Today, during the outbreak and spread of influenza in the regions of Russia, this is the most effective measure to preserve health. Each of us is responsible for our own health and the health of our loved ones and colleagues during the influenza epidemic.

More than 30 million people get the flu every year. In 2017, the flu comes with a high temperature, and is dangerous with complications in the form of pneumonia, bronchitis.

Influenza and SARS viruses, getting on the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, larynx, damage the epithelium of the mucous membranes, release toxins into the blood that cause general intoxication, and also increase the permeability of the capillary walls, opening the way for other microbes. Therefore, the flu can provoke the development severe complications.

The elderly, as well as those with weakened immune systems, are at particular risk. chronic diseases. Complications from the flu in these people can be fatal.

The influenza virus is one of the varieties of SARS, but it has a more aggressive effect on the human body than viruses that cause colds.

The risk of contracting influenza or SARS is high because viruses are transmitted not only through
non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, but mainly by airborne droplets when sneezing, coughing, talking - from a sick person to a healthy one.

If you have a weakened immune system, then with hypothermia, hypovitaminosis, contact with a sick flu or SARS, the likelihood of contracting a viral infection increases.

The influenza virus is dangerous because it changes every year. For example, having had the flu, you acquire immunity only to this type of flu for 1-3 years. However, this specific immunity cannot protect you from other types and strains of the influenza virus. And they revealed about 2000 variants, which in winter time affects about 10% of the population.

In addition, the influenza virus easily changes its structure, quickly changes and adapts to new conditions. Therefore, having been ill with one type of flu, you can become infected with other strains of it again and again.

That is why, in a period of high morbidity, it is important prevention of influenza and SARS in adults, because it can prevent the disease or alleviate its course, in case of infection.

Prevention of influenza and others viral diseases includes a range of activities to improve vitality organism.

To prevent respiratory viral infections, a set of measures should consist of several important components:

1. Special virus protection procedures.

2. Use of funds plant origin harmless to the body.

3. Measures to strengthen immunity.

4. Medicines in case of influenza infection.

Special procedures for protection against viruses.

Since the virus remains on objects, is transmitted through shared utensils and dirty hands, the prevention of influenza and SARS includes, first of all, the rules of personal hygiene.

- wash your hands with soap after visiting public places;

- in transport, in public places, try not to touch your nose and mouth with your hands;

- replace fabric handkerchiefs with disposable paper ones so as not to “carry in your pocket” the accumulation of microbes in a used handkerchief;

- regularly ventilate the room at home and at work, since the influenza virus is active indoors, where it is dry, warm and stuffy;

- Humidify the air in the room using special devices or, by placing damp cloths on the radiators, do wet cleaning more often. This is necessary because the wetter your upper respiratory mucosa is, the harder it will be for viruses to invade the mucosa. Viruses easily penetrate into the overdried mucous membrane of the nose, mouth;

- use a medical mask when visiting public places, if your relatives or if you yourself feel unwell;

- wash the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth in the evening when you return from work. As a result, viruses that have entered your upper Airways, will be washed away, and do not have time to infiltrate the mucosa.

During the flu epidemic, refrain from visiting public places with crowds of people (theater, cinema, museums, sports, etc.). Cancel visits.

Try to avoid contact with people who have symptoms of a viral infection - coughing, sneezing, runny nose. If you had to collide in transport or in another place with infected people, try to stay away from them if possible, at least at a distance of 1 meter or turn away.

The use of herbal products that are harmless to the body

Prevention of influenza and SARS in adults involves the use of natural and herbal remedies, to protect against viruses.

So, for washing the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, we can recommend saline solution or boiled water with the addition lemon juice. To prepare a saline solution, dissolve in one liter boiled water 1 st. a spoonful of sea salt. Gargle and rinse your nose 2 times a day or only in the evening.

After washing, you can spread the wings of the nose balm " Golden Star» and inhale its vapors: essential oils of clove, eucalyptus and peppermint, which do an excellent job with viruses. You can use the balm 2-3 times a day.

An excellent herbal remedy that kills viruses and microbes is garlic. You should always have it in the house, since the phytoncides contained in it have a detrimental effect on infectious agents.

I remembered one experiment described in the literature. They took two glasses of water, put a few cloves in one garlic, and in the second, 80 types of different microbes were introduced. We left standing glasses for the night. In the morning they examined water in a glass with microbes. They were not there.

To prevent influenza during the epidemic, every evening after washing the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, sniff finely chopped garlic and onion. It is better to place a miracle cure in a bowl with high sides. It is enough to breathe, strongly drawing in pairs of onions and garlic with your nose for 5 minutes, bringing the bowl closer to your face.

Then leave this remedy in the room where you sleep for the whole night. In the morning you will feel cheerful, as all the viruses that got into your upper respiratory tract the day before have died.

Another recipe for preventing viral infections with garlic. Make a mixture of crushed garlic and honey in a 1:1 ratio. Take 1-2 teaspoons 2 times a day with water.

To resist viral aggression, our body needs vitamin C, better in the form of herbal remedies such as: rose hips, black currants, grapefruit, lemons and oranges.

Drink teas With raspberry, lemon, medicinal herbs: chamomile, sage etc., so as not to get sick during the flu epidemic.

Can you take an extract? eleutherococcus during flu season, but be sure to check with your doctor if you have a chronic medical condition.

Recipes for the preparation of herbal remedies can be found in the article.

Measures to strengthen immunity

For prevention of influenza and SARS in adults It is very important to carry out measures to increase the protective properties of the body.

1) Avoid hypothermia and overheating.

2) Eat right. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and minerals.

3) Drink plenty of plain clean water.

4) Avoid overexertion and stress.

5) Get more rest and sleep.

6) Go outside more often. The virus in a cool environment cannot be active.

7) Do exercises in the morning, tempering procedures.

Medicines for the flu

If you have the first signs of a viral infection, your body temperature has risen, call your doctor and stay at home. Use a protective mask to avoid infecting family members. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Do not take medicines without a doctor's prescription, since there are no specific drugs that have a detrimental effect on viruses. While advertising obsessively beckons to buy remontadin, ingaverin, kagocel, cycloferon, arbidol, etc.

All these drugs cannot kill the virus, they are prescribed to prevent complications in the first 2 days of illness. On the cellular level these drugs block the spread of viruses and, thereby, relieve the symptoms of influenza and SARS.

Many drugs have been developed and act against the spread a certain kind viruses. For example, Tamiflu is effective against swine flu. However, viruses change every year, so taking drugs that selectively act on swine flu or influenza A, B is pointless.

In case of illness, it is indicated bed rest and drinking plenty of water, which contributes to the rapid removal of toxins from the body. You can drink rosehip broth, it also saturates the body with vitamin C, increasing its resistance to viruses.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should not take any medicines. They can recommend folk remedies for the prevention and treatment of viral infections and some safe medicines, such as: non-toxic gripferon - in the form of drops; immunomodulating interferon - in the form of ointment and suppositories; viferon - in the form of candles.

These drugs are used for prevention and at the first signs of the disease (runny nose, cough, etc.) in pregnant women. They protect the body from infection and do not allow viruses to infect internal cells.

The implementation of preventive measures during the epidemic of influenza and SARS will prevent the disease.

Remember that flu and colds not only lead to unpleasant symptoms, but also provoke various complications.

Protect yourself and loved ones from viral infections!

In the autumn-winter period, the issue of preventing colds in adults and children is acute. Prevention of influenza and ARVI is aimed at strengthening our own defensive forces organism. One of the methods of combating colds in a child is vaccination against influenza. It should be noted that flu shots are allowed for the prevention of children from 6 months.

