disease.

Non-traditional treatment is recommended as complementary therapy based on the use of medicinal herbs with tanning, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Herbal tinctures and herbal decoctions can be used either independently or in combination with basic medications.

Herbal infusions are selected based on clinical manifestations and the period of manifestation of cystitis (acute, subsiding, or remission). According to the severity of the manifestation of the main symptom of the disease, the doctor can recommend the necessary composition of decoctions and infusions, which can be purchased at any pharmacy chain with detailed description recommendations.

• For signs of frequent urination, collect chamomile, hops, lemon balm, motherwort, chistema, valerian, string and water trefoil.
• At painful urination– collection of lovage (root or herb), chamomile, flaxseed, clover, thyme, calamus, hemp, maple, celery, linden and maple,
  yarrow, eucalyptus and black currant.
• For urinary retention, collect yarrow herb, dill seeds and herbs, carrot tops, licorice root and birch leaves.

• For urinary incontinence - wild strawberry leaf and elecampane root, fragrant violet and lemon balm, centaury and peppermint, St. John's wort and wild rosemary color.
• For manifestations of hematuria - unpeeled pumpkin seeds (crushed) and flax, hemp, linden and chamomile flowers, nettle leaves, blackberries, St. John's wort and yarrow.
• For metabolic disorders, collect carrot and dill seeds, bearberry and nettle leaves, rosehip and wheatgrass roots.

Reception of the above herbal infusions can be combined with poultices of chamomile, herbs and roots of marshmallow and yarrow - they must first be doused with boiling water, wrapped in cloth and applied to the area of ​​the MP or sacrum.

Herbal medicine is used during the period of subsidence of dysuric disorders and in combination with drinking plenty of fluids– taking into account the child’s needs, but with an increase in volume an hour before meals.

Local treatment in the form of sitz baths can be carried out using herbal decoctions on the herbs of oregano, sage, linden and chamomile, birch leaf and marsh cudweed.

The diet of a 3-year-old child plays an important role in the treatment of cystitis. Even Dr. Komarovsky, popular on television, while discussing the topic of childhood cystitis at his school, noted the role of diet in such diseases. His recommendations are based on excluding from the diet foods that can irritate the intestines.

And include in the diet yoghurts with lactobacilli, the properties of which can eliminate the possibility of developing relapses of the disease. Must be included in the diet three year old child lingonberry or cranberry juice.

Prevention of cystitis in children

As for preventive measures, it is not difficult to follow them. They are directed:

• to harden the child’s body;
• promotion protective forces immunity;
• to prevent and timely stop infectious processes;
• It is mandatory to properly perform the baby’s personal hygiene.

Parents are responsible for the health of children and their suffering. It should not be forgotten that attentive attitude and caring for your child is best prevention any disease.

Cystitis is an inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the bladder. Children of both sexes and at any age are susceptible to the disease. Those that are older will say about unpleasant sensations, but kids only express concern by crying. Mothers may attribute this behavior to intestinal colic or teething. This is the danger and insidiousness of cystitis. If left untreated, it will become chronic. Therefore, it is better to visit a doctor once again than to face the consequences of an untreated disease.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, which most often occurs against the background of a bacterial infection.

Why does the bladder become inflamed?

Cystitis begins with infection in the bladder:

• viruses;
• fungi;
• bacteria.

The development of the disease is promoted favorable conditions for active reproduction of pathogenic microflora:

• hypothermia;

Girls are 6 times more likely to have this disease compared to boys: it is easier for infections to ascend into the bladder in a wide and short way urethra than the long and narrow one.

The disease is most often diagnosed at the ages of 1-3 and 12-16 years. In the first case, this is due to the fact that small children can play outside or on a cold floor for a long time, even if they are very cold. And teenagers become hypothermic because they want to look fashionable and dress inappropriately for the weather.

The disease in young children is difficult to detect on time.

Types of disease

Classification of cystitis according to the reasons leading to inflammation:

• Primary- the disease arose independently.
• Secondary- it developed against the background of other pathologies (bladder stones, urethritis and others).

Varieties for reasons:

• Infectious- caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
• Non-infectious- developed against the background of allergies, treatment with certain medicines, as a result of chemical or thermal exposure.