Among the "popular" colds, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza should be noted. If respiratory diseases, when a virus enters the body, can only unsettle a person for a while, then the influenza virus leads to negative consequences its presence in the body. Against the background of general malaise, it can cause such complications, the incorrect and untimely treatment of which can lead to death:

• the development of diseases of the respiratory system in a child, including bronchitis and pneumonia;
• damage to the cardiovascular system;
• inflammatory processes in the kidneys;
• cerebral edema;
• complication and activation of chronic diseases available today.

The influenza virus can cause complications in the work of internal organs and all body systems.

Symptoms of colds

Influenza and SARS belong to the same group of colds and have similar symptoms, which manifest themselves:

At the slightest suspicion of the occurrence of a disease in a child, you should consult a doctor for the appointment of the necessary treatment. Many drugs used to treat ARVI are used as a prevention of colds.

Risk group

People with weakened immune systems and chronic diseases are susceptible to colds. There are several categories of people who, by virtue of physical features, are easily affected by viruses:

• age category over 65 years;
• children due to their underdevelopment immune system;
• people with chronic diseases;
• patients diagnosed with diseases of the kidneys and genitourinary system;
• people with diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• patients with immunodeficiency states;
• pregnant and lactating women due to increased load on the body.

The risk group should also include people who, due to professional activity must work in crowded places. These are educators and educators medical staff, cultural figures, as well as trade workers. This also includes service personnel.

General preventive measures

Prevention of influenza and SARS involves A complex approach. It should be noted the importance of hardening procedures for a child, taking immunostimulating vitamin preparations, performing simple physical exercises, and following general recommendations. The same prevention of SARS and influenza is recommended for use in children, starting from a younger age.

Restorative measures for the prevention of SARS

Importance how the prevention of influenza and SARS have methods that strengthen own forces organism. This category of preventive measures can include hardening procedures, means traditional medicine, activation of local immunity. You can choose a simple set of physical exercises for a child that helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. The quality of sleep is important. Need to ensure comfortable conditions so that the child's sleep is sound and calm.

Hardening of the body as a prevention of respiratory diseases:

• rubbing, contrast shower with a gradual increase in the difference in water temperature;
• foot massage - there are points on the feet, stimulation and massage of which activates the protective properties of the child's body, thereby increasing immunity in general;
• walking barefoot is also a type of massage: for these purposes, you can purchase massage mats or make them together with your child from improvised materials;
• stay in the fresh air: outdoor games, walking - also a prophylactic against colds;
• annual vacation at sea for 10 - 14 days: abrupt change climatic conditions stimulates the body's immune system;
• the child's diet also plays an important role in the prevention of influenza and respiratory diseases: you should increase the intake of food of plant origin;
• as a preventive measure, a few drops of saline solution should be instilled into each nasal passage of the child or lubricated with oxolinic ointment.

Folk methods for the prevention of colds

From folk methods prevention of SARS and influenza, garlic and onions should be noted. In addition to improving taste qualities any dishes, onions and garlic increase the body's own immunity. The phytoncides contained in their composition are known for their properties to disinfect most viruses and bacteria. If infection with colds has already occurred, then the drug from the garden when eaten reduces the time of illness. Pieces of garlic and onion, placed on plates and placed in several places in the room, have proven themselves well as prevention against the virus. You can also use crushed natural phytoncides in the form of pendants. You will need a container from under the toy from Kinder Surprise. You need to make holes all over the surface of the egg, and tie a string. Put chopped onion or garlic inside and wear a “pendant” around your neck as a means of prevention.

Do not forget about vitamin C, which is popular in activating immune properties the child's body in the fight against influenza and ARVI viruses. AT in kind it is present in rose hips, lingonberries, cranberries. Black currant berries are rich in this vitamin. Not in last place in terms of vitamin C content is lemon. All these fruits and berries can be consumed both in their natural form and as fruit drinks, compotes, juices. Frozen berries also have not lost their richness and can be used as a remedy for influenza and SARS.

For the prevention of SARS, you can eat slices of onion poured with lemon juice. Even children like this prophylactic, as the bitterness of the onion and the sourness of the lemon mask each other, giving the “dish” a unique taste.

Honey and bee products are also great prophylactic in the fight against influenza and ARVI viruses. Please note that this category folk remedies to prevent the disease, it often acts as a strong allergen.

Immunostimulators

The pharmaceutical market is ready to offer a large selection of medicines to maintain and increase the body's immune forces. It is worth noting drugs containing interferon, antiviral drugs, multivitamin complexes, bacterial lysates. It is necessary to stop at each group pharmaceuticals and note their effect on the child's body with influenza and ARVI viruses.

Interferon

The drug with interferon contains proteins that warn cells of impending danger. This stimulates their protective properties. Is preventive measure, preventing the appearance of a runny nose and nasal congestion with SARS.

Preparations of this class are Kipferon, Viferon, Intron, Reaferon, Cycloferon, Interferon. The same drugs in the form of ointments or nasal drops are used in the care of the nasal mucosa of a child for the prevention of influenza or SARS.

Antivirals

Kagocel, Lavomax, Tiloron, Amiksin, Tsitovir 3, Arbidol, Ingavirin, Agri, Grippferon, Oscillococcinum are representatives of a class of antiviral drugs.
The combined use of Arbidol and Kagocel significantly increases the antiviral activity of both drugs. Kagocel stimulates the production of interferon in the body. Contraindicated for children under 6 years of age due to imperfect development of the child's immune system. Reduces the risk of complications after suffering colds.

Arbidol suppresses the activity of influenza and ARVI viruses, increasing immunity. Contraindicated for children under 3 years of age. The dosage depends on the age of the child. The drug has a tablet form.

Of the homeopathic medicines, it is worth noting Agri, Anaferon, Oscillococcinum, Aflubin. They are allowed to be taken for the treatment and prevention of influenza and SARS in humans. different ages, including children.

Agri is an antiviral homeopathic remedy. Available in the form of granules or tablets. The granular form is approved for use in children from infancy. Tablets are indicated for use in children over the age of 1 year.

Anaferon is used for the treatment and prevention of SARS and influenza. Taken once a day for a long time. Approved for use in children from the second month of life.
Oscillococcinum is in the form of granules and is used in preventive purposes 1 time per week.

Preparations for the treatment and prevention of influenza

This series of pharmaceuticals for the prevention of influenza and ARVI is represented by drugs: Rimantadine, Ergoferon, Relenza, Tamiflu, Peramivir.

1. Relenza is an inhaler that is more suitable for use in the adult population. Not recommended for use in the treatment of a child with colds. The effectiveness of inhalations in ARVI diseases depends on a correctly performed inhalation.
2. Tamiflu is effective for swine flu. The course of treatment is up to 6 weeks. The dosage is 75 mg. Inhibits the reproduction of the virus. Accelerates the healing process. Approved for use in children from birth.
3. The active drug used against influenza Rimantadine. The dosage of the drug should be selected in accordance with the weight of the child. Not recommended for use in children under 7 years of age. It has a negative effect on the functioning of the liver.

Vitamin complexes

Vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, vitamin A - are also used as prevention of SARS.

Prevention of influenza and ARVI remains one of the important measures to maintain the health of children and adults. It is necessary to approach the solution of this issue in a comprehensive manner, observing both the rules of hygiene of the child and the recommendations of physicians.

Probably, there is not a single person who would never have a cold in his life, at least in childhood. Therefore, there is no person who would not be concerned about the question of what to take for a cold.

Colds may have different names, but they are based on one reason - infection. various parts body and, in particular, the upper respiratory tract, pathogens. These microorganisms are divided into two main categories - bacteria and viruses.

Treatment of acute respiratory diseases can be both symptomatic, aimed at alleviating the manifestations of the disease, and etiological, aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease. Fortunately, antibacterial drugs or antibiotics have long been successfully used to treat diseases caused by bacteria. But in the case of diseases caused by another group of infectious agents - viruses, the situation is not so favorable. And there are several reasons for this.

Respiratory diseases caused by viruses

What diseases are acute respiratory diseases caused by viruses? These include, first of all, influenza and SARS.

The term ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) refers to various infections caused by viruses that are not influenza pathogens. These viruses include:

• adenoviruses,
• rhinoviruses,
• parainfluenza viruses,
• coronaviruses,
• respiratory syncytial viruses.

Respiratory symptoms are also characteristic of some other viral diseases:

• measles,
• rubella,
• chickenpox,

However, they are not usually classified as viral respiratory diseases.

Symptoms of parainfluenza and SARS

Symptoms of diseases caused by different types of viruses often differ little from each other. And to determine the type of disease is usually possible only by identifying the type of pathogen, which is not always easy.

Usually ARVI is characterized by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, high temperature (sometimes subfebrile, below +38º C), sore throat, headaches, frequent sneezing. Sometimes symptoms can be accompanied by signs of intoxication - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Most experts are of the opinion that in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in people with normal immunity and not weakened for some reason by the body, no antiviral agents are needed. These diseases, with the right approach to their treatment, go away on their own, and do not cause any complications. Therefore, the treatment of these diseases is mainly symptomatic. The only exception is syncytial infection, which can be fatal in infants.

Treatment for diseases such as ARVI is mainly reduced to bed rest, the creation normal conditions for recovery - the absence of drafts, hypothermia of the body. It is also necessary to drink plenty of liquids, always warm, for example, tea with lemon. Taking vitamins and antioxidants also aids in recovery. For the treatment of a runny nose, you can use anti-inflammatory or nose-cleansing drops, for the treatment of bronchi and throat - inhalations that relieve inflammation based on herbal infusions. Good nutrition is also an important element of therapy.

Photo: Nestor Rizhniak/Shutterstock.com

Influenza and its characteristic symptoms

Influenza symptoms often differ from those of other viral respiratory illnesses. However, this difference may not always appear. Often, in the case of high immunity or a weakened type of virus, the symptoms of influenza practically do not differ from the symptoms of SARS. However, there are a few key features to watch out for.

First of all, most varieties of influenza are characterized by a very high temperature, which can rise to +39.5 - +40ºС. The temperature usually rises to high performance for a short period of time. Thus, if the temperature is initially subfebrile, and then, after a couple of days, rises to high values, then this most likely means not the presence of the flu, but some kind of secondary infection such as pneumonia.

Also, with influenza, there is such characteristic symptom, as implicit pain in the muscles of the body, especially in the limbs (ache). This symptom may be characteristic of early stage diseases, appearing a few hours before the temperature rise, and for the period when the temperature has already risen. Respiratory symptoms with influenza are usually erased compared to SARS. In most cases, the flu does not have a runny nose, but a severe cough may be present.

Influenza, unlike SARS, is dangerous for its complications affecting other organs - the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver. A severe form of influenza is very dangerous - toxic influenza, in which death from intoxication of the body is possible.

Influenza is usually transmitted by airborne droplets, from sick people to healthy people. The influenza virus is quite resistant to external influences and can persist for a long time in the environment. Incubation period disease usually ranges from several hours to several days.

Experts believe that influenza most often manifests itself at ambient temperatures ranging from -5ºС to +5ºС. At these temperatures, the virus can survive for a long time. In addition, similar temperature regime promotes drying of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and makes them more susceptible to the virus.

There are several varieties of the influenza virus. And not all drugs are able to affect all these types. Treatment of influenza is mainly symptomatic. Taking antiviral drugs for influenza is indicated in case of a severe course of the disease, as well as with weakened immunity. It can be both etiotropic drugs and drugs - stimulants of immunity. Thanks to their use, it is often possible to reduce the duration of the disease and avoid possible serious complications.

How does a viral disease develop?

Unlike diseases caused by bacteria, viruses that enter the body directly attack human cells. The virus is usually very simple. As a rule, it is a single DNA molecule, and sometimes a simpler RNA molecule containing genetic information. In addition, the virus also contains a shell of proteins. However, some types of viruses - viroids - may not have it either.

Viruses are able to integrate into the genetic apparatus of cells, and reconfigure it to release their own copies. Without the help of cells from other organisms, viruses cannot reproduce.

Features of the structure of viruses that cause SARS and influenza

Most of the viruses in this group, belong to the type of RNA viruses. The only exception is adenovirus, which has a DNA molecule.

Influenza viruses are divided into three main serotypes - A, B, and C. The most common diseases are caused by the first two types. The type C virus only causes illness in immunocompromised people, children, and the elderly. Epidemics of diseases caused by this type of virus do not exist, while epidemics caused by viruses of types A and B occur very often - once every few years in a certain area.

The surface of the RNA molecule of the virus is covered with several protein molecules, among which neuraminidase should be distinguished. This enzyme facilitates the penetration of the virus into the cell and then ensures the exit of new viral particles from it. Influenza viruses primarily infect the epithelial cells that line the surface of the upper respiratory tract.

Of course, the immune system is also not “sitting on its hands”. Immune cells, having detected the presence of strangers, produce special substances - interferons, which suppress the vital activity of viruses and prevent their penetration into cells. In addition, special types of lymphocytes - T-killers and NK-lymphocytes destroy cells affected by viruses.

However, viral diseases, including those caused by influenza viruses, claim many lives each year.

The peculiarity of viruses is their increased ability to change. This leads to the fact that protein molecules on the surface of viruses can change their composition very quickly, and as a result, the immune forces are far from always able to recognize them in time as an object that has already been encountered.

Therefore, scientists have long wanted to develop drugs that would be active against various viruses. However, this task faces many difficulties. They consist, first of all, in the fact that viral particles are very small and extremely primitive, even compared to bacteria. And this means that they have very few vulnerabilities.

However, some antivirals have been developed. In particular, many of them are active against viruses that cause SARS and influenza.

Types of antivirals

Antiviral agents aimed directly at fighting viruses can be divided into four main groups:

• vaccines;
• immunostimulants and interferon inducers;
• preparations containing interferon;
• antiviral drugs direct action(etiotropic).

There are many antivirus tools belonging to various groups and the most effective drug it is difficult to distinguish among them.

Antiviral vaccines

Vaccination was invented in the late 18th century. Over time, it has become widely used as a prophylactic to combat various diseases, including viral ones.

The essence of vaccination is to give the body's immune system information about the infectious agent in advance. The fact is that the immune system often recognizes the danger too late, when the infection has already spread throughout the body. And if the immune system is set up in advance to fight the desired agent, then it will instantly enter into a fight with it and easily neutralize it.

When vaccinating against viruses, a vaccine is introduced into the blood - a substance containing the protein shells of viruses, or somehow weakened viruses. These components are unable to cause disease, but they are able to train immune cells to deal with strangers. Thus, if real viruses enter the body, then, as a rule, they are neutralized very quickly. Vaccine immunity can last for many years.

As for the flu, there are several types of viruses that cause this disease. Most of them have vaccines.

Vaccines can be of several types. There are vaccines containing live but weakened viruses. There are also vaccines containing inactivated virus components. Usually, one vaccine contains the material of several varieties of viruses, which is regularly updated, in accordance with the mutations that the substances that make up the shells of these infectious agents undergo.

Influenza vaccination, in the first place, should be carried out for people in certain risk groups:

• Age over 65 years;
• Those with respiratory diseases;
• Taking drugs that depress the immune system, cytostatics, corticosteroids;
• Patients with diabetes;
• Children;
• Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Unlike the flu, there are currently no vaccines to prevent SARS.