According to the flow form:

• Spicy- inflammation with bright and rapidly developing symptoms.
• Chronic- a sluggish and weakly manifesting disease. It is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission (when nothing bothers you).

By severity:

• Cervical(Only the bladder neck is affected).
• Trigonite(inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cystic triangle).
• Diffuse(the surface of all walls is included in the process).

Attention! If acute cystitis is not treated, it becomes chronic. It is important to detect it in a timely manner to avoid complications.

Symptoms of cystitis in children

Suspect illness in children infancy possible based on the following criteria:

Children in preschool and school age In addition, they can complain about:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• difficulty and frequent urination;
• urinary incontinence (sometimes);
• false urge to urinate.

Attention! An increase in temperature in young children who cannot describe their condition can be associated with a cold. And you will treat your baby for it, and not for cystitis. Then the disease will turn into a chronic inflammatory process that is difficult to treat.

How to distinguish from pyelonephritis

The bladder and kidneys are located close. These organs are connected by the ureters. Infection can travel along them. If cystitis develops first, then if untreated, the pathogens rise up the canals and can cause pyelonephritis. And vice versa: Inflamed kidneys can lead to bladder infection. These diseases are sometimes diagnosed at the same time.

The symptoms of these two diseases are similar. Only with pyelonephritis do pains bother you not in the lower abdomen, but in lumbar region. Possible nausea and vomiting. But only a doctor can tell exactly what the baby is sick with, having the results of diagnostic tests in hand.

Before treatment, you must undergo a medical examination.

What will happen if left untreated?

Cystitis is a disease that It is easy to treat, but takes a long time. And if you do not follow the doctor’s recommendations, the disease will result in consequences:

• - infection ascending through the ureters and kidney damage.
• Vesicoureteral reflux is the movement of urine from the bladder to the kidneys, which is unnatural for her.
• Impaired functions of the bladder neck (incontinence develops).
• Loss of elasticity in the walls of the bladder and its reduction in size as a result of the replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue. This leads to partial or complete loss of organ functions and causes rupture when large cluster urine (very rarely).
• Infections of the genital organs, which can result in infertility (especially in girls).

The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that acute course it lasts 7-10 days. Then he retreats. And if, based on the absence of symptoms, you stop taking medications, the inflammation will become chronic with all possible consequences.

To prevent this, you need to complete the treatment, even if nothing has bothered you for a long time.

Elena writes:

“After 4 days of treatment, I noticed that my two-year-old daughter stopped experiencing pain when urinating. The frequency of urges decreased to normal, the behavior became normal. I stopped taking the medication because I think... healthy children Drinking them is harmful. I am not my child’s enemy, but it turned out that my decision became the reason for cystitis becoming chronic. And only thanks to the doctor we were able to achieve stable remission.”

Even if the symptoms no longer make themselves felt, interrupting the medication is prohibited.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of cystitis in children may include:

To avoid cystitis, if you have any complaints about pain in the lower abdomen or sediment in your urine, make an appointment with your pediatrician.

You can go to a urologist - a specialist in the urinary system, or a nephrologist - a doctor responsible for kidney health. It would be a good idea to consult a surgeon to rule out appendicitis.

What to do? - Doctor Komarovsky answers

If you suspect cystitis, Dr. Komarovsky recommends immediately contacting a doctor for diagnosis. The sooner treatment begins, the less pain will bother the child, and the easier it is to prevent the disease from becoming chronic.

After confirmation of the diagnosis begins complex therapy, which includes:

Treatment of cystitis in children

In case of inflammation of the bladder, it is important to provide conditions for speedy recovery and reducing the risk of developing consequences. To do this, you need to follow all the doctor’s recommendations, diet and take prescribed medications in combination with traditional medicine.

General rules

A sick baby needs:

Attention! Mothers often ask whether it is possible to bathe a child during cystitis. Yes, but not in cold water. Taking a bath, swimming in a pool or even the sea have a beneficial effect on the condition of the bladder in chronic forms of the disease. It’s just important not to get too cold!