Influvac A vaccine designed to protect the body from infection with influenza viruses. Contains proteins - hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, characteristic of two strains of influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and one strain of type B. Each component is contained in an amount of 15 mg per 0.5 ml. Release form: suspension for injection, equipped with disposable syringes. Indications: prevention of influenza. Contraindications: tendency to allergic reactions when injected, acute diseases. Application: The vaccine can be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The standard dose is 0.5 ml for adults and children over 6 years of age, 0.25 ml for children under 6 years of age. For people who have a weakened immune system or who have not previously been vaccinated, the vaccine is administered twice with a break of a month, in other cases - once. The procedure is recommended to be carried out in the fall.

Antivirals that boost immunity

Any virus that enters the body meets with its protective forces - immunity. Human immunity is divided into two types: specific and nonspecific. Specific immunity is developed against a specific type of infectious agents, and non-specific has universal action and can be directed against any type of infection. Antiviral drugs based on strengthening immunity use its non-specific variety.

Preparations with interferons

This class of antiviral agents contains interferons, special substances secreted by immune cells to fight viruses. Usually, interferon in such antiviral drugs is obtained artificially with the help of special bacteria. Interferon attaches to cell walls and prevents viruses from entering them. On the other hand, viruses are able to block the production of interferon by cells, which makes it easier for them to penetrate them. Thus, preparations containing interferon are designed to compensate for the lack of natural interferon observed during viral infections.

Information about the effectiveness of antiviral drugs of this class is contradictory. Many people claim that they helped them, although the results clinical trials do not allow us to speak with confidence about these drugs as an effective remedy. In addition, they tend to have many side effects. Among them, it is worth noting the high probability of allergic reactions.

List popular drugs of this type includes Grippferon, Alfaron, Interferon, Viferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The drug contains interferon type alpha 2b. In the synthesis of this substance, the bacteria of Escherichia coli were used. The preparation also contains vitamins C and E. The preparation can be used as antiviral drug. It is active against pathogens respiratory infections as well as hepatitis and herpes viruses.

Kipferon

The drug for the treatment of influenza and SARS. The medicine is available in the form of suppositories. Contains immunoglobulins and human leukocyte interferon. Fat and paraffin are used as additional components. The drug is active not only against viruses (ARVI, influenza and hepatitis viruses), but also against a number of bacterial infections, in particular chlamydia.

Grippferon

Produced as a solution for nasal use, contains human leukocyte interferon, has immunomodulatory properties. Also included are some Excipients. It is intended mainly for the treatment of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.

Grippferon Immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, also active against influenza viruses. Contains human interferon alfa-2b. Therapeutic effect due to the effect on the cells of the body, which become immune to the introduction of viral particles. Can be used to treat infants. Release form: bottles of 5 and 10 ml, equipped with a dropper. Indications: influenza and SARS, treatment and prevention. Contraindications: severe allergic diseases. Application: The drug is instilled into each nasal passage. Dosage for treatment: up to a year - 1 drop 5 times a day; 1-3 years - 2 drops 3-4 times a day; 3-14 years - 2 drops 4-5 times a day; over 14 years old - 3 drops 5-6 times a day. In the prevention of the disease (in case of contact with a sick person or high probability infection) the dosage is similar to the dosage for treatment at the appropriate age, but instillation is done only 2 times a day.

Antiviral immunostimulating agents

Unlike interferons, antiviral immunostimulants do not directly attack viruses, but stimulate the immune system to produce its own interferons. These are inexpensive, but quite effective means. The advantage of this type of drugs, compared with drugs containing interferon, is that they are much less likely to cause side effects in the form of allergic reactions. Examples of such drugs are Ingavir, Kagocel, Cycloferon, Lavomax, Tsitovir. Which of them is most effective in ARVI, it is difficult to say unequivocally. All of them differ somewhat in their action and contraindications, and in order to know which one to choose, it is best to seek the advice of a specialist.

The effectiveness of antiviral immunostimulating agents, judging by the reviews, is quite high. However, many people who are passionate about such remedies do not think about how often you can drink them. Doctors warn of the harm that uncontrolled use of immune stimulants can lead to. The fact is that with the regular use of stimulants, there is a violation of the functioning of one's own immunity. The body gets used to the stimulation and is unable to respond to the infection on its own, which can cause complications of infectious diseases. The second danger associated with immune stimulants is that immune cells can begin to attack the body's own tissues, which is the cause of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, and some others.

Cytovir

Contains bendazol, a substance that stimulates the formation of interferons. Other active substances are ascorbic acid and thymogen, which increase the body's resistance to infection. Available in three main dosage forms - capsules, syrup and powder for solution. It can be used as a medicine that helps against influenza and SARS.

Kagocel

One of the best-selling drugs on the Russian market. Developed in the late 1980s. in Soviet Union. One of the main active ingredients is derived from cotton and is a copolymer of gossypol. Another component is cellulose glycolic acid. The combination of these components leads to increased secretion of interferon by immune cells. It should be noted that pure gossypol is known as a drug that adversely affects male spermatogenesis. And although the developers claim that this substance in its pure form in the preparation contains an insignificant amount, this circumstance makes us wary.

Amiksin

A drug that stimulates the production various types interferons - leukocyte (alpha type), gamma, and fibroblast interferon. A powerful tool that is active against various viruses, including viruses that cause SARS, herpes and hepatitis. The drug was developed in the United States about half a century ago, but was soon banned there due to its side effects. In particular, it was found that the main component of the drug is capable of causing damage to the retina. However, in countries former USSR This drug is actively sold under various brand names.

Cycloferon

Currently, it is one of the most popular drugs on the market from the class of immunostimulants. The active substance is meglumine acridone acetate. The drug can be administered into the body parenterally, as well as taken in the form of tablets. Judging by the reviews, the drug has high effect. However, it is interesting to note that the main active ingredient was originally used in veterinary medicine. But already a few years after the start of its use in this capacity the drug has been registered as a drug for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. At the same time, manufacturers recommend using the drug even for the treatment of children from 4 years old.

Kagocel Antiviral tablets belonging to the class of interferon inducer drugs. Stimulates the activity of the immune system against bacteria and viruses. Release form: tablets containing the active substance (kagocel) at a dosage of 12 mg, as well as calcium stearate, starch, lactose, povidone. Indications: treatment and prevention of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, as well as herpes simplex. Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation, age up to 3 years. Side effects: allergic reactions are possible. Application: 2 tablets 3 times a day in the first two days of the disease, in the next two days - 1 tablet 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 4 days. Taking the drug is not associated with food intake.

Antiviral etiotropic drugs (drugs of direct action)

This type of drugs acts directly on influenza or SARS viruses. In this case, mechanisms can be used that impede the replication of the virus, or its penetration into cells. Some drugs can also have a mild stimulating effect on the immune system.

Amantadines

These are first-generation antiviral etiotropic drugs, otherwise called M2-channel blockers. The mechanism of their action is based on the disruption of the work of certain enzymes that ensure the reproduction of the virus in the cell. The main drugs of the class are deutiforin, amantadine, midantan and rimantadine. Amantadines are also effective against some other types of viruses, such as adenoviruses and herpes viruses.

Remantadine

One of the first representatives of the group antiviral drugs direct action. At the time of its introduction (early 1960s), it seemed like a real breakthrough in the fight against influenza. The drug has shown its effectiveness in many clinical trials.

The drug was developed in the USA, but in the Soviet Union, the pharmaceutical industry also quickly launched the release of this drug. With its help, it was possible to significantly reduce the time spent on treating patients with influenza, which resulted in significant savings on the scale of the Soviet economy.

However, it soon became clear that influenza viruses quickly developed resistance to this drug and mutated in such a way that they became practically invulnerable to it. Recent studies show that more than 90% of influenza viruses are resistant to rimantadine, making it practically useless in the treatment this disease.

In addition, the drug was initially active only against type A influenza virus and did not affect type B viruses. Thus, rimantadine in terms of the treatment of influenza today is more of historical interest. However, this medicine cannot be called completely useless, since it has been found to be effective against the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Remantadine is available in two main dosage forms - 50 mg tablets and syrup. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, under certain conditions this time can be extended up to two weeks.

It may seem that antibiotics are a universal remedy that can cope with almost any misfortune (especially when it comes to a cold). This opinion is indeed widespread, and people often “prescribe” antibiotics for themselves at the first sign of malaise. Do you need antibiotics for the flu or are they completely useless?

Do antibiotics treat influenza?

Neuramidase inhibitors

These are more modern and effective direct-acting antiviral drugs. Them antiviral mechanism It is based on blocking the enzyme, due to which the virus leaves the infected cell, and also penetrates into healthy cells. Since the virus cannot enter the cell, it is easily destroyed by the immune forces of the body. To date, drugs of this group are most often used among direct-acting viral etiotropic drugs intended to combat influenza.

The main members of the class are oseltamivir, marketed under the brand name Tamiflu, and the drug Relenza (zanamivir). There is also a new generation drug - Peramivir (Rapivab), which has shown high efficiency in uncomplicated influenza. This drug intended primarily for parenteral administration.

However, it should be noted that the drugs of this group have a number of disadvantages. AT lung case, uncomplicated influenza, their effectiveness is usually relatively low, but the number of side effects is quite large. Neuramidiase inhibitors are also quite toxic. The frequency of side effects when taking them is 1.5%. Medicines are prescribed with caution to patients with a tendency to bronchospasm. In addition, they cannot be attributed to cheap drugs.

Tamiflu

This drug was developed in the USA in the late 1980s. Initially, it was planned to be used in the fight against the AIDS virus, but then it turned out that oseltamivir was not dangerous for this virus. However, instead, it was found that the drug is active against pathogens of influenza types A and B. The drug is most effective in severe forms of influenza due to its ability to suppress the formation of cytokines and prevent inflammation and an excessive immune response in the form of a cytokine storm. To date, this remedy, perhaps, tops the rating in terms of effectiveness among other etiotropic drugs.

When choosing a dosage, the patient's condition, the nature of the disease, the presence of chronic diseases should be taken into account. The standard duration of the course of treatment is 5 days, the dosage is 75-150 mg.

However, it is worth noting that the drug does not act against ARVI pathogens. In addition, an overdose of the drug and its uncontrolled use, including for prophylactic purposes, can lead to very serious consequences for health, for example, to mental disorders.

Relenza

Like Tamiflu, it belongs to the group of neuramidase inhibitors. It's efficient antiviral drug, structural analogue sialic acid. Unlike oseltamivir, this medicine from the flu is not available in tablets, but in special blisters intended for use in an inhaler - a diskhaler. This method allows you to deliver the drug directly to the respiratory tract affected by the virus and ensure the most effective effect of the drug on the infectious agent.

Relenza Etiotropic antiviral agent. Active against influenza A and B pathogens. Active substance- zanamivir, belonging to the category of neuramidase inhibitors. Release form: powder for inhalation, as well as a special device for inhalation - a diskhaler. One dose contains 5 mg of the active ingredient. Indications: treatment and prevention of type A and B viruses in adults and children. Contraindications: use the drug with caution in patients prone to bronchospasm. Application: Diskhaler is used for inhalation. The blisters with the drug are inserted into a special disk on the diskhaler. Then the blister is punctured, after which the drug can be inhaled through the mouthpiece.

Tamiflu Etiotropic antiviral drug. It is intended for the destruction of influenza viruses types A and B. The active substance is oseltamivir. Release form: Gelatin capsules with a dosage of 30, 45 and 75 mg, as well as powder for suspension in 30 g vials. Indications: prevention and treatment of influenza. The drug is recommended to be used from the age of 1 year. In some cases (with pandemics of the disease), treatment of children from 6 months is allowed. Contraindications: age up to 6 months, chronic kidney failure, low creatinine clearance (less than 10 ml/min). Side effects: headaches, insomnia, convulsions, dizziness, weakness, cough, nausea. Application: It is better to take the drug during meals, although this is not a strict recommendation. Children from 13 years of age and adults are prescribed 75 mg 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 5 days. Daily dosage for children under 12 years old depends on body weight: More than 40 kg - 150 mg; 23-40 kg - 120 mg; 15-23 kg - 90 mg; less than 15 kg - 60 mg. The daily dose should be divided into two doses.

Arbidol

A domestic drug that was developed back in the 1980s. The active substance is umifenovir. Unlike neuraminidase inhibitors, the action of umifenovir is aimed at inhibiting another viral protein, hemagglutinin. However, this method also prevents the penetration of the virus into the cells. In addition, the drug is able to provide moderate stimulation of the body's immune forces. Arbidol can also treat not only the flu, but also SARS. In Belarus, a structural analogue of this drug is produced - Arpetol.

Reviews about the drug are mostly positive. However, the fact that the only serious study of the effectiveness of the drug was sponsored by its own manufacturer, Pharmstandard, cannot but be alarming. Therefore, today Arbidol cannot be unequivocally attributed to drugs with proven effectiveness.

Arbidol Antiviral drug. The active substance is umifenovir. Combines etiotropic action and stimulation of immunity. It is active against pathogens of influenza types A and B, coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Release form: Capsules containing 50 mg of umifenovir. Indications: Prevention and treatment of influenza, SARS, SARS. Contraindications: age up to 3 years, individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Side effects: allergic reactions Application: The drug is taken before meals. Dosage depends on age: Adults and children over 12 years old - 200 mg; 6-12 years - 100 mg; 3-6 years - 50 mg. In the prevention of influenza and SARS during epidemics, the indicated doses are taken 2 times a week. The maximum duration of the prophylaxis course is weeks. In the treatment of influenza and SARS, the indicated doses are taken 4 times a day. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Rebetol

This drug is not designed to fight influenza viruses, but to fight other viruses such as rhinosincitial virus. Most often, this infection occurs in children, in whom it occurs in a complex form. However, it can also be used as an anti-influenza agent, although with less effect. In addition, the drug can be used in the treatment of herpes. With ARVI, the drug is injected into the focus of inflammation by inhalation. Other drug names are Virazole and Ribavirin. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Symptomatic drugs

Contrary to popular belief, these drugs are not antiviral drugs. They are intended only to relieve the unpleasant symptoms of influenza and SARS - pain and fever. However, this does not negate the fact that symptomatic remedies are good remedy with a cold. They usually contain anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs - paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sometimes antioxidants - ascorbic acid, less often - antihistamines and vasoconstrictors such as phenylephrine. Thus, they have no effect on influenza or SARS viruses. Although the names of many of these drugs can mislead an inexperienced person. For example, the symptomatic drug Theraflu can be confused with the etiotropic drug Tamiflu.

There are also combined preparations, including etiotropic agents and symptomatic - for example, Anvivir containing rimantadine and paracetamol.

It should be noted that the simultaneous appointment of interferon inducers and antipyretics, which is practiced by some doctors, does not make much sense. Indeed, with an increase in temperature, on the contrary, there is an increase in the production of interferon, and an artificial decrease in temperature nullifies this process.

homeopathic remedies

It is worth noting such a type of drugs as homeopathic remedies for the treatment of viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Around homeopathy there are fierce disputes, it has both supporters and opponents. However, it is undeniable that almost all homeopathic preparations do not directly affect viruses, and therefore it is very difficult to classify them as anti-virus. For example, such a popular French anti-flu drug as Oscillococcinum contains as active component Muscovy duck liver components. In this case, it is not at all clear on what basis such a component was classified as an effective remedy for flu and colds. Nevertheless, the drug is actively sold and enjoys traditional popularity, including in our country. Needless to say, drugs of this kind are an obvious example of the use of the autosuggestion effect inherent in people (the placebo effect) by clever businessmen.