Drug treatment

Cystitis is usually caused by bacteria. Therefore, the disease needs to be treated. But a doctor must prescribe them, based on the results of urine culture for flora. Only by determining the type of pathogen can you select a drug to which the infection will be 100% sensitive.

If the study shows that the inflammation is viral or fungal in nature, taking antibacterial agents will not cure the disease. On the contrary, it can be connected bacterial infection. Then the healing process will take a long time.

Antibiotics are prescribed for treatment.

The table below provides a list popular drugs, intended for the treatment of cystitis, indicating the effect, duration of the course and dosage by age.

Drug (form of medicine)	Action	Treatment regimen
(tablets 125 or 250 mg, powder for suspension 125 mg/5 ml or 250 mg/5 ml)	Antibacterial	Course: 7 days. Up to 12 years: 40 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, divided into 3 doses, with an 8-hour break between them. Example: weight 18 kg. Then daily dose- 18×40=720 mg. For one dose: 720 divided by 3. This is 240 mg. Then it is convenient to take a 250 mg tablet or 5 ml suspension three times a day. From 12 and older: 375 mg three times a day (15 ml of suspension 125 mg/5 ml, or 7.5 ml of suspension 250 mg/5 ml, or tablets 250+125 mg, or 3 tablets of 125 mg).
Monural (granules in bags of 2 and 3 g).	Antibacterial	Once at the first symptoms of cystitis for children over 5 years old in the amount of 2 g (1 small sachet). Dilute in a glass of water and give to the child.
Canephron (oral solution and tablets).	Antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory.	Course: from 2 to 4 weeks. Children under 7 years of age: 15 drops of solution three times a day. Children from 7 to 14 years old: 25 drops of solution or 1 tablet 3 times a day. Children over 14 years of age: 50 drops or 2 tablets three times a day.
Furadonin (50 mg tablets).	Antibacterial.	Course: 1-1.5 weeks. Daily dose: 5-8 mg per kilogram. Divided into 4 doses. Calculation example: child’s weight is 20 kg. Then you can take 100-160 mg of the drug per day. A regimen of half a tablet (25 mg) 4 times a day is suitable. To prevent relapses in chronic cystitis, it is allowed to use Furadonin at a dose of 1-2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day in one dose. At 20 kg it is 20-40 mg. A suitable option is 0.5 tablets. Duration - 3-6 months.

Tatyana wrote:

“My son has chronic cystitis secondary to pyelonephritis. Exacerbations are frequent. And treatment antibacterial drugs several times a year for 10 days - this is a serious blow to children's body. The doctor recommended Monural. You only need to take it once - at the first symptoms. The antibiotic remains inside for several days and during this time manages to cope with the infection.”

Traditional methods of treatment

People with cystitis advise:

Svetlana writes in her review:

“During cystitis, my daughter often cried. Her lower abdomen ached. She constantly wanted to go to the toilet, but either could not, or urination was painful. Relief came from sitz baths with chamomile infusion. We did them several times a day.”

Attention! To avoid harming the child, resort to folk remedies only after consulting a doctor.

Registration at the dispensary

When does it end drug treatment, the doctor prescribes control tests to make sure that the disease is defeated. After this, the little patient is registered and given a medical exemption from vaccinations (usually for six months). Children with a chronic form of the disease are not deregistered, but those who have had acute cystitis are deregistered after 6 months.

During dispensary observation necessary:

Important! A urine sheet is a table in which the results of all urine tests are recorded, indicating the date of delivery. The document is maintained by the parents of the registered child. You need to take it with you when visiting a doctor.

Prevention of cystitis in children

To prevent the disease from returning, follow these preventive measures:

• Avoid hypothermia.
• Maintain personal hygiene. The baby should change his underwear and wash himself every day (from front to back).
• If you complain of pain or difficulty urinating, take your child to the doctor immediately.

Cystitis is a disease that is easily treatable. Relief occurs within 2-3 days. This is where parents make the mistake of stopping giving medications. If treatment course is not completed, the disease becomes chronic and often returns. Therefore, the main task is to finish the medications according to the regimen indicated by the doctor in the prescription. This will prevent the development of complications.

Alisa Nikitina