Antiviral drugs for influenza and SARS - benefit or harm?

In our country, the number of cases of respiratory diseases is especially high, given the cold climate, long winter and off-season. All this creates a demand for drugs for colds and flu. Of course, pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot ignore such a potentially huge market. And they fill it with drugs of sometimes dubious quality and dubious effectiveness, promoting them with the help of aggressive advertising, claiming that the most the best drug today, that's exactly this remedy and nothing else. At present, a person who comes to a pharmacy, as a rule, has no difficulty in choosing antiviral agents. There are a lot of them, for every taste, and among them there are many drugs that are affordable. But, as you know, free cheese is only in a mousetrap.

As shown above, ideal antiviral drugs do not exist. Interferon preparations have many side effects, and of this kind, which may appear after a long time. Now more and more information is accumulating that their regular use increases the risk of autoimmune diseases - lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, psoriasis, insulin dependent diabetes and even oncological diseases. Particular care should be taken by those patients who have relatives suffering from autoimmune diseases. Also, drugs of this type should be used with caution in the treatment of children.

Interferon preparations, in addition, can cause severe allergic reactions. In addition, their effectiveness is highly questionable. In principle, the same can be said about antiviral immunostimulants. It is worth noting that in most Western countries similar drugs are practically not used. The concept of treatment of respiratory diseases widespread there recognizes only etiotropic or symptomatic treatment, and antiviral immunomodulators are prescribed to patients only in exceptional cases.

As for etiotropic drugs, they also cannot be called perfect choice. Although they have much more evidence base however, their effectiveness is often greatly exaggerated due to advertising from manufacturers. In addition, such old drugs as rimantadine have already lost a significant portion of their effectiveness due to the formation of a huge number of strains of viruses resistant to their action.

Neuramidase inhibitors appear to be most effective. However, at the same time, they have high toxicity and a limited spectrum of action, covering only influenza viruses. Therefore, given that they are most effective in the first days after the onset of the disease, they can be used only when there is complete certainty that the disease is caused by the influenza virus, and not by something else. And needless to say, it is usually not possible to determine the type of pathogen at the beginning of the disease. Otherwise, the use of these drugs will simply be a waste of money. By the way, this type of drugs is by no means cheap.

The only way to fight viral infections with antiviral drugs that has a minimum of side effects is vaccination. However, it cannot be considered a panacea. It has some limitations, since there are so many strains of influenza and it is absolutely impossible to come up with a vaccine that would be effective against everyone. To some extent, however, this is offset by the fact that the biological material contained in vaccines is constantly updated.

Therefore, one should consider whether it is worth using this kind of treatment at all, which can bring more problems than the disease itself. It should be noted that most people underestimate the power of their own immunity. Compliance simple rules- bed rest, plentiful warm drink, intake of vitamins and proper diet in most cases, they put a person on their feet in about the same time as treatment with newfangled antiviral drugs. Their use may still be justified in case of influenza with a high temperature, but the use of the same immunomodulators in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is generally not recommended.

Also, do not abuse the reception of symptomatic drugs. After all, the same high temperature is defensive reaction body against invading viruses and bacteria. At high temperature the production of interferons increases, making the cells of the body immune to viral infection. By lowering the temperature artificially, we actually forbid the body to fight infection. Therefore, you should not bring down the temperature, at least if it does not pass the critical mark of +39º degrees.

The situation is further complicated by the peculiarities of our mentality. It is no secret that many people, faced with acute respiratory infections and influenza, do not seek to be cured, but simply to quickly return to their normal lives, go to work, etc. This not only leads to the fact that all the surrounding people become infected, but also to the fact that as a result a person does not cure the disease, which turns into chronic form. A cold carried on the legs has a much more harmful effect on the body than refusing to take antiviral drugs.

However, most people understand that this behavior is not correct, but they resort to another, seemingly more correct means - swallowing bundles of anti-virus agents. And at the same time, it seems to be really getting better, but at the same time it destroys your body. Meanwhile, it is worth considering that health is much more expensive than a couple of extra days spent on sick leave.

Of course, these tips are suitable for people with a healthy immune system. However, not everyone can boast of it. Now there are many people whose immunity is weakened. Their disease may be delayed, which eventually threatens various complications. In this case, acceptance antiviral tablets justified. However, the fact of the presence of weakened immunity should not be established on the basis of individual sensations - I have a runny nose every month, which means that I need to buy drugs with interferons or immunomodulators, but on the basis of thorough studies of the state of the immune system. The selection of antiviral drugs should also be careful. Which one is best suited in a particular case, the doctor should tell. It is necessary to use the drug in accordance with its recommendations and instructions.

And, of course, treatment with these drugs should not be taken as natural. Once cured with antiviral drugs, you should not rely on the fact that the next time miraculous drugs will help get rid of the disease. Measures should be taken to strengthen the immune system. There are many natural ways to do this - hardening, regular walks in the fresh air, proper nutrition and daily routine, proper rest, physical education and sports.

Also, measures aimed at preventing diseases should not be ignored. It should be borne in mind that influenza and ARVI viruses are quite resistant to unfavorable factors and can exist in the external environment for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out regularly hygiene procedures, especially during a period of increased morbidity - regularly rinse your mouth and rinse the nasal cavity, avoid communicating with patients with respiratory diseases. It is also necessary to treat chronic diseases in a timely manner, since it is well known that viruses multiply most intensively in the body, weakened by the fight against chronic diseases. And, of course, it is worth getting rid of bad habits. After all, it is well known that smoking significantly weakens the immune forces of the tissues of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, including viral ones.

British doctors have made a funny video on how to wash your hands properly. Video: washyourhands.org.uk

How to wash your hands properly

It should also be taken into account that it is necessary to start antiviral drug therapy as early as possible, at the first signs of the disease. Otherwise, the treatment will not be effective.

In addition, before starting treatment with antiviral drugs, you should make sure that respiratory disease really caused by viruses, not bacteria. Otherwise, antiviral therapy will be completely useless.

Popular antivirus tools, type

A drug	Type of
Alfarona	interferon drug
Amiksin	immunostimulator
Arbidol	etiotropic drug
Vaxigripp	vaccine
Viferon	interferon drug
Grippferon	interferon drug
Ingavirin	immunostimulator
Interferon	interferon drug
Influvac	vaccine
Kagocel	immunostimulator
Kipferon	interferon drug
Lavomax	immunostimulator
Oscillococcinum	homeopathic remedy
Relenza	etiotropic drug
rimantadine	etiotropic drug
Tiloram	immunostimulator
Tamiflu	etiotropic drug
Cycloferon	immunostimulator
Cytovir	immunostimulator

Medical prevention of influenza is carried out:

• Chemotherapy drugs - many of the drugs that are used to treat the flu can also be used to prevent it.
• Vaccination - Vaccination According to Experts World Organization Health care, the most effective and reliable method of protection.

Antiviral drugs in the prevention of influenza

• amantadine, rimantadine
• zanamivir, oseltamivir
• interferon and interferon inducers

Amantadine, rimantadine. In the prevention of influenza caused by virus A, the effectiveness is 70-90%. Antiviral drugs may also be given to immunized individuals, especially if there are risk factors for complications. When vaccinated in adults, immunity develops after approximately 2 weeks, so amantadine and rimantadine are recommended during this period. In addition, prophylactic administration of these drugs may be recommended for those individuals who are contraindicated in vaccination.

Prevention of influenza outbreaks in health care settings (for example, in hospitals or departments nursing care) should begin as soon as the first cases of influenza-like illness occur. Medicines should be taken by both patients and staff to prevent the transmission of viral infection to people with high risk the development of complications.

Scientific studies on the efficacy and safety of amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention and treatment of influenza A in adults have shown that amantadine and rimantadine are equally effective in the prevention and treatment of influenza A in healthy adults, but rimantadine is safer and is associated with a lower risk of side effects.

The problem of resistance significantly limits the use of amantadine and rimantadine.

Rimantadine ( tradename Remantadin, Algirem). It is used for the prevention of influenza caused by virus A, inside, after eating, drinking water. Adults: 50 mg 1 time per day, course duration - 30 days. Children aged 7 to 10 years - 50 mg 2 times a day, course - 5 days. The maximum daily dose for children should not exceed 150 mg.

Algirem(rimantadine for children older than 1 year). Dosage form - syrup. Preventive scheme:

• children from 1 to 3 years old - 10 ml (2 teaspoons) of syrup (20 mg) 1 time per day,
• children from 3 to 7 years old - 15 ml (3 teaspoons) of syrup (30 mg) 1 time per day for 10-15 days, depending on the source of infection.

Attention! The daily dose of rimantadine should not exceed 5 mg per kg of body weight.

Adapromin. It has antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses. It is close to rimantadine in antiviral activity. It is used to prevent influenza. Available in tablets of 50 mg.

Method of administration and doses for prevention: inside, after meals, 100 mg 1 time per day, daily for 5-10 days.

Arbidol. Domestic antiviral chemotherapy drug. It is produced in tablets of 0.1 g and in capsules of 0.05 g and 0.1 g. It is used to prevent influenza caused by viruses A and B. It is taken orally before meals. Treatment regimen:

• Adults and children over 12 years old: 0.2 g per day for 10-14 days; and during the period of the influenza epidemic and the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections, 0.1 g 1 time per day every 3-4 days for 3 weeks.
• Children 2-12 years: for prevention - 0.05 g for 10 days

• Influenza Prevention Tool

Zanamivir and oseltamivir. This is a new class of specific anti-influenza drugs. Studies have shown that these drugs are as effective as the vaccine in preventing influenza. They were approved in 1999 for the prevention of influenza A and B by the FDA and food products— FDA (USA).

National Institute of Health and Quality medical care UK (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence - NICE) recommends influenza prophylaxis with zanamivir and oseltamivir.

According to the guide oseltamivir and zanamivir recommended to prevent influenza in the following situations:

• the presence of the influenza virus in environment in quantities sufficient to cause anyone to develop an influenza-like illness likely to be caused by an influenza virus;
• the patient is at risk;
• contact with a person with an influenza-like illness - if possible, start taking the drug within the next 36 hours (zanamivir) or 48 hours (oseltamivir);
• the patient is not effectively protected by vaccination.

Zanamivir (trade name Zanamivir, Relenza). 15 European countries have approved the use of Relenza for the prevention of influenza types A and B. It is available as a metered powder for inhalation in rotadisks. Treatment should begin no later than 36 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. It is inhaled with a diskhaler. Treatment: adults and children over 7 years old - 2 inhalations 2 times a day for 5 days. The total daily dose is 20 mg.

Oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu). Available in capsules of 75 mg. It is taken orally, regardless of food intake, for the prevention of type A and B influenza. Its preventive effectiveness reaches 82%. After contact with an infected person, the drug should be taken for at least 7 days, and during a seasonal flu outbreak - up to 6 weeks. For adults and adolescents over 12 years of age, Tamiflu is administered orally at 75 mg 1-2 times a day for 6 weeks during an influenza epidemic, as well as for persons at increased risk of infection with the virus (in military units, large production teams, in debilitated patients). Maximum dose adults 150 mg per day. The prophylactic effect of the drug lasts as long as the drug is taken.

Interferons. Interferons are used to treat and prevent various viral infections, including influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. The main effect of interferons is due to the fact that they activate substances that inhibit the reproduction of viruses. Since the mechanism of their action is universal, they are effective for any viral infections. Used in the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections the following drugs interferon:

native leukocyte interferon 1000 units / ml in the form of nasal drops, 5 drops in the nasal passages 4-6 times a day.

Recombinant interferon alpha 2b (trade name Viferon). Does not contain components of human blood, obtained by genetic engineering.

• Viferon ointment. In order to prevent in the foci of infection, the ointment is applied thin layer on the mucous membrane of the nasal passages 2 times a day in the morning and evening for 2 weeks, then 2-3 times a week for 1 month.

Recombinant interferon alpha 2 (trade name Grippferon). Mechanism of action Grippferon is based on preventing the multiplication of any viruses that enter the body through the respiratory tract. Grippferon is useful for the prevention of influenza and SARS, because:

• Highly effective as a drug emergency prevention influenza and other SARS.
• There is no effect of addiction to the action of the drug.
• Approved for use in children under one year old, including newborns.
• Approved for use in pregnant women.
• Can be used in conjunction with vaccination.
• It has a pronounced anti-epidemic effect.

Assign locally in the nose. In order to prevent influenza and SARS: upon contact with the patient and / or when hypothermia, the drug is instilled in an age dosage 2 times a day for 5-7 days. If necessary, preventive courses are repeated; with a seasonal increase in the incidence, the drug is instilled in the age dosage in the morning after 1-2 days:

• children under 1 year old- 1 drop in each nasal passage 5 times a day ( single dose 1,000 IU, daily dose 5,000 IU);
• children from 1 to 3 years old- 2 drops in each nasal passage 3-4 times a day (single dose 2000 IU, daily - 6000 - 8000 IU);
• children from 3 to 14 years old- 2 drops in each nasal passage 4-5 times a day (single dose 2000 IU, daily dose 8000-10000 IU);
• adults- 3 drops in each nasal passage 5-6 times a day (single dose 3,000 IU, daily dose 15,000 - 18,000 IU).

Recombinant interferon-gamma (trade name Ingaron). Does not contain components of human blood, obtained by genetic engineering. It has a pronounced antiviral, immunostimulating and immunomodulatory effect. For the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza upon contact with the patient and / or when hypothermia, 2-3 drops of Ingaron in each nasal passage every other day 30 minutes before breakfast for 10 days. If necessary, preventive courses are repeated. With a single contact, one instillation is enough Ingaron.

Influenza is a very common acute infection that affects the human respiratory tract. The source of influenza is a virus that mutates every year, which only complicates the treatment process. Let's take a closer look at what to take to prevent flu and colds, and what medicines are best to deal with this.

There are a number medicines that provide protection against the flu

The following groups of people are most affected by the flu:

1. People with weakened immune systems.
2. Small children.
3. Women during pregnancy.
4. Elderly people.
5. Patients who already suffer from severe chronic diseases (hepatitis, asthma, diabetes, Chronical bronchitis, tuberculosis, etc.).

Means for the prevention of colds and flu, first of all, should be aimed at protecting the body's forces, that is, stimulating the immune system, since people with a weakened immune system are most susceptible to this viral disease.

Doctors say that drinking for the prevention of influenza and colds is best for those drugs that are immunomodulatory or antiviral. They will create a kind of protective barrier in the body and prevent viruses from penetrating into it, especially sources of influenza.

To date, the following are distinguished effective pills for the prevention of flu and colds:

1. Algirem.
2. Anaferon.
3. Arbidol.
4. Immunal.
5. Reaferon.
6. Remintadin.
7. Fitogor.

In addition, drops can also be used to prevent flu and colds. The best of them can be called Pinosol, Grippferon and Karmolis.

Let us consider in more detail prophylactic remedies for flu and colds, their features and effectiveness.

The drug Algirem

Tablets for the prevention of influenza and colds Algirem were developed according to unique method, thanks to which it was possible to make an effective antiviral drug based on rimantadine.

Algirem- this is effective remedy for the prevention of influenza and colds, which has a pronounced antiviral effect. Moreover, the drug has a strong antitoxic effect, so it rarely causes side effects.

It is important to note that when taking Algirem, a high circulation of its active substance is observed in the body, due to which it is possible to reduce the dosage of the drug.

After taking Algirem, there are almost never side effects.

You can use Algirem for both adults and children. It is noteworthy that taking such pills is indicated for the prevention of colds, as well as at first after infection with the virus. In this state, Algirem will contribute to more speedy recovery person.

This drug will be especially effective when a person has not yet been affected by the bronchi, that is, with a short cold.

According to studies, it has been proven that during epidemics of influenza and SARS, Algirem contributes to the rapid protection of the body, so that a person can avoid infection.

Moreover, due to their good tolerance, such tablets can be prescribed even to young children.

Anaferon

Anaferon- this is the best remedy for the prevention of influenza and colds in children. According to the instructions for use for this medicine, it can be used for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza and inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx in children of different ages.

Due to the pronounced therapeutic effect, Anaferon in the shortest possible time will be able to activate the human immune system and make him less vulnerable to influenza. This has been proven by numerous studies.

It is important to know that Anaferon can be taken even after infection with the flu. In this state, it will facilitate the course of the disease, relieve acute symptoms and also reduce the likelihood of dangerous complications in the child. Moreover, Anaferon will relieve the manifestations of intoxication of the body, therefore, it will make the whole process of the course of the disease easier.

Unfortunately, Anaferoni has many contraindications, so you can take it only after a medical appointment. This is especially true for the treatment of children. Otherwise (if you take the drug in the presence of contraindications), the medicine can only worsen the patient's condition.

As the results of recent studies show, those children who took Anaferon for prophylactic purposes were seven times less likely to get the flu during the entire period of the epidemic. This indicates that Anaferon is indeed the best prophylactic against flu and colds, or at least it is one of the most effective.

Arbidol

Arbidol, just like Aneferon, it is a potent antiviral and immunomodulatory drug that can be used to prevent influenza and SARS. Moreover, Arbiol is also indicated for complications from influenza - pneumonia, bronchitis and inflammation of the sinuses.

Arbidol has a pronounced antioxidant effect. It normalizes the work of human immunity and reduces the likelihood of complications from chronic colds.

Arbidol has a pronounced antioxidant effect

Prevention of flu and colds using Arbidol has been proven by studies that have shown that this drug suppresses the virus in the cells of the body and prevents it from progressing. Thus, even if a person becomes infected with a virus, the latter will not be able to develop further, as it will be suppressed by immune cells, which Arbidol activates.

Immunal

A drug Immunal based on herbal ingredients. It contains biologically active substances that are aimed at stimulating the work of the human immune system.

According to studies, those children who took Immunal were more than three times less likely to get flu in kindergartens, even during outbreaks of epidemics. Also, with prophylactic administration of Immunal after infection, the risk of complications decreases several times.

As for the peculiarities of the transfer of Immunal, a positive well-being of a person during his reception was noted. Side effects developed infrequently.

Reaferon

A drug Reaferon can be used to prevent influenza. It causes the production of its own interferon in humans, thus stimulating its defenses.

Reaferon inhibits the development of viruses

It should be noted that Reaferon is a rather potent remedy, so it can be taken only after the appointment of a specialist.
Thanks to positive data and high efficiency, Reaferon is approved for use for the prevention of influenza and SARS during outbreaks of seasonal epidemics.

Remantadine

A drug Remantadine has unique property suppress the development of influenza viruses. He also gets the job done blood vessels and protects the body from viruses types A and B.

It is important to know that after two days of taking Remantadine, a person who has a cold feels better - his temperature drops and his headache disappears.

Especially efficient use Remantadine is considered when it is taken together with No-shpa.

Fitogor

Compared with synthetic drugs, medicine Fitogor is safer because it is based on herbs. It contains ingredients such as sage, calendula, mint and lemon balm.

When taken correctly, Phytogor improves metabolism, strengthens human immunity and inhibits the activity of viruses. At the same time, it is effective both in relation to influenza viruses and to the usual acute respiratory infections.

Contraindications

It is important to note that the above drugs should be taken with extreme caution in the following cases:

1. When the age of the child is less than three years (you need to look in the instructions from what exact age you can give the drug to the child).
2. Availability acute diseases digestive system and stomach including (ulcer, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.).
3. All sorts of violations nervous system adult or child.
4. Chronic liver disease, as well as renal failure.
5. Oncological pathologies.
6. Period after recent surgery.
7. Diabetes mellitus (do not take drugs with sugar).
8. Liver failure.

Not all medicines are allowed for children under 3 years old - be careful!

If the question “what to drink to prevent flu and colds” arises, first of all, you should pay attention to all the above drugs, since they are the most effective prophylactic agents that can really protect a person from infection with the influenza virus.

Nose drops for flu prevention

The following are the most effective nasal drops that can be used to prevent the common cold virus:

• Grippferon are nasal drops of the new dosage form which have an immunostimulating effect. It has been proven that the use of Grippferon at the initial stages of the course of influenza contributes to speedy recovery the patient, elimination of symptoms and ridding the person of the risk of complications from the respiratory system.

With the prophylactic use of Grippferon, the likelihood of contracting a cold is significantly reduced. This is especially noticeable in kindergartens, where epidemics of viral colds often break out.

You should know that Grippferon does not have a toxic effect and rarely causes side effects, so it can be used even for babies from the first year of life.

• Capmolis are nasal drops that are based on herbal ingredients and essential oils. This drug has a pronounced antiseptic, strengthening, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial therapeutic effect.

It has been proven that Capmolis makes the body more resistant to the influenza virus and reduces the risk of infection by more than half. Especially nice results on prevention are observed when these drops are used for several weeks.

• Pinosol- This is a medicinal nasal remedy, which is also based on plant materials. It can be used for children and adults as a curative and preventive medicine.

It is important to know that after a series of observations, no severe complications have been identified after the use of Pinosol. All patients tolerated it very well.

General rules for the prevention of influenza

Considering all theses of flu and cold prevention, the following recommendations should be followed to reduce the likelihood of infection of the body with this virus:

1. Take vitamins to prevent flu and colds. They can be in tablets or liquid form. Usually, vitamins against flu and colds are sold in the form of complex preparations, which include the main useful material and minerals. It is recommended to drink them during the off-season, when the body is weakened and requires additional support.
2. Practice hardening to strengthen the immune system.
3. Avoid stress and nerve strain, which contribute to the reduction of the body's defenses.
4. Completely give up smoking and drinking alcohol, because apart from harm to health and a decrease in immunity, they will not lead to anything else.
5. Do not self-medicate if you suspect a flu, because a running virus is much more difficult to treat. Thus, at the first manifestations of a cold, you should consult a doctor.
6. Do not come into contact with people with a cold without a mask.
7. Carefully observe personal hygiene.
8. Take prophylactic immunomodulatory drugs.
9. Eat properly. The diet should be well balanced and rich in nutrients.
10. Get vaccinated against the common cold virus.
11. Do sport.

Remember that exercise strengthens the immune system!

The influenza virus can cause life-threatening complications (in young children and the elderly, it can be fatal), so do not neglect the rules for the prevention of its development. Only by following all the recommendations can you protect yourself from this disease, thereby preventing the virus from infecting the body